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  • Articles  (294)
  • United States  (166)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • Chemistry
  • Signal Transduction
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (294)
  • 2007  (294)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (294)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1785-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Products/*chemical synthesis ; Chemistry, Organic/history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: In flowering plants, signaling between the male pollen tube and the synergid cells of the female gametophyte is required for fertilization. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant feronia (fer), fertilization is impaired; the pollen tube fails to arrest and thus continues to grow inside the female gametophyte. FER encodes a synergid-expressed, plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase. We found that the FER protein accumulates asymmetrically in the synergid membrane at the filiform apparatus. Interspecific crosses using pollen from Arabidopsis lyrata and Cardamine flexuosa on A. thaliana stigmas resulted in a fer-like phenotype that correlates with sequence divergence in the extracellular domain of FER. Our findings show that the female control of pollen tube reception is based on a FER-dependent signaling pathway, which may play a role in reproductive isolation barriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar-Restrepo, Juan-Miguel -- Huck, Norbert -- Kessler, Sharon -- Gagliardini, Valeria -- Gheyselinck, Jacqueline -- Yang, Wei-Cai -- Grossniklaus, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):656-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Brassicaceae/genetics/physiology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Germination ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/enzymology ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Seeds/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):926.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environment ; Financing, Government ; *Nanotechnology ; *Research Support as Topic ; Safety ; United States
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated protein recruitment to cellular membranes is of paramount importance for signal transduction. The recruitment of many PH domains is controlled through production and turnover of their membrane ligand, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We show that phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) establishes another mode of PH domain regulation through a soluble ligand. At physiological concentrations, IP4 promoted PH domain binding to PIP3. In primary mouse CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, this was required for full activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk after T cell receptor engagement. Our data suggest that IP4 establishes a feedback loop of phospholipase C-gamma1 activation through Itk that is essential for T cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yina H -- Grasis, Juris A -- Miller, Andrew T -- Xu, Ruo -- Soonthornvacharin, Stephen -- Andreotti, Amy H -- Tsoukas, Constantine D -- Cooke, Michael P -- Sauer, Karsten -- AR048848/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):886-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymphopoiesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Adhesion of a biological cell to another cell or the extracellular matrix involves complex couplings between cell biochemistry, structural mechanics, and surface bonding. The interactions are dynamic and act through association and dissociation of bonds between very large molecules at rates that change considerably under stress. Combining molecular cell biology with single-molecule force spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for exploring the complexity of cell adhesion, that is, how cell signaling processes strengthen adhesion bonds and how forces applied to cell-surface bonds act on intracellular sites to catalyze chemical processes or switch molecular interactions on and off. Probing adhesion receptors on strategically engineered cells with force during functional stimulation can reveal key nodes of communication between the mechanical and chemical circuitry of a cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, Evan A -- Calderwood, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1148-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. evans@physics.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion/*physiology ; Humans ; Integrins/chemistry/physiology ; Selectins/chemistry/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrum Analysis
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Beetles represent almost one-fourth of all described species, and knowledge about their relationships and evolution adds to our understanding of biodiversity. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Coleoptera inferred from three genes and nearly 1900 species, representing more than 80% of the world's recognized beetle families. We defined basal relationships in the Polyphaga supergroup, which contains over 300,000 species, and established five families as the earliest branching lineages. By dating the phylogeny, we found that the success of beetles is explained neither by exceptional net diversification rates nor by a predominant role of herbivory and the Cretaceous rise of angiosperms. Instead, the pre-Cretaceous origin of more than 100 present-day lineages suggests that beetle species richness is due to high survival of lineages and sustained diversification in a variety of niches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Toby -- Bergsten, Johannes -- Levkanicova, Zuzana -- Papadopoulou, Anna -- John, Oliver St -- Wild, Ruth -- Hammond, Peter M -- Ahrens, Dirk -- Balke, Michael -- Caterino, Michael S -- Gomez-Zurita, Jesus -- Ribera, Ignacio -- Barraclough, Timothy G -- Bocakova, Milada -- Bocak, Ladislav -- Vogler, Alfried P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Animals ; Beetles/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Feeding Behavior ; Fossils ; Genes, Insect ; Gymnosperms ; *Phylogeny
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormick, Sheila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service-UC Berkeley, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):684-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; *Research/economics ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Zimbabwe
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Sea Anemones/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barash, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):596-7; author reply 596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Group Processes ; Humans ; *Morals ; *Psychology, Social
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Medical Association ; Animals ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Medicine ; Societies ; United States ; *Veterinary Medicine ; Zoonoses
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Climate change, a perennial runner-up for Breakthrough of the Year, broke from the pack this year--both in the pages of this section and in the public arena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1846-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; United Nations ; United States
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolter, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rkolter@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli/cytology/*physiology ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; *Quorum Sensing ; Signal Transduction
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):686-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Geography ; Plants
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jung-Kyoo -- Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to extracellular matrix- and growth factor-producing cells supports liver regeneration through promotion of hepatocyte proliferation. We show that the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member expressed in HSCs after fibrotic and cirrhotic liver injury in humans, is a regulator of liver repair. In mice, depletion of p75NTR exacerbated liver pathology and inhibited hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. p75NTR-/- HSCs failed to differentiate to myofibroblasts and did not support hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, inhibition of p75NTR signaling to the small guanosine triphosphatase Rho resulted in impaired HSC differentiation. Our results identify signaling from p75NTR to Rho as a mechanism for the regulation of HSC differentiation to regeneration-promoting cells that support hepatocyte proliferation in the diseased liver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Passino, Melissa A -- Adams, Ryan A -- Sikorski, Shoana L -- Akassoglou, Katerina -- 5T32-GM07752/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS051470/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30-NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1853-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Progression ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/pathology/physiology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: The role of dopamine in monitoring negative action outcomes and feedback-based learning was tested in a neuroimaging study in humans grouped according to the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism DRD2-TAQ-IA. In a probabilistic learning task, A1-allele carriers with reduced dopamine D2 receptor densities learned to avoid actions with negative consequences less efficiently. Their posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), involved in feedback monitoring, responded less to negative feedback than others' did. Dynamically changing interactions between pMFC and hippocampus found to underlie feedback-based learning were reduced in A1-allele carriers. This demonstrates that learning from errors requires dopaminergic signaling. Dopamine D2 receptor reduction seems to decrease sensitivity to negative action consequences, which may explain an increased risk of developing addictive behaviors in A1-allele carriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Tilmann A -- Neumann, Jane -- Reuter, Martin -- Hennig, Jurgen -- von Cramon, D Yves -- Ullsperger, Markus -- R01MH74457/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. tklein@cbs.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; *Avoidance Learning ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/metabolism ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Signal Transduction
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administrative Personnel ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Museums ; Natural History ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shneiderman, Ben -- Preece, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ben@cs.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disaster Planning ; *Disasters ; Government ; *Internet ; Telephone ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Europe ; *Genetics, Microbial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Batich, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1564.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Humans ; Iraq ; *Military Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; Warfare
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Muller et al. (Reports, 27 October 2006, p. 654) proposed a role for microtubule nucleation in mitotic checkpoint signaling. However, their observations of spindle defects and mitotic delay after depletion of gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC) components are fully consistent with activation of the established pathway of checkpoint signaling in response to incomplete or unstable interactions between kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes and spindle microtubules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weaver, Beth A A -- Cleveland, Don W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):982; author reply 982.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Kinetochores/*physiology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitosis ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extremities/innervation/physiology ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Neurological ; Muscle Contraction ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Robotics ; Salamandra/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Swimming ; *Walking
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: Morphological variation within species is a raw material subject to natural selection. However, temporal change in morphological diversity has usually been studied in terms of variation among rather than within species. The distribution of polymorphic traits in cladistic character-taxon matrices reveals that the frequency and extent of morphological variation in 982 trilobite species are greatest early in the evolution of the group: Stratigraphically old and/or phylogenetically basal taxa are significantly more variable than younger and/or more derived taxa. Through its influence on evolutionary tempo, high intraspecific variation may have played a major role in the pronounced Cambrian diversification of trilobites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):499-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mwebster@geosci.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; Time
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behe, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):196; author reply 196.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Plasmodium/drug effects/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology ; *Selection, Genetic ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: In the time between speciation and extinction, a species' ecological and biogeographic footprint-its occupancy-will vary in response to macroecological drivers and historical contingencies. Despite their importance for understanding macroecological processes, general patterns of long-term species occupancy remain largely unknown. We documented the occupancy histories of Cenozoic marine mollusks from New Zealand. For both genera and species, these show a distinct pattern of increase to relatively short-lived peak occupancy at mid-duration, followed by a decline toward extinction. Thus, species at greatest risk for extinction are those that have already been in decline for a substantial period of time. This pattern of protracted rise and fall stands in contrast to that of incumbency, insofar as species show no general tendency to stay near maximal occupancy once established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foote, Michael -- Crampton, James S -- Beu, Alan G -- Marshall, Bruce A -- Cooper, Roger A -- Maxwell, Phillip A -- Matcham, Iain -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. mfoote@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Time
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; *Exobiology ; Hot Springs/*microbiology ; Jupiter ; Mexico ; Robotics/economics/*instrumentation ; Software ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):880-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conflict of Interest ; Data Collection ; Financing, Government ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Welfare ; Ecology ; *Environment ; *Environmental Health ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1374-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Europe ; *Research ; Space Flight ; *Spacecraft/economics ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Weightlessness
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Changes in the genes encoding sensory receptor proteins are an essential step in the evolution of new sensory capacities. In primates, trichromatic color vision evolved after changes in X chromosome-linked photopigment genes. To model this process, we studied knock-in mice that expressed a human long-wavelength-sensitive (L) cone photopigment in the form of an X-linked polymorphism. Behavioral tests demonstrated that heterozygous females, whose retinas contained both native mouse pigments and human L pigment, showed enhanced long-wavelength sensitivity and acquired a new capacity for chromatic discrimination. An inherent plasticity in the mammalian visual system thus permits the emergence of a new dimension of sensory experience based solely on gene-driven changes in receptor organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, Gerald H -- Williams, Gary A -- Cahill, Hugh -- Nathans, Jeremy -- EY002052/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1723-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. jacobs@psych.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color Perception/*genetics ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Primates/genetics/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics/*physiology ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitzgerald, Katherine A -- Golenbock, Douglas T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1574-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. kate.fitzgerald@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycolipids/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipid A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merchant, Sabeeha S -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Vallon, Olivier -- Harris, Elizabeth H -- Karpowicz, Steven J -- Witman, George B -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Marechal-Drouard, Laurence -- Marshall, Wallace F -- Qu, Liang-Hu -- Nelson, David R -- Sanderfoot, Anton A -- Spalding, Martin H -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Ren, Qinghu -- Ferris, Patrick -- Lindquist, Erika -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lucas, Susan M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Cardol, Pierre -- Cerutti, Heriberto -- Chanfreau, Guillaume -- Chen, Chun-Long -- Cognat, Valerie -- Croft, Martin T -- Dent, Rachel -- Dutcher, Susan -- Fernandez, Emilio -- Fukuzawa, Hideya -- Gonzalez-Ballester, David -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- Hallmann, Armin -- Hanikenne, Marc -- Hippler, Michael -- Inwood, William -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Kalanon, Ming -- Kuras, Richard -- Lefebvre, Paul A -- Lemaire, Stephane D -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Lohr, Martin -- Manuell, Andrea -- Meier, Iris -- Mets, Laurens -- Mittag, Maria -- Mittelmeier, Telsa -- Moroney, James V -- Moseley, Jeffrey -- Napoli, Carolyn -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Niyogi, Krishna -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Pazour, Greg -- Purton, Saul -- Ral, Jean-Philippe -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Riekhof, Wayne -- Rymarquis, Linda -- Schroda, Michael -- Stern, David -- Umen, James -- Willows, Robert -- Wilson, Nedra -- Zimmer, Sara Lana -- Allmer, Jens -- Balk, Janneke -- Bisova, Katerina -- Chen, Chong-Jian -- Elias, Marek -- Gendler, Karla -- Hauser, Charles -- Lamb, Mary Rose -- Ledford, Heidi -- Long, Joanne C -- Minagawa, Jun -- Page, M Dudley -- Pan, Junmin -- Pootakham, Wirulda -- Roje, Sanja -- Rose, Annkatrin -- Stahlberg, Eric -- Terauchi, Aimee M -- Yang, Pinfen -- Ball, Steven -- Bowler, Chris -- Dieckmann, Carol L -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- Green, Pamela -- Jorgensen, Richard -- Mayfield, Stephen -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Rajamani, Sathish -- Sayre, Richard T -- Brokstein, Peter -- Dubchak, Inna -- Goodstein, David -- Hornick, Leila -- Huang, Y Wayne -- Jhaveri, Jinal -- Luo, Yigong -- Martinez, Diego -- Ngau, Wing Chi Abby -- Otillar, Bobby -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Porter, Aaron -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Werner, Gregory -- Zhou, Kemin -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Grossman, Arthur R -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM032843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062915-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM030626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):245-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*genetics/physiology ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Proteome ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three retrograde signals have been described, but little is known of their signaling pathways. We show here that GUN1, a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide-repeat protein, and ABI4, an Apetala 2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, are common to all three pathways. ABI4 binds the promoter of a retrograde-regulated gene through a conserved motif found in close proximity to a light-regulatory element. We propose a model in which multiple indicators of aberrant plastid function in Arabidopsis are integrated upstream of GUN1 within plastids, which leads to ABI4-mediated repression of nuclear-encoded genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koussevitzky, Shai -- Nott, Ajit -- Mockler, Todd C -- Hong, Fangxin -- Sachetto-Martins, Gilberto -- Surpin, Marci -- Lim, Jason -- Mittler, Ron -- Chory, Joanne -- DRG-1865-05/PHS HHS/ -- F32 GM 18172/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM 69090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):715-9. Epub 2007 Mar 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Chloroplasts/*metabolism ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Electron Transport ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/genetics ; Lincomycin/pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protoporphyrins/metabolism ; Pyridazines/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: There is much interest in the evolutionary forces that favored the evolution of large brains in the primate order. The social brain hypothesis posits that selection has favored larger brains and more complex cognitive capacities as a means to cope with the challenges of social life. The hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that group size is linked to various measures of brain size. But it has not been clear how cognitive complexity confers fitness advantages on individuals. Research in the field and laboratory shows that sophisticated social cognition underlies social behavior in primate groups. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that the quality of social relationships has measurable fitness consequences for individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silk, Joan B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1347-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jsilk@anthro.ucla.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Primates/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werner, Milton H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):198-200; author reply 198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17436447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Financing, Government ; Forecasting ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Personnel/supply & distribution ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1365-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Community-Institutional Relations ; Pilot Projects ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education ; Program Evaluation/*standards ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):817-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government ; Foundations ; *Fund Raising ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berg, Paul -- Lehman, I R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1564.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. pberg@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):790.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Biotechnology ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Industry ; *Petroleum ; United States
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):782-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; *Conservation of Energy Resources ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Europe ; Fossil Fuels ; *Research ; United States
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB(1)R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB(1)Rs, identify endocannabinoids as axon guidance cues and demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling regulates synaptogenesis and target selection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berghuis, Paul -- Rajnicek, Ann M -- Morozov, Yury M -- Ross, Ruth A -- Mulder, Jan -- Urban, Gabriella M -- Monory, Krisztina -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Matteoli, Michela -- Canty, Alison -- Irving, Andrew J -- Katona, Istvan -- Yanagawa, Yuchio -- Rakic, Pasko -- Lutz, Beat -- Mackie, Ken -- Harkany, Tibor -- DA00286/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015916/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA11322/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1212-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/ultrastructure ; *Endocannabinoids ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrasonography ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrasonography ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology/ultrasonography ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frueh, B Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):184-7; author reply 184-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17225296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Psychometrics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs ; Veterans/*psychology ; Veterans Disability Claims ; *Vietnam Conflict
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berner, Robert A -- Vandenbrooks, John M -- Ward, Peter D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):557-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. robert.berner@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alligators and Crocodiles/embryology ; Animals ; *Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Extinction, Biological ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Locomotion ; Mollusca/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Plants/metabolism ; Swimming ; Time ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1062-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1352-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Peer Review, Research ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiek, Nicole C -- Halpin, Myra J -- Reiter, Jerome P -- Hoeffler, Leanne A -- Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D -- DA10904/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1871-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Chemistry/*education ; *Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacology/*education ; *Schools ; Teaching ; United States
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The SAX-3/roundabout (Robo) receptor has SLT-1/Slit-dependent and -independent functions in guiding cell and axon migrations. We identified enhancer of ventral-axon guidance defects of unc-40 mutants (EVA-1) as a Caenorhabditis elegans transmembrane receptor for SLT-1. EVA-1 has two predicted galactose-binding ectodomains, acts cell-autonomously for SLT-1/Slit-dependent axon migration functions of SAX-3/Robo, binds to SLT-1 and SAX-3, colocalizes with SAX-3 on cells, and provides cell specificity to the activation of SAX-3 signaling by SLT-1. Double mutants of eva-1 or slt-1 with sax-3 mutations suggest that SAX-3 can (when slt-1 or eva-1 function is reduced) inhibit a parallel-acting guidance mechanism, which involves UNC-40/deleted in colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisawa, Kazuko -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Culotti, Joseph G -- NS41397/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1934-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Nervous System/growth & development/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Drosophila male and female germline stem cells (GSCs) are sustained by niches and regulatory pathways whose common principles serve as models for understanding mammalian stem cells. Despite striking cellular and genetic similarities that suggest a common evolutionary origin, however, male and female GSCs also display important differences. Comparing these two stem cells and their niches in detail is likely to reveal how a common heritage has been adapted to the differing requirements of male and female gamete production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, Margaret T -- Spradling, Allan C -- P01DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Male ; Ovary/cytology ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/cytology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wisse, Brent E -- Kim, Francis -- Schwartz, Michael W -- DK073878/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK12829/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK61384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS3227/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK 068384/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK074758/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):928-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; *Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism/secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Leptin/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Obesity/etiology/*metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):927.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research/economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/*economics/organization & administration ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):750-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furcht, Leo T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):198-200; author reply 198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Financing, Government ; Forecasting ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: A U.S. farm policy shift to joint production of commodities and ecological services will advance sustainable agriculture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, N -- Boody, G -- Broussard, W -- Glover, J D -- Keeney, D -- McCown, B H -- McIsaac, G -- Muller, M -- Murray, H -- Neal, J -- Pansing, C -- Turner, R E -- Warner, K -- Wyse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1570-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55018, USA. jorda020@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Research ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Biological Warfare Agents ; *Bioterrorism ; *Peer Review, Research ; Research/*standards ; Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Christian -- Enberg, Katja -- Dunlop, Erin S -- Arlinghaus, Robert -- Boukal, David S -- Brander, Keith -- Ernande, Bruno -- Gardmark, Anna -- Johnston, Fiona -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Pardoe, Heidi -- Raab, Kristina -- Silva, Alexandra -- Vainikka, Anssi -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- Heino, Mikko -- Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen. christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: The first appearances of aragonite and calcite skeletons in 18 animal clades that independently evolved mineralization during the late Ediacaran through the Ordovician (approximately 550 to 444 million years ago) correspond to intervals when seawater chemistry favored aragonite and calcite precipitation, respectively. Skeletal mineralogies rarely changed once skeletons evolved, despite subsequent changes in seawater chemistry. Thus, the selection of carbonate skeletal minerals appears to have been dictated by seawater chemistry at the time a clade first acquired its mineralized skeleton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porter, Susannah M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. porter@geol.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Chemical Precipitation ; Crystallization ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/*chemistry ; Magnesium/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Career Mobility ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Data Collection ; *Education, Graduate ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Prejudice ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women, Working
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Prejudice ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):566-8; author reply 566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; *Directed Tissue Donation ; *Embryo Disposition ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Sampling Studies ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1845.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Warfare/prevention & control ; *Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Laboratories ; Research Support as Topic ; Russia ; Security Measures ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: We have used 19.9 million papers over 5 decades and 2.1 million patents to demonstrate that teams increasingly dominate solo authors in the production of knowledge. Research is increasingly done in teams across nearly all fields. Teams typically produce more frequently cited research than individuals do, and this advantage has been increasing over time. Teams now also produce the exceptionally high-impact research, even where that distinction was once the domain of solo authors. These results are detailed for sciences and engineering, social sciences, arts and humanities, and patents, suggesting that the process of knowledge creation has fundamentally changed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuchty, Stefan -- Jones, Benjamin F -- Uzzi, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1036-9. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern Institute on Complexity (NICO), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Databases as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Engineering ; Humanities ; *Knowledge ; *Patents as Topic ; Publishing/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Research/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Sociology ; United States
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Mentors/legislation & jurisprudence ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics/education/organization & administration ; *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Hospitals, Pediatric ; *Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pennsylvania ; *Research Personnel/education ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prentice, David A -- Tarne, Gene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*transplantation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Therapeutics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulf, William A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diffusion of Innovation ; *Technology ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):581.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Biological Warfare/*prevention & control ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Russia ; *Security Measures ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1049.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Data Collection ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; *Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1552.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/economics/prevention & control ; *Anti-HIV Agents/economics/therapeutic use ; *Budgets ; *Global Health ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Breeding ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prince, Alfred M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Breeding ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):816.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-HIV Agents/economics ; Brazil ; Drug Costs ; *Drug Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Drugs, Generic/economics ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Patents as Topic ; Thailand ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents ; *Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Humans ; *Laboratories/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Laboratory Infection ; Risk ; *Safety Management/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: To understand the constraints on biological diversity, we analyzed how selection and development interact to control the evolution of inflorescences, the branching structures that bear flowers. We show that a single developmental model accounts for the restricted range of inflorescence types observed in nature and that this model is supported by molecular genetic studies. The model predicts associations between inflorescence architecture, climate, and life history, which we validated empirically. Paths, or evolutionary wormholes, link different architectures in a multidimensional fitness space, but the rate of evolution along these paths is constrained by genetic and environmental factors, which explains why some evolutionary transitions are rare between closely related plant taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw -- Erasmus, Yvette -- Lane, Brendan -- Harder, Lawrence D -- Coen, Enrico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1452-6. Epub 2007 May 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Mathematics ; Meristem/growth & development ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1309-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/trends ; Facility Design and Construction/*economics ; Financing, Government/trends ; Health Policy/trends ; Laboratories/*economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/trends ; Schools, Medical/*economics ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The importance of trophic ecology in adaptation and evolution is well known, yet direct evidence that feeding controls microevolution over extended evolutionary time scales, available only from the fossil record, is conspicuously lacking. Through quantitative analysis of tooth microwear, we show that rapid evolutionary change in Miocene stickleback was associated with shifts in feeding, providing direct evidence from the fossil record for changes in trophic niche and resource exploitation driving directional, microevolutionary change over thousands of years. These results demonstrate the potential for tooth microwear analysis to provide powerful insights into trophic ecology during aquatic adaptive radiations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purnell, Mark A -- Bell, Michael A -- Baines, David C -- Hart, Paul J B -- Travis, Matthew P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. mark.purnell@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Paleodontology ; Phenotype ; *Smegmamorpha/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/*ultrastructure ; Tooth Attrition
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Engineering/*education ; Foreign Professional Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Science/*education ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- Lester, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/adverse effects ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; Research Design ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gentile, James M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Foundations ; Fund Raising ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras, constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome of an emerging cnidarian model, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The sea anemone genome is complex, with a gene repertoire, exon-intron structure, and large-scale gene linkage more similar to vertebrates than to flies or nematodes, implying that the genome of the eumetazoan ancestor was similarly complex. Nearly one-fifth of the inferred genes of the ancestor are eumetazoan novelties, which are enriched for animal functions like cell signaling, adhesion, and synaptic transmission. Analysis of diverse pathways suggests that these gene "inventions" along the lineage leading to animals were likely already well integrated with preexisting eukaryotic genes in the eumetazoan progenitor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Putnam, Nicholas H -- Srivastava, Mansi -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Dirks, Bill -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Salamov, Asaf -- Terry, Astrid -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lindquist, Erika -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Genikhovich, Grigory -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lucas, Susan M -- Steele, Robert E -- Finnerty, John R -- Technau, Ulrich -- Martindale, Mark Q -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- 5 P41 LM006252-09/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- THL007279F/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):86-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Adhesion ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Introns ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Multigene Family ; Muscles/physiology ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Sea Anemones/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Synteny
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Child ; Endocrine Disruptors/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):534-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Behavior ; *Computer Simulation ; *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Humans ; Iraq ; *Military Science ; *Research ; Social Values ; *Sociology ; Terrorism ; United States ; *Warfare
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):318-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Budgets ; *Exobiology/economics/organization & administration ; Financing, Government ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*standards ; *Conflict of Interest/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Industry ; *Guidelines as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics ; Research Personnel/ethics/*standards ; Societies, Scientific ; United States ; Universities/ethics/standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1856-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Crime/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Great Britain ; *Law Enforcement ; *Research Personnel ; Security Measures ; United States ; *Universities ; Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Health ; Expert Testimony ; Laboratories/manpower/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics/*organization & administration ; North Carolina ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Budgets ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nitriles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Triazoles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):970-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; *Bees/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Climate ; Diet ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Mites ; Pesticides ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Resistance to certain scientific ideas derives in large part from assumptions and biases that can be demonstrated experimentally in young children and that may persist into adulthood. In particular, both adults and children resist acquiring scientific information that clashes with common-sense intuitions about the physical and psychological domains. Additionally, when learning information from other people, both adults and children are sensitive to the trustworthiness of the source of that information. Resistance to science, then, is particularly exaggerated in societies where nonscientific ideologies have the advantages of being both grounded in common sense and transmitted by trustworthy sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Paul -- Weisberg, Deena Skolnick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Child ; *Culture ; Humans ; Intuition ; Learning ; Neurosciences ; Psychology ; *Science/education ; Trust ; United States
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):390; author reply 390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17947563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Glucuronidase/deficiency/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; *Models, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; Vitamin D/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; *Fishes ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Mercury/toxicity ; *Nutrition Policy ; *Pregnancy ; *Seafood ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; United States Public Health Service
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; *Guidelines as Topic ; *Microbiology ; Research/*standards ; *Security Measures ; United States
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; *Fossils ; Georgia (Republic) ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bienen, Henry S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Employment ; Federal Government ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is a posttranslational modification that is highly correlated with genomic silencing. Here we show that human UTX, a member of the Jumonji C family of proteins, is a di- and trimethyl H3K27 demethylase. UTX occupies the promoters of HOX gene clusters and regulates their transcriptional output by modulating the recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 and the monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Moreover, UTX associates with mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) 2/3 complexes, and during retinoic acid signaling events, the recruitment of the UTX complex to HOX genes results in H3K27 demethylation and a concomitant methylation of H3K4. Our results suggest a concerted mechanism for transcriptional activation in which cycles of H3K4 methylation by MLL2/3 are linked with the demethylation of H3K27 through UTX.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Min Gyu -- Villa, Raffaella -- Trojer, Patrick -- Norman, Jessica -- Yan, Kai-Ping -- Reinberg, Danny -- Di Croce, Luciano -- Shiekhattar, Ramin -- R01CA090758/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):447-50. Epub 2007 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Histone Demethylases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Multigene Family ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reis e Sousa, Caetano -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1376-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK. caetano@cancer.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/physiology/*virology ; Endosomes/immunology/virology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Viral/*immunology/metabolism ; Rhabdoviridae Infections/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology/physiology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/*physiology ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*immunology/physiology ; Virus Replication
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranganathan, Rama -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1253-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Green Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism ; Ligands ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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