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  • Male  (180)
  • Population Dynamics  (56)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (229)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-03-17
    Beschreibung: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-02-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Gian-Reto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.walther@uni-bayreuth.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Research Design ; Seasons ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-02-27
    Beschreibung: The Clovis complex is considered to be the oldest unequivocal evidence of humans in the Americas, dating between 11,500 and 10,900 radiocarbon years before the present (14C yr B.P.). Adjusted 14C dates and a reevaluation of the existing Clovis date record revise the Clovis time range to 11,050 to 10,800 14C yr B.P. In as few as 200 calendar years, Clovis technology originated and spread throughout North America. The revised age range for Clovis overlaps non-Clovis sites in North and South America. This and other evidence imply that humans already lived in the Americas before Clovis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waters, Michael R -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Anthropology and Geography, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA. mwaters@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Archaeology ; *Culture ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; North America ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-05-19
    Beschreibung: Although clownfish sounds were recorded as early as 1930, the mechanism of sound production has remained obscure. Yet, clownfish are prolific "singers" that produce a wide variety of sounds, described as "chirps" and "pops" in both reproductive and agonistic behavioral contexts. Here, we describe the sonic mechanism of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, Eric -- Colleye, Orphal -- Fine, Michael L -- Frederich, Bruno -- Vandewalle, Pierre -- Herrel, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Batiment B6, Universite de Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgique. E.Parmentier@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Jaw/physiology ; Ligaments/physiology ; Male ; Mouth/physiology ; Movement ; Perciformes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-10-27
    Beschreibung: Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jung-Kyoo -- Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algorithms ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-05-05
    Beschreibung: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in Western countries. We used genome-wide association scanning to identify a 58-kilobase interval on chromosome 9p21 that was consistently associated with CHD in six independent samples (more than 23,000 participants) from four Caucasian populations. This interval, which is located near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes, contains no annotated genes and is not associated with established CHD risk factors such as plasma lipoproteins, hypertension, or diabetes. Homozygotes for the risk allele make up 20 to 25% of Caucasians and have a approximately 30 to 40% increased risk of CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McPherson, Ruth -- Pertsemlidis, Alexander -- Kavaslar, Nihan -- Stewart, Alexandre -- Roberts, Robert -- Cox, David R -- Hinds, David A -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Folsom, Aaron R -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Hobbs, Helen H -- Cohen, Jonathan C -- HL-066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1488-91. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa K1Y4W7, Canada. rmcpherson@ottawaheart.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aged ; *Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Coronary Disease/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-12-08
    Beschreibung: The role of dopamine in monitoring negative action outcomes and feedback-based learning was tested in a neuroimaging study in humans grouped according to the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism DRD2-TAQ-IA. In a probabilistic learning task, A1-allele carriers with reduced dopamine D2 receptor densities learned to avoid actions with negative consequences less efficiently. Their posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), involved in feedback monitoring, responded less to negative feedback than others' did. Dynamically changing interactions between pMFC and hippocampus found to underlie feedback-based learning were reduced in A1-allele carriers. This demonstrates that learning from errors requires dopaminergic signaling. Dopamine D2 receptor reduction seems to decrease sensitivity to negative action consequences, which may explain an increased risk of developing addictive behaviors in A1-allele carriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Tilmann A -- Neumann, Jane -- Reuter, Martin -- Hennig, Jurgen -- von Cramon, D Yves -- Ullsperger, Markus -- R01MH74457/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. tklein@cbs.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alleles ; *Avoidance Learning ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/metabolism ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-08-25
    Beschreibung: The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konev, Alexander Y -- Tribus, Martin -- Park, Sung Yeon -- Podhraski, Valerie -- Lim, Chin Yan -- Emelyanov, Alexander V -- Vershilova, Elena -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kadonaga, James T -- Lusser, Alexandra -- Fyodorov, Dmitry V -- GM58272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM74233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y 275/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Haploidy ; Histone Chaperones ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-05-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkel, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control ; Adult ; Asphyxia/*etiology ; Australia ; *Containment of Biohazards ; *Environment, Controlled ; Humans ; *Laboratories/standards ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-07-07
    Beschreibung: Understanding the relationship between diversity and stability requires a knowledge of how species interact with each other and how each is affected by the environment. The relationship is also complex, because the concept of stability is multifaceted; different types of stability describing different properties of ecosystems lead to multiple diversity-stability relationships. A growing number of empirical studies demonstrate positive diversity-stability relationships. These studies, however, have emphasized only a few types of stability, and they rarely uncover the mechanisms responsible for stability. Because anthropogenic changes often affect stability and diversity simultaneously, diversity-stability relationships cannot be understood outside the context of the environmental drivers affecting both. This shifts attention away from diversity-stability relationships toward the multiple factors, including diversity, that dictate the stability of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Anthony R -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):58-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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