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  • Articles  (77)
  • Models, Biological  (77)
  • 2005-2009  (77)
  • 2005  (77)
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  • Articles  (77)
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  • 2005-2009  (77)
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  • 1
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    Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Territorial behavior is expected to buffer populations against short-term environmental perturbations, but we have found that group living in African lions causes a complex response to long-term ecological change. Despite numerous gradual changes in prey availability and vegetative cover, regional populations of Serengeti lions remained stable for 10- to 20-year periods and only shifted to new equilibria in sudden leaps. Although gradually improving environmental conditions provided sufficient resources to permit the subdivision of preexisting territories, regional lion populations did not expand until short-term conditions supplied enough prey to generate large cohorts of surviving young. The results of a simulation model show that the observed pattern of "saltatory equilibria" results from the lions' grouping behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Packer, Craig -- Hilborn, Ray -- Mosser, Anna -- Kissui, Bernard -- Borner, Markus -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Wilmshurst, John -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. packer@cbs.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Antelopes ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Social Behavior ; Stochastic Processes ; Tanzania ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Chromatic adaptation of photosynthetic membranes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: Many biological membranes adapt in response to environmental conditions. We investigated how the composition and architecture of photosynthetic membranes of a bacterium change in response to light, using atomic force microscopy. Despite large modifications in the membrane composition, the local environment of core complexes remained unaltered, whereas specialized paracrystalline light-harvesting antenna domains grew under low-light conditions. Thus, the protein mixture in the membrane shows eutectic behavior and can be mimicked by a simple model. Such structural adaptation ensures efficient photon capture under low-light conditions and prevents photodamage under high-light conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheuring, Simon -- Sturgis, James N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):484-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Curie, Unite Mixte de Recherche-CNRS 168, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. simon.scheuring@curie.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Bacterial Chromatophores/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Bacteriochlorophylls/analysis ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; *Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/analysis/*chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; *Photosynthesis ; Protein Subunits/analysis ; Rhodospirillum/chemistry/growth & development/*physiology/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    An entomopathogenic fungus for control of adult African malaria mosquitoes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Biological control of malaria mosquitoes in Africa has rarely been used in vector control programs. Recent developments in this field show that certain fungi are virulent to adult Anopheles mosquitoes. Practical delivery of an entomopathogenic fungus that infected and killed adult Anopheles gambiae, Africa's main malaria vector, was achieved in rural African village houses. An entomological inoculation rate model suggests that implementation of this vector control method, even at the observed moderate coverage during a field study in Tanzania, would significantly reduce malaria transmission intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholte, Ernst-Jan -- Ng'habi, Kija -- Kihonda, Japheth -- Takken, Willem -- Paaijmans, Krijn -- Abdulla, Salim -- Killeen, Gerry F -- Knols, Bart G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1641-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Post Office Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Culex/microbiology/physiology ; Female ; Housing ; *Hypocreales/pathogenicity/physiology ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; *Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium ; Spores, Fungal ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: The activation dynamics of the transcription factor NF-kappaB exhibit damped oscillatory behavior when cells are stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) but stable behavior when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) causes activation of NF-kappaB that requires two downstream pathways, each of which when isolated exhibits damped oscillatory behavior. Computational modeling of the two TLR4-dependent signaling pathways suggests that one pathway requires a time delay to establish early anti-phase activation of NF-kappaB by the two pathways. The MyD88-independent pathway required Inferon regulatory factor 3-dependent expression of TNFalpha to activate NF-kappaB, and the time required for TNFalpha synthesis established the delay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Covert, Markus W -- Leung, Thomas H -- Gaston, Jahlionais E -- Baltimore, David -- GM039458-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1854-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/deficiency/physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 ; Kinetics ; Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cryo-electron tomography reveals the cytoskeletal structure of Spiroplasma melliferum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Evidence has accumulated recently that not only eukaryotes but also bacteria can have a cytoskeleton. We used cryo-electron tomography to study the three-dimensional structure of Spiroplasma melliferum cells in a close-to-native state at approximately 4-nanometer resolution. We showed that these cells possess two types of filaments arranged in three parallel ribbons underneath the cell membrane. These two filamentous structures are built of the fibril protein and possibly the actin-like protein MreB. On the basis of our structural data, we could model the motility modes of these cells and explain how helical Mollicutes can propel themselves by means of coordinated length changes of their cytoskeletal ribbons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurner, Julia -- Frangakis, Achilleas S -- Baumeister, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/analysis ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Computer Simulation ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Spiroplasma/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Tomography
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Phenotypic diversity, population growth, and information in fluctuating environments (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: Organisms in fluctuating environments must constantly adapt their behavior to survive. In clonal populations, this may be achieved through sensing followed by response or through the generation of diversity by stochastic phenotype switching. Here we show that stochastic switching can be favored over sensing when the environment changes infrequently. The optimal switching rates then mimic the statistics of environmental changes. We derive a relation between the long-term growth rate of the organism and the information available about its fluctuating environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kussell, Edo -- Leibler, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2075-8. Epub 2005 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Living Matter and Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 34, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. kussele@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The molecular requirements for cytokinesis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: After anaphase onset, animal cells build an actomyosin contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane to generate two daughter cells connected by a cytoplasmic bridge. The bridge is ultimately severed to complete cytokinesis. Myriad techniques have been used to identify proteins that participate in cytokinesis in vertebrates, insects, and nematodes. A conserved core of about 20 proteins are individually involved with cytokinesis in most animal cells. These components are found in the contractile ring, on the central spindle, within the RhoA pathway, and on vesicles that expand the membrane and sever the bridge. Cytokinesis involves additional proteins, but they, or their requirement in cytokinesis, are not conserved among animal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glotzer, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1735-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. BohrGasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. mglotzer@imp.univie.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; *Cytokinesis/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes ; Membrane Fusion/physiology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Myosins/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting. With flippers, two can equal four (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extremities/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Reptiles/*physiology ; *Robotics ; *Swimming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Evolution. Is invariance across animal species just an illusion? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Jong, Gerdien -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Population Biology Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. g.dejong@bio.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Growth ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Regression Analysis ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: A key unresolved question in population ecology concerns the relationship between a population's size and its growth rate. We estimated this relationship for 1780 time series of mammals, birds, fish, and insects. We found that rates of population growth are high at low population densities but, contrary to previous predictions, decline rapidly with increasing population size and then flatten out, for all four taxa. This produces a strongly concave relationship between a population's growth rate and its size. These findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of animals' lives, suggesting in particular that many animals in these taxa will be found living at densities above the carrying capacity of their environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibly, Richard M -- Barker, Daniel -- Denham, Michael C -- Hone, Jim -- Pagel, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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