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  • 1
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    Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-11-29
    Beschreibung: The estimation of the reward an action will yield is critical in decision-making. To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in this process, we recorded striatal neurons of monkeys who chose between left and right handle turns, based on the estimated reward probabilities of the actions. During a delay period before the choices, the activity of more than one-third of striatal projection neurons was selective to the values of one of the two actions. Fewer neurons were tuned to relative values or action choice. These results suggest representation of action values in the striatum, which can guide action selection in the basal ganglia circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samejima, Kazuyuki -- Ueda, Yasumasa -- Doya, Kenji -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Neurobiology, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 619-0288 Kyoto, Japan. samejima@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    NIH training grants. Universities may have to pay more in support of graduate training (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-12-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Budgets ; Education, Graduate/*economics ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Training Support ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-11
    Beschreibung: We show that inferences of competence based solely on facial appearance predicted the outcomes of U.S. congressional elections better than chance (e.g., 68.8% of the Senate races in 2004) and also were linearly related to the margin of victory. These inferences were specific to competence and occurred within a 1-second exposure to the faces of the candidates. The findings suggest that rapid, unreflective trait inferences can contribute to voting choices, which are widely assumed to be based primarily on rational and deliberative considerations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todorov, Alexander -- Mandisodza, Anesu N -- Goren, Amir -- Hall, Crystal C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1623-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. atodorov@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Character ; Decision Making ; *Face/anatomy & histology ; Federal Government ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Judgment ; Leadership ; Male ; *Mental Competency ; *Politics ; *Social Perception ; Stereotyping ; Trust ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Scientific publication. HHS Asks PNAS to pull bioterrorism paper (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Botulinum Toxins ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Milk ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Savannah River Lab faces budget ax (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-03-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1857.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Budgets ; *Ecology ; Georgia ; *Laboratories ; Radioactive Pollutants ; *Rivers ; United States ; United States Government Agencies ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Science and society. Smithsonian gives grudging ok to film backing ID argument (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-06-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Earth (Planet) ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; *Museums ; Natural History ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Neuroscience. Preventing Alzheimer's: a lifelong commitment? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-08-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Education ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; *Mental Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-10-29
    Beschreibung: Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements have not been well characterized in common carcinomas. We used a bioinformatics approach to discover candidate oncogenic chromosomal aberrations on the basis of outlier gene expression. Two ETS transcription factors, ERG and ETV1, were identified as outliers in prostate cancer. We identified recurrent gene fusions of the 5' untranslated region of TMPRSS2 to ERG or ETV1 in prostate cancer tissues with outlier expression. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that 23 of 29 prostate cancer samples harbor rearrangements in ERG or ETV1. Cell line experiments suggest that the androgen-responsive promoter elements of TMPRSS2 mediate the overexpression of ETS family members in prostate cancer. These results have implications in the development of carcinomas and the molecular diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomlins, Scott A -- Rhodes, Daniel R -- Perner, Sven -- Dhanasekaran, Saravana M -- Mehra, Rohit -- Sun, Xiao-Wei -- Varambally, Sooryanarayana -- Cao, Xuhong -- Tchinda, Joelle -- Kuefer, Rainer -- Lee, Charles -- Montie, James E -- Shah, Rajal B -- Pienta, Kenneth J -- Rubin, Mark A -- Chinnaiyan, Arul M -- 5P30 CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA69568/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA97063/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01AG21404/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- UO1 CA111275-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):644-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Androgens/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Trans-Activators/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Scientific misconduct. Researcher faces prison for fraud in NIH grant applications and papers (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-03-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1851.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fraud ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Menopause ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Publishing ; *Research Support as Topic ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-01-22
    Beschreibung: Territorial behavior is expected to buffer populations against short-term environmental perturbations, but we have found that group living in African lions causes a complex response to long-term ecological change. Despite numerous gradual changes in prey availability and vegetative cover, regional populations of Serengeti lions remained stable for 10- to 20-year periods and only shifted to new equilibria in sudden leaps. Although gradually improving environmental conditions provided sufficient resources to permit the subdivision of preexisting territories, regional lion populations did not expand until short-term conditions supplied enough prey to generate large cohorts of surviving young. The results of a simulation model show that the observed pattern of "saltatory equilibria" results from the lions' grouping behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Packer, Craig -- Hilborn, Ray -- Mosser, Anna -- Kissui, Bernard -- Borner, Markus -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Wilmshurst, John -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. packer@cbs.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algorithms ; Animals ; Antelopes ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Social Behavior ; Stochastic Processes ; Tanzania ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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