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  • 1
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, Wiley, 32(L10618), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Beschreibung: A continuous high-resolution record of digital images has been obtained from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core (75.1N, 42.3W) in the depth interval from 1330 m to the bedrock at 3085 m. The ice core stratigraphy is clearly visible throughout the glacial period with the most frequent and brightest visible layers appearing during the coldest events. Down to a depth of 2600 m the horizontal layeringis very regular; below this depth, small irregularities in the layering start to appear, and below 2800 m the visual stratigraphy becomes more uncertain, perhaps because of penetration into climatically warmer ice. Comparison of the visual stratigraphy with high-resolution continuous records of chemical impurities and dust reveals a high degree of correlation, which indicates that the visible layers are caused by these impurities. Anew approach is used to automatically determine annual layer thicknesses from the visual stratigraphy record by carrying out a frequency analysis of the most prominent visible layers in the profile. The result gives strong support for the NorthGRIP timescale model.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: In this study we show a teleconnection pattern relating Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) anomalies over the western Pacific Ocean and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the western Indian Ocean over two seasons (Sept-Oct-Nov and Dec-Jan-Feb) at zero lag from observations and atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) integrations. This teleconnection pattern suggests that a positive SSTA in Sept-Oct-Nov (SON) and Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) seasons over the western Indian Ocean increases the contemporaneous positive OLR anomalies over the western Pacific Ocean. This teleconnection pattern is also simulated by the Center for Ocean-Land- Atmosphere studies (COLA) AGCM forced with observed SST’s. From the experimental COLA AGCM runs (wherein the Pacific Ocean SST variability is suppressed except for the climatological annual cycle) it is diagnosed that the interannual variability of OLR over the western Pacific Ocean persists because of this teleconnection. In relation to this teleconnection pattern it is shown that there is a significant linear response of the SON and DJF equatorial zonal wind anomaly over the Pacific Ocean to contemporaneous SSTA over the western Indian Ocean which is comparable to that of the eastern and western Pacific Oceans. The experimental AGCM runs clearly show that this response of the equatorial zonal wind anomaly to the western Indian Ocean forcing shifts westward towards the Indian Ocean in the absence of Pacific SST variability.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Sea surface temperature ; Atmospheric conditions ; Teleconnections
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 759939 bytes
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  • 4
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    American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Skill in ensemble-mean dynamical seasonal climate hindcasts with a coupled land-atmosphere model and specified observed sea surface temperature is compared to that for long multi-decade integrations of the same model where the initial conditions are far removed from the seasons of validation. The evaluations are performed for surface temperature and compared among all seasons. Skill is found to be higher in the seasonal simulations than the multi-decadal integrations except during boreal winter. The higher skill is prominent even beyond the first month when the direct influence of the atmospheric initial state elevates model skill. Skill is generally found to be lowest during the winter season for the dynamical seasonal forecasts, equal to that of the long integrations, which show some of the highest skill during winter. The reason for the differences in skill during the non-winter months is attributed to the severe climate drift in the long simulations, manifest through errors in downward fluxes of water and energy over land and evident in soil wetness. The drift presses the land surface to extreme dry or wet states over much of the globe, into a range where there is little sensitivity of evaporation to fluctuations in soil moisture. Thus, the land-atmosphere feedback is suppressed, which appears to lessen the model’s ability to respond correctly over land to remote ocean temperature anomalies.
    Beschreibung: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere-ocean system
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 503454 bytes
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: In this paper, the circulations driven by deep heating and shallow heating are investigated through analytically solving a set of linear equations and examining circulations simulated by a dry primitive equation model. Special emphasis is placed on the low-level mass (moisture) convergence associated with the forced circulation and the maintenance of the shallow and deep heat sources. It is found that the forced circulation driven by shallow heating is more likely to be trapped horizontally near the heating area but relatively extended in the vertical. As a consequence, diabatic heating can not balance adiabatic cooling due to upward motion. At the levels slightly above the top of the heating, a negative vertical gradient of temperature perturbation appears. For the atmosphere driven by deep heating, however, the temperature perturbation cannot accumulate because the heating signals propagate away very fast, allowing an approximate equilibrium between the convective diabatic heating and adiabatic cooling due to upward motion. The converged moisture associated with circulation driven by shallow heating exceeds the amount needed to maintain the heat source. However, the circulation driven by deep heating does not feed back effectively to the moisture convergence, and thus can not be self-sustaining.
    Beschreibung: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies - Calverton
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Atmospheric circulation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 637515 bytes
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: 1. Seahorses (Hippocampus spp.), many of which are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered on the IUCN Red List, are traded worldwide as souvenirs, aquarium fish and, primarily, for use in traditional medicines. Given concern over the sustainability of this trade, the genus was added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in May 2004. 2. This paper reports findings of the first ever survey of seahorse trade in Africa, conducted in Kenya and Tanzania in May and June 2000. 3. Seahorse trade in Kenya was found to be negligible, with approximately 10 live seahorses exported as aquarium fish annually. Until 1998, however, Kenya may have imported somewhere from 1 to 2.3 t of dried seahorses annually from Tanzania for re-export to Asian medicine markets. Seahorse trade in Tanzania remained substantial, with at least 630–930 kg of dried seahorse exported directly to Asia each year. 4. Accounts of declines in seahorse availability and seahorse size, although few in number, could be early warning signs that wild populations are suffering, at least locally. Close monitoring of future developments in the trade will be essential to allow for timely conservation action as and when necessary, and would contribute to our understanding of the ecological and economical implications of small-scale, non-food fisheries. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Hippocampus spp ; By catch ; Non-food fisheries ; Seahorse trade ; Endangered species ; Aquatic animals
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 438174 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-18
    Beschreibung: Marine ecosystem engineers such as seagrasses and bivalves create important coastal habitats sustaining high biodiversity and ecosystem services. Restoring these habitats is difficult due to the importance of feedback mechanisms that can require large-scale efforts to ensure success. Incorporating facilitative interactions could increase the feasibility and success of small-scale restoration efforts, which would limit pressure on donor sites and reduce costs and time associated with restoration. Here, we tested two methods for providing facilitation in small-scale eelgrass (Zostera marina) restoration plots across northern Europe: (1) co-restoration with blue mussels (Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus); and (2) the use of biodegradable establishment structures (BESEs). Eelgrass-mussel co-restoration showed promise in aquaria, where eelgrass growth was nearly twice as high in treatments with medium and high mussel densities than in treatments without mussels. However, this did not translate to higher shoot length or shoot densities in subsequent field experiments. Rather, hydrodynamic exposure limited both eelgrass and mussel survival, especially in the most exposed sites. The use of BESEs showed more potential in enabling small-scale restoration success: they effectively enhanced eelgrass survival and reduced mussel loss, and showed potential for enabling mussel recruitment in one site. However, eelgrass planted in BESE plots along with mussels had a lower survival rate than eelgrass planted in BESE plots without mussels. Overall, we show that though co-restoration did not work at small scales, facilitation by using artificial structures (BESEs) can increase early eelgrass survival and success of small-scale eelgrass and bivalve restoration.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-22
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-22
    Beschreibung: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ecological stability refers to a family of concepts used to describe how systems of interacting species vary through time and respond to disturbances. Because observed ecological stability depends on sampling scales and environmental context, it is notoriously difficult to compare measurements across sites and systems. Here, we apply stochastic dynamical systems theory to derive general statistical scaling relationships across time, space, and ecological level of organisation for three fundamental stability aspects: resilience, resistance, and invariance. These relationships can be calibrated using random or representative samples measured at individual scales, and projected to predict average stability at other scales across a wide range of contexts. Moreover deviations between observed vs. extrapolated scaling relationships can reveal information about unobserved heterogeneity across time, space, or species. We anticipate that these methods will be useful for cross‐study synthesis of stability data, extrapolating measurements to unobserved scales, and identifying underlying causes and consequences of heterogeneity.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: Study of the climate in the Mediterranean basin during different historical periods has taken on a particular importance, particularly regarding its role (together with other factors) in the evolution of human settlement patterns. Although the Roman age is traditionally considered a period with a favourable climate, recent studies have revealed considerable complexity in terms of regional climate variations. In this paper, we compare the hydrological change from speleothem proxy records with flood reconstructions from archaeological sites for Northern Tuscany (central Italy). We identify a period of oscillating climatic conditions culminating in a multidecadal dry event during the 1st century BC, followed by a century of increased precipitation at the beginning of the Roman Empire and subsequently a return to drier conditions in the 2nd century AD. The period of rainfall increase documented by the speleothems agrees with both the archaeological flood record as well as historical flood data available for the Tiber River, ca. 300 km to the south. These data also suggest a return to wetter conditions following the 3nd and 4rd centuries AD.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 791-802
    Beschreibung: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): climate changes ; geoarchaeology ; palaeoflooding ; Roman Age ; Hydrological changes during the Roman Climatic Optimum
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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