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  • Life Sciences (General)  (497)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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  • 2000-2004  (497)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
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    Research progress and accomplishments on International Space Station (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The first research payloads reached the International Space Station (ISS) more than two years ago, with research operating continuously since March 2001. Seven research racks are currently on-orbit, with three more arriving soon to expand science capabilities. Through the first five expeditions, 60 unique NASA-managed investigations from 11 nations have been supported, many continuing into later missions. More than 90,000 experiment hours have been completed, and more than 1,000 hours of crew time have been dedicated to research, numbers that grow daily. The multidisciplinary program includes research in life sciences, physical sciences, biotechnology, Earth sciences, technology demonstrations as well as commercial endeavors and educational activities. The Payload Operations and Integration Center monitors the onboard activities around the clock, working with numerous Principal Investigators and Payload Developers at their remote sites. Future years will see expansion of the station with research modules provided by the European Space Agency and Japan, which will be outfitted with additional research racks. c2003 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Acta astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765); Volume 53; 4-10; 665-80
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  • 2
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    Transmission measurement based on STM observation to detect the penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples was detected with a new transmission measurement. In the measurement, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) pieces were placed behind the botanic samples with certain thickness. During the irradiation of heavy ions with energy of tens of keV, the energetic particles transmitted from those samples were received by the HOPG pieces. After irradiation, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was applied to observe protrusion-like damage induced by these transmitted ions on the surface of the HOPG. The statistical average number density of protrusions and the minimum transmission rate of the low-energy heavy ions can be obtained. The detection efficiency of the new method for low-energy heavy ions was about 0.1-1 and the background in the measurement can be reduced to as low as 1.0 x 10(8) protrusions/cm2. With this method, the penetration depth of the energetic particles was detected to be no less than 60 micrometers in kidney bean slices when the slices were irradiated by 100 keVAr+ ion at the fluence of 5 x 10(16) ions/cm2. c2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Radiation measurements (ISSN 1350-4487); Volume 37; 1; 9-14
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  • 3
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    Fighting fire with fire: new test standard benefits medical oxygen regulator designers and users (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: No abstract available
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Stand News (ISSN 1094-4656); Volume 31; 7; 42-5
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  • 4
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    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Der f 2, a potent allergen derived from the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Although a number of allergens have been identified and isolated, the underlying molecular basis for the potent immune response is poorly understood. House dust mites (Dermatophagoides sp.) are ubiquitous contributors to atopy in developed countries. The rhinitis, dermatitis and asthma associated with allergic reactions to these arthropods are frequently caused by relatively small (125-129 amino acids) mite proteins of unknown biological function. Der f 2, a major allergen from the mite D. farinae, has been recombinantly expressed, characterized and crystallized. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group I4(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 95.2, c = 103.3 A. An essentially complete (97.2%) data set has been collected to 2.4 A at a synchrotron source. Attempts to solve the crystal structure of Der f 2 by molecular replacement using the NMR coordinates for either Der f 2 or Der p 2 (the homologous protein from D. pteronyssinus) failed, but preliminary searches using the crystalline Der p 2 atomic coordinates appear to be promising.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography (ISSN 0907-4449); Volume 59; Pt 6; 1046-8
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  • 5
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    Effects of carbonyl bond, metal cluster dissociation, and evaporation rates on predictions of nanotube production in high-pressure carbon monoxide (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) process for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) uses iron pentacarbonyl as the source of iron for catalyzing the Boudouard reaction. Attempts using nickel tetracarbonyl led to no production of SWNTs. This paper discusses simulations at a constant condition of 1300 K and 30 atm in which the chemical rate equations are solved for different reaction schemes. A lumped cluster model is developed to limit the number of species in the models, yet it includes fairly large clusters. Reaction rate coefficients in these schemes are based on bond energies of iron and nickel species and on estimates of chemical rates for formation of SWNTs. SWNT growth is measured by the conformation of CO2. It is shown that the production of CO2 is significantly greater for FeCO because of its lower bond energy as compared with that of NiCO. It is also shown that the dissociation and evaporation rates of atoms from small metal clusters have a significant effect on CO2 production. A high rate of evaporation leads to a smaller number of metal clusters available to catalyze the Boudouard reaction. This suggests that if CO reacts with metal clusters and removes atoms from them by forming MeCO, this has the effect of enhancing the evaporation rate and reducing SWNT production. The study also investigates some other reactions in the model that have a less dramatic influence.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology (ISSN 1533-4880); Volume 3; 1-2; 75-9
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  • 6
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    An evaluation of microbial growth and corrosion of 316L SS in glycol/seawater mixtures (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Glycol/seawater mixtures containing 〉 50% glycol inhibit corrosion of 316L stainless steel and do not support bacterial growth. The results indicate bacteria are able to use low concentrations of glycol (10%) as a growth medium, but bacterial growth decreased with increasing glycol concentration. Pitting potential, determined by anodic polarization, was used to evaluate susceptibility of 316L SS to corrosion in seawater-contaminated glycol. Mixture containing a minimum concentration of 50% propylene glycol-based coolant inhibited pitting corrosion. A slightly higher minimum concentration (55%) was needed for corrosion protection in ethylene glycol mixtures.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Biofouling (ISSN 0892-7014); Volume 19 Suppl; 151-60
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  • 7
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    A short pulse of mechanical force induces gene expression and growth in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts via an ERK 1/2 pathway (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Physiological mechanical loading is crucial for maintenance of bone integrity and architecture. We have calculated the strain caused by gravity stress on osteoblasts and found that 4-30g corresponds to physiological levels of 40-300 microstrain. Short-term gravity loading (15 minutes) induced a 15-fold increase in expression of growth-related immediate early gene c-fos, a 5-fold increase in egr-1, and a 3-fold increase in autocrine bFGF. The non-growth-related genes EP-1, TGF-beta, and 18s were unaffected by gravity loading. Short-term physiological loading induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner with maximum phosphorylation saturating at mechanical loading levels of 12g (p 〈 0.001) with no effect on total ERK. The phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was unaffected by mechanical force. g-Loading did not activate P38 MAPK or c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Additionally, a gravity pulse resulted in the localization of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 to the nucleus; this did not occur in unloaded cells. The induction of c-fos was inhibited 74% by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (p 〈 0.001) but was not affected by MEK1 or p38 MAPK-specific inhibitors. The long-term consequence of a single 15-minute gravity pulse was a 64% increase in cell growth (p 〈 0.001). U0126 significantly inhibited gravity-induced growth by 50% (p 〈 0.001). These studies suggest that short periods of physiological mechanical stress induce immediate early gene expression and growth in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts primarily through an ERK 1/2-mediated pathway.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISSN 0884-0431); Volume 18; 1; 58-66
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  • 8
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    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant human acid beta-glucocerebrosidase, a treatment for Gaucher's disease (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Acid beta-glucocerebrosidase (N-acylsphingosyl-1-O-beta-D-glucoside:glucohydrolase) is a lysosomal glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycolipid glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide. Inadequate levels of this enzyme underly the pathophysiology of Gaucher's disease. Cerezyme (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA) is a partially deglycosylated form of recombinant human acid beta-glucocerebrosidase that is used in the treatment of Gaucher patients. Although acid beta-glucocerebrosidase belongs to a large family of glycosidases, relatively little is known regarding its structural biology. Here, the crystallization and the initial diffraction analysis of Cerezyme are reported. The crystals are C-centered orthorhombic, with unit-cell parameters a = 285.0, b = 110.2, c = 91.7 A. A 99.9% complete data set has been collected to 2.75 A with an R(sym) of 8.8%.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography (ISSN 0907-4449); Volume 59; Pt 2; 343-4
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  • 9
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    Noninvasive identification of the total peripheral resistance baroreflex (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: We propose two identification algorithms for quantitating the total peripheral resistance (TPR) baroreflex, an important contributor to short-term arterial blood pressure (ABP) regulation. Each algorithm analyzes beat-to-beat fluctuations in ABP and cardiac output, which may both be obtained noninvasively in humans. For a theoretical evaluation, we applied both algorithms to a realistic cardiovascular model. The results contrasted with only one of the algorithms proving to be reliable. This algorithm was able to track changes in the static gains of both the arterial and cardiopulmonary TPR baroreflex. We then applied both algorithms to a preliminary set of human data and obtained contrasting results much like those obtained from the cardiovascular model, thereby making the theoretical evaluation results more meaningful. This study suggests that, with experimental testing, the reliable identification algorithm may provide a powerful, noninvasive means for quantitating the TPR baroreflex. This study also provides an example of the role that models can play in the development and initial evaluation of algorithms aimed at quantitating important physiological mechanisms.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology (ISSN 0363-6135); Volume 284; 3; H947-59
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  • 10
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    Validation of measurements of ventilation-to-perfusion ratio inequality in the lung from expired gas (2003)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The analysis of the gas in a single expirate has long been used to estimate the degree of ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) inequality in the lung. To further validate this estimate, we examined three measures of Va/Q inhomogeneity calculated from a single full exhalation in nine anesthetized mongrel dogs under control conditions and after exposure to aerosolized methacholine. These measurements were then compared with arterial blood gases and with measurements of Va/Q inhomogeneity obtained using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The slope of the instantaneous respiratory exchange ratio (R slope) vs. expired volume was poorly correlated with independent measures, probably because of the curvilinear nature of the relationship due to continuing gas exchange. When R was converted to the intrabreath Va/Q (iV/Q), the best index was the slope of iV/Q vs. volume over phase III (iV/Q slope). This was strongly correlated with independent measures, especially those relating to inhomogeneity of perfusion. The correlations for iV/Q slope and R slope considerably improved when only the first half of phase III was considered. We conclude that a useful noninvasive measurement of Va/Q inhomogeneity can be derived from the intrabreath respiratory exchange ratio.
    Schlagwort(e): Life Sciences (General)
    Materialart: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 94; 3; 1186-92
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