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  • American Physical Society  (10,570)
  • Emerald  (3,747)
  • 2000-2004  (14,317)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
  • 2003  (14,317)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 2000-2004  (14,317)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiences with multiskilling among non-union craft workers in US industrial construction projects (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 374-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Multiskilling refers to a labour utilization strategy in which workers learn multiple skills in one or more trades outside of their primary trade. Over 700 non-union craft workers across the USA were surveyed as part of a research effort. The data collected show that a slight increase in the breadth of skills positively impacts a worker's hourly wage, but only a weak relationship was found between multiskilling and more continuous employment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509345
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilettantes, discipline and discourse: requirements management for construction (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 354-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Requirements management (RM), as practised in the aerospace and defence sectors, attracts interest from construction researchers in response to longstanding problems of project definition. Doubts are expressed whether RM offers a new discipline for construction practitioners or whether it repeats previous exhortations to adopt a more disciplined way of working. Whilst systems engineering has an established track record of addressing complex technical problems, its extension to socially complex problems has been challenged. The dominant storyline of RM is one of procedural rationality and RM is commonly presented as a means of controlling dilettante behaviour. Interviews with RM practitioners suggest a considerable gulf between the dominant storyline in the literature and how practitioners operate in practice. The paper challenges construction researchers interested in RM to reflect more upon the theoretical debates that underpin current equivalent practices in construction and the disparity between espoused and enacted practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310502964
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knowledge management in consulting engineering - joining IT and human resources to support the production of knowledge (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This article discusses how information technology and human resource oriented management tools can be integrated using their respective strengths to enable knowledge production. Two companies' KM strategies encompassing a strong IT-component in combination with organisation, training and office design are analysed. Their experience shows that joining information technology with the human resource oriented tools is a necessary precondition for success in KM-efforts. Second, in the large company, there is still a relative overemphasis on "circumstantial" frames for knowledge production and too little focus on dynamics in knowledge producing processes. In contrast, the medium sized company is experimenting with soft tools used directly in the processes of the customer-oriented projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509363
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the analytic hierarchy process to prioritise irrigation asset renewals: the case of the La Khe irrigation scheme, Vietnam (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 382-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In recent years, many organisations responsible for economic infrastructure have developed asset management systems to improve the financial and service performance of their facilities. Asset management is an integrated approach to improving the ability of an irrigation system to deliver water at a defined level of service in the most cost-effective manner. This paper describes how the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to identify priorities for asset renewals in the La Khe irrigation scheme in North Vietnam. The AHP methodology was coupled with the expected maximum utility (EMU) to evaluate renewal priorities of assets grouped by types and by location within the hydraulic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509354
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marketing and architects in South Africa (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 402-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: There is a general sentiment against the idea of marketing among architectural professionals. This paper argues for the necessity of a marketing approach particularly in times where the workload is declining. This paper looks at the marketing strategies that the Western Cape architects follow. It examines their efforts in building a successful marketing portfolio that defines marketing targets, utilizes proper marketing tools, and carry on helpful image building tasks. The data were collected using a mailed questionnaire to all principals of architectural offices in the Western Cape Province. The concluding section relates these strategies with the perception of growth over a five-year period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509372
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rule induction in productivity analysis: a rough set approach (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper describes the application of rough set theory to equipment productivity estimate. Rough set theory offers a novel approach both in generation of rules and statistical classification of the equipment productivity data. The approach is based on upper and lower approximations of a set in terms of positive, negative and boundary regions. The information about the equipment productivity is organized in productivity information table. The table contains data about the object of interest characterized in terms of some attributes. The paper is more of an exploratory research to determine how rough set theory can be applicable to specific construction engineering problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509381
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeting optimum value in public sector projects through "best value"-focused contractor selection (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 418-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Procuring best value should be one of the key objectives in public sector construction projects. Best value depends upon sound "selection" strategies which ensure that the outlined project procurement objectives, including client/user demands are met. Examples of "best value" procurement are presented to demonstrate their usefulness and acceptance in principle. Further conceptualizations of various aspects of best value and the "dominance vectors" influencing the ultimate value definitions are developed, in accordance with basic public sector procurement principles. Presents a structured best value based contractor selection framework to optimize realizable value in public sector construction projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310509390
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of the variability of project planning on cost commitment curves: a case study (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Standard value/cost flow models (often referred to as S-curves) are widely used in cash flow forecasting, particularly at the tender stage. A substantial amount of research has concentrated on improving the accuracy of these curves. Categorizing construction projects into groups and subgroups has helped, but the fact remains that different construction projects possess different profiles of cost flow. This paper is an attempt at assessing the extent of influence of planning and programming the work on the cost flow curves. One real project was used as a case study and four planners were independently asked to produce programmes for executing the project. These programmes were analysed and converted to cost flow curves using one database of productivity and unit cost rates. Results confirmed that the variations in programmes produced less variations in cost flow curves than the errors to be expected from the use of average curves derived from project groups (mean SDY 2.88 compared to previous studies of 5.5, 8.5 and 10.67). The results suggest, taking due account of the limitations of the scope of the study, that further effort at the categorisation of projects into subgroups will result in a reasonable improvement in accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466514
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hong Kong construction foremen's safety responsibilities: a case study of management oversight (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In total, 69 foremen from 13 Hong Kong construction companies were invited to participate in a study designed to investigate foremen's opinions regarding 27 safety supervisory tasks. These fell into six categories, including handling new workers, training, safety, discipline, coordinating, and motivating. Results of the survey and subsequent follow-up interviews showed that over two thirds of foremen claimed that they had the responsibility to perform certain tasks but only half said that they had the authority to perform these tasks. Further interviews and on-site observations of foremen were then conducted in order to validate the findings by way of case study material. It is concluded that foremen play a key role in ensuring that safety management systems operate effectively. It appears, from the results of the study, that this role is not being performed properly and that the key interface between worker and management, the role of the foreman, is not paid sufficient attention by senior management and is an area requiring urgent attention if Hong Kong's poor site safety record is to be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466523
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analysis of pre-tender building price forecasting performance: a case study (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 36-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The financial management of the construction procurement process is dependent on the performance of the managers involved. This paper describes an analysis of pre-tender building price forecasts (estimates) made by a Hong Kong consulting organisation for a series of 89 building projects from 1995 to 1997 to identify factors influencing the accuracy of the forecasts made for possible improvement in performance. This involved the consideration of two distinct sets of models, the purpose of which was: (1) to identify and explain the underlying systematic causes of errors; and (2) to assist in improving the predictive ability of the forecasts. The analysis for (1) used ANOVA to detect significant differences between the errors grouped according to building size (value), building size (floor area), forecasting (estimating) method (approximate quantities and superficial), nature of the work (new build and alteration work), type of client and type of project. This was followed by a Gunner-Skitmore price intensity theoretic analysis. For (2), MRA was used by using cross-validation analysis to simulate the ex-post errors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466532
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of risks in high rise building construction in Jakarta (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Risk is inherent in every construction project, especially complex projects like high rise buildings. It is helpful to understand the significant risks in order to anticipate their possible negative effects on projects. This research identifies, ranks and categorizes high potential risks in high rise building projects in Jakarta. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted on engineers from contracting firms in the city. The result shows that risks related to management and design are the most significant in high rise construction projects. It is also shown that client interference should be avoided or reduced in tandem with good communication and teamwork between contractors and consultants to minimize defects. Contractors also need to give attention to the maintenance of equipment in order to sustain high productivity levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466541
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometric verification of design (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 56-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper discusses an approach for constructing product models in terms of features. In particular, the work focused on features verification and their accessibility using the solid model representation of the design. The research was motivated by the inadequacy of the current geometric modellers to perform verification and accessibility analyses, resulting in possible contradictions between the intended and the resultant features. Consequently, the wrong data are passed to the applications that use the data. The paper describes an alternative approach that considers the geometry, topology of the design and other construction and engineering information of the product rather than the simplistic approach, which is implemented in many geometric modellers; and is based on tagging feature labels on geometry. Individual features are extracted from the product model, where all the information about the product is held, for analyses. Each volumetric feature corresponds to a solid. As a consequence of applying volumetric features to the design model, surface features are generated. These surface features provide enough information to enable the validity and accessibility of the individual features to be determined and establish the possible routes in which the feature can be accessed, if any. The algorithms that are used to determine the validity and accessibility of features will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466550
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Building competitive advantage: construction education in Japan (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 78-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper examines the way the Japanese education system strategically channels talent towards its elite universities, turning out a high proportion of engineers and architects for the construction industry. At the same time, it provides limited education for construction workers and technicians in public vocational institutes and technical colleges, preferring to turn out a highly educated workforce of generalists who are trained for specific jobs by employers through the training centres of large firms, private vocational institutes, or on-the-job training by smaller subcontractors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466569
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Comparison of low-waste building technologies adopted in public and private housing projects in Hong Kong (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 88-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Hong Kong is running out of both reclamation sites and landfill space for the disposal of construction and demolition waste. This paper reports on the findings of a study, consisting of a questionnaire survey, interviews and work-site visits, to compare the use of low-waste building technologies in public housing and private residential projects in Hong Kong. The results show that large panel formwork and prefabricated building components are widely used in public housing projects in Hong Kong. Due to the difference of the design with public housing, the use of smaller aluminium panel formwork is more common in the private housing projects. The barriers for the adoption of low-waste building technologies in the private sector are identified and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466578
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Using multivariate techniques for developing contractor classification models (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 99-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Today's growing numbers of contractor selection methodologies reflect the increasing awareness of the construction industry for improving its procurement process and performance. This paper investigates contractor classification methods that link clients' selection aspirations and contractor performance. Multivariate techniques were used to study the intrinsic link between clients' selection preferences, i.e. project-specific criteria (PSC) and their respective levels of importance assigned (LIA), during tender evaluation for modelling contractor classification models in a data set of 68 case studies of UK construction projects. The logistic regression (LR) and multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) were used. Results revealed that both techniques produced a good prediction on contractor performance and indicated that suitability of the equipment, past performance in cost and time on similar projects, contractor relationship with local authority, and contractor reputation/image are the most predominant PSC in the LR and MDA models among the 34 PSC. Suggests contractor classification models using multivariate techniques could be developed further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466587
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  • 16
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    Professional ethics in the construction industry (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Provides results of a small, but representative, questionnaire survey of typical project managers, architects and building contractors concerning their views and experiences on a range of ethical issues surrounding construction industry activities. Most (90 per cent) subscribed to a professional code of ethics and many (45 per cent) had an ethical code of conduct in their employing organisations, with the majority (84 per cent) considering good ethical practice to be an important organisational goal. It was agreed by 93 per cent of the respondents that "business ethics" should be driven or governed by "personal ethics", with 84 per cent of respondents stating that a balance of both the requirements of the client and the impact on the public should be maintained. No respondent was aware of any cases of employers attempting to force their employees to initiate, or participate in, unethical conduct. Despite this, all the respondents had witnessed or experienced some degree of unethical conduct, in the form of unfair conduct, negligence, conflict of interest, collusive tendering, fraud, confidentiality and propriety breach, bribery and violation of environmental ethics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466596
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    An XML metadata approach to seamless project information exchange between heterogeneous platforms (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 128-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A three year Esprit project - ProCure - is ultimately aiming to take a significant but achievable step forward in the application of available information and communication technology (ICT) to the large scale engineering (LSE) construction industry. The ProCure consortium consists of five industrial partners supported by four associated research and expert partners. The project combines leading expertise from three member states to support ICT deployment by three industrial collaborative groups, i.e. UK, Germany and Finland. The basis of the project is in the partners' belief that sufficient ICT is now available to achieve deployment, with care, in real projects, with an acceptable risk of failure. This paper presents work undertaken within the project to investigate the various metadata standards that exist in order to define a minimum metadata set based on these standards for the implementation of two demonstrators for XML based automated document exchange between a simulation of a corporate document management system and a simulation of a collaborative construction project Web site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466604
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  • 18
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    Fuzzy optimisation of labour allocation by genetic algorithms (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 146-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Multi-skilled labour allocation in a defined time frame falls into the class of non-polynomial (NP) hard problems, solutions to which can only be obtained through repeated trials and errors. The application of fuzzy genetic algorithms (GA) optimisation model provides an efficient way to arrive at a "near-optimal" solution. In this paper, a fuzzy GA optimisation model of labour allocation is presented to illustrate how the near optimal solution can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310466613
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Photo-net: an integrated system for controlling construction progress (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 162-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A scheduling and progress control system called Photo-net is introduced where a digital movie of construction activities can be played back along with an animation of as-built vs. as-planned performance of these activities. A technique to make time-lapse digital films of construction activities is used. A method to store a digital film is developed allowing thousands of pictures to be stored and managed in a Windows environment. A program is developed that generates critical path method (CPM) derived bar-charts. A recording system is devised enabling the user to specify the day-by-day progress achieved in construction activities, allowing the program to link the playback film with the progress observed on the construction site. A set of input screens are generated by the system that provide a friendly, intuitive and easy way to enter project data. A case study is presented where the system is used, the performance of the system is discussed and the results are analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478412
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Construction contracts in a competitive market: CM, a simulation game (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Simulation games provide practical decision-making and strategy development experiences to students in a classroom setting. Having the ability to develop a bidding strategy that secures work and increases market share is vital in a competitive market. This paper presents a simulation game, called C3M (Construction Contracts in a Competitive Market), which mimics a bidding situation and allows users to experiment with different strategies. It is aimed at upper undergraduate students taking courses in construction management or cost and bid analysis, but can be utilized also in a professional training program. The game introduces the principles of competitive bidding through a series of simulated bidding decisions and provides for interaction between the bid prices of the competing teams over a simulated period of time. It can be implemented on any commercial spreadsheet, as described. Trial runs are provided to test the interlocking nature of the decisions made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478421
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  • 21
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    An example of developing a business model for information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption on construction projects - the National Museum of Australia project (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is necessary for delivering efficiency and improved project delivery in the construction industry. Convincing clients or contracting organisations to embrace ICT is a difficult task, there are few templates of an ICT business model for the industry to use. ICT application in the construction industry is relatively low compared to automotive and aerospace industries. The National Museum of Australia project provides a unique opportunity for investigating and reporting on this deficiency in publicly available knowledge. Concentrates on the business model content and objectives, briefly indicates the evaluation framework that was used to evaluate ICT effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478430
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  • 22
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    Application of dynamic programming and simulation for sewer management (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 193-208 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper proposes a decision-making framework to assist asset managers in decision making regarding sewer maintenance/rehabilitation (M&R) plans under constraints of limited access to sewer condition data. It discusses the application of probabilistic dynamic programming in conjunction with a Markov chain model to analyze the life cycle cost of combined sewer systems. M&R issues have traditionally been addressed with a crisis-based approach, but this study contributes to sewer infrastructure management efforts in developing a management system based on life cycle cost analysis. The framework includes the optimal M&R techniques for sewer projects and the optimal times of application. The role of simulation is also explored to obtain the variability of the total cost. By knowing the expected costs and their variabilities, a deeper understanding of life cycle costs of sewer infrastructure can be obtained. The model's capability is enhanced further by testing its sensivitity to varying discount and inflation rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478449
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  • 23
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    Parameters governing the selection of procurement system - an empirical survey (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 209-218 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The lack of structured procedures, based on good information, for the selection of construction procurement system sometimes inhibits the opportunity for clients to choose a procurement option in a fully informed manner. The selection and use of an unsuitable procurement approach could eventually lead to project failure. To formalise the procurement selection procedures, clients should establish a set of appropriate procurement selection parameters (PSPs) based on their distinctive characteristics and objectives, project requirements, and external environment. In this paper, a list of 34 PSPs was drawn up according to the findings of researchers in procurement selection. An empirical study was carried out in Australia with clients and project managers to unveil the importance and interrelationships of the identified PSPs. The results indicate that the perception of clients and project managers on the importance of PSPs was generally consistent, that underlying relationships do exist among parameters, and there is a need for clients to ensure that the interrelated PSPs are not overlooked when assessing the suitability of construction procurement systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478458
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  • 24
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    Towards total project quality - a review of research needs (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 219-228 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The focus of quality management (QM) in the construction industry, and its literature, has been on during construction and on product quality. The construction phase represents the final step in the construction procurement process, however it is the outcome of the previous stages of analysis, planning and design and represents but a small fraction of the overall cost and value that is created in the construction and use of buildings and built infrastructure. In other industry sectors and through the international quality movement, the focus in QM has moved to total quality. This is reflected internationally in the criteria for quality awards in which product quality represents only some 20 per cent of the total score for an enterprise. This paper briefly reviews the development of the quality movement and its application within the construction sector and suggests a broader scope for the application of quality concepts within the procurement process from a whole-of-life perspective. Identifies also areas which require further research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310478467
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    Investigating interpersonal communication during construction progress meetings: challenges and opportunities (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 234-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Progress meetings provide a central forum for requesting and exchanging the information necessary for the successful completion of construction projects. Although common to the majority of projects, little is known about the interaction between participants during these meetings. Reviews appropriateness of methodologies for the study of group interaction and discusses the problems encountered when piloting them. The review led to a focus on Bales' interaction process analysis (IPA) as an appropriate methodology for observing, analysing and interpreting social interaction in small groups. Pilot testing and subsequent use found the method to be reliable and robust. Bales' IPA was used to categorise and quantify communication acts of 30 site-based progress meetings. Results indicate that the management and design team interaction is subject to interaction norms: this is predominantly task-based, but subject to outbursts of emotional interaction, which was found to be very influential on the groups' behaviour.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489942
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    The accuracy of housing forecasting in Australia (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Forecasting is an integral part of all business planning, and forecasting the outlook for housing is of interest to many firms in the housing construction sector. This research measures the performance of a number of industry forecasting bodies; this is done to provide users with an indicator of the value of housing forecasting undertaken in Australia. The accuracy of housing commencement forecasts of three Australian organisations - the Housing Industry Association (HIA), the Indicative Planning Council for the Housing Industry (IPC) and BIS-Shrapnel - is examined through the empirical analysis of their published forecasts supplemented by qualitative data in the form of opinions elicited from several industry "experts" employed in these organisations. Forecasting performance was determined by comparing the housing commencement forecast with the actual data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on an ex-post basis. Although the forecasts cover different time periods, the level of accuracy is similar, at around 11-13 per cent for four-quarter-ahead forecasts. In addition, national forecasts are more accurate than forecasts for individual states. This is the first research that has investigated the accuracy of both private and public sector forecasting of housing construction in Australia. This allows users of the information to better understand the performance of various forecasting organisations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489951
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    An integrated system for duration estimation in design/build projects and organizations (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 272-282 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Overruns to planned schedules are common in civil construction projects worldwide. Yet, the construction industry fails to recognize the criticality of the problem, and while models have been developed, their lack of adequate sophistication fails to alleviate the problem. Additionally, there is resistance from construction professionals to use such models due to the lack of software integration models and modular functionality. This paper presents a performance-based duration estimation model integrated with an automation system model, MITOS - multi-phase integrated automation system, that was designed primarily for design/build firms. An experience-based computational model is used for the estimation of the duration of construction projects and the performance results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489988
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    Risk management practices of leading UK cost consultants (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 254-262 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Risk management (RM) is now widely accepted as an important tool in the management of projects. Through a series of semi-structured interviews with RM facilitators, current practice is explored. The findings provide a number of soft benchmarks. Interest in RM comes largely from educated clients and is regularly adopted as an integrated front-end service. Ongoing RM studies throughout the project life cycle are limited largely to the public sector and utilities. The use of RM workshops and the production of risk registers are commonplace. The use of Monte Carlo simulation through specialist software is widespread as a means of obtaining a greater degree of confidence in project budgets. There is scepticism regarding the usefulness of complex risk analysis techniques and a predisposition to rely on judgement based on experience. The use of historical data is limited. Evaluation of the service is informal and there is a relative lack of training and skills development underpinning RM provision.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489960
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    The strategy process within large construction orgnisations (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 283-296 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper investigates current approaches to the process of managing strategy within the construction industry. The results from nine case studies have been summarised under the headings of: defining the process of developing strategy; activities and outputs associated with the strategic process; strategic tools and techniques used in the process; outputs to the strategic process and factors that govern strategic success time scale for planning horizons; the level of personnel involvement; and the most important factors for successful implementation of strategy. The strategic frameworks adopted by the case study organisations have been combined into a single framework for managing the strategic process. Several issues of strategic concern were identified and recommendations have been put forward under three headings: development of the strategic process; improvement of internal and external audits; and increased application of appropriate tools and techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489997
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    A comparison of two editions of the RIBA Plan of Work (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 302-311 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The RIBA Plan of Work describes the way a construction process should be organized. Although not officially approved by the RIBA council, a new plan of work was published in 2000 with the intention of replacing the RIBA Plan of Work, so it is useful to analyse both in terms of the organizational structure they impose upon construction projects. Using analytical principles from organizational theory, both plans are analysed by converting them into organizational matrices and assessing their relative complexities, the load on participants, decentralization of responsibility, number of interfaces and the extent to which they provide for co-ordination and control. This demonstrates first, that the analysis of organizational structure is an appropriate approach for undertaking comparisons of such documents; and second, that while both plans of work are of roughly equal complexity, the new one is more demanding on the participants; produces a higher number of interfaces between processes, and provides for more co-ordination than the old one. Neither plan deals with controlling the output of individuals, leaving it as an internal matter for each participating organization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310502919
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    A new knowledge of reality (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 11-13 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Preparing for the Revolution: Information Technology and the Future of the Research University is a report released in October 2002, produced by the US National Academies, advisors on science, engineering and medicine. The report describes emerging technologies that are reshaping higher education, including the organization, management, governance and finance of universities. Universities must work with stakeholders to anticipate and influence the learning systems of the future. The next phase of the study will organize national channels for dialogue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310478617
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    Disastrous consequences of scientific and technological illiteracy (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 21-22 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: The essayist contends that American academia is rife with a "dog-eat-dog" version of Social Darwinism, or survival of the fittest through brutal competition. Offered as evidence are the training of too many students for limited career opportunities, prolongation of graduate training to provide professors with cheap assistants, conversion of 40 per cent of faculty to adjunct status, crushing student debt. Higher education is becoming a bloated, inefficient, non-innovative, and marginally productive process.
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    In their dreams: Paradigm alternatives and the marketing of responsive educational services (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 17-20 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: This article identifies three education service paradigms and explores how each contributes to applied learning. Scenarios constructed by over 700 US teachers are summarized and implications for service paradigm changes are drawn from them. Attention is drawn to a lack of paradigm change leadership on the parts of administrators and teacher colleges.
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    New educational technologies: do they improve learning? (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 14-16 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Is the incorporation of new educational technologies into the teaching/learning process the key to an effective and appropriate education in the twenty-first century, or is it a knee-jerk reaction to external pressures that is unlikely to be of lasting benefit to students? This paper explores some of the ways in which technology is changing what, where, when, how, with whom and even why we learn. In situating these changes within a broader context of recent developments in social and workplace practices, the paper argues that engaging with new technologies is essential for educators, not simply in the interests of enhancing and making more relevant the educational experiences of students, but also of revisiting long held assumptions concerning best practice in teaching and learning.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310483332
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    E-commerce forecasts: a return of the dot.com boom? (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 23-25 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: A forecast of 20 e-commerce applications shows that the Internet is likely to mature into a more sophisticated, conversational form of communication in about 2010, thereby entering the mainstream of advanced societies. This "second coming" of the dot.com era should create a resurgence of economic growth and exert powerful effects on business, government, education and other social functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310478644
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    The strategic context of education in America - 2000 to 2020 - part 2 (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 5-18 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Presents an historic model of technologic maturation and examines five emerging information technologies projected to achieve marketplace pre-eminence during the next three to five years that will pose transformational implications for traditional classroom-based teacher-mediated education.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310486744
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    e-Nough! "e-Learning" is a misnomer - it's mostly just "e-Teaching." For any teaching to reliably and consistently produce the results we want, we still have a lot to learn about learning (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 26-32 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: The author suggests we know a lot less about learning than we normally admit - in fact there is no generally accepted definition of what it is. He suggests that this is a big problem with designing so-called e-Learning, most of which is really just "e-Teaching." There is a need, the author argues, for much more differentiation of learning, especially by type of material to be learned. Much of the available research on learning is not about how people learn, but about how they learn in groups - i.e. classes, or, as the author calls them, herds. "Herding" introduces all sort of learning problems, and, to be successful, any e-Learning must take one-on-one tutoring, which is two standard deviations more effective than classroom teaching - as its base.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310698316
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    The university as a moral force (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 32-36 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: In a time of ethical lapses and moral ambiguity, it is essential for the university, the source of preparation for managers, scientists, journalists, teachers, and other professionals, to understand its role as a force in preparing graduates for decision-making. The university is a "moral force" because it constantly extends the boundaries of what is known, and therefore challenges societal rules describing desirable and undesirable states and behavior. By focusing on the decision-making competence of those it educates, it also makes choices about the values it will express, exhibit, and eschew. In this way, the university has a unique opportunity to help create a culture of conscience not only for the professions and professionals, but for all citizens, through its teaching, scholarship, actions, and service to and with others. With this as its stance, the university would strengthen its place at the center of society and solidify its place at the margins - as curator, creator, and critic.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310486762
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    Flying the KITE (knowledge innovation for technology in education) through a case-based reasoning knowledge repository (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 19-31 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Case-based reasoning (CBR), which has long been considered a branch of artificial intelligence, has recently gained great attention in the knowledge management circle because of its capability for storing and retrieving experience-based knowledge by emulating human memory, and its ability to function similar to organizational memory to preserve organizational knowledge. While many successful CBR systems have been developed as knowledge repositories for preserving intellectual capital and for problem solving in business communities, both the concept and methodology of CBR are still novelties in education communities. While there are a plethora of projects and practical pursuits for CBR applications in business, literature relating to designing, developing and evaluating practical CBR educational applications is conspicuously scant. Based on the issues encountered and lessons learned in a CBR system development project, this paper attempts to provide some pragmatic guidelines for those who are interested in applying the CBR knowledge repository approach to supporting knowledge creation and diffusion in the education domain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310486753
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    Artificial intelligence is almost here (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 37-38 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Trends in computer science show that various aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) are emerging, and other trends show that these advances are being applied to create intelligent information systems. Although the field of AI has not been very successful in the past, these trends suggest that it may finally arrive in the next few years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310486771
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    Academic tradition in a digital age (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 5-8 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Contemporary institutions of higher education encourage veneration of the past through anachronisms their rhetoric and their design. This characteristic, however, owes less to scholarship or tradition than to a mood of nostalgia. Universities tend to have far greater longevity than institutions of government or commerce. They have managed to survive the Industrial Revolution and other upheavals with remarkably little structural change. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain how, or whether, they will adapt to a post-industrial world.
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    The online education market: Much is at stake for institutions of higher education (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 9-15 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: The online degree and education market represents a crossroad for Higher Education. Outlines some issues the HE community must now face and several factors to success for their online degree programs. Universities have played an important role in the formation of the Internet and application of online education. The question remains, will universities actively participate and lead this market or sit on the sidelines and watch an opportunity for education slip away? Universities must act now.
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    Higher education - IT as a catalyst for change (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: This paper is based on a review of current literature and addresses issues relating to communication and information technology (C&IT) provision in UK higher educational institutions from a number of perspectives. Suggests that potentially technology can improve the learning environment, but may not yet be the best medium for all situations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310500099
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    Universities and public deliberation: bringing expertise to the people (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 15-24 
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    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: This article makes two points: first, that greater public deliberation is needed to enhance the democratic steering of technological change and, second, that universities are particularly well situated to provide an institutional foundation for such deliberations. Existing problems with policy making about issues with significant scientific and/or technological components are considered, along with the prospect that structured public deliberation might help close an evident democratic deficit in scientific and technological policy making. Several kinds of public deliberations are described, with special emphasis on the Danish Consensus Conference model. The basic requirements for effective public deliberations are discussed, along with several issues that need fundamental research. Finally, a scenario of multiple public deliberative exercises scaled at the national level is discussed.
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    What strategic investments should you make during a recession to gain competitive advantage in the recovery? (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 31-39 
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    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose: To investigate where investment during a recession pays off and where it does not. Methods: Comparing analogous businesses in the unique PIMS database, we highlight three measures to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful strategies. They are: average profitability during recession, defined as return on capital employed, change in profitability (ROCE) during first two years of recovery, and change in market share during first two years of recovery. Scope: 1,000 businesses were compared (drawn from 4,100 in the PIMS database). Results: PIMS' evidence distinguishes between "good costs", "bad costs" and "it depends costs". "Good costs" are those that should be increased and intensified during recession. "Bad costs" are those that need to be pruned hard in recession. "It depends costs" are those where the right actions are dependent on the strategic position of an individual business at the time the recession begins. Conclusions and recommendations: "In a recession, dare to invest aggressively in marketing, innovation and customer quality", is the clear message to be drawn from PIMS (Profit Impact of Market Strategy) research into which business strategies aid success during and after a market downturn lasting several years.
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    Assessing your strategic alternatives from both a market position and core competence perspective (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 29-35 
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    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The practice of strategic decision-making has two major perspectives to help managers create and maintain competitive advantage in the face of a range of business challenges. One stresses market position and the other core competence. (1) Market position - the positioning approach to strategy development is associated mainly with the work of Michael Porter; strategic choice is focused primarily on the structure of the industry and how it might be shaped to advantage. The aim is to establish a "privileged"/hard-to-replicate position in an industry that is difficult to enter. (2) Core competence - the competence-led perspective is associated with the work of C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel; strategic choice focuses primarily on assessing which distinctive competences should be built, then considers the market opportunities that would exploit them best. It may be tempting to use one approach or the other because the market position and core competence approaches do create perspectives that see things very differently, and their analytical methodologies offer different guidance. But instead of picking one over the other, the astute strategist may be best served to test out both perspectives and generate a wider range of options. This is shown in the article's illustrations of corporate strategy in the multi-business firm and strategic renewal. In sum, looking at your business from both approaches will generate two sets of contrasting perspectives and options for action. For many firms, this binocular vision of the available strategic options will lead to a better result than if either perspective was used alone.
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    Managing stakeholders vs. responding to shareholders (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 36-40 
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    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The pressure on corporate executives to increase their stock prices and shareholder value in the short-term has caused them to lose sight of how lasting shareholder value is created in the first place. The enterprise must be managed to meet the needs of all stakeholders rather than making decisions based solely on short-term shareholder value considerations. The primary management emphasis should be on meeting the needs of our customers and motivating employees to do so. Companies that put their customers first and empower their employees to serve them will inevitably provide greater growth in shareholder value than those corporations that focus primarily on boosting their stock price and only giving lip service to other constituencies. The demands of all stakeholders must be met concurrently. Leaders must juggle the competing interests of their stakeholders - customers and customer's customers; current employees and those in acquired companies; short-term and long-term shareholders; media; local, national, and international communities; government and regulators.
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    Accelerated work-schedule design considering efficiency losses for overtime and overmanning (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 312-321 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Construction projects frequently need to use overtime and overmanning to get work done on time. Overtime and overmanning often appear concurrently, especially when acceleration has been ordered. However, the calculation of the number of workers required for overtime and overmanning is often left to the experience and judgment of the foreman or superintendent. Whereas the overtime and overmanning estimate of superintendents and foremen is sometimes correct, it is sometimes incorrect also. The reason is that factors such as efficiency loss are not taken into account in an objective manner. More pertinently, calculations for efficiency loss are often not normally performed on job sites when overtime and overmanning must be designed. When we really delve deeply into the problem, we see that calculation of overtime with overmanning is a lengthy process involving iterations. Using a sample problem, this paper demonstrates how overtime and overmanning should be objectively and correctly designed using standard charts prevalent in the industry.
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    Testing Herzberg's two-factor theory in the Thai construction industry (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 333-341 
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    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation is widely known in management circles. However, it has been criticized regarding its validity in different work settings. Construction is an industry with unique characteristics which may have special effects on employee motivation. This study tests the two-factor theory on Thai construction engineers and foremen following Herzberg's interviewing procedure and compares the results to Herzberg's. Responsibility, advancement, possibility of growth, and supervision contribute to job satisfaction, while working conditions, job security, safety on site, and relationships with other organizations contribute to job dissatisfaction. Recognition, work itself, company's policy and administration, interpersonal relations, personal life, and status contribute to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Achievement contributes to satisfaction for engineers but contributes to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction for foremen. It is concluded that Herzberg's theory is not entirely applicable in the Thai construction setting. Some factors should receive attention if construction employees are to be motivated effectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310502946
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    Significance of location factors for Singapore transnational construction corporations (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 342-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Dunning's eclectic paradigm of international production, which focuses on the ownership, location and internalisation factors, presents a useful framework to explain the foreign value-added activities of transnational corporations. "Eclectic paradigm" means a general framework or model chosen from what is preferred from various theories, systems or doctrines. The present study extends the eclectic paradigm to a study of Singapore transnational construction corporations (STCCs) and examines what location factors are viewed as the most significant for STCCs engaged in foreign value-added construction-related activities in their major international construction market. This study examines if these location factors vary significantly according to firm-specific contextual variables in the STCCs, such as size, international age, multinationality and extent of specialisation/diversification, as well as the major reasons for STCCs to export their services overseas. The most important host location factors identified by STCCs operating in other Southeast Asian countries are: the host governments' attitudes, policies and regulatory framework; the social, political, cultural and geographic factors; and the cost of doing business factors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310502955
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    Factors influencing contractor performance: an international investigation (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 322-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: International comparisons of contractor performance can provide robust benchmarks for contractors in different countries and help to identify ways towards performance improvement. Based on a hypothetical construction project, overall contractor performance (OCP) in Japan, the UK and the USA is compared. Overall contractor performance is defined to embrace construction cost, construction time, construction quality and sustainable development, the philosophy being that the achievement of one aspect of performance should not be at the expense of another. Multiple regression analysis reveals that overall contractor performance is dependent on: their past performance on previous similar projects; their commitment towards lifetime employment; their perceived importance of time performance; their relationship with subcontractors; and the number of design variations during construction. To improve their overall performance, contractors are advised to focus on construction time, reduce delays, maintain a stable workforce and establish partnerships with their subcontractors. Clients should attempt to reduce design variations during construction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310502937
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    Artificial neural network for the selection of buildable structural systems (2003)
    Oxford : Emerald
    Engineering, construction and architectural management 10 (2003), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-232X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In this study, artificial neural networks have been developed to acquire construction knowledge from past projects to integrate buildability considerations into the preliminary structural design process. Four artificial neural network models are presented. These allow the generation of an expeditious solution for given sets of design and buildability constraints. Once information is entered into the models, a recommendation of which structural scheme to choose is generated instantaneously. Thus, valuable design time is released, allowing designers the opportunity to invest in other equally important design tasks. The information entered into the models consists of site-related information including site access; availability of working space; and speed of erection, and conceptual design information including type of building; number of storeys and gross floor area. The results show that artificial neural networks can be successfully used for the implementation of buildability at the preliminary stage of design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699980310489979
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    Accelerating change in the academy: Balancing new demands while protecting core values (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 16-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Forces that are transforming the global economy are now sweeping through higher education. As the higher education environment becomes more turbulent, administrators and academic leaders are caught between opposing forces that both demand and resist change. Suggests five strategies to help universities adapt to the changing environment while preserving important academic values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310500080
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    The myth of the crisis in academic publishing (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 3-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: The high cost of academic journals has led researchers to seek alternative venues for both publishing and accessing scholarly research. The Internet will provide an appropriate vehicle once there is a model which is not a simple mapping of brick space into click space. This will require The Academy to apply knowledge management to their own practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310508019
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    Complexity, uniqueness, and similarity in between-bundle choice (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 358-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When offering product/service bundles to customers, marketers must decide how best to configure the bundles such that consumers do not find the bundle-choice particularly difficult. This paper examines perceived decision difficulty in selecting from a menu of bundles, where the bundles vary on the number of component services, the number of unique services between competing bundles, and their perceived similarity. It is found that larger bundles make decisions more difficult, more unique services between the competing bundles increases decision difficulty for small, but not large, bundles and similar bundles pose greater choice difficulty than dissimilar bundles. Implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420310498795
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    Effect of perceived brand origin associations on consumer perceptions of quality (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 394-407 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews recent work in the country of origin and brand name literatures regarding the formation of perceptions regarding perceived brand origin. Based on this review, presents six hypotheses concerning such perceptions, including their effect on consumers' ratings of quality. Using real brands in two experiments, finds support for several of our hypotheses relating to the effects of country of component source, country of manufacture, and country of corporate ownership. In particular, finds that country of manufacture had no effect on product quality evaluations when country of corporate ownership was also present.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420310498821
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    The coming conflict between science and spirit (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: This review of a fine book on recent advances in neuroscience shows that the field has successfully demonstrated the use of game theory and probability to model animal behavior. However, science may be claiming too much by contending that this approach explains away consciousness, will, and other qualities attributed to mind and spirit. A balanced assessment of evidence on both sides of this historic debate shows that it is impossible to resolve this issue now, but the results of this great social experiment can be expected by about 2020 when computer power matches the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310508055
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    Strategic planning and information use: the role of institutional leadership in the community college (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    On the horizon 11 (2003), S. 10-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1085-4959
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education , Economics
    Notes: Community college presidents face a daunting challenge in trying to manage and guide an organization that is, by its nature, decentralized and bureaucratic in its decision-making processes, and at the same time they face external demands for greater accountability and internal demands for information. Although technological systems can accomplish these kinds of data collection tasks easily, the implementation of such systems is itself problematic. In many ways, implementing new information and technology systems, when done effectively, mirrors the open-ended, cross-functional deliberative processes of strategic planning. This paper discusses how institutional leaders at community colleges have used the implementation of strategic planning processes to break down information silos, increase collaboration among units, streamline information and work processes, and provide greater access to both academic and operational information. While this process may be time-consuming and disorderly, it is a promising tool for bringing about organizational change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748120310508037
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    Decision-driven scenarios for assessing four levels of uncertainty (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Some classes of scenario planning tools and techniques are designed to inform near-term strategic decisions. In addition, some of these are more appropriate for lower levels of uncertainty, while others are best suited for highly uncertain, truly ambiguous business environments. This paper provides a typology of scenario planning tools and techniques that enables managers to identify the best approach to follow in various circumstances. By choosing the right scenario-planning tool for near-term strategy decisions, companies can generate the foresight necessary to prevail in today's turbulent markets. Though most scenario exercises are intended to enrich an organization's awareness of potential environmental discontinuity in the long-term, some classes of scenario planning tools and techniques are designed to inform near-term strategic decisions. Some of these tools for assessing the near term are more appropriate for lower levels of uncertainty, and others are best suited for highly uncertain, truly ambiguous business environments. This paper provides a typology of scenario planning tools and techniques that enables managers to identify the best approach to follow in various circumstances. By choosing the right scenario-planning tool for near-term strategy decisions, managers can generate the foresight necessary to help their organization prevail in today's turbulent markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310455015
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    Using scenarios to focus R&D (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper focuses on the role of scenarios in planning research and development (R&D). R&D programs often focus on the technology, which is relatively forecastable. But the products that are the ultimate output of R&D programs will have to succeed a world in which lifestyles and society are changing. By using scenarios to explore alternative views of the future, R&D programs can be designed to anticipate change, to watch for signs of the changes, and to be more robust. The paper describes in some detail an example of using scenarios for an information and communication technology R&D program. The implications for corporate planners are detailed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310455042
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    Competitor scenarios (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 32-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Several leading companies have employed scenarios to better understand both current competitors' potential moves as well as the possible emergence of new rivals. They have learned several principles and some ways to avoid various pitfalls. Competitor scenarios examine three broad aspects of marketplace strategy: in which product-customer segments the competitor chooses to compete (scope); how it competes (competitive posture); and what it seeks to achieve (goals). Competitors are always at the heart of every significant analysis of the competitive or industry context. Experienced managers use competitor scenarios as a source of learning about the broader competitive context and of the implications for their firm's strategy and operations. Competitor scenarios work best when they produce knowledge and insight that broadly informs and prepares decision makers to act rapidly as competitive conditions change. There are two distinct types of competitor scenarios that originate in two quite different forms of what-if questions: unconstrained what-if scenarios and constrained what-if competitor scenarios. Unconstrained or open-ended questions encourage scenario developers to pose any question that occurs to them pertaining to one or more rivals' marketplace strategies. Such questions are limited only by the experience, imagination and creativity of those involved in thinking about the possible strategies of rivals. Unconstrained competitor scenarios are ideal for answering: How might new types of competitors come into the market? A distinct class of competitor scenarios revolves around invented competitors, that is, competitors that do not exist today but which could exist at some point in the future. Invented competitors shift the frame of reference to one or more rivals that, by definition, are strikingly dissimilar to any rival managers have had to contemplate to date. In contrast, constrained competitor scenarios ask: What would the competitor do if a specific set of marketplace or macro environmental end-states or conditions were to arise? In almost all cases, competitor scenarios lead to rich insight into the firm's own strategy alternatives-and sometimes to alternatives not previously on the firm's radar screen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310455033
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    One CEO's product development motto: care for innovations like newborns! (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Will your company be like so many "one-hit" wonders that failed because of their inability to adapt through innovation? Many companies meet this fate. Management shortfalls on the path to developing new market successes include: (1) A lack of the requisite skills and resources to sustain growth; (2) A CEO's preoccupation with the existing business. This latter case should quickly be challenged given that the business environment will ultimately render any business concept an anachronism. The only way for a company to sustain itself is through conceiving and nurturing new business ideas that can succeed for the parent business; (3) Either no genuine product innovations, or so few the company does not develop the skill to cultivate them; (4) Entry into the innovation phase too late, such as in Polaroid's case; (5) Belief that an investment in a new business cannot coexist with the existing business. The company sees true innovative concepts as more as a nuisance or threat to their comfortable lives than as the offer of hope for a new future; (7) The ability to create an abundance of innovation but exhibit a peculiar incompetence in creating a market for it. Witness Xerox. The challenge, then, is to foster a capability for innovation - not merely product enhancement. This capability allows a company to migrate from one business concept to the next as the market changes and opportunities emerge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310472719
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    Translating strategy into effective implementation: dispelling the myths and highlighting what works (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Several reasons are frequently offered to explain (or to justify) failure to implement strategy. Some are valid but many have merely gained credibility from being repeated often. By discrediting the myths, we can more clearly look at a number of approaches that can greatly enhance the effectiveness of strategy implementation. There are seven key reasons for strategy failure. Unanticipated market changes - strategies can fail because the market conditions change before the strategy can take hold. Three preventative actions are cited: (1) effective competitor responses to strategy - to out-perform the competition, competitive intelligence is a must; (2) too little investment - if insufficient resources are applied, the strategy will fail. Modeling will aid the executive to make smarter deployment of limited resources; and (3) failure of buy-in - insufficient buy-in to or understanding of the strategy among those who need to implement it will cause failure. Good strategic management is a function of people actively considering the strategy as they make day-to-day decisions in an ever-changing world. Lack of focus - resources are wastefully dissipated if priorities are unclear. Put the strategy on one page: focus to execute. Poorly conceived business models - sometimes strategies are simply bad.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310472737
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    Achieving an M&A's strategic goals at maximum speed for maximum value (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 31 (2003), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When merging two companies, after the deal is signed the CEO faces few challenges more risky than integrating the businesses to capture maximum value. Speed is essential to successful merger integration. But it is not everything. Only 25 to 50 percent of deals create shareholder value. This is often because those managing the integration process do not know how to make trade-offs between speed and careful planning. To keep the value of merger from evaporating, leaders need to manage the integration process actively and steer a course that leads the new organization to its stated strategic goals as swiftly as possible. Start with the strategic goals - there are two general types of mergers: (1) efficiency deals that "play by the rules" (achieve performance improvement in a merger that will have high functional overlap and high predictability of value); and (2) transformation deals that "transform the rules" (low overlap and low predictable value). Top management needs to articulate the purpose of a deal and its strategic rationale long before the merger is consummated. Four rationales are offered and discussed, the first two rationales apply more to type 1 deals and the second two more to type 2 deals. (1) Merging to capture the benefits of scale. In this type of merger, the longer you take, the more risk you incur. Success depends on very early identifying the key people to lead and removing those who will block the process. (2) Merging to expand into adjacent markets, customers, and/or product segments. The big prize comes from revenue growth. Teams from both sides must work together to develop a new marketing plan for the combined company. (3) Redefining the business for a new direction. As a framework for judgments, consider using these reference goals: focus on leading-edge customers, make decisions quickly, and look for ways to lead change in the marketplace. (4) Re-inventing an industry. Two initiatives in parallel are required: typical short-term objectives (cost reduction, consolidation, divestment, etc.) and long-term direction objectives for the new business. Details from the AOL Time Warner and the Citigroup merger cases are cited as examples. Several examples taken from Cisco System's many mergers are cited to illustrate process points and insights.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570310472746
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    Web site design benchmarking within industry groups (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: For corporations engaged in e-commerce, the Web serves as their primary interface with customers. Consequently, quality Web site design is a critical success factor for corporations with an e-commerce strategy. However, no comprehensive and coherent set of evaluation criteria exists that corporations and researchers can use to examine Web sites. This paper fills this gap by proposing Web site evaluation criteria and applying these criteria to different industry groups within Korea. Based on the literature survey, six categories of Web site evaluation criteria are defined: business function; corporation credibility; contents reliability; Web site attractiveness; systematic structure; and navigation. Using these criteria, Web sites in 12 industries were evaluated to determine if there are differences in Web site design between industries. The objective was to determine differences between industries which may provide information for benchmarking purposes. The results show significant differences in the design of Web sites across these different industry groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458341
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    Digital economy and management in Spain (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 6-16 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The digital economy is an economic sector that includes goods and services, whose development, manufacturing, merchandising or supply depend on critical digital technologies. The digital economy can be conceptualized into four different subsectors; on the one hand, it consists of infrastructure and applications and, on the other, electronic commerce and new intermediaries. This natural structure can be directly traced to how business generates revenues. The aim of this paper is to explain what is understood today by digital economy and to identify its dimensions and impact on the firm. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop its theoretical basis. In the second part of this paper, we refer to the results of an empirical research in the Spanish context.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458332
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    A structural and content-based analysis for Web filtering (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 27-37 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the proliferation of objectionable materials (e.g. pornography, violence, drugs, etc.) available on the WWW, there is an urgent need for effective countermeasures to protect children and other unsuspecting users from exposure to such materials. Using pornographic Web pages as a case study, this paper presents a thorough analysis of the distinguishing features of such Web pages. The objective of the study is to gain knowledge on the structure and characteristics of typical pornographic Web pages so that effective Web filtering techniques can be developed to filter them automatically. In this paper, we first survey the existing techniques for Web content filtering. A study on the characteristics of pornographic Web pages is then presented. The implementation of a Web content filtering system that combines the use of an artificial neural network and the knowledge gained in the analysis of pornographic Web pages is also given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458350
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    Influence of image interactivity on approach responses towards an online retailer (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 38-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Image interactivity allows the customer to create and manipulate visual images of a product on a Web site. We measured the effect of exposure to an image interactivity function from an apparel retailer's Web site on approach responses towards the retailer. The image interactivity function from the Web site allowed participants to mix and match apparel product images to help determine how well they coordinated. Dependent variables used to tap approach responses were attitude towards the online store, willingness to purchase from the online store, willingness to return to the online store, probability of spending more time than planned shopping on the site, and likelihood of patronizing the online retailer's bricks-and-mortar store. We employed a repeated-measures experimental design with 103 subjects. Paired t-tests provided empirical support for the effect of image interactivity on enhancing approach responses towards the retailer. However, differences in approach responses existed between males and females. Marketing implications were provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458369
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    Impact of the high-speed Internet on user behaviors: case study in Korea (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 49-60 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The growth of Internet usage, spurred by rapidly advancing network technologies, has been bringing about broad changes in customer behaviors related to the Internet, attitudes toward the traditional mass media, and satisfaction. This study attempts to investigate what types of changes have been made in Korea due to the transition of the networking environment. According to the findings, Internet users with a high-speed Internet service system tend to enjoy various kinds of services, including e-mail, and depend less on the traditional media, such as TV and radio, for information and entertainment. They also have an increased level of satisfaction in the dimension of convenience.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458378
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    The design of a reliable multipeer protocol for DVEs (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 80-85 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We present the design and implementation of a reliable multipeer protocol (RMPP). This protocol is suitable for applications in the area of distributed virtual environments. RMPP is written in Java because this language has many interesting features for DVE-builders. Motivation, protocol classification, design goals and the error recovery algorithm are discussed. Furthermore, some implementation issues are listed. This paper concludes by presenting two possible applications of the RMPP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469024
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    Improving Internet archive service through proxy cache (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 61-71 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Traditionally, file transfer protocol (FTP) servers are major archive providers and users apply the Archie server to locate FTP archives. With the extreme popularity of the WWW, Web servers are now important archive providers and users download archives via HTTP. To reduce HTTP traffic, proxy cache servers are deployed on the Internet. However, we find the hit rate of archives in cache servers is quite low. This study proposes a combination of caching and better searching mechanisms to alleviate the problem. We enable a proxy server to automatically collect WWW and FTP archives from its cache, organize them in the form of an FTP directory, and then offer the directory list to the Archie. Accordingly, users can find archives on WWW and FTP servers through the Archie, and they can directly download archives from the proxy server, thus improving the reuse of cached archives. A system was implemented and operated in a real environment to evaluate the approach and results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310458387
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    The deployment of IPv6 in an IPv4 world and transition strategies (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 86-93 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is stated that the new version of the IP protocol, IPv6, is the answer to the majority of the problems that were raised during the enormous expansion of the Internet and its transformation to a global communication platform with commercial scope. At the same time it is also stated that IPv6 dominance will not be easy and there will be a period when the two versions of the protocol will co-exist. In this paper we describe some of the main transition mechanisms that can be deployed in order to facilitate the transition process to the new version of the IP protocol. Furthermore, the presented mechanisms are discussed regarding their usability, usefulness and manageability. Describes the way some of these mechanisms were applied to the Greek Research & Technology Network (GRNET).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469033
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    Web portal for multicast delivery management (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 94-99 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, a Web portal is presented for multicast communication management, providing fully automatic service management with integrated provisioning of hardware equipment. The portal is based on an open and configurable object-oriented framework, that allows self-provisioning by the user and the seamless integration with all types of multicast application software. As its topological structure is ideally suited for multicasting, and it allows the accurate control of the transmission bandwidth, the portal focuses currently on satellite as a delivery medium. The software architecture, the implementation, and the application usage of the Web portal for multicast delivery are described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469042
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    Security for IP multimedia services in the 3GPP third generation mobile system (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 100-106 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper surveys the security architecture of the IP multimedia core network subsystem (IMS) of the third generation mobile system which is known in Europe as UMTS. The main features of the security architecture include user specific features protecting the access of the IMS user, such as authentication and key agreement when a user registers and integrity protection of IMS access signalling, but also features for the user, independent protection of SIP signalling in the IMS core network. Authenticated registration is given an in-depth treatment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469051
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    eCX: a secure infrastructure for e-course delivery (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 116-125 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Online education has emerged as one of the major channels for dissemination of learning materials. As more and more organizations offer online distance learning courses, the security concerns of these online education systems become more and more critical, especially when the organizations rely on the registration fees of students to maintain the smooth running of the courses. Provides a mechanism, the Secure e-Course eXchange (eCX), to protect the learning material from unauthorized dissemination, and shows how this mechanism can be integrated in the operation model of online learning course providers. The design of eCX is general enough to fit two operating models, namely the Institutional Server Model and the Corporate Server Model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469060
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    Drop-in security for distributed and portable computing elements (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 107-115 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Proposes the use of a special purpose drop-in firewall/VPN gateway called Sieve, that can be inserted between the mobile workstation and the network to provide individualized security services for that particular station. Sieve is meant to be used like an external modem: the user only needs to plug it in. Its existence is transparent to the user, requiring no modification to the workstation configuration. To function in this role, Sieve has been designed to be compact, low-cost, requiring little administration or maintenance. Discusses the features and advantages of the system and demonstrates how Sieve was used in various application areas (home, university environment, etc.).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469763
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    A stateful multicast access control mechanism for future metro-area-networks (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 134-138 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Multicasting is a necessity for a broadband metro-area-network. Discusses the security problems with current multicast protocols. To make the multicast delivery infrastructure more secure and reliable, a stateful multicast access control mechanism, based on MAPE, is proposed. This mechanism expands the current forwarding procedure of a layer 2 switch so that stateful multicast access control can be carried out at the very edge of the metro area network. The architecture of MAPE is discussed in detail, as well as the states maintained and messages exchanged. Further explains that the scheme is flexible and scalable.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469088
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    The state of online retailing (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 146-155 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Dimensions of critical factors that impact online retailing (e-quality) are synthesized from the literature and organized along the four phases of a consumer's online shopping experience: encountering the online retailer's home page, selecting a product from the online catalog, completing the order form and accessing customer service and support. Using a random sample of 55 online retailers, the study benchmarks real online transactions against these e-quality dimensions. Findings suggest several areas that e-retailers should target for improvement. These areas include increasing the speed of home page loading, providing the ability to translate into multiple languages, enhancing the capabilities of search engines, displaying security policies more conspicuously, offering multiple payment options, and reducing the minimum number of clicks to complete a transaction. The final phase of the online shopping experience, customer service and support, seems to offer the most room for improvement in the areas of instant automated merchant notification of orders and on time delivery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478178
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    Innovativeness and variety of Internet shopping (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 156-169 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A survey of 208 US Midwestern Internet users reveals, first, that the nature of Internet dhopping (IS) is a function of consumers' domain specific IS Innovativeness, not only in regard to product purchasing (as has been previously observed) but also to visiting sites for product information. Second, IS innovativeness is positively associated with the variety of product classes shopped online, and this association is stronger with popular than with unpopular product classes. Third, the impact of IS innovativeness is in addition to, and not simply a reflection of, the positive contribution to online shopping made by the prevalence of online shopping in one's social setting. Fourth, when IS innovativeness is uncontrolled, apparent support is found for previous contentions that online shopping is greater among those with more extensive Internet experience. However, when IS innovativeness is considered, the predictive ability of Internet experience decreases, in some cases to nonsignificance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478187
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    Internet auction sellers: does size really matter? (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 183-194 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Internet marketing is a field which is continuing to grow, and the online auction concept may be defining a totally new and unique distribution alternative. Very few studies have examined auction sellers and their Internet marketing strategies. This research examines the Internet auction phenomenon as it relates to the marketing mix of online auction sellers. The data in this study indicate that, while there is great diversity among businesses that utilize online auctions, distinct cost leadership and differentiation marketing strategies are both evident. These two approaches are further distinguished in terms of the Internet usage strategies employed by each group.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478204
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    Closed conference signalling using the session initiation protocol (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 126-133 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In a closed conference the identity of all conference participants is known by others and all participants are notified when a new user joins the conference. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) supports signalling of several conference models, but not of closed conferences. Introduces an extension of SIP for closed multiparty conferences. The extension expands SIP for the functionality for discovery of participant identities in a conference. Furthermore, it ensures that each conference participant is notified before a new participant joins. Verifies this extension by applying it to two SIP conference models - conference with conference server and full-mesh conference. Ends with an analysis of additional signalling traffic that this extension generates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310469079
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    The relationship between retailers' targeting and e-commerce strategies: an empirical analysis (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 170-182 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: There has been a strong focus in the literature upon the factors that affect the adoption of e-commerce, and the demographics of Internet users, but few attempts to link these two bodies of knowledge. This empirical study investigates the extent to which the adoption of e-commerce amongst retailers is influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics of their target customers. The questionnaire was mailed to senior marketing executives in the UK's largest retail organisations, and ultimately resulted in the receipt of 164 useable replies, giving an overall response rate of 18 per cent. The results of a set of analyses demonstrate that organisations are most likely to adopt the Internet for information provision, marketing and direct sales purposes if their typical customer is male, young and a member of the professional/managerial classes. This is not surprising, as young, professional males are typically enthusiastic and competent users of information technologies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478196
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    Waiting online: a review and research agenda (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Although waiting on the Internet is widely recognised as a crucial factor in the evolution of e-commerce and the Internet in general, it is not a widespread topic of research. This article identifies and reviews 21 papers based on 13 separate empirical studies on waiting on the Internet. The literature draws from the areas of marketing, system response time studies and quality of service studies. Having reviewed the existing literature, this article proposes an agenda for future research. Recommendations are made to extend the range of research methodologies applied to this topic, to broaden the definition of waiting on the Internet to include other forms of online waiting, and to continue the interdisciplinary approach to research on online waiting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478213
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    A model for monitoring public sector Web site strategy (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 259-266 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A model for monitoring the Web site development process in the public sector is proposed and tested empirically with a sample of 76 local government Web sites. The framework consists of basic dimensions and a 2 × 2 matrix that is a simplified revision of the Mohammed et al.'s marketspace matrix. The four factors in the matrix, publicity, local service, differentiation and participation, together with two basic dimensions of attracting and delivering were proved to be important elements in a workable research framework. The effects of dimensions/factors and the role of online attracting are discussed in depth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488942
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    Revocable anonymous access to the Internet? (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 242-258 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the worldwide growth of open telecommunication networks and in particular the Internet, the privacy and security concerns of people using these networks have increased. On the one hand, users are concerned about their privacy, and desire to anonymously access the network. On the other hand, some organizations are concerned about how this anonymous access might be abused. This paper intends to bridge these conflicting interests, and proposes a solution for revocable anonymous access to the Internet. Moreover, the paper presents some legal background and motivation for such a solution. However, the paper also indicates some difficulties and disadvantages of the proposed solution, and suggests the need for further debate on the issue of online anonymity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488933
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    Technology acceptance model for wireless Internet (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 206-222 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Wireless Internet via mobile devices (WIMD) is leading the world into another spectrum of communications and means of conducting day-to-day business and life activities. Full bloom of wireless Internet services depends on user acceptance, as well as technology improvement. This paper develops a technology acceptance model for wireless Internet via mobile devices (TAM for wireless Internet), a conceptual framework to explain the factors influencing user acceptance of WIMD. By revising the technology acceptance model (TAM) to represent some unique features of the wireless system under study, TAM for wireless Internet proposes that constructs such as individual differences, technology complexity, facilitating conditions, social influences, and wireless trust environment determine user-perceived short and long-term usefulness, and ease of using WIMD. These, in turn, determine user intention and willingness to adopt WIMD. Twelve propositions are developed to promote and facilitate future empirical research relating to WIMD.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478222
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    Extending the capabilities of Internet-based research: lessons from the field (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 223-235 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The ubiquity of the Internet and e-mail has resulted in a burgeoning interest in their potential for academic research. This paper summarizes the existing practices of Internet research and suggests extensions to them based on the design and administration of a large-scale, national Web survey. These extensions include consideration of new capabilities such as adaptive questions and higher levels of flexibility and control. Lessons learned include the use of a modular design, management of Web traffic, and the higher level of communication with respondents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310478231
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    Information seeking on the Web by women in IT professions (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 267-280 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The paper develops a behavioral model of Web information seeking that identifies four complementary modes of information seeking: undirected viewing, conditioned viewing, informal search, and formal search. In each mode of viewing or searching, users would adopt distinctive patterns of browser moves: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, and extracting. The model is applied empirically to analyze the Web information seeking behavior of 24 women in IT professions over a two-week period. Our results show that participants engaged in all four modes of information seeking on the Web, and that each mode may be characterized by certain browser actions. Overall, the study suggests that a behavioral approach that links information seeking modes (goals and reasons for browsing and searching) to moves (actions used to find and view information) may be helpful in understanding Web-based information seeking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488951
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    A case study of MMO's MADIC: a framework for creating mobile Internet systems (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 311-321 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Mobile Internet applications on ubiquitous mobile networks allows real-time, anywhere, anytime connectivity to services. Owing to its scalability and potential cost savings, mobile communication is being increasingly applied in the business and consumer communities to create innovative data and voice application, which run over the Internet infrastructure. This paper reports on a case study at an organisation that created an innovative approach to developing mobile applications developed by third party independent developers. A conceptual wireless reference model is presented that was used to define the various system constituents required to create effective mobile applications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488988
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    Disconfirming user expectations of the online service experience: inferred versus direct disconfirmation modeling (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 281-296 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Heightened competition in the e-commerce domain continues to force the need for a reliable and user-friendly service quality measurement methodology. The challenge facing practitioners, however, is to identify and implement the most appropriate measurement tools for their operation. Disconfirmation measures have come to dominate the debate concerning this very issue, with both direct and inferred techniques presenting themselves as reliable and valid measures of online quality. This paper addresses this very debate in the context of an online library service setting. It presents findings that attest to the psychometric and diagnostic performance of both techniques and suggests that while much time is taken up discussing the former, the real power of such techniques for online operators rests with the latter, i.e. their ability to pinpoint service failures and direct continuous quality improvement efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488960
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    An exploratory study of advancing mobilization in the life insurance industry: the case of Taiwan's Nan Shan Life Insurance Corporation (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 297-310 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The practical application of enterprise mobilization is the use of a wireless network system and equipment to allow employees to update information on demand. This study employs a case study method, using in-depth interviews of 29 corporate managers and experts to understand the current state of mobilization in the life insurance industry. The study suggests a conceptual framework for mobilization in the life insurance industry, and formulates possible research propositions incorporating a number of variables. The study also suggests a total of ten key success factors for the implementation of mobilization in the life insurance industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310488979
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    A framework and methodology for evaluating e-commerce Web sites (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 330-341 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The corporate Web site is an indispensable part of any e-commerce venture. If users find it difficult to do electronic transactions, they will visit another online source, or go to a physical source instead. Evaluating the performance of e-commerce Web sites has received some attention in the past few years, but there is still a pressing need for a more comprehensive approach. This paper attempts to address this need by providing an e-commerce Web site evaluation framework and method built on solid business principles, and using multidimensional scaling to analyse evaluation data and present the results in a graphic manner for easy interpretation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501612
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    Web advertising vs other media: young consumers' view (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 356-363 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper examines how young consumers perceive the Web as an advertising medium in relation to eight traditional media on 15 constructs elicited from subjects. Results indicate that the Web is perceived to be very far from most of the other media, except point of purchase and direct mail. Conducting correspondence analysis and cluster analysis revealed the reasons for why the Web advertising is located close to point of purchase and direct mail. A noticeable finding was that farthest away from the Web is outdoor. Implications based on the findings are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501630
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    Informing IT system Web site design through normalisation (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 342-355 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Designing a truly customer focused Web site can be difficult. This paper examines the approach of adapting the existing database design technique of normalisation for achieving customer focused Web site design. A Web site can be thought of as a multimedia database, in fact under European law a Web site is legally classified as being a database. In traditional database design, normalisation is used to structure data and provide efficient keys for data retrieval. In Web site normalisation "data" is now the text, images, and functions (for example, e-mail and ordering goods) that are required on the Web site. Keys for "data" are now Web site headings, sub-groupings, and topics. Web site normalisation allows the Web site designer to structure Web site material and identify the optimal Web site navigational structure from a customer perspective, and thus, produce a truly customer focused Web site. A case study in a UK marketing organisation is provided in order to demonstrate and evaluate Web site normalisation in action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501621
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    Modeling the effect of experience on student acceptance of Web-based courseware (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 364-374 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: As the use of Web-based learning technologies to supplement college classroom instruction has increased, a key issue for faculty members is how to entice their students to accept these technologies. Research suggests that student experience with the technologies may influence their acceptance. The technology acceptance model was used as a framework to study the effect of student experience with Web-based learning technologies on their acceptance of those technologies. Analysis showed that experience with the technology positively influenced perceived ease of use. Perceptions of ease of use and usefulness positively influenced attitudes towards the technology. Attitude positively influenced intention to use, and intention positively influenced usage. Results suggest that as student experience with a technology increases, they perceive it to be easier to use and more useful, and therefore, are more likely to use it. When introducing the technology, instructors should emphasize how easy the technology is to use and how useful it is in improving grades.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501649
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    Web advertising: gender differences in beliefs, attitudes and behavior (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 375-385 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Previous research suggests males and females exhibit different beliefs about and attitudes toward traditional media advertising along with different advertising stimulated consumer behaviors. However, little is known about gender differences in consumer beliefs about Web advertising versus other media, attitude toward Web advertising, or Web advertising associated consumer behavior. Survey results indicate males and females differ significantly on several dimensions with males exhibiting more positive beliefs about Web advertising and more positive attitudes toward Web advertising than females. Additionally, males are more likely than females to purchase from the Web and surf the Web for functional and entertainment reasons, whereas females are more likely to surf the Web for shopping reasons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501658
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    Conflicts among Net news participants and cultural background (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 13 (2003), S. 386-399 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Participants in Internet net news bulletin board discussions can argue with others whom they do not know. The nature of each message in a discussion can be characterized by the frequency with which keywords appear in the message. This incidence or frequency can be summarized as a principal component score. By deriving two characteristic indexes - auto-correlation coefficients and power spectra - from the principal component scores, we have come up with a novel method. Applying this method to analyze three large net news threads, the index plots revealed two-generation cyclic fluctuations. Comparing these plots with actual points of conflict obtained by reading the message contents, a fairly good correlation was obtained between the two and it was found that most of the conflicts were among participants with different cultural backgrounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240310501667
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    When weaker brands prevail (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 6-21 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When consumers fulfill consumption goals they make decisions on first, from which product category to buy, and second, which brand to purchase within the product category. In this article, the relative effects of product-level typicality and brand-level typicality on goal-driven consumer choice are examined. Which level of typicality is more diagnostic of choice? Empirical results show that consumers are, in goal-derived usage contexts, more likely to choose a less typical and less favored brand from a typical product category than a typical and more favored brand from a less typical product category. Consequently, brands that consumers perceive as inferior may be chosen over superior brands because of the link between product categories and usage contexts. Our results indicate that it may be fruitful for marketers to associate brands and product categories with usage contexts, and that they need to consider brand competitors from other product categories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420310463108
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    Managing brand equity: a look at the impact of attributes (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Brand equity continues to be one of the critical areas for marketing management. This study explores some of the consequences attributes may have on brand equity such as the bias on consumer preference. For comparative purposes, a longitudinal study is conducted on the high involvement soft drink category using the top nine national soft drinks brands. In addition to brand equity and the top attributes being measured, overall preferences and the impact of other variables were included. Attributes are examined from a tangible and intangible perspective and both are found to be important contributors to brand equity and brand choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420310463126
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new brand's behaviour in an established market (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 52-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although managers can use panel data to monitor their brands' performance in fast-moving-consumer-goods categories, the regularities researchers have documented apply to stationary and unpartitioned marketplaces. However, the introduction of a new brand may alter the structure of a marketplace and thus the behaviour patterns consumers display. This paper discusses the regularities typically observed in stable markets and considers these in the context of a market that had just experienced a new brand launch. It is concluded that the new brand behaved as an established brand very quickly and that the generalisations used to benchmark existing brands provided accurate predictions of the new brand's performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420310463135
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