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  • Springer  (66,782)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (10,306)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (50,700)
  • 2000-2004  (26,388)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2008  (50,700)
  • 2002  (26,388)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (50,700)
  • 2000-2004  (26,388)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health : Health and Climate (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6877-5
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Environmental Chemistry : Microscale Laboratory Experiments (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Air ; Chlor ; GSM-Postponed Project ; Manual ; Oxide ; Water ; bacteria ; microorganism ; pollution ; production ; soil ; toxicity
    Description / Table of Contents: Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, by Jorge Ibanez et al., is an exceptionally useful and well organized book. After reviewing basic chemical concepts, Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals quickly progresses to more advanced and contemporary applications including ozone depletion, physiochemical and biological treatment of pollutants, and green chemistry. The chemistry of processes of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere are covered in detail and the effects of pollutants on each of these chemical processes are extensively considered, as are their effects on the biosphere. The book also has an experimental companion, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, which includes an array of environmental chemistry experiments that can be readily performed at the microscale level. Ideas for additional open-ended projects are provided for all experiments, and they impart a thorough introduction to environmental experimentation. I strongly recommend Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals and its experimental accompaniment, Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments. Dr. Zvi Szafran Vice President for Academic Affairs and Professor of Chemistry Southern Polytechnic State University Our Earth is a remarkable reaction vessel. It is of paramount importance that students grow in their understanding and awareness of the astounding effects that chemistry and biochemistry have on our environment…and why they are so significant to our present and future hopes as a civilization. Environmental Chemistry: Microscale Laboratory Experiments, intended to complement lessons in the companion textbook Environmental Chemistry: Fundamentals, covers the chemical and biochemical processes that take place in air, water, soil, and living systems. The corresponding experiments range from the characterization of aqueous media to pollutant-treatment schemes. For increased safety, as well as for reduced costs, wastes, and environmental damage, the experiments are presented at the microscale level. Pre- and post-laboratory exercises and open-ended projects accompany each experiment, to develop problem-solving skills and initiative among students.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 238 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387494937
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49493-7
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workhop on Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems, Sudak, Crimea, Ukraine, 22-28 September, 2007 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Atom ; Fulleren ; Fullerene ; Nanocar ; Nanomaterial ; Nanotube ; Transport ; carbon nanotubes ; electricity
    Description / Table of Contents: The 2007 ARW “Using Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean-Energy Hydrogen Systems” (UCNCEHS’2007) was held in September 22–28, 2007 in the remarkable town Sudak (Crimea, Ukraine) known for its heroic and unusual fate. In the tradition of the earlier conferences, UCNCEHS’2007 meeting served as an multidisciplinary forum for the presentation and discussion of the most recent research on transition to hydrogen-based energy systems, technologies for hydrogen production, storage, utilization, carbon nanomaterials processing and chemical behavior, energy and environmental problems. The aim of UCNCEHS’2007 was to provide the wide overview of the latest scientific results on basic research and technological applications of hydrogen interactions with carbon materials. The active representatives from research/academic organizations and governmental agencies could meet, discuss and present the most recent advances in hydrogen concepts, processes and systems, to evaluate current progress and to exchange academic information, to identify research needs and future development in this important area. This ARW should help further the progress of hydrogen-based science and promote the role of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials in the energy field.
    ISBN: 9781402088988
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8898-8
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Orbits (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 5
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    Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins : the Central European Basin System (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 6
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    Thermal characterization of the Vulcano fumarole field (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Ground-based thermal infrared surveys can contribute to complete heat budget inventories for fumarole fields. However, variations in atmospheric conditions, plume condensation and mixed-pixel effects can complicate vent area and temperature measurements. Analysis of vent temperature frequency distributions can be used, however, to characterise and quantify thermal regions within a field. We examine this using four thermal infrared thermometer and thermal image surveys of the Vulcano Fossa fumarole field (Italy) during June 2004 and July 2005. These surveys show that regions occupied by low temperature vents are characterised by distributions that are tightly clustered around the mean (i.e., the standard deviation is low), highly peaked (positive kurtosis) and skewed in the low temperature direction (negative skewness). This population is associated with wet fumaroles, where boiling controls maximum temperature to cause a narrow distribution with a mode at 90–100°C. In contrast, high temperature vent regions have distributions that are widely spread about the mean (i.e., the standard deviation is high), relatively flat (negative kurtosis) and skewed in the high temperature direction (positive skewness). In this dry case, fumaroles are water-free so that maximum temperatures are not fixed by boiling. As a result greater temperature variation is possible. We use these results to define two vent types at Vulcano on the basis of their thermal characteristics: (1) concentrated (localized) regions of high temperature vents, and (2) dispersed low temperature vents. These occur within a much larger region of diffuse heat emission across which surfaces are heated by steam condensation, the heat from which causes elevated surface temperatures. For Vulcano's lower fumarole zone, high and low temperature vents occupied total areas of 3 and 6 m2, respectively, and occurred within a larger (430 m2) vent-free zone of diffuse heat emission. For this lower zone, we estimate that 21– 43×103 W of heat was lost by diffuse heat emission. A further 4.5×103 W was lost by radiation from high temperature vents, and 6.5×103 W from low temperature vents. Thus, radiative heat losses from high and low temperature vents within Vulcano's lower fumarole zone respectively account for 10% and 15% of the total heat lost from this zone. This shows that radiation from open vents can account for a non-trivial portion of the total fumarole field heat budget.
    Description: Published
    Description: 441
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fumarole ; Vulcano ; Thermal image ; Infrared thermometer ; Heat flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Crustal seismic velocity in the Marche region (Central Italy): computation of a minimum 1-D model with seismic station corrections. (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: A 1-D velocity model for the Marche region (central Italy) was computed by inverting P- and S-wave arrival times of local earthquakes. A total of 160 seismic events with a minimum of ten observations, a travel time residual ≤ 0.8 s and an azimuthal gap lower than 180° have been selected. This “minimum 1-D velocity model” is complemented by station corrections, which can be used to take into account possible near-surface velocity heterogeneities beneath each station. Using this new P-wave velocity model and the program HYPOELLIPSE (Lahr, 1999), the selected local events were relocated. Earthquake locations in this study are of higher quality with respect to the original ones. The obtained minimum 1-D velocity model can be used to improve the routine earthquakes locations and represents a further step towards more detailed seismotectonic studies of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1115–1121
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Minimum 1D model ; Earthquake locations ; Marche region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Synthetic ANaB(NaxLi1 ¡ xMg1)CMg5Si8O22(OH)2 (with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0) P21/m amphiboles at high pressure: a synchrotron infrared study (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: high-pressure behavior of three synthetic amphiboles crystallized with space group P21/m at room conditions in the system Li2O–Na2O–MgO–SiO2–H2O has been studied by in situ synchrotron infrared absorption spectroscopy. The amphiboles have compositions ANa B(NaxLi1 ¡ xMg1) CMg5 Si8 O22(OH)2 with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0.0, respectively. The high-P experiments up to 32 GPa were carried out on the U2A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY, USA) using a diamond anvil cell under non-hydrostatic or quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The two most intense absorption bands in the OH-stretching infrared spectra can be assigned to two non-equivalent O–H dipoles in the P21/m structure, bonded to the same local environment M1M3Mg3–OH–ANa, and pointing toward two diVerently kinked tetrahedral rings. In all samples these bands progressively merge to give a unique symmetrical absorption with increasing pressure, suggesting a change in symmetry from P21/m to C2/m. The pressure at which the transition occurs appears to be linearly correlated to the aggregate B-site dimension. The infrared spectra collected for amphibole B(Na0.2Li0.8Mg1) in the frequency range 50 to 1,400 cm¡1 also show a series of changes with increasing pressure. The data reported here support the inference of Iezzi et al. (Am Miner 91:479–482, 2006a) regarding a new high-pressure C2/m amphibole polymorph characterized by two equivalent and kinked double-chains, stable at very high-pressure.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343–354
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: High-pressure ; B-site dimension ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Observations of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Central Apennines Seismic Region (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent years, continuous radio-noise recording is in use at many geophysical observatories, in order to detect possible earthquake precursors and/or coseismic signals. The recordings obtained indicate that electromagnetic radiation (e.g., in the range of 10-40 kH) can indeed be treated as seismic precursor. We present here the examples of successful prediction observation, which we have obtained in the Central Apennines region at the l'Aquila Observatory (Polish-Italian cooperation). A short discussion on relation between the evolution of stresses (dislocation dynamics) and electromagnetic emission supplements this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-53
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: electromagnetic radiation ; dislocation dynamics ; Central Apennines ; seismic precursors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Survey on fluoride, bromide and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Six hundred and sixty-seven water samples were collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily and analysed for electric conductivity and for their Cl-, Br- and F- contents. The samples were, as far as possible, collected evenly over the entire territory with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7600 inhabitants. The contents of Cl- and Br-, ranging between 5.53 and 1302 mg/l and between 〈 0.025 and 4.76 mg/l respectively, correlated well with the electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values were found both along the NW and SE coasts, which we attributed to seawater contamination, and in the central part of Sicily, which we attributed to evaporitic rock dissolution. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 3.28 mg/l, while the highest values (only 3 exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l) generally correlated either with the presence in the area of crystalline (volcanic or metamorphic) or evaporitic rocks or with contamination from hydrothermal activity. Apart from these limited cases of exceeding F- levels, the waters of public drinking water supplies in Sicily can be considered safe for human consumption for the analysed parameters. Some limited concern could arise from the intake of bromide-rich waters (about 3% exceeding 1 mg/l) because of the potential formation of dangerous disinfection by-products.
    Description: Published
    Description: 303-313
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: drinking water quality ; fluoride ; bromide ; chloride ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    On the suitability of 1 s geophone for ambient noise measurements in the 0.1–20Hz frequency range: experimental outcomes (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following the ongoing debate about suitability of short-period sensor for seismic noise measurements at frequencies lower than 1Hz, in this study we compare recordings from two different seismometers (Güralp CMG-3ESPC and Mark L4C-3D) installed side by side in the GeoForschungsZentrum laboratory. The comparison carried out in terms of Power Spectral Density and coherency analysis shows an excellent agreement between the shortperiod and the broad-band recordings in the frequency band 0.2–20 Hz. Therefore, this result highlights that with a calibrated short-period sensor one can obtain the same results that would be obtained by using a broad-band seismometer in the band of engineering interest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 141-147
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Short-period sensor, Broad-band sensor, Noise measurements ; Coherency analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    A Glimpse into the Seismicity of the Ionian Islands between 1658 and 1664 (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mostly based on traditional catalogues, without further research, several modern parametric catalogues are nevertheless straightforward, without question marks, and easily misleading (chronology, epicentre, epicentral intensity, not to speak of magnitude). The example of an Ionian time-window (1658-1664), with several major events, shows that the historical seismicity of the Ionian Islands, often thought to be well-known, actually needs a more or less drastic revision. A wealth of sources was collected, mostly from the Archives of the Republic of Venice, then ruling the main three islands of the Ionian Archipelago; it was ascertained that there are no important chronological gaps in the surviving documentation. Similarly outstanding, and in fact at the basis of a more balanced and precise view of one of the events in this time-window, are the souvenirs of Christoff von Degenfeld, a German nobleman at the service of the Republic of Venice. His manuscript, discovered at the library of Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1992, has been consulted again in the original, on the occasion of the preparation of this paper. Some question marks remain on the distributions of macroseismic effects of the earthquakes within this time-window, and this is due to the lack of information concerning the mainland. For this reason this study does not propose epicentres and, of course, magnitudes. An unusually long documentary appendix is provided, with the hope that it might contribute in discouraging authors of parametric earthquake catalogues from hasty exploitation and interpretation of often unreliable current catalogues.
    Description: Published
    Description: 43-91
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismology ; Ionian Islands 1658-1664 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 13
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    The fidelity of melt inclusions as records of melt composition (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A series of experiments created melt inclusions in plagioclase and pyroxene crystals grown from a basaltic melt at 1,150 C, 1.0 GPa to investigate diffusive fractionation during melt inclusion formation; additionally, P diffusion in a basaltic melt was measured at 1.0 GPa. Melt inclusions and melts within a few 100 microns of plagioclase– melt interfaces were analyzed for comparison with melt compositions far from the crystals. Melt inclusions and melt compositions in the boundary layer close to the crystal–melt interface were similar, but both differ significantly in incompatible element concentrations from melt found greater than approximately 200 microns away from the crystals. The compositional profiles of S, Cl, P, Fe, and Al in the boundary layers were successfully reproduced by a two-step model of rapid crystal growth followed by diffusive relaxation toward equilibrium after termination of crystal growth. Applying this model to investigate possible incompatible element enrichment in natural melt inclusions demonstrated that at growth rates high enough to create the conditions for melt inclusion formation, *10-9–10-8 m s-1, the concentration of water in the boundary layer near the crystal was similar to that of the bulk melt because of its high diffusion coefficient, but sulfur, with a diffusivity similar to major elements and CO2, was somewhat enriched in the boundary layer melt, and phosphorus, with its low diffusion coefficient similar to other high-field strength elements and rare earth elements, was significantly enriched. Thus, the concentrations of sulfur and phosphorus in melt inclusions may over-estimate their values in the bulk melt, and other elements with similar diffusion coefficients may also be enriched in melt inclusions relative to the bulk melt.
    Description: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica and Vulcanologia, Italy
    Description: Published
    Description: 377-395
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Melt inclusions ; Phosphorus diffusion ; Crystal growth ; Diffusive Fractionation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Tidal Modulation of Nonvolcanic Tremor (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Episodes of nonvolcanic tremor and accompanying slow slip recently have been observed in the subduction zones of Japan and Cascadia. In Cascadia, such episodes typically last a few weeks, and differ from “normal” earthquakes in their source location and momentduration scaling. The three most recent episodes in the Puget Sound/Southern Vancouver Island portion of the Cascadia subduction zone have been exceptionally well recorded. In each episode, we see clear pulsing of tremor activity with periods of 12.4 and 24-25 hours, the same as the principal lunar and lunisolar tides. This indicates that the small stresses associated with the solid-earth and ocean tides influence the genesis of tremor much more effectively than they do “normal” earthquakes. Because the lithostatic stresses are 105 times larger than those associated with the tides, we argue that tremor occurs on very weak faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: 186 -189
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Nonvolcanic ; tremor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Can earthquake size be controlled by the initial seconds of rupture? (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: It has been argued that the dominant period T_p derived from the initial seconds of a seismogram, hence only depending on the initial phases of earthquake rupture, seems to scale with the final size of the earthquake. We provide a physical interpretation for the observed scaling and explain how the final earthquake size could be controlled by the initial phase of rupture.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9-19
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: early warning ; fracture energy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Effusive Activity at Mount Etna Volcano (Italy) During the 20th Century: A Contribution to Volcanic Hazard Assessment (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mount Etna is an open conduit volcano, characterised by persistent activity, consisting of degassing and explosive phenomena at summit craters, frequent flank eruptions, and more rarely, eccentric eruptions. All eruption typologies can give rise to lava flows, which represent the greatest hazard by the volcano to the inhabited areas. Historical documents and scientific papers related to the 20th century effusive activity have been examined in detail, and volcanological parameters have been compiled in a database. The cumulative curve of emitted lava volume highlights the presence of two main eruptive periods: (a) the 1900–1971 interval, characterised by a moderate slope of the curve, amounting to 436 · 106 m3 of lava with average effusion rate of 0.2 m3/s and (b) the 1971–1999 period, in which a significant increase in eruption frequency is associated with a large issued lava volume (767 · 106 m3) and a higher effusion rate (0.8 m3/s). The collected data have been plotted to highlight different eruptive behaviour as a function of eruptive periods and summit vs. flank eruptions. The latter have been further subdivided into two categories: eruptions characterised by high effusion rates and short duration, and eruptions dominated by low effusion rate, long duration and larger volume of erupted lava. Circular zones around the summit area have been drawn for summit eruptions based on the maximum lava flow length; flank eruptions have been considered by taking into account the eruptive fracture elevation and combining them with lava flow lengths of 4 and 6 km. This work highlights that the greatest lava flow hazard at Etna is on the south and east sectors of the volcano. This should be properly considered in future land-use planning by local authorities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 407–443
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; effusive activity ; database ; lava flow length ; eruptive fractures ; vent elevation ; hazard zonation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Observatories in Italy (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Monitoring the Earth's magnetic field is carried out by geomagnetic observatories all over the world. In Italy, the first observatory was founded in 1880, when Pietro Tacchini, the director of the Central Meteorological Institute (Ufficio Centrale di Meteorologia), launched an initiative to study the distribution of the Earth's magnetic field over the Italian territory.
    Description: Published
    Description: 733
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: 5.3. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earth's magnetic field ; Magnetic observatories ; Italy ; L'Aquila and Castello Tesino ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Geochemistry and potential use of groundwater in the Rocca Busambra area (Sicily, Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the Rocca Busambra area (mid-west Sicily, Italy), from November 1999 to July 2002, 23 water points including wells and springs were sampled and studied for their chemical and isotopic compositions. Two rain gauges were also installed at different altitudes, and rainwater was collected monthly to determine the isotopic composition. The obtained results revealed the Rocca Busambra carbonate complex as being the main recharge area on account of its high permeability value. From a chemical view point, two main groups of water can be distinguished: calcium– magnesium–bicarbonate-type and calcium–magnesium– chloride–sulphate-type waters. The first group reflects the dissolution of the carbonate rocks; the second group probably originates from circulation within flyschoid sediments. Three water wells differ from the other samples due to their relatively high Na and K content, which probably is to be referred to a marked interaction with the ‘‘Calcareniti di Corleone’’ formation, which is rich in glauconite [(K, Na)(Fe3+, Al, Mg)2(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2]. In accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water (2004), almost all the samples collected can be considered drinkable, with the exception of four of them, whose NO3 -, F- and Na+ contents exceed the limits. On the contrary, the sampled groundwater studied is basically suitable for irrigation
    Description: In press
    Description: on line first
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Water quality ; Geochemistry ; Environmental isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Impact of extreme CO2 levels on tropical climate: A CGCM study (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A coupled general circulation model has been used to perform a set of experiments with high CO2 concentration (2, 4, 16 times the present day mean value). The experiments have been analyzed to study the response of the climate system to strong radiative forcing in terms of the processes involved in the adjustment at the ocean-atmosphere interface. The analysis of the experiments revealed a non-linear response of the mean state of the atmosphere and ocean to the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. In the 16xCO2 experiment the equilibrium at the ocean-atmosphere interface is characterized by an atmosphere with a shut off of the convective precipitation in the tropical Pacific sector, associated with air warmer than the ocean below. A cloud feedback mechanism is found to be involved in the increased stability of the troposphere. In this more stable condition the mean total precipitation is mainly due to large-scale moisture flux even in the tropics. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean the zonal temperature gradient of both surface and sub-surface waters is significantly smaller in the 16xCO2 experiment than in the control experiment. The thermocline slope and the zonal wind stress decrease as well. When the CO2 concentration increases by about two and four times with respect to the control experiment there is an intensification of El Nino. On the other hand, in the experiment with 16 times the present-day value of CO2, the Tropical Pacific variability weakens, suggesting the possibility of the establishment of permanent warm conditions that look like the peak of El Nino.
    Description: Published
    Description: 743-758
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: coupled model ; CO2 increase ; climate sensitivity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics
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    Jean Vogt 1929-2005. His Life as a Seismologist, Geologist, Geographer, and Historian (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Jean Vogt was born in 1929 in Strasbourg (France), where he attended primary and secondary school. At the University of Strasbourg, he graduated in Geography, and majored in Geomorphology. His professor was the geographer Jean Tricart, who taught him the importance of both geological field work and archive investigation. In 1955 he joined the French West-Africa Geological Service and later the French Bureau for Geology and Mines (BRGM). Along the following 20 years he lived as a “geological” globetrotter in a number of countries, dispensing his time between the field and the archives. In these years, he was concerned mainly with mining geology, geomorphology, superficial deposits, and landslides. This unique experience led him in 1975 to the responsibility of the “Seismo-Tectonic Project”, the BRGM project in relation with the French nuclear power programme. From 1975 to 1984, he gave a substantial impulse to the study of French historical earthquakes, and since then he visited almost every public archive in France, and several major archives and libraries in Europe and abroad. He took care at the same time of the follow-up of macroseismic studies of present-day earthquakes. After he retired in 1984, he continued on a personal basis his investigations of historical earthquakes, in Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caribbean area. Alongside and for about 50 years, Jean Vogt investigated uninterruptedly the agrarian history of Northeastern France and Southwestern Germany. He published in scientific journals and in local learned societies bulletins more than 500 notes and articles devoted to a variety of subjects, such as soil erosion, agriculture, cattle trade, and social conflicts. Jean Vogt died on 5 June 2005 in Strasbourg. His scientific legacy consists of a wealth of published papers, manuscripts, documentation related to history and seismology, awaiting to be further exploited, as he would have done.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-16
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Jean Vogt ; biography ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 21
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    Strong Earthquakes in North-Western Africa in the Second Half of the 17th Century, AD: A Critical Reappraisal of the Historical Evidence (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The recent seismological literature recorded three strong earthquakes in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia between 1656 and 1694 AD. The historical evidence for these derives from European sources only (gazettes, journalistic pamphlets, missionary literature). Considering the kind of sources involved, their likely biases and the geographical distances that divided their places of production from the places that they spoke about, it is possible that some of these accounts could be less than reliable, and therefore have little use as materials from which to assess earthquake parameters. To answer these doubts, we have retrieved, cross-checked and critically analysed the original historical sources quoted in previous compilations and studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 163-184
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; North Africa Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 22
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    The occurrence of Mt Barca flank eruption in the evolution of the NW periphery of Etna volcano (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geological surveys, tephrostratigraphic study, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations have allowed us to chronologically constrain the geological evolution of the lower NW flank of Etna volcano and to reconstruct the eruptive style of the Mt Barca flank eruption. This peripheral sector of the Mt Etna edifice, corresponding to the upper Simeto valley, was invaded by the Ellittico volcano lava flows between 41 and 29 ka ago when the Mt Barca eruption occurred. The vent of this flank eruption is located at about 15 km away from the summit craters, close to the town of Bronte. The Mt Barca eruption was characterized by a vigorous explosive activity that produced pyroclastic deposits dispersed eastward and minor effusive activity with the emission of a 1.1-km-long lava flow. Explosive activity was characterized by a phreatomagmatic phase followed by a magmatic one. The geological setting of this peripheral sector of the volcano favors the interaction between the rising magma and the shallow groundwater hosted in the volcanic pile resting on the impermeable sedimentary basement. This process produced phreatomagmatic activity in the first phase of the eruption, forming a pyroclastic fall deposit made of high-density, poorly vesicular scoria lapilli and lithic clasts. Conversely, during the second phase, a typical strombolian fall deposit formed. In terms of hazard assessment, the possible occurrence of this type of highly explosive flank eruption, at lower elevation in the densely inhabited areas, increases the volcanic risk in the Etnean region and widens the already known hazard scenario.
    Description: INGV-DPC V3_6 project UR V3_6/07
    Description: In press
    Description: on line first
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; unconformity ; tephostratigraphy ; 40Ar/39Ar age determination ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 23
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    Chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal springs, fumaroles and bubbling gases at Tacaná Volcano (Mexico–Guatemala): implications for volcanic surveillance (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study presents baseline data for future geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano–hydrothermal system (Mexico–Guatemala). Seven groups of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the northwest foot of the volcano (1,500–2,000m a.s.l.); another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera). The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal (T from 25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO3–SO4 waters are thought to have formed by the absorption of a H2S/SO2–CO2-enriched steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed by Na/HCO3-enriched meteoric waters originating from the higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) of meteoric and spring waters. Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at~3,600m a.s.l. NW of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ18O as low as −128 and −19.9‰, respectively) resulting from steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO2-dominated. The δ13CCO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of −3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in 3He/4He ratios for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to 6.9 atmospheric 3He/4He ratio (RA)] is ascribed to a different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic edifice and the crystalline basement (4He source). Tacaná volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting the CO2/3He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower gas/water ratios show higher 3He/4He ratios and consequently lower CO2/3He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical Central American CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios are found for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6 × 1010 and 6.0 ± 0.9 RA, respectively). The L/S (5.9 ± 0.5)and (L + S)/M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc,Tacana
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tacaná volcano ; Fluid geochemistry ; Volcano–hydrothermal system ; Bubbling gases ; Fumaroles ; Isotopes ; Volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 24
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    Hardware in the Loop Tuning for a volcanic Gas Sampling UAV (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Significant advances have been made in recent years in volcanic eruption forecasting and in understanding the behaviour of volcanoes. A major requirement is improvement in the collection of field data using innovative methodologies and sensors. Collected data are typically used as input for computer simulations of volcanic activity, to improve forecasts for longlived volcanic phenomena, such as lava flow eruptions and sand-rain. This research was conducted in cooperation with OTe Systems Catania, Italy [16].
    Description: Published
    Description: 473-493
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle ; volcanic plume sampling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 25
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    Volcanological inferences from seismic-strain tensor computations at Mt. Etna Volcano, Sicily (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Kostrov's (1974) algorithm for seismic-strain tensor computations, in the version implemented by Wyss et al. (1992a) for error estimates, has been applied to shear-type earthquakes occurring beneath the Etna volcano during 1990-1996. Space-time variations of strain orientations and amplitudes have been examined jointly with ground-deformation and gravimetric data collected in the same period and reported in the literature. Taking also into account the information available from volcanological observations and structural geology, we propose a model assuming that hydraulic pressure by magma emplaced in nearly north-south vertical structures produces the E-W orientation of the maximum compressive strain found in the upper 10 km beneath the crater area. In contrast, regional tectonics deriving from the slow, north-south convergence between the African and European plates appear to play a dominant role in the generation of stress and strain fields at crustal depths deeper than 10 km below the volcano. According to our interpretation, the progressive ascent of magma through the upper crust prior to eruption produces the observed gravity changes, cone inflation and unusual seismic strain rate in the upper 10 km associated with a more sharply defined seismic deformation regime (i.e. very small confidence limits of the epsilon 1 orientation). In agreement with this model, deflation revealed by ground-deformation data during the course of the major 1991-1993 eruption was accompanied by a practically nil level of shallow seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-330
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Italy ; Earthquakes ; Seismic strain ; Stress inversion ; Volcanic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 26
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    BET_EF: a probabilistic tool for long- and short-term eruption forecasting (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a Bayesian event tree model for eruption forecasting (BET_EF). The model represents a flexible tool to provide probabilities of any specific event at which we are interested in, by merging all the relevant available information, such as theoretical models, a priori beliefs, monitoring measures, and any kind of past data. BET_EF is based on a Bayesian procedure and it relies on the fuzzy approach to manage monitoring data. The method deals with short- and long-term forecasting, therefore it can be useful in many practical aspects, as land use planning, and during volcanic emergencies. Finally, we provide the description of a free software package that provides a graphically supported computation of short- to long-term eruption forecasting, and a tutorial application to the recent MESIMEX exercise at Vesuvius.
    Description: Published
    Description: 623-632
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: eruption forecasting ; event tree ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 27
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    Fluorine speciation in topsoils of three active volcanoes of Sicily (Italy) (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fluorine is one of the many environmental harmful elements released by volcanic activity. The content of total, oxalate extractable and water extractable fluorine was determined in 96 topsoils of three active volcanic systems of southern Italy (Mt. Etna, Stromboli and Vulcano). Total fluorine content (FTOT) ranges from 112 to 7430 mg kg-1, F extracted with oxalate (FOX) ranges from 16 to 2320 mg kg-1 (2 – 93 % of FTOT) and F extracted with distilled water (FH2O) ranges from 1.7 to 159 mg kg-1 (0.2 – 40 % of FTOT). Fluorine in the sampled topsoils derives both from the weathering of volcanic rocks and ashes and from enhanced deposition due to volcanic gas emissions either from open-conduit passive degassing (Mt. Etna and Stromboli) or from a fumarolic field (Vulcano). Fluorine accumulation in the studied soils does generally not present particular environmental issues except for a few anomalous sites at Vulcano where measured contents could be dangerous both for vegetation and for grazing animals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 413-423
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: soil fluorine ; oxalate extractable F ; water extractable F ; environmental impact of volcanic F ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 28
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    Investigation of pre-1700 Earthquakes Between the Adda and the Middle Adige River Basins (Southern Alps) (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While the seismicity of the Southern Alps is high in the Eastern sector, corresponding to the Veneto and Friuli regions, it decreases towards West up to the Adda River. In the sector between the Lessini Mts. and Eastern Friuli the damaging earthquakes are clustered in a well defined seismic belt, where seismogenic sources responsible for earthquakes with Mw 6 have been defined in recent works. In contrast, the knowledge of the Southalpine sector West of this area is sparser; the area experienced some earthquakes with Mw〉5.5 and varied events with 4.8≤Mw≤5.5 the distribution of which is, apparently, random. For the area roughly defined by the basins of the Adda River to the West and the middle Adige River to the East, this paper reappraises the background knowledge of the earthquakes occurred before 1700. The investigation and the results are presented according to two successive periods, up to 1995 and from 1995 on. In the research performed up to 1995, the most important achievements concerned two different aspects: i) the assessement of several “fake quakes”, some of which were the object of paradigmatic case-histories; ii) the resizing and relocation of several, presumed damaging earthquakes. Though this round of investigation changed significantly the picture of the seismicity with respect to the Seventies, the research continued. For the period from 1995 on, the discussion focuses on the reliability of the available information; material that received little or no consideration before, new historical findings and comments to the seismological interpretation as in the most recent literature are also presented. This part includes also the discussion of archaeoseismological evidence of damage related to past earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 93-129
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: historical seismology ; Adda and Middle Adige River Basins ; Southern Alps ; archaeoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 29
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    In Troubled Times, in a Divided Country: The 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Valtiberina region (central Italy) has a seismic record going back to the Middle Ages and including five Io 〉 VIII MCS earthquakes, the earliest of which (1352, 1389, 1458). though recently and extensively studied, remain rather poorly known. This makes it all the more important to ensure that the later ones (1789, 1917) are as throughly studied as possible. The 1789 earthquake is listed by the current Italian catalogue (CPTI Working Group 2004) with Io VIII-IX MCS and Mm 5.8. These parameters were assessed from a database of 28 macroseismic intensity data points (Castelli et al. 1996), which is less than plentiful for a late 18th century earthquake. An analysis of the historical context of the 1789 earthquake and its influence on the production of contemporary accounts evidences a few research paths that previous studies either did not or could not take. Following them, the macroseismic database of the 1789 earthquake can be noticeably improved, providing the catalogue compiler with a mean to check the reliability of its current parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249-260
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical Seismicity ; 1789 Valtiberina Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 30
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    Volcanic Eruptions:Cyclicity during Lava Dome Growth (2008)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We consider the process of slow extrusion of very viscous magma that forms lava domes. Dome-building eruptions are commonly associated with hazardous phenomena, in- cluding pyroclastic flows generated by dome collapses, explosive eruptions and volcanic blasts. These eruptions commonly display fairly regular alternations between pe- riods of high and low or no activity with time scales from hours to years. Usually hazardous phenomena are asso- ciated with periods of high magma discharge rate, thus, understanding the causes of pulsatory activity during ex- trusive eruptions is an important step towards forecasting volcanic behavior, especially the transition to explosive ac- tivity when magma discharge rate increases by a few orders of magnitude. In recent years the risks have increased be- cause the population density in the vicinity of many active volcanoes has increased.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic Eruptions ; Cyclicity ; During Lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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    Simulating Earthquake Scenarios in the European Project LESSLOSS: The Case of Lisbon (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-30
    Description: Within the framework of the European LESSLOSS Project “Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides”, finite-fault seismological models have been proposed for the computation of earthquake scenarios for three urban areas: Istanbul (Turkey), Lisbon (Portugal) and Thessaloniki (Greece). For each case study, ground motion scenarios were developed for the two most probable events with different return periods (generally 50 and 500 years), locations and magnitudes that were derived from historical and geological data. The ground motion simulations were performed in the frequency band of engineering interest (0.5-20 Hz) by two numerical finite-fault methods: a hybrid deterministic-stochastic method, DSM, used for all of the cases investigated, and a non-stationary stochastic finite-fault simulation method, RSSIM, applied only in the case of Lisbon. In the present study, the results with respect to bedrock and surface are presented in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the city of Lisbon and the surrounding area, using earthquake scenarios from the onshore source area of the Lower Tagus Valley, and from the offshore source area of the Marques de Pombal fault, which is one of the possible sources of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Site effects are evaluated by means of a properly designed equivalent stochastic non-linear one-dimensional ground response analyses of stratified soil profile units. The requirements of the users (e.g., engineers, local administrators) constrain the choice of the scenario that can be adopted as input for disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling; in the case of Lisbon, the maximum values of shaking were assumed as the criteria for the reference scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 233-243
    Description: 3T. Storia Sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Simulating Earthquake Scenarios ; European LESSLOSS project ; The Case of Lisbon ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Heavy metals distribution of soils around mining sites of cadmium-rich marine sedimentary phosphorites of Kpogamé and Hahotoé (Southern Togo) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Metal concentrations of 37 soil samples taken from mining areas (abandoned mine pits and transport routes) in Kpogamé and Hahotoé (southern Togo) range from 0.2-43 ppm for Cd, 15-115 ppm for Pb, 182-1,029 ppm for Cr, 18-356 ppm for Cu, 15-342 pm for Ni, 90-513 ppm for V, 35-536 ppm for Zn, 80-469 ppm for Zr and 266-3,161 ppm for Sr. The tropical alteration of the ore waste plays an important role in the distribution of trace elements in the studied soils. Because the alteration affects the element mobility, generally old abandoned mining areas, which , together with soils near the transport routes, show a higher degree of contamination. Under low pH and oxidising conditions in studied soils Cd, Ni and Zn are generally easily mobilised and are thus available to the environment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Mining ; Phosphorite ; Pollution
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    VLNDEF Project for Geodetic Infrastructure Definition of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Scientific investigations in Antarctica are, for many different reasons, a challenging and fascinating task. Measurements, observations and field operations must be carefully planned well in advance and the capacity of successfully meeting the goals of a scientific project is often related to the capacity of forecasting and anticipating the many different potential mishaps. In order to do that, experience and logistic support are crucial. On the scientific side, the team must be aware of its tasks and be prepared to carry out observations in a hostile environment: both technology and human resources have to be suitably selected, prepared, tested and trained. On the logistic side, nations, institutions and any other organisation involved in the expeditions must ensure the proper amount of competence and practical support. The history of modern Italian Antarctic expeditions dates back to the middle 80’s when the first infrastructures of “Mario Zucchelli Station”, formerly Terra Nova Bay Station, were settled at Terra Nova Bay, Northern Victoria Land. Only a few years later, the first geodetic infrastructures were planned and built. Italian geodetic facilities and activities were, ever since, being constantly maintained and developed. Nowadays, the most remarkable geodetic infrastructures are the permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) station (TNB1) installed at Mario Zucchelli and the GPS geodetic network Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) entirely deployed on an area extending between 71° S and 76° S and 160° E and 170° E. These facilities do not only allow carrying out utmost geodetic investigations but also posses interesting capacities on the international multidisciplinary scientific scenario. In order to fully exploit their potentiality, management and maintenance of the infrastructure are crucial; nevertheless, in order to perform high quality scientific research, these abilities must be coupled with the knowledge concerning a proper use and a correct processing of the information that these infrastructures can provide. This work focuses on the different methods that can be applied to process the observations that are performed with GPS technique in Northern Victoria Land, aiming at reaching the highest accuracy of results and assuring the larger significance and versatility of the processing outcomes. Three software were used for the analysis, namely: Bernese v.5.0, Gipsy/Oasis II and Gamit/Globk. The working data sets are (i) the permanent GPS station TNB1 observations continuously performed since 1998 and (ii) the five episodic campaigns performed on the sites of VLNDEF. The two infrastructures can be regarded as neat examples of standard geodetic installation in Antarctica. Therefore, the technological solutions that were adopted and applied for establishing the GPS permanent station and the VLNDEF geodetic network as well as the data processing strategies and the data analysis procedures that were tested on their observation will be illustrated in detail. The results will be presented, compared and discussed. Furthermore, their potentials and role in geodetic research will be carefully described; their versatility will also be highlighted in the foreground of a multidisciplinary Antarctic international scientific activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-72
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Geodesy ; Geodetic Infrastructures ; GPS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
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    Correlation between damage distribution and ambient noise H/V spectral ratio: the SESAME project results (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: In the framework of the SESAME project one of the taskswas the compilation of all available ambient noise measurements within urban environments affected by historical or/and recent strong earthquakes in Europe. The aim of such a task was to give an answer to the question; “How does horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio compare with damage in modern cities?”. For this purpose five European urban areas, namely, Angra do Heroismo (Portugal), Fabriano and Palermo (Italy), Thessaloniki and Kalamata (Greece) were selected for which spatial damage information was available either in terms of modified Mercalli intensity or in EMS98 damage grades. The geological setting of the examined sites as well as the causative earthquakes are satisfactorily known. Ambient noise recordings compiled for all examined sites have been homogeneously processed by a technique developed and agreed upon SESAME project. Using a standard multivariate statistical analysis, namely, factor analysis and canonical correlation, the horizontal-to-vertical ambient noise spectral ratio (HVNSR) is correlated with damage pattern observed within examined urban areas. Results show that, in some cases (Thessaloniki, Palermo), the HVNSR seems to be able to differentiate between areas previously shown to be associated with higher damage. In other cases however (Angra do Heroismo, Fabriano, Kalamata), the correlation is not statistically significant indicating thus the complex character of the parameters involved, implying that currently there is no a straightforward way that a value of HVNSR can correctly predict the extent to which a given region will be associated with increased damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 109–140
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ambient noise ; Site effect ; Macroseismic intensity ; Factor and canonical analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Deriving vulnerability curves using Italian earthquake damage data (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: The concerted effort to collect earthquake damage data in Italy over the past 30 years has led to the development of an extensive database from which vulnerability predictions for the Italian building stock can be derived. A methodology to derive empirical vulnerability curves with the aforementioned data is presented herein and the resulting curves have been directly compared with mechanics-based vulnerability curves. However, it has been found that a valid comparison between the empirical and analytical vulnerability curves is not possible mainly due to a number of shortcomings in the database of surveyed buildings. A detailed discussion of the difficulties in deriving vulnerability curves from the current observed damage database is thus also presented.
    Description: DPC — Dipartimento della Protezione Civile MIUR – Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca - project AIRPLANE
    Description: Published
    Description: 485–504
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: vulnerability curves ; damage data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Progress, prospects and pitfalls in primate biogeography (2008)
    Springer
    In:  Primate Biogeography, Progress and Prospects vol. 77 no. 2, pp. 135-138
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Keywords: primates ; biogeography
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/review
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    Some experimental and theoretical studies on the Mn magnetic moment in Y ( Ni 1 - x Mn x ) 2 B 2 C (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 307-311 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.25.Jb Electronic structure – 75.10.Lp Band and itinerant models – 75.30.Hx Magnetic impurity interactions – 74.25.Ha Magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The magnetic moment of the Mn impurities was obtained from magnetization measurements of Y ( Ni 1 - x Mn x ) 2 B 2 C as a function of the concentration x less than 0.15. Using the coherent potential approximation and starting from 3 d density of states, obtained from the first principles calculations, the magnetic moments are obtained within a two sublattice model. For adequately estimated values of the Coulomb interactions U, the position of the energy level of Mn and adopting values for the intersublattice hybridization term, a qualitative agreement with the observed experimental data is obtained.
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    The September 11 attack: A percolation of individual passive support (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 269-272 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees – 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 87.23.Ge Dynamics of social systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A model to terrorism is presented using the theory of percolation. Terrorism power is related to the spontaneous formation of random backbones of people who are sympathetic to terrorism but without being directly involved in it. They just don't oppose in case they could. In the past such friendly-to-terrorism backbones have been always existing but were of finite size and localized to a given geographical area. The September 11 terrorist attack on the US has revealed for the first time the existence of a world wide spread extension. It is argued to have result from a sudden world percolation of otherwise unconnected and dormant world spread backbones of passive supporters. The associated strategic question is then to determine if collecting ground information could have predict and thus avoid such a transition. Our results show the answer is no, voiding the major criticism against intelligence services. To conclude the impact of military action is discussed.
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    Element-specific magnetic long- and short-range order and competing interactions in Gd x Eu 1 - x S (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 273-289 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.25.+z Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarised electron studies, synchrotron-source X-ray scattering, etc.). – 75.40.Cx Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.) – 78.70.Ck X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We report on an investigation of the magnetic properties of Gd x Eu 1 - x S mixed crystals with compositions in the range of 0.6 〈 x 〈 1. For the two samples Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 S and Gd 0.73 Eu 0.27 S a long-range antiferromagnetic order was observed at low temperatures. Element-specific measurements exhibited a different temperature dependence of the reduced sublattice magnetisation of the two magnetic species. A model calculation and Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the different temperature dependence is due to frustration effects. These frustration effects lead to a breakdown of the long-range order for higher europium contents. For the Gd 0.67 Eu 0.33 S-sample we were able to observe a short-range antiferromagnetic order with correlation lengths of a few 10Å with X-ray resonance exchange scattering.
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    Generation of 3rd and 5th harmonics in a thin superconducting film by temperature oscillations and isothermal nonlinear current response (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 291-296 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.25.Fy Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.) – 74.40.+k Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.) – 74.76.-w Superconducting films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The generation of harmonics of the voltage response is considered when an AC current is applied through a superconducting film above Tc. It is shown that almost at all temperatures the mechanism of the temperature oscillations created by the AC current and the temperature dependence of the resistance dominates over the isothermal nonlinear electric conductivity. Only in a narrow critical region close to Tc the latter is essential for the generation of the harmonics. A detailed investigation of harmonics generation provides an accurate method for measuring the thermal boundary conductance between the film and the insulating substrate. The critical behaviour of the third harmonic will give a new method for the determination of the lifetime of metastable Cooper pairs above Tc. The comparison of the calculated fifth harmonics of the voltage with the experiment is proposed as an important test for the applicability of the employed theoretical models.
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    The asymptotic behaviour of the exact and approximative ν = 1/2   Chern-Simons Green's functions (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 307-318 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) – 73.43.-f Quantum Hall effects – 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider the asymptotic behaviour of the Chern-Simons Green's function of the ν = 1/ system for an infinite area in position-time representation. We calculate explicitly the asymptotic form of the Green's function of the interaction free Chern-Simons system for small times. The calculated Green's function vanishes exponentially with the logarithm of the area. Furthermore, we discuss the form of the divergence for all τ and also for the Coulomb interacting Chern-Simons system. We compare the asymptotics of the exact Chern-Simons Green's function with the asymptotics of the Green's function in the Hartree-Fock as well as the random-phase approximation (RPA). The asymptotics of the Hartree-Fock Green's function correspondence well with the exact Green's function. In the case of the RPA Green's function we do not get the correct asymptotics. At last, we calculate the self consistent Hartree-Fock Green's function.
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    Probing electron-phonon coupling in high-Tc superconductors by site-selective isotope substitution (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 323-328 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 63.20.Kr Phonon-electron and phonon-phonon interactions – 74.25.Kc Phonons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider changes in the electron-phonon coupling in high-T c cuprates caused by site-selective oxygen isotope substitution. Contrary to the total substitution, the site-selective replacement influences the coupling constant for each phonon mode due to the induced changes in the phonon eigenvectors. The relative changes for some modes can be larger than 100%. The measured properties sensitive to these changes are discussed.
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    MO analysis of macroscopic supercurrent flow in MgB 2 (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 297-300 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.70.-b Superconducting materials (excluding high-Tc compounds) – 74.50.+r Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects – 74.80.-g Spatially inhomogeneous structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present results from an extended magneto-optical (MO) analysis of two samples cut from high-density pellets of MgB2. The first sample was studied in order to show that no matter how large the sample is and despite the bulk granularity, the material enters into a critical state in a crystal-like fashion. The second sample was chosen for the quantitative analysis. A numerical approach based on an inverted 2D Biot-Savart model was used to calculate the current paths across the homogeneous polycrystalline bulk, as well as in the vicinity and across some morphological defects. Local current densities in the homogeneous part were estimated as a function of the applied magnetic field at different temperatures, in three regimes: below full penetration, at full penetration and above full penetration, respectively. A hypothesis of interpretation of the apparent absence of magnetic granularity inside the polycrystalline microstructure is presented. It is related to a critical state likely reached by a network of strongly coupled Josephson junctions.
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    Calculation of partial structure factors of a less-simple binary alloy (2002)
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    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 319-322 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.25.Mv Liquid metals and alloys – 61.20.-p Structure of liquids
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The partial static structure factors, using the Faber-Ziman (FZ) theory, have been calculated for Ag-In alloy. For 20% Ag at 623 K and 70% Ag at 973 K, the interionic pair potential based on the Bretonnet-Silbert (BS) formalism are calculated and the hard sphere diameters for the component elements are estimated from the potential profile using the linearised Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (LWCA) method. The average number densities are calculated on the assumption that the atomic volumes are simply additive. The calculated structure factors are compared with the experimental values. The partial structure factors for Ag-Ag at 20% Ag and In-In at 70% Ag appear to be slightly out of phase with the calculated values particularly in large q-region. From the calculations it appears that this discrepancy is related to the process of derivation of the experimental structure factors from the total one, and the Ag-In alloy can be described by a mixture of hard spheres.
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    Intercalation and high temperature superconductivity of fullerides (2002)
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    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 3-6 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.70.Wz Fullerenes and related materials – 74.72.-h High-Tc compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Intercalation of polyatomic molecules into a superconductor can drastically affect the properties of the compound. A mechanism responsible for a large increase in T c for such systems is proposed. It explains the recent remarkable observation of high T c superconductivity in the hole-doped C60/CHX3 (X≡Cl, Br) compounds and the large shift in their T c upon Cl↦Br substitution. The increase in T c is due to contribution to the pairing arising from the interaction of electrons with the vibrational manifold of the molecule. The proposed mechanism opens up the possibility to observe a site-selective isotope effect. We also suggest that intercalating CHI3 would further increase the critical temperature to T c≃ 140 K.
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    Giant moments of Fe and Co on and in rubidium aaand potassium films (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 7-11 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.20.Hr Local moment in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions – 71.20.Dg Alkali and alkaline earth metals – 73.50.-h Electronic transport phenomena in thin films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Thin quench-condensed films of Rb and K are covered with 1/100 of a mono-layer of Fe or Co. Then the impurities are covered with several atomic layers of the host. The magnetization of the films is measured by means of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The magnetization follows a Brillouin function with a magnetic moment of more than 10 Bohr magnetons for bulk Co and Fe impurities. These moments are much larger than the moments of the atomic configurations of Fe and Co and suggest enhanced magnetic moments of the impurities.
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    Strain effect on transport properties of SrRuO 3 films grown by laser MBE (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 81.15.Fg Laser deposition – 75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films – 81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Transport properties of SrRuO3 thin films were studied as a function of the epitaxial strain. SrRuO3 films were grown on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by the Pulsed Laser Deposition technique equipped with Reflection High Energy Electrons Diffraction (RHEED). Samples thickness has been varied from a few unit cells to above 1000 Å while monitoring RHEED intensity oscillations. In thicker films epitaxial strain was found to be progressively relaxed. SrRuO3 relaxed films (thickness 1000 Å) show metallic behavior for the whole temperature range with a ferromagnetic ordering at about 150 K. For thinner films, ferromagnetic ordering occurs at progressively lower temperatures, until in films thinner than 400 Å it disappears. Films thinner than 80 Å show a semiconducting behavior at low temperatures. Our results provide direct evidence of the crucial role of the strain effect for conducting and magnetic properties of SrRuO3.
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    Persistence distributions in a conserved lattice gas with absorbing states (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 75-79 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics – 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 05.65.+b Self-organized systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Extensive simulations are performed to study the persistence behavior of a conserved lattice gas model exhibiting an absorbing phase transition from an active phase into an inactive phase. Both the global and the local persistence exponents are determined in two and higher dimensions. The local persistence exponent obeys a scaling relation involving the order parameter exponent of the absorbing phase transition. Furthermore we observe that the global persistence exponent exceeds its local counterpart in all dimensions in contrast to the known persistence behavior in reversible phase transitions.
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    Renormalization group treatment of the scaling properties of finite systems with subleading long-range interaction (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 89-99 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 64.60.-i General studies of phase transitions – 64.60.Fr Equilibrium properties near critical points, critical exponents – 75.40.-s Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The finite size behavior of the susceptibility, Binder cumulant and some even moments of the magnetization of a fully finite O(n) cubic system of size L are analyzed and the corresponding scaling functions are derived within a field-theoretic ɛ-expansion scheme under periodic boundary conditions. We suppose a van der Waals type long-range interaction falling apart with the distance r as r - (d + σ), where 2 〈 σ 〈 4, which does not change the short-range critical exponents of the system. Despite that the system belongs to the short-range universality class it is shown that above the bulk critical temperature T c the finite-size corrections decay in a power-in-L, and not in an exponential-in-L law, which is normally believed to be a characteristic feature for such systems.
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    Hydrodynamic vector potentials (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 121-132 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 47.20.Ft Instability of shear flows – 47.27.Cn Transition to turbulence – 47.11.+j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Solving the Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible fluids is greatly simplified by the solution of the vorticity equation. To accomplish this for three-dimensional flows requires vector potentials. These potentials are not only useful to take care of the incompressibility. Their modes are suitable also as test functions since the familiar Galerkin procedure does not work. The new method is checked by examples with known results and its relation to the classical approach with the stream function is clarified. The principle demonstration, however, concerns the transition to turbulence in plane shear flows. A simple layer of long rolls with axes parallel to the basic flow incites the transition.
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    On adiabatic N-soliton interactions and trace identities (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 237-241 
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    Keywords: PACS. 42.65.Tg Optical solitons – 02.30.Ik Integrable systems – 45.20.J Hamiltonian mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We compare the Hamiltonian properties of the N-soliton solutions of the NLSE in the adiabatic approximation and show how it matches the Hamiltonian formulation for the complex Toda chain which describes the adiabatic N-soliton interactions.
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    Effect of phase shift in shape changing collision of solitons in coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 249-254 
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    Keywords: PACS. 42.65.Tg .Optical solitons – 02.30.Ik .Integrable systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Soliton interactions in systems modelled by coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations and encountered in phenomena such as wave propagation in optical fibers and photorefractive media possess unusual features: shape changing intensity redistributions, amplitude dependent phase shifts and relative separation distances. We demonstrate these properties in the case of integrable 2-CNLS equations. As a simple example, we consider the stationary two-soliton solution which is equivalent to the so-called partially coherent soliton (PCS) solution discussed much in the recent literature.
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    Hedgehog production in spatially correlated noise (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 269-271 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 11.27.+d Extended classical solutions; cosmic strings, domain walls, texture – 05.70.Fh Phase transitions: general studies – 67.40.Vs Vortices and turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The production of topological defects during a quench in a φ4 model is investigated. The influence of a spatially correlated noise on defect production in two and three dimensions is demonstrated.
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    Off-center Li ions: solid state rotators described by Mathieu's nonlinear-oscillator equation (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 273-277 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure – 71.38.-k Polarons and electron-phonon interactions – 76.30.Mi Color centers and other defects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Substitutional impurity ions in crystals are known to displace off-center and to perform hindered rotations around the ideal lattice positions. The vibronic theory to describe both the off-center displacements and the hindered rotations by a single angular equation incorporates terms up to 3rd order in the off-center displacement coordinates. When the rotation is confined to a single plane, the corresponding vibronic equation is equivalent to Mathieu's equation. Extending our earlier work, we derive here the dipole-dipole coupling to take into account cooperative phenomena. We also derive the optical absorption band arising from dipolar transitions across “Mexican Hat” surfaces, and we show that hindered rotations gives rise to magnetic moments quantized in rotational bands.
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    Crowdion dynamics in a nonuniformly deformed three-dimensional crystal (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 285-289 
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    Keywords: PACS. 63.20.Ry Anharmonic lattice modes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The problem of crowdion motion is formulated and analyzed as a dynamical problem of a three-dimensional crystal lattice formed by atoms of several kinds, which interact with each other by means of short-range pair potentials. It is explained that in order for the the crowdion excitations of the close-packed atomic rows to be distinguishable against the background of small dynamic deformations of the crystal as a whole, the microscopic parameters of the crystal structure must meet certain stated requirements. The equation of motion of a crowdion in an arbitrary elastic strain field of the crystal is derived in the Lagrangian formalism. Expressions are obtained which relate the effective mass and the rest energy of a crowdion with the geometric and force parameters of the crystal lattice.
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    Standing wave instabilities, breather formation and thermalization in a Hamiltonian anharmonic lattice (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 279-283 
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    Keywords: PACS. 63.20.Ry Anharmonic lattice modes – 45.05.+x General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems – 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Modulational instability of travelling plane waves is often considered as the first step in the formation of intrinsically localized modes (discrete breathers) in anharmonic lattices. Here, we consider an alternative mechanism for breather formation, originating in oscillatory instabilities of spatially periodic or quasiperiodic nonlinear standing waves (SWs). These SWs are constructed for Klein-Gordon or Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger lattices as exact time periodic and time reversible multibreather solutions from the limit of uncoupled oscillators, and merge into harmonic SWs in the small-amplitude limit. Approaching the linear limit, all SWs with nontrivial wave vectors (0 〈 Q 〈 π) become unstable through oscillatory instabilities, persisting for arbitrarily small amplitudes in infinite lattices. The dynamics resulting from these instabilities is found to be qualitatively different for wave vectors smaller than or larger than π/2, respectively. In one regime persisting breathers are found, while in the other regime the system thermalizes.
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    Soliton dynamics in chiral molecular chains with first- and third-neighbour interactions (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 291-294 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 63.20.Ry Anharmonic lattice modes – 78.20.Ek Optical activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We investigate the propagation and interaction of solitons associated with circularly polarized vibrations in gyrotropic media. The chirality of the structure yields different dispersion laws and hence different phase and group velocities for the left- and right-handed modes. The helical arrangement of the monomers is modelled through first- and third-neighbour interactions. The dynamics of the excitations is governed by a system of coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations which is studied both analytically and numerically. Depending on the initial conditions and the interaction constants, different evolutionary patterns are obtained corresponding to unbound or bound one- and two-soliton solutions. The results can be applied to the process of energy transfer in helical polymers.
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    Lattice effects in the quasiparticle dynamics and kinetics (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 295-300 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.60.-k Transport processes – 05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics – 41.20.-q Applied classical electromagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In this work we present a full selfconsistent set of nonlinear equations which unifies the nonlinear elasticity theory equations, the Boltzmannn transport theory and the Maxwell equations for quasiparticles with arbitrary dispersion laws in nonstationarily deformed crystals with arbitrary (but linear) constitutive relations. Transformations to replace the Galilean ones are obtained, the quasiparticle mechanics in a Hamiltonian form is deduced, and a Boltzmann-type transport equation (valid in the whole Brillouin zone) is derived. The theory may be applied to metals, semiconductors, quantum crystals, low-dimensional structures etc.
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    Exciton-polariton solitary waves (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 301-304 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.36.+c Polaritons – 71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Effects of the exciton and polariton dispersions and the nonlinear exciton and photon interactions on the properties of polariton solitons in molecular crystals are investigated. Higher-order terms and phase-modulation (chirp) are taken into account. Bright- and dark-soliton solutions of the resulting modified nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation are presented. Nonlinearity- and dispersion-induced critical points on the polariton dispersion curve are obtained, separating regions with different solutions.
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    Non-linear dynamics of spinodal decomposition (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 305-309 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.45.Yv Solitons – 47.20.Ky Nonlinearity – 47.54.+r Pattern selection; pattern formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We develop a new technique describing the non linear growth of interfaces. We apply this analytical approach to the one dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation. The dynamics is captured through a solvability condition performed over a particular family of quasi-static solutions. The main result is that the dynamics along this particular class of solutions can be expressed in terms of a simple ordinary differential equation. The density profile of the stationary regime found at the end of the non-linear growth is also well characterized. Numerical simulations are compared in a satisfactory way with the analytical results through three different fitting methods and asymptotic dynamics are well recovered, even far from the region where the approximations hold.
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    Elasticity and shape equation of a liquid membrane (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 317-322 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 87.16.Dg Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The density of the elastic energy of a deformed membrane in a liquid state is calculated. The thermodynamic equilibrium of its different parts is taken into account. The shape equation of a closed membrane is deduced. The quantity which keeps its value, when the variations of the energy of the system are calculated, is not the area of the deformed membrane, but its area in the flat tension free state. Because of this, additional terms appear in the second variation around the stable state. The case of a lipid bilayer and its fluctuations is examined for both free and blocked exchange of molecules between the monolayers, comprising the bilayer.
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    An advected-field method for deformable entities under flow (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 311-316 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 87.16.Dg Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles – 47.55.Dz Drops and bubbles – 87.17.Jj Cell locomotion; chemotaxis and related directed motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study dynamics of a deformable entity (such as a vesicles under hydrodynamical constraints). We show how the problem can be solved by means of Green's functions associated with the Stokes equations. A gauge-field invariant formulation makes the study of dynamics efficient. However, this procedure has its short-coming. For example, if the fluids are not Newtonian, then no Green's function is available in general. We introduce a new approach, the advected field one, which opens a new avenue of applications. For example, non-Newtonian entities can be handled without additional deal. In addition problems like budding, droplet break-up in suspensions, can naturally be treated without additional complication. We exemplify the method on vesicles filled by a fluid having a viscosity contrast with the external fluid, and submitted to a shear flow. We show that beyond a viscosity contrast (the internal fluid being more viscous), the vesicle undergoes a tumbling bifurcation, which has a saddle-node nature. This bifurcation is known for blood cells. Indeed red cells either align in a shear flow or tumble according to whether haematocrit concentration is high or low.
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    Complexifications and real forms of Hamiltonian structures (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 177-181 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 02.30.Ik Integrable systems – 02.40.Tt Complex manifolds – 45.20.Jj Lagrangian aaand Hamiltonian mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider generalizations of the standard Hamiltonian dynamics to complex dynamical variables and introduce the notions of real Hamiltonian form in analogy with the notion of real forms for a simple Lie algebra. Thus to each real Hamiltonian system we are able to relate several nonequivalent ones. On the example of the complex Toda chain we demonstrate how starting from a known integrable Hamiltonian system (e.g. the Toda chain) one can complexify it and then project onto different real forms.
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    On the rational solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 183-187 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 11.25.Hf Conformal field theory, algebraic structures – 02.20.Uw Quantum groups – 11.30.Ly Other internal and higher symmetries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present some new results on the rational solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equation for the four-point conformal blocks of isospin I primary fields in the SU (2) k Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model. The rational solutions corresponding to integrable representations of the affine algebra (2) k have been classified in [#!MST!#,#!ST!#]; provided that the conformal dimension is an integer, they are in one-to-one correspondence with the local extensions of the chiral algebra. Here we give another description of these solutions as specific braid-invariant combinations of the so called regular basis introduced in [#!STH!#] and display a new series of rational solutions for isospins I = k + 1,  k ∈ N corresponding to non-integrable representations of (2) k .
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    CEF nature of the magnetic excitations in ordered HoNi B C (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 377-384 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.70.Dd Ternary, quaternary and multinary compounds – 75.10.Dg Crystal-field theory and spin Hamiltonians – 78.70.Nx Neutron inelastic scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The magnetic excitations in the antiferromagnetic phase of HoNi2B2C are studied by inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals for the first time. Spectra measured at constant T = 2 K along symmetry directions of the reciprocal space are well explained in terms of crystal electric field (CEF) magnetic excitons within the J = 8 ground state multiplet of Ho3+. Very modest bandwidth with planar energy dispersion describes the magnetic exciton dynamics. A perturbative model approach consisting of the CEF states in the effective exchange mean-field provides a simple but applicable characterization of the experimental observations. The microscopic determination of the relevant exchange parameters is discussed in connection with previous works on the subject.
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    Ultrametricity between states at different temperatures in spin-glasses (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 425-435 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random models
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We prove the existence of correlations between the equilibrium states at different temperatures of the multi-p-spin spherical spin-glass models with continuous replica symmetry breaking: there is no chaos in temperature in these models. Furthermore, the overlaps satisfy ultrametric relations. As a consequence the Parisi tree is essentially the same at all temperatures with lower branches developing when lowering the temperature. We conjecture that the reference free energies of the clusters are also fixed at all temperatures as in the generalized random-energy model.
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    Lagrangian and Eulerian velocity intermittency (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 357-358 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 47.27.Gs Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Usual turbulence experiments, based on the Taylor hypothesis, differ from true Eulerian measurements. This is the origin of the apparent discrepancy between a recent two point correlation analysis and the multiplicative cascade picture. Indeed, both Eulerian and Lagrangian observations perfectly agree with this picture.
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    The CPA solution of the anomalous Lyapunov exponent for disordered binary chains (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 437-440 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.10.Hk Classical spin models – 78.30.Ly Disordered solids – 71.23.-k Electronic structure of disordered solids
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) self-consistent equation is calculated for a binary disordered chain introducing a simple transformation. The transformation reduces the CPA equation to a cubic polynomial whose complex roots are related to the Green function and their relation to the complex Lyapunov exponent is also established. This solution fruitfully captures essential aspects of the well-known anomalous scaling behaviors in a different and advantageous way. It is found that the anomalous behavior is strongly effected by the nature of these roots. A small disorder expansion is carried out for comparison with the previous weak disorder calculations. We found that the CPA reproduced the anomalous behavior of the exact calculations.
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    Application of percolation theory to current transfer in granular superconductors (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 359-367 
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    Keywords: PACS. 64.60.Ak Renormalization-group, fractal, and percolation studies of phase transitions – 74.25.Fy Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.) – 4.80.Bj Granular, melt-textured, and amorphous superconductors; powders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract: We investigate the description of current transfer in polycrystalline superconductors by percolation theory and its limitations. Various computer models that have been proposed are reviewed and related to the experimental and theoretical framework. While some conductor properties can be well described by percolation theory and models, we argue that a conceptual gap exists between experiment and theory. This gap has to be bridged by finding relations between electromagnetic and statistical parameters. We derive various such relations and compare them with recent simulation data. In particular, we suggest a new scaling law between the two fundamental variables “current” and “probability”.
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    High field transport properties of La Sr CuO epitaxial thin films (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 369-375 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.25.Fy Transport properties – 74.25.jb Electronic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We have studied the temperature dependent resistivity ρ( T ) of La2-xSrxCuO4 epitaxial thin films in the doping range 0.045 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.25 in pulsed magnetic fields up to 50 T. The zero-field resistivity ρ( T ) of these samples in the pseudogap regime, can be scaled onto one single universal curve in a broad temperature range by using a linear transformation of both temperature and resistivity. The high field data ρ( T ) reveal a metal to insulator transition (MIT) at low temperatures, well into the overdoped regime. For samples having k F l 〈 1, with kF the Fermi wave vector and l the mean free path, this low temperature insulating behavior of the resistivity is described by the variable range hopping conductivity (VRH). For samples with k F l 〉 1, the divergence follows ρ( T ) ∼ ln (1/ T ) or a power law, depending upon the Sr-content. We further found that the residual conductivity at the minimum in ρ( T ), appearing due to the MIT, follows a linear behavior with respect to the Sr-content. It is argued that the unusual MIT in compounds with k F l 〉 1, is most probably associated with the pseudogap and the behavior of charge stripes at low temperatures.
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    Dynamics of modulated and composite aperiodic crystals (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 385-398 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.44.-n Semiperiodic solids – 63.20.Dj Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion – 61.12.-q Neutron diffraction and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We compare within an unifying formalism the dynamical properties of modulated and composite aperiodic (incommensurate) crystals. We discuss the concept of inner polarization and we define an inner polarization parameter β that distinguishes between different acoustic modes of aperiodic crystals. Although this concept has its limitations, we show that it can be used to extract valuable information from neutron coherent inelastic scattering experiments. Within certain conditions, the ratio between the dynamic and the static structure factors at various Bragg peaks depends only on β. We show how the knowledge of β for modes of an unknown structure can be used to decide whether the structure is composite or modulated. The same information can be used to predict scattered intensity within unexplored regions of the reciprocal space, being thus a guide for experiments.
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    The 1D Hubbard model within the Composite Operator Method (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 399-417 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.10.Fd Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.) – 71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) – 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Although effective for two dimensional (2D) systems, some approximations may fail in describing the properties of one-dimensional (1D) models, which belong to a different universality class. In this paper, we analyze the adequacy of the Composite Operator Method (COM), which provides a good description of many features of 2D strongly correlated systems, in grasping the physics of 1D models. To this purpose, the 1D Hubbard model is studied within the framework of the COM by considering a two-pole approximation and a paramagnetic ground state. The local, thermodynamic and single-particle properties, the correlation functions and susceptibilities are calculated in the case of half filling and arbitrary filling. The results are compared with those obtained by the Bethe ansatz (BA) as well as by other numerical and analytical techniques. The advantages and limitations of the method are analyzed in detail.
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    Cellular oscillator with a small number of particles (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 485-489 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.10.Ln Monte Carlo methods – 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion – 05.65.+b Self-organized systems – 87.17.-d Cellular structure and processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract: To illustrate complex spatio-temporal effects which are possible in cellular reactions with a small number of particles, we present Monte Carlo simulations of the formation of oscillatory spark-like patterns in a model completely stochastic Ca+2 oscillator. Our analysis shows that in order to observe such patterns the minimum average number of Ca+2 ions in the cytosol may be as low as about 50.
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    Magnetism of alloyed models of Cr(Mn) V and Mn Cr overlayers on V (001) substrates (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 497-501 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The magnetism is calculated for substitutional alloyed of Crx(Mnx)V1-x monolayers (MLs) and CrxMn1-x on V (001) surface with a variety of concentrations (x = 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75). The substitutional surface alloys were treated by an artificial super cell construction. Parallel magnetic ordering is obtained for all the considered structures. The surface net magnetization increases in terms of Cr (Mn) concentration in Crx(Mnx)V1-x/V (001) system, while no serious variations occur in CrxMn1-x/V (001). Vanadium atoms at the interfacial layers acquire appreciable magnetic moments antiferromagneticlly (AF) coupled with the surface moments.
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    Diffusion theory of spin injection through resistive contacts (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 513-527 
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    Keywords: PACS. 72.25.Hg Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers – 72.25.Mk Spin transport through interfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Insertion of a resistive contact between a ferromagnetic metal and a semiconductor microstructure is of critical importance for achieving efficient spin injection into a semiconductor. However, the equations of the diffusion theory are rather cumbersome for the junctions including such contacts. A technique based on deriving a system of self-consistent equations for the coefficients of spin injection, γ, through different contacts are developed. These equations are concise when written in the proper notations. Moreover, the resistance of a two-contact junction can be expressed in terms of γ's of both contacts. This equation makes calculating the spin valve effect straightforward, allows to find an explicit expression for the junction resistance and to prove that its nonequilibrium part is positive. Relation of these parameters to different phenomena like spin-e.m.f. and the contact transients is established. Comparative effect of the Coulomb screening on different parameters is clarified. It is also shown that the spin non-conservation in a contact can have a dramatic effect on the non-equilibrium resistance of the junction.
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    Magnetization and neutron scattering studies of the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in Er Y Co (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 547-552 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.) – 75.25.+z Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source X-ray scattering, etc.) – 74.62.Fj Pressure effects – 61.12.-q Neutron diffraction and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in the pseudobinary Laves-phase compound Er0.57Y0.43Co2 and to determine the magnetic moments of the Er- and Co-subsystems. Our studies reveal that the onset of long-range magnetic order for both the localized 4 f (Er) and itinerant 3 d (Co) electron moments appears at about the same temperature at ambient pressure. The pressure effect on Tc is found to be negative and equal for both sublattices, namely T c / p ∼ - 0.4 K/kbar. The values of the magnetic moments of the Er and the Co ions are found = 5.40±0.15μ B /atom, = 0.50±0.07μ B /atom and 5.35±0.15μ B /atom, 0.37±0.09μ B /atom, for p = 0 and 6 kbar, respectively. Our experimental results give evidence for short-range magnetic order formation at temperatures already above Tc and for a coexistence short- and long-range order below Tc down to 4 K.
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    SrRuO based heterostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 561-566 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 81.15.Fg Laser deposition – 61.10.Kw X-ray reflectometry (surfaces, interfaces, films) – 68.55.Ac Nucleation and growth: microscopic aspects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In this report we demonstrate that high quality epitaxial heterostructures, based on metallic SrRuO3 and insulating SrTiO3 individual blocks a few unit cells thick, can be grown in a purely 2D, layer-by-layer mode, using pulsed laser deposition with in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) diagnostics. The thickness of each constituent block can be controlled at the level of a single unit cell. A detailed investigation carried out at the synchrotron facility, ESRF, by various X-ray techniques has demonstrated that each intensity oscillation of the RHEED specular spot corresponds strictly to the growth of a single perovskite unit cell, either SrRuO3 or SrTiO3. Furthermore, we show that, in these structures, the interfaces between the different constituent blocks are very sharp with a roughness of only one unit cell.
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    Balance-equation approach to impact ionization induced by an intense terahertz radiation: Application to InAs/AlSb heterojunctions (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 553-559 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 73.50.Fq High-field and nonlinear effects – 72.10.-d Theory of electronic transport; scattering mechanisms – 72.20.-i Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We have extended the balance equations to account for conduction-valence interband impact ionization (II) process induced by an intense terahertz (THz) electromagnetic irradiation in semiconductors, and applied them to study the II effect on electron transport and electron-hole pair generation-recombination rate in THz-driven InAs/AlSb heterojunctions (HJ). As many as needed multiphoton channels are self-consistently taken into account for yielding a given accuracy. The time evolution of transport state including THz-radiation-induced II process are monitored in details by an extensive time-dependent analysis. Two different physical stages, the quasi-steady state and the complete steady-state, are clearly identified from the present calculations. Intersubband electron transfer rate and net electron-hole generation rate are derived as functions of the THz radiation strength E ac for various radiation frequencies from f ac = 0.42 to 6 THz at lattice temperatures T = 6 K. It's indicated that the THz radiation with a larger E ac or a lower f ac, has a stronger effect on electron transport and II process. Qualitative agreement is obtained between the calculated electron-hole generation rate and the available experimental data for InAs/AlSb HJ's at T = 6 K.
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    The role of pinning and instability in a class of non-equilibrium growth models (2002)
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    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 567-576 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion – 64.60.Ht Dynamic critical phenomena – 05.70.Ln Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study the dynamics of a growing crystalline facet where the growth mechanism is controlled by the geometry of the local curvature. A continuum model, in (2+1) dimensions, is developed in analogy with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) model is considered for the purpose. Following standard coarse graining procedures, it is shown that in the large time, long distance limit, the continuum model predicts a curvature independent KPZ phase, thereby suppressing all explicit effects of curvature and local pinning in the system, in the “perturbative” limit. A direct numerical integration of this growth equation, in 1+1 dimensions, supports this observation below a critical parametric range, above which generic instabilities, in the form of isolated pillared structures lead to deviations from standard scaling behaviour. Possibilities of controlling this instability by introducing statistically “irrelevant" (in the sense of renormalisation groups) higher ordered nonlinearities have also been discussed.
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    Birth and long-time stabilization of out-of-equilibrium coherent structures (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 577-591 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics – 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study an analytically tractable model with long-range interactions for which an out-of-equilibrium very long-lived coherent structure spontaneously appears. The dynamics of this model is indeed very peculiar: a bicluster forms at low energy and is stable for very long time, contrary to statistical mechanics predictions. We first explain the onset of the structure, by approximating the short time dynamics with a forced Burgers equation. The emergence of the bicluster is the signature of the shock waves present in the associated hydrodynamical equations. The striking quantitative agreement with the dynamics of the particles fully confirms this procedure. We then show that a very fast timescale can be singled out from a slower motion. This enables us to use an adiabatic approximation to derive an effective Hamiltonian that describes very well the long time dynamics. We then get an explanation of the very long time stability of the bicluster: this out-of-equilibrium state corresponds to a statistical equilibrium of an effective mean-field dynamics.
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    Separable-entangled frontier in a bipartite harmonic system (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 605-611 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 03.65.Bz Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including Aharonov-Bohm effect, Bell inequalities, Berry's phase) – 03.67.-a Quantum information – 05.20.-y Classical statistical mechanics – 05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider a statistical mixture based on that of two identical harmonic oscillators which is characterized by four parameters, namely, the concentrations (x and y) of diagonal and nondiagonal bipartite states, and their associated thermal-like noises (T/α and T, respectively). The fully random mixture of two spins 1/2 as well as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state are recovered as particular instances. By using the conditional nonextensive entropy as introduced by Abe and Rajagopal, we calculate a bound for the separable-entangled frontier. Although this procedure is known to provide a necessary but in general not sufficient condition for separability, it does recover, in the particular case x = T = 0 ( ∀α), the 1/3 exact result known as Peres' criterion. The x = 0 frontier remarkably resembles to the critical line associated with standard diluted ferromagnetism where the entangled region corresponds to the ordered one and the separable region to the paramagnetic one. The entangled region generically shrinks for increasing T or increasing α.
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    Envelope solitons induced by high-order effects of light-plasma interaction (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 613-618 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 52.35.Mw Nonlinear phenomena: waves, wave propagation, and other interactions (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.) – 52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma – 52.35.Sb Solitons; BGK modes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The nonlinear coupling between light beams and non-resonant ion density perturbations in a plasma is considered, taking into account the relativistic particle mass increase and the light beam ponderomotive force. A pair of equations comprising a nonlinear Schrödinger equation for light beams and a driven (by the light beam pressure) ion-acoustic wave response is derived. It is shown that the stationary solutions of our nonlinear equations can be represented in the form of a bright and dark/gray soliton for the one-dimensional problem. We also present numerical results which exhibit that our bright soliton solutions are stable exclusively for the values of the parameters compatible with our theory.
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    Genetic Algorithms as a tool in the study of aperiodic order, with application to the case of X-Ray diffraction spectra of GaAs-AlAs multilayer heterostructures (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 619-628 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics – 05.90.+m Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems – 61.10.-i X-ray diffraction and scattering – 61.43.-j Disordered solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present the first application of Genetic Algorithms to the analysis of data from an aperiodically ordered system, high resolution X-Ray diffraction spectra from multilayer heterostructures arranged according to a deterministic or random scheme. This method paves the way to the solution of the “inverse problem”, that is the retrieval of the generating disorder from the investigation of the spectra of an unknown sample having non crystallographic, non quasi-crystallographic order.
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    Inelastic relaxation and noise temperature in S/N/S junctions (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 629-633 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.50.+r Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects – 74.80.Fp Point contacts; SN and SNS junctions – 73.50.Td Noise processes and phenomena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We studied electronic relaxation in long diffusive superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (S/N/S) junctions by means of current noise and transport measurements down to very low temperature (100mK). Samples with normal metal lengths of 4, 10 and 60μm have been investigated. In all samples the shot noise increases very rapidly with the voltage. This is interpreted in terms of enhanced heating of the electron gas confined between the two S/N interfaces. Experimental results are analyzed quantitatively taking into account electron-phonon interaction and heat transfer through the S/N interfaces. Transport measurements reveal that in all samples the two S/N interfaces are connected incoherently, as shown by the reentrance of the resistance at low temperature. The complementarity of noise and transport measurements allows us to show that the energy dependence of the reentrance at low voltage is essentially due to the increasing effective temperature of the quasiparticles in the normal metal.
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    Resonant enhancement of charge transfer through surface states (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 635-639 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states – 73.40.-c Electronic transport in interface structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A model is proposed that treats electrons at surfaces as a combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional degrees of freedom. This yields a simple formula for the surface state induced resonant enhancement of the transfer of electrons through a surface. The model also yields analytic approximations for the transition between two-dimensional and three-dimensional distance laws in the correlations between electrons in surface states.
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    Thermal instability of a rotating saturated porous medium heated from below and submitted to rotation (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 641-647 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 47.20.Bp Buoyancy-driven instability – 44.25.+f Natural convection – 47.27.Te Convection and heat transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In this work, we study the problem of onset of thermal convection in a rotating saturated porous medium heated from below. The effect of rotation is restricted to the Coriolis force, neglecting thus the centrifugal effects, the porous medium is described by Brinkman's model. The linear eigenvalue problem is solved by means of a modified Galerkin method. The behavior of the critical temperature gradient is discussed in terms of various parameters of the system for both stationary and overstable convections. Finally a weakly nonlinear analysis is provided to derive amplitude equations and to study the onset of Küppers-Lortz instability.
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    Super-slippery carbon nanotubes (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 131-134 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.48.+c Fullerenes and fullerene-related materials – 62.20.Qp Tribology and hardness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The friction between the walls of multi-wall carbon nanotubes is shown to be extremely low in general, with important details related to the specific choice of the walls. This is governed by a simple expression revealing that the phenomenon is a profound consequence of the specific symmetry breaking: super-slippery sliding of the incommensurate walls is a Goldstone mode. Three universal principles of tribology, offering a recipe for lubricant selection are emphasized.
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    Electronic structure of Pu monochalcogenides and monopnictides (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 139-146 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions – 71.28.+d Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids – 71.15.Nc Total energy and cohesive energy calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The electronic and magnetic properties of Pu monopnictides and monochalcogenides, PuX (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, S, Se, Te, Po), are studied using the self-interaction-corrected local spin-density approximation. This approach allows for an integer number of f-states to be localized, while the remaining f-electron degrees of freedom are available for band formation. By varying the relative proportions of localized and delocalized f-states, the energetically most favourable (groundstate) configuration can be established. We show that the experimental data can be interpreted in terms of the coexistence of both localized and delocalized f-states.
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    Structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial cobalt islands (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 167-176 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials – 75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy – 75.60-d Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Growth, structural and magnetic properties of cobalt island structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 4 nm thick island shaped Ru buffers are studied. The islands are characterized by a narrow distribution of sizes, and are separated on average by spacing of around one hundred nanometers. Growth of the islands into continuous films is found to proceed in three well defined stages, and corresponding magnetic behaviors are identified. The particles formed in the first stage of growth appear to be similar in shape and size, and their magnetic behavior suggest the presence of superparamagnetism. Particles in the second stage of growth are ferromagnetic and display a reorientation transition of their magnetization out of the film plane, consistent with that seen in patterned magnetic dot arrays. Particles coalesce in the last stage of growth and magnetic properties of continuous films are observed.
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    Electronic structure and metal-insulator transition in SrTi 1 - x Ru xO 3 (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 203-208 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces – 78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra – 71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We studied the changes in the electronic structure of SrTi1-xRuxO3 across the metal-insulator transition. The parent compound, SrTiO3, is a well known diamagnetic insulator; whereas the doped compound, SrTi1-xRuxO3, becomes a ferromagnetic metal above x C = 0.35. The techniques used in the study were photoemission (PES) and O 1 s X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. The experimental spectra were analyzed in terms of band structure and Hubbard model calculations. The PES and XAS spectra of SrTi1-xRuxO3 show the Ru 4 d bands growing in the band gap of SrTiO3 . The analysis in terms of the Hubbard model indicates that the Ti 3 d and Ru 4 d bands are mostly decoupled. This suggests that the metal-insulator transition is a percolation transition like that of metals embedded in a rare gas matrix. Electron correlation effects are present in this system, but they do not seem to play a major role in the transition.
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    Effect of lattice fluctuations on the quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional commensurate system (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 299-306 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.38.-k Polarons and electron-phonon interactions – 71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions – 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of quantum lattice fluctuations on the properties of quantum phase transition in a one-dimensional commensurate system near and at criticality is studied. The nonadiabatic effect due to finite phonon frequency 〉 0 are treated through an energy-dependent electron-phonon scattering function introduced in a unitary transformation. By using the Green's function perturbation theory we have shown that our theory gives a good description of the effect of quantum lattice fluctuations: (1) At the criticality, when the coupling constant g2 decreases or the phonon frequency increases the lattice distortion and the gap in the fermionic spectrum decreases gradually; at some critical value g c 2 or ( )c, the system becomes gapless and the lattice distortion disappears. (2) The calculated density of states do not have the inverse-square-root singularity but have a peak with a significant tail below the peak. (3) At the criticality our approach successfully describes the classical-quantum crossover. In the classical region the adiabatic mean-field parameters may strongly be renormalized by nonadiabatic corrections, and in the quantum region the phase transition is of the signature of a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. (4) Away from the criticality the critical exponents for the energy gap and the ordering parameter have been calculated.
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    Transition to plastic motion as a critical phenomenon and anomalous interface layer of a 2D driven vortex lattice (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 313-317 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 64.60.Ht Dynamic critical phenomena – 74.60.Ge Flux pinning, flux creep and flux-line lattice dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The dynamic transition between ordered flow and plastic flow is studied for a two-dimensional driven vortex lattice, in the presence of sharp and dense pinning centers, from numerical simulations. For this system, which does not show smectic ordering, the lattice exhibits a first order transition from a crystal to a liquid, shortly followed by the dynamical transition to plastic flow. The resistivity provides a critical order parameter for the latter, and critical exponents are determined in analogy with a percolation transition. At the boundary between a pinned region and an unpinned one, an anomalous layer is observed, where the vortices are more strongly pinned than in the bulk.
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    Directed transport of an asymmetric particle pair induced by non-equilibrium conditions (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 345-350 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.60.Cd Classical transport – 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion – 87.16.Nn Motor proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The hopping motion of a classical bounded pair of two particles along a chain is investigated. It is shown that in the asymmetric case of the system dynamics including excited states which differ from the respective ground states by the barrier to be overcome by one of the two particles, the over- and underpopulation of these excited states leads to a directed motion of the particle pair. Thereby, overpopulation results in one direction of motion, whereas underpopulation results in the opposite direction, and the mean velocity is determined by the amount of over-resp. underpopulation. For small deviations from equilibrium, the system exhibits linear response well known from other ratchet-type models. Possible generalizations and applications are discussed.
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    Microscopic theory of non local pair correlations in metallic F/S/F trilayers (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 373-389 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.50.+r Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects – 74.80.Dm Superconducting layer structures: superlattices, heterojunctions, and multilayers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider a microscopic theory of F/S/F trilayers with metallic or insulating ferromagnets. The trilayer with metallic ferromagnets is controlled by the formation of non local pair correlations among the two ferromagnets which do not exist with insulating ferromagnets. The difference between the insulating and ferromagnetic models can be understood from lowest order diagrams. Metallic ferromagnets are controlled by non local pair correlations and the superconducting gap is larger if the ferromagnetic electrodes have a parallel spin orientation. Insulating ferromagnets are controlled by pair breaking and the superconducting gap is smaller if the ferromagnetic electrodes have a parallel spin orientation. The same behavior is found in the presence of disorder in the microscopic phase variables and also in the presence of a partial spin polarization of the ferromagnets. The different behaviors of the metallic and insulating trilayers may be probed in experiments.
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    Minority opinion spreading in random geometry (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 403-406 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees – 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 87.23.Ge Dynamics of social systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The dynamics of spreading of the minority opinion in public debates (a reform proposal, a behavior change, a military retaliation) is studied using a diffusion reaction model. People move by discrete step on a landscape of random geometry shaped by social life (offices, houses, bars, and restaurants). A perfect world is considered with no advantage to the minority. A one person-one argument principle is applied to determine locally individual mind changes. In case of equality, a collective doubt is evoked which in turn favors the Status Quo. Starting from a large in favor of the proposal initial majority, repeated random size local discussions are found to drive the majority reversal along the minority hostile view. Total opinion refusal is completed within few days. Recent national collective issues are revisited. The model may apply to rumor and fear propagation.
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    Coherent transport in disordered metals: zero dimensional limit (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (2002), S. 5-8 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. PACS 73.23.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems – PACS 73.63.-b Electronic transport in mesoscopic or nanoscale materials and structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We consider non-equilibrium transport in disordered conductors. We calculate the interaction correction to the current for a short wire connected to electron reservoirs by resistive interfaces. In the absence of charging effects we find a universal current-voltage-characteristics. The relevance of our calculation for existing experiments is discussed as well as the connection with alternative theoretical approaches.
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    Effective action approach to the Leggett's mode in two-band superconductors (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (2002), S. 45-51 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.20.Fg BCS theory and its development – 11.10.Wx Finite-temperature field theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We investigate a collective excitation (Leggett's mode) corresponding to small fluctuations of the relative phase of two condensates in two-band superconductor using the effective “phase only” action. We consider the possibility of observing Leggett's mode in MgB2 superconductor and conclude that for the known at present values of the two-band model parameters for MgB2 Leggett's mode arises above the two-particle threshold.
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    Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in ferromagnet/superconductor proximity structures (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (2002), S. 33-38 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.50.+r Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects – 74.80.Fp Point contacts; SN and SNS junctions – 74.80.-g Spatially inhomogeneous structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The Nambu spinor Green's function approach is applied to calculating the density of states (DOS) and superconducting order parameter in normal-metal/insulator/ferromagnet/superconductor (NM/I/FM/SC) junctions. It is found that the s-wave superconductivity and ferromagnetism can coexist near the FM/SC interface, which is induced by proximity effect. On the SC side, the spin-dependent DOS appears both within and without the energy gap. On the FM side, the superconducting order parameter displays a damped oscillation and the DOS exhibits some superconducting behavior. The calculated result for the DOS in FM for “0 state” and “π state” can reproduce recent tunneling spectra in Al/Al2O3/PdNi/Nb tunnel junctions.
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    Quantitative roughness of sputtered Fe-Cr superlattices (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (2002), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness – 68.65.Cd Superlattices – 68.37.Lp Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) – 61.10.Eq X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We obtained quantitative values of all significant parameters describing the roughness of Fe-Cr superlattices, both in the lateral and growth directions, by statistical analysis of energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy images using cross section samples. These results are in good agreement with the complementary low-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The interface roughness of sputtered Fe-Cr superlattices was changed systematically by varying Ar-pressure during the growth and the number of the bilayers. By scaling local window size we obtained the dependence of the saturated roughness and its correlation lengths in both the lateral and growth directions. The roughness and its correlation lengths (lateral and perpendicular) increase with pressure. However correlation length in the lateral is constant with bilayer index for low-pressure sputtered samples
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    Electronic topological transitions and phase stability in the fcc Al-Zn alloys (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 30 (2002), S. 57-66 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.23.-k Electronic structure of disordered solids – 71.18.+y Fermi surface: calculations and measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We report on a detailed investigation of the phase equilibria and the Fermi surface in the Al-Zn system. Our calculation are based on the density functional theory and we use the linear muffin-tin orbital method and the Green's function technique. The calculated free energies of alloy formation exhibit the existence of a miscibility gap between the alloys containing approximately 10 and 55 at.% of Zn, in agreement with the phase diagram of the Al-Zn system. Seven electronic topological transitions (ETT) were found in Al-Zn system within the stability range of the fcc solid solution. A relation between these ETT and the phase stability of the fcc Al-Zn solid solutions is established. We show that extremum points on the concentration dependencies of the thermodynamic properties of Al-Zn alloys can be explained by band-filling effects.
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