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  • 2000-2004  (19,667)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-07-15
    Description: In Niedermendig / Osteifel (Rheinland-Pfalz/Bundesrepublik Deutschland) ist vor etwa 200000 Jahren ein basaltischer Lavastrom ausgeflossen. Nach den chemisch-petrographischen Analysen handelt es sich um einen Tephrit. Der meist 15 m bis 25 m mächtige Lavastrom wird zumindest seit dem Mittelalter als mineralischer Rohstoff genutzt. Wesentliche Merkmale des Basaltes von Niedermendig sind die Porosität von ca. 15 bis 29 Vol.-Prozent und die zum Teil sehr großen Trennflächenabstände (Säulendicke). Diese und weitere geotechnische Eigenschaften der Basaltlava sind für die Nutzung als Mühlstein ideal. Mühlsteine aus Niedermendig und Mayen wurden bis in das 20. Jahrhundert hinein weltweit vertrieben. Aufgrund des meist 10m bis 20m mächtigen Deckgebirges wurde der Abbau bis vor wenigen Jahrzehnten unter tägig vorgenommen. Ein amtliches Grubenbild aus dem 19. Jahrhundert wurde mit einem Geoinformationssystem ausgewertet, so dass einerseits die zeitliche Entwicklung des damaligen Bergbaues nachvollzogen werden kann und andererseits die Lage der untertägigen Hohlräume in Bezug zur heutigen Topographie gezeigt wird. Zusammen mit den Ergebnissen der ingenieurgeologischen Kartierung nach 1988 wird die Lage von 240 verschiedenen Schächten nachgewiesen. Berichte von Zeitzeugen dokumentieren dieUmstände des Bergbaues im 19. Jahrhundert. Aktuell existieren noch 17 Basaltlava-Tagebaue unter der Aufsicht der Bergbehörde, wobei im Jahr 2002 nur in sechs Betrieben tatsächlich abgebaut wurde. Gegenwärtig werden aus der Basaltlava von Niedermendig sowohl Werksteine als auch Korngemische/Schüttgüter hergestellt.
    Description: About 200 000 years b.p. a basaltic lava flow formed near Niedermendig in the Eifel Mountains (Rhineland-Palatinate/Germany). According to the Chemical and petrographical data the basalt is classified as tephrite. The mining of the mostly 15m to 25m thick basaltic lava flow started at least in the Middle Ages. Essential features of the Niedermendig basalt are a porosity of about 15-29 Vol.-% and the widely spaced columnar jointing. These features and additional geotechnical properties are responsible for the ideal qualification of the basalt to grind grain and other materials. Mill stones from Niedermendig and Mayen have been distributed world-wide until the beginning of the 20th Century. Due to the 10 m to 20 m thick overburden the basalt has been exploitcd by Underground mining for centuries. Surface-mining just started several decades ago. A 19th Century mine map was anaiysed using GIS Software. The results reveal the rate of advance of the former Underground mining and the spatial distribution of the cavities referring to the current Settlement. In addition to the data of the engineering geology mapping which was started in 1988, this article presents the location of 240 different mining shafts. Historie reports from the 19th Century provide Information about the details of the former Underground mining. At present, 17 open-pit mines in Niedermendig are under supervision of the Department of Mines. Only 6 mines were in production in 2002. Currently the basaltic lava is mined for products like building stones and solid bulk materials
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:622.35 ; ddc:553.5
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: Der Baugraben einer Treibstoff-Pipeline bei Odenbach erschloss kurzfristig ein ca. 200 m mächtiges Profil, das große Teile der Lauterecken-Formation umfasst. Ein neuer Leithorizont wird aufgestellt, drei weitere detailliert beschrieben. Die Abfolge wird mit anderen Aufschlüssen bei Odenbach verglichen.
    Description: Abstract: In 1998 the restoration of the Trans European NATO Pipeline (TENP) in northern Palatinate (Southwest Germany) opened a two hundred meter long exposure yielding big parts of the Lauterecken formation (Lower Permian). The lithology and palaeontology of the outcrop is described, focusing arthropod and fish remains. A new lake horizon called Roetherhof bed is erected. Together with the formerly known Odenbach bed and Medard bed it is described in detail. The whole section is compared with other localities in the vicinity of Odenbach.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  ARGE GMIT
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2001 enthält die Themenblöcke: Berufsstand: Der Höhepunkt der Welterdölproduktion - ein Wendepunkt für die Menschheit?, Rohstoffe: Erfolgreiche Erdöl-Erdgas-Bohrungen im deutschen Nordsee-Sektor, Forschung: Neue Sonderforschungsbereiche, Geothermie: Neues Projekt in Hannover, Geokalender: Alle Termine und Adressen auf einen Blick
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  ARGE GMIT
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2001 enthält die Themenblöcke: Berufsleben: Die Paläontologische Bodendenkmalpflege in Deutschland, Geologische Landesdienste: Zehn Jahre Geologisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt, Ausbildung: Bessere Studienbedingungen oder Bildungskatastrophe?, Hochschulen: Neue Studiengänge, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit: Geowissen, Tourismus, Ökonomie und nachhaltige Entwicklung:European Geoparks
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  ARGE GMIT
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2001 enthält die Themenblöcke: Berufsleben: Der Geologische Landesdienst in Hessen, Chance: Das Jahr der Geowissenschaften 2002, Forschung: Größte deutsche Forschungsorganisation gegründet, Ausbildung: Neue Studiengäge in Oldenburg und Freiberg, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit: Die Situation der Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Museums Wiesbaden
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German , English
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  • 6
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  ARGE GMIT
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2001 enthält die Themenblöcke: Berufsstand: Weltenergierat warnt vor Problemen in der Energieversorgung, Rohstoffe: 1. Rohstaofftag Baden-Württemberg, Geologische Landesdienste: Verlagerung der Aufgaben des Geologischen Dienstes in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Forschung: Geotechnologien - ein geowissenschaftliches Forschungsprogramm gewinnt an Kontur, Berufsbild: Industrielle Beschäftigung eines Geologien- Ein Beispiel aus der NE-Metallindustrie
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  SUB Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2004 enthält die Themenblöcke: Geofokus: Impaktkrater auf der Erde - Spuren des kosmischen Bombardements, Geoaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), Geolobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), Georeport
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  SUB Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2004 enthält die Themenblöcke: Geofokus: Die frühe Geschichte der Erde, Geoaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), Geolobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), Georeport
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  SUB Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Juni 2004 enthält die Themenblöcke: Geofokus: Energie für unsere Welt-heute,morgen,übermorgen, Geoaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), Geolobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), Georeport
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  SUB Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2004 enthält die Themenblöcke: Geofokus: Kaltwasser-Karbonate und Tiefwasser-Riffe - eube geobiologische Herausforderung, Geoaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), Geolobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), Georeport
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: In einer Sandgrube bei Steinhardt wurde im Verzahnungsbereich oligozäner, fluviatiler Kiese des „Proto-Ellerbachs” mit Meeressanden eine horizontbeständige Schwermineralseife gefunden. Sie enthält eine Klinopyroxen-Epidot-Biotit- Assoziation und unterscheidet sich somit deutlich von der Turmalin-Muskovit-Zirkon- Assoziation der Meeressande. Als Muttergesteine für die Turmalin-Muskovit-Zirkon- Assoziation werden tiefgründig verwitterte, devonische Gesteine und die Rotliegend- Sedimente angenommen. Die Klinopyroxene werden auf Rotliegend-Vulkanite zurückgeführt, der Biotit ebenfalls auf die Vulkanite aber auch aufrhyolithische Tuffite und der Epidot auf die Gesteine der metamorphen Hunsrücksüdrandzone.
    Description: Abstract: A concordant Rupelian heavy mineral placer was found in a sand pit at Steinhardt near Bad Sobernheim. It was formed near the mouth of the „Proto-Ellerbach”- creek in an area of interlocking fluvial gravels with marine sands of the Mainz Basin. The placer clearly differs by its clinopyroxene-epidote-biotite-assemblage from the marine sands’ tourmaline-muscovite-zircon-assemblage. Deeply weathered Devonian sediments and the Rotliegend sediments are supposed to be the bedrocks of the latter heavy mineral-assemblage. The clinopyroxenes were derived from volcanic rocks of the Rotliegend, the biotite from the volcanic rocks and rhyolitic tuffites and the epidote from the metamorphic rocks of the South-Hunsrück-zone.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:549.943
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-08-17
    Description: In der Umgebung von Homburg/Saar werden die Tektonik und die Schichtenfolge des Buntsandstein der Nordwestflanke der Pfälzer Mulde beschrieben. Aufgrund der Auswertung aller bekannten Brunnenbohrungen und einer geologischen Kartierung können die Lage und die Ausbildung der Kluftgrundwasserleiter in den verschiedenen tektonischen Schollen näher charakterisiert und in Schnitten dargestellt werden. Sie bilden großräumig zusammenhängende Grundwasserstockwerke im höheren Buntsandstein (Voltziensandstein, Felsbänke in den Zwischenschichten, Obere Felszone), in den Karlstal-Schichten (Karlstal-Felszone) und im tieferen Buntsandstein (Rehberg- und Trifels-Schichten). Der für die Wasserversorgung wichtige tiefere Buntsandstein- Grundwasserleiter hat im peripheren Nordwestteil der Mulde (Westpfälzische Moorniederung) generell höhere Transmissivitäten, als in deren innerem Teil (Sickinger Höhe), wo er jedoch durch die auflagernden Karlstal-Schichten besser geschützt ist.
    Description: Abstract: The tectonics and strata sequence of the Bunter of the northwest flank of the Palatinate syncline in the Homburg/Saar area are described. Based on the evaluation of all known well boreholes and geological mapping, the location and development of the fissured aquifers in the various tectonic blocks can be characterized and illustrated in profiles. They form connected aquifer tables over large areas in the higher Bunter (Voltziensandstein, Zwischenschichten, Obere Felszone), in the Karlstal beds (Karlstal-Felszone) and in the deeper Bunter (Rehberg- and Trifels-Schichten). The deeper Bunter aquifer, being important for trinking water supply, has generally higher transmissivities in the peripheric northwestern part of the syncline (Westpfälzische Moorniederung) than in the interior part (Sickinger Höhe). In the interior part however this aquifer is better protected by the superposed Karlstal beds.
    Description: 1 Einleitung \ 2. Geographisch-morphologischer Überblick 3. Tektonik 4. Paläogeographie, Faziesentwicklung 5. Schichtenfolge und Charakterisierung der Grundwasserleiter 5.1. Stauf-Schichten (sSt bzw. zSt) 5.2. Trifels-Schichten (sT) 5.3. Rehberg-Schichten (sR) 54. Karlstal-Schichten (sK) 5.5. Höherer Buntsandstein 5.5.1. Obere Felszone (sOF) und Zwischenschichten (soZ) 5.5.2. Voltziensandstein (soV) 5.6. Unterer Muschelkalk (mu) 5.6.1. Muschelsandstein und Mergelige Schichten ( mul) 5.6.2. Terebratelzone mit basaler Hauptterebratelbank (zusammen als mu 1 T dargestellt) Schriften Anhang
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; ddc:551.49
    Language: German
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: An zwei Kernbohrungen wurden der Sandgehalt und die Mikrofauna von Sedimenten im Übergangsbereich Oberer Rupelton [= Rosenberg-Subformation]/ Schleichsand“ [= Stadecken-Formation] untersucht. Als Abgrenzungskriterium zwischen den beiden stratigraphischen Einheiten kann im Ablagerungsraum Mainzer Becken neben dem schubweisen Einsetzen von glimmerführenden, feinsandigen Mergeln auch das erstmalige Auftreten von allochthonen kretazischen bis paläogenen Foraminiferen herangezogen werden. Etwa gleichzeitig, oder nur wenig zeitversetzt, erscheinen die brackisch-marinen bis brackischen Östracoden-Taxa Hemicyprideis helvetica (LIENENKLAUS 1895), Cytheridea sandbergeri KAMMERER 1989 und Cytheromorpha zinndorfi (LIENENKLAUS 1905), die im Oberen Rupelton [= Rosenberg- Subformation] fehlen.
    Description: Abstract: Core samples of two drillings penetrating the boundary Upper Rupelian Clay [= Rosenberg-Subformation]/„Schleichsand” [= Stadecken-Formation] were investigated for their content of sand and their microfauna. Criteria to define the boundary between both stratigraphical units in the Mainz Basin (Tertiary) are intermittently commencing supplies of micaceous, fine-sandy marls and first findings of allochthonous foraminifera of cretaceous and paleogene age. Nearly at the same time the brackish-marine to brackish ostracods Hemicyprideis helvetica (LIENENKLAUS 1895), Cytheridea sandbergeri KAMMERER 1989 and Cytheromorpha zinndorfi (LIENENKLAUS 1905) appear, which are absent in the underlying Upper Rupelian Clay [= Rosenberg-Subformation].
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:562
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-07-22
    Description: Der Buntsandstein der Pfälzer Mulde stellt einen der bedeutenden Trinkwassergewinnungsräume in Rheinland-Pfalz dar. Das Grundwasser wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten in zunehmend größeren Tiefen erschlossen. Die Brunnenbauwerke erreichen Tiefen bis ca. 350 m. Die in den Tiefbrunnen durchgeführten Pumpversuche dienten zunächst der Ermittlung von Brunnen-spezifischen Ergiebigkeiten. Ergebnisse von Beobachtungen an flachen Grundwassermessstellen wurden auch hinsichtlich der vertikalen geohydraulischen Gliederung der Schichtenfolgen interpretiert. Es werden zwei Standorte vorgestellt, an denen Grundwasser des Buntsandstein durch Tiefbrunnen erschlossen wird. Die Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse durchgeführter Pumpversuche werden kurz dargelegt. Anhand eines Konzeptmodells, das hinsichtlich Geometrie und hydraulischer Randbedingungen als stark vereinfachter, aber realitätsnaher Beispielbereich für den Buntsandstein der Pfälzer Mulde angesehen werden kann, wurden die in flachen Grundwassermessstellen theoretisch zu erwartenden Reaktionen bei Pumpversuchen in Tiefbrunnen modellgestützt berechnet. Die Umsetzung erfolgte mit einem finite- Differenzen-Modell. In verschiedenen Rechenläufen wurden die Kenngrößen Durchlässigkeit und Speicherkoeffizient systematisch verändert. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Mindestanforderungen an die Dauer und die Förderraten ableiten, um Informationen über das hydraulische System zu gewinnen. Die Modellergebnisse weisen ferner darauf hin, dass die Beobachtungsergebnisse bei den üblicherweise eingesetzten einfachen Messstellenkonfigurationen nicht geeignet sind, Rückschlüsse auf die vertikale Strukturierung des erschlossenen Grundwasserleitersystems zu ziehen.
    Description: Abstract: The Bunter of the Palatinate syncline is one of the important groundwater reservoiresin Rheinland-Pfalz. In the last decades the groundwater has been exploited in increasingly greater depth. Wells reach to about 350 m below surface. Pumping tests in deep wells have been primary realised to derive from productivity parameters. But test results have also been interpreted in terms of the vertical hydraulic structure of the Bunter succession. Two locations characteristic of deep wells will be presented. A short summary is given of the observations und the results of the performed pumping tests. A conceptual model has been created which is thought to be representative of parts of the Palatine Bunter in terms of hydrogeology and geohydraulics. On this base a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model was used to calculate the theoretically expected reaction of pumping tests for well-neighboured shallow observation wells. Several runs with systematically variations of conductivity and storage coefficient were done. The results give an idea about the minimum duration and necessary pumping rates to get informations about the hydraulic system. AdditionalIy the model results point out that the examinated observation configuration is not qualified to allow interpretations of the vertical aquifer structure.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise 3. Fallbeispiele 4. Konzeptmodell 4.1. Geohydraulische Kenngrößen 4.2. Modellanwendung 4.3. Ergebnisse 5. Diskussion Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.49
    Language: German
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2023-04-20
    Description: Das Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau Rheinland-Pfalz hat in den letzten Jahren seine Aktivitäten auf dem Sektor Offentlichkeitsarbeit erheblich verstärkt. Um entsprechende Vorhaben zielgruppengerecht planen zu können, wurde im Jahr 2002 eine Umfrage unter Schülern verschiedener Altersgruppen und Schularten durchgeführt. Es sollte herausgefunden werden, welche Lernvoraussetzungen bzw. Vorkenntnisse bei den Schülern und einer Vergleichsgruppe junger Erwachsener im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften vorhanden sind. Die nicht überraschenden Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Kenntnisse über Gesteine, deren Entstehung, Beschaffenheit und Verwendung sowie über erdgeschichtliche Vorgänge und Epochen im Allgemeinen sehr gering sind. Etwas günstiger sieht die Situation in Wissensbereichen wie Vulkanismus, Erdbeben und Plattentektonik aus, die im Lehrplan der allgemein bildenden Schulen verankert sind. Es ist deshalb notwendig, die Aktivitäten in Richtung Schule auf verschiedenen Handlungsfeldern zu verstärken, wobei die Weiterbildung von Lehrkräften in Geowissenschaften in Verbindung mit der Bereitstellung qualifizierter Unterrichtsmaterialien als Hauptziel angesehen wird.
    Description: Abstract: The Department of Geology and Mining of Rhineland-Palatinate (SWGermany) has considerably increased its activities in the range of public relations during the last few years. To plan appropriate intentions, in 2002 an inquiry was carried out among pupils of primary schools, secondary schools and among young adults. It was intended to find out which qualifications are present in geological sciences. Unsurprisingly the survey results show that knowledge concerning rocks and their genesis, nature and use as well as concerning events in the history of earth and geological ages is relatively poor. In fields like vulcanism, earth quakes and plate tectonics the situation looks a little bit better, because these subjects are part of curricula in the educational system in Germany. It is essential to increase efforts towards schools in different fields of activities. Besides providing with qualified teaching aids further training of teachers in geological sciences is regarded as the most important target.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ; Schulunterricht
    Language: German
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Description: In vielen Messnetzen zur Grundwasserbeobachtung finden sich Messstellen mit langen Filterstrecken, bei denen die Entnahme repräsentativer tiefenorientierter Grundwasserproben problematisch ist. Hiermit wird eine neue Variante der abschnittsweise durchflussgemittelten Probenahme (GILLBRICHT, 1996; SUKOP, 2000) vorgestellt. Bei diesem Verfahren ist insbesondere die vertikale Abgrenzung kontaminierter Zonen optimiert. Außerdem kann unter geeigneten Randbedingungen bei der Probenahme ein Durchlässigkeitsprofil aufgenommen werden, so dass dessen zusätzliche Erhebung, z. B. durch Flowmetermessungen, entfällt.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: Grundwasser Probenahme Messstellen
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-11-30
    Description: Fossile Faunen aus dem tiefsten Oberems (Emsquarzit)werden mit vielen Neufunden beschrieben. In der Diskussion der Faunen-Wende zwischen Unter- und Oberems erweist sich der Brachiopode Adolfia pruemiensis (Drevermann) als bedeutende Leitform für das tiefe Oberems. Für die heute vorliegende räumliche Verteilung der Biofazies werden einerseits paläogeographische Fakten, andererseits großräumige tektonische Prozesse als Ursache angenommen. Der paläontologische Teil der Arbeit umfasst Bemerkungen und Untersuchungen der Trilobita Digonus intermedius (Vietor), Trimerus crassicauda (Sandberger), der Bivalvia Stappersella lodanensis (Frech), Leptodesma (Peraptera) lodanensis (Frech), Myalina (Myalina) circularis (Frech), Myalina (Myalina) peltata n. sp., Rhenanomya tumida (A. Fuchs) und der Brachiopoden-Art Euryspirifer robustiformis Mittmeyer.
    Description: Abstract: Biostratigraphic fossil research in the Koblenz-area (Lower Devonian, lower part of Upper Emsian, Emsquartzite) is summarized in this report. In this region belonging to the Rhenish Massiv thick layers of quartzites were deposited in the beginning of the Upper Emsian substage. Only few fossil horizons with rieh fauna proving normal marine shallow water conditions could be investigated. It can be presumed, thaf the visible distribution of fossil horizons depends on paleogeographic facts. In the youngest Upper Emsian sand was deposited into the Mosel-trough, probably delivered by the Siegen-swell. Numerous outcrops show dominating thick quartzitic layers resulting on changing sedimentary conditions. Heavy storms eroding older Sediments, washed out all faunal assemblages. Other faunal elements may have been suffocated by sand masses when the storms were slacking. So it can be believed, that optimal living conditions for the Emsquartzite-fauna were reduced only to few locations. The second part of this report contains investigations and remarks about the trilobite species Digonus iniermedius (Vietor) and Trimerus crassicauda(Sandberger 1849), the Bivalvia species Stappersella lodanensis (Frech), Leptodesma (Peraptera) lodanensis (Frech), Myalina (Myalina) circularis(Frech), Myalina (Myalina) peltata n. sp., Rhenanomya tumida (A. Fuchs)and the brachiopod species Euryspirifer robustiformis Mittmeyer. The brachiopod species Adolfia pruemiensis (Drevermann) must be added to other valid index fossils of the lower part of the Upper Emsian substage.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:562 ; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ; TK 5611 ; Unterdevon ; Trilobiten ; Crinoiden ; Gastropoda ; Bivalven ; Brachiopoden ; Biostratigraphie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-12-02
    Description: Das hier erstmals beschriebene Bonebed von Irsch entstammt der Basislage einer Sandsteinbank im obersten Grenzdolomit (ku2G). Es weist sowohl marine als auch terrestrische Faunenelemente auf. Die organischen Reste sind jedoch stark abgerollt und zerbrochen, es sind präfossilisierte, mehrfach aufbereitete Biogenkomponenten. Das Fossilspektrum umfasst vielfältige Koprolithen (wahrscheinlich von Landwirbeltieren), viele isolierte Schuppen von Knochenfischen (Actinopterygier, u. a. Gyrolepissp.) sowie einige Zähne von rein marinen bzw. von marin-limnischen (euryhalinen) Haien. Größere Knochenplatten stammen von Tetrapoden, in Frage kommen großwüchsige temnospondyle Amphibien. In dieser Biofazies wie auch in der umgebenden Lithofazies dokumentiert sich eine vielgestaltige Küstenlandschaft am Südostrand des damaligen Ardennen-Festlandes. Grobklastische fluviatile Schüttungskörper verzahnten sich mit marin-lagunären Karbonaten. Trockengefallene fossilführende marine Dolomite wurden durch fluviatile Strömungen erodiert. Ihr Fossilmaterial wurde mit den Relikten terrestrischer Faunen durchmischt und erneut resedimentiert.
    Description: Abstract: The Bonebed of Irsch firstly here described, forms the basal layer of a sandstone in the uppermost Grenzdolomit (ku2G), located north of Bitburg/Southern Eifel. It combines marine and terrestrial faunal elements. The biogenic remnants are rolled, rounded and broken. They represent repeatedly reworked prefossilized components. Numerous coprolites, probably derived from terrestrial vertebrates, and many isolated scales of fin-rayed fishes (actinopterygians, e. g. Gyrolepissp.) are documented. Moreover several teeth of fully marine and limnal sharks were found. Larger dermal bone fragments originale from temnospondyl amphibians. This biofacies as well as the surrounding lithofacies reveals a late Middle Triassic Coastal environment at the southeastern border of the Ardennic hinterland. Coarse fluvial Sediments interfingered to marine-lagoonal carbonates. Dessicated fossil-bearing dolomites were eroded by fluvial streams. Their reworked biogenic material was mixed up with terrestrial faunal remains and deposited once again.
    Description: 1. Einführung 2. Geographische und geologische Lage des Fundortes 3. Stratigraphie und Lithofazies 3.1. Unterer Keuper in der Trierer Bucht 3.2. Besonderheiten der ardennischen Unterkeuper-Randfazies 4. Fossilmaterial im Bonebed von Irsch 5. Interpretation 6. Ausblick Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Vertebraten ; Keuper ; Eifel ; Trierer Bucht
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Description: Schille sind charakteristische Fossillagerstätten in der Rheinischen Fazies des Schiefergebirges. Sie enthalten in der Regel disartikulierte Reste von verschiedenen Invertebratengruppen wie zum Beispiel: Brachiopoden, Crinoiden, Muscheln und Trilobiten, wobei die Brachiopoden oft die dominierende Tiergruppe darstellen. In einem Profil aus der Laubach-Formation (Ober-Ems) der Moselmulde wurden insgesamt sieben Schille mit Hilfe von taphonomischen Kriterien untersucht. Die taphonomischen Merkmale bestätigen eine Entstehung als Sturmflutablagerung. An der Oberfläche eines Schilles waren als Besonderheit doppelklappige Paraspirifer sp. überliefert. Aufgrund von Rezentvergleichen wird angenommen, dass die doppelklappigen Brachiopoden in situ überliefert wurden und der Schill als Anwachssubstrat dieser Tiere und somit als Lebensraum diente. Das weitgehende Fehlen von in situ überlieferten Brachiopoden wird auf die erodierende Kraft der Stürme zurückgeführt.
    Description: Abstract: Shell beds are characteristic fossil deposits in the Rhenish facies of the Rhenish Massif. They contain disarticulated remains of invertebrate hardparts like: brachiopods, crinoids, mussels and trilobites. Brachiopods are mostly the dominant group. In a section of the Laubach formation (Upper Emsian) of the Mosel syncline seven shell beds were investigated with the aid of taphonomic criteria. The taphonomic signatures confirm an origin as a tempestite. On the top of one shell bed articulate Paraspirifersp. were found as a speciality. Based on comparisons with recent brachiopods it is suggested that the articulated brachiopods were preserved in situ and the shell bed yielded an attachment Substrate and is therefore regarded as a habitat of these animals. The extensively lack of articulated brachiopods in the Rhenish facies is refered to the erosional power of storms.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:562 ; Brachiopoden ; Unterdevon ; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge ; Paläoökologie
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-03-14
    Description: In dem bisher noch nicht biostratigraphisch datierten Teil der Metamorphen Zone des Hunsrücks (TK 25 Blätter 6111 Pferdsfeld und 6012 Stromberg), südlich der Gneise von Wartenstein und Schweppenhausen, konnten Palynomorphen (Acritarchen und trilete Miosporen) gefunden werden. Die Funde wurden noch nicht bestimmt, doch zeigt das Vorkommen von trileten Miosporen, dass dieser Teil der Metamorphen Zone nicht in das Kambrium oder Ordovizium gestellt werden kann.
    Description: Abstract: In the hitherto biostratigraphically undefined part of the „Metamorphe Zone" at the Southern margin of the Hunsrück (Rhenish Massif) palynomorphs (acritarchs and trilete miospores) were found. The findings are still undetermined, but the occurrence of trilete miospores show that this part of the „Metamophe Zone" cannot be of Cambrian or Ordovician age.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:561 ; Hunsrück ; Biostratigraphie ; Sporen ; TK 6111 ; TK 6012 ; Paläozoikum
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Das Untersuchungsgebiet (Wrangell Island) gehört zu Südost-Alaska mit temperiertem, immergünem Regenwald, in dem auch viele Moore zu finden sind. Dort wurde ein Moorkomplex (muskeg) anhand von vegetationskundlichen Aufnahmen nach der Methode von Braun-Blanquet untersucht. Darin dominieren Zwergsträucher, Hemikryptophyten und Moose. Insgesamt wurden vier Vegetationstypen aufgrund von Oberflächenstrukturen und Artenzusammensetzung unterschieden: deckenmoorähnliche Strukturen, Bultstrukturen, teppichartige Matten oder flache Schlenken und Schlenken.
    Description: The visited Wrangell Island is situated in Southeast-Alaska, covered with temperate coniferious rainforests. In this area there are many bogs. One of the mire complexes (muskeg) was investigated by study of the vegetation by phytosociological relevés according to the principles of Braun-Blanquet. The mire complex was dominated by dwarf shrubs, hemicryptophytes and mosses. On the basis of topography and floristic compositions four different types of vegetation has been found: blanket bog-like structures, hummock-like structures, flat moss carpets or flat hollows and hollows.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:581.7 ; Moor ; Vegetation ; peatland
    Language: German
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Mit dem Ziel, die geodynamischen Modelle durch die Ermittlung der Dichteverteilung im tieferen Untergrund zu überprüfen und schließlich ein optimales Modell in Bezug auf die Herkunft der sächsischen Granulite vorzustellen, wird das Schwerefeld im Bereich Sachsens mit folgenden gravimetrischen Methoden analysiert und modelliert: • Numerische Analyse des Schwerefeldes mit Hilfe von Tiefenabschätzungen, Horizontalabieitungen der Schwere, Euler-Dekonvolution, Wellenlängenfilterungen sowie • zwei- und dreidimensionale Dichtemodellierungen. Die eingesetzten Verfahren zur Dichtemodellierung zeigen, daß direkte Verfahren zur Analyse des Schwerefeldes bei den komplizierten geologischen Strukturen den indirekten Auswerteverfahren mittels Dichtemodellierung unterlegen sind. Sie geben aber wichtige Hinweise für die dreidimensionale geometrische Modellierung. Die Resultate aus den unterschiedlichen numerischen Analyse des Schwerefeldes lassen folgende Interpretation zu. Die Erkenntnisse sind Grundlage für die gravimetrischen Vorwärtsmodellierung. • Das Schwerehoch im Bereich der Lausitzer Antiklinalzone wird von zwei Störkörpem verursacht. Ein Störkörper, der eine geringere Tiefe (ca. 2-4 km) hat, verursacht hauptsächlich das Schwerehoch im NW-Gebiet der Antiklinalzone. Ein anderer Störkörper, der von der Unterkruste bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 8 km eingedrungen ist, verursacht die Hauptwirkung des Schwerehoches. Die Antiklinalzone wird durch rhenoherzynische Streichrichtungen (NW-Richtung) charakterisiert. • Die maximale Tiefe des Störkörpers für das Schwereminimum im Erzgebirge liegt zwischen 2 km und 10 km in der Oberkruste. • Im Bereich der NW-Grenze des Sächsischen Granulitgebirge zeigen sich die für das Moldanubikum typischen Streichrichtungen (SO-Richtung). • Durch Wellenlängen-Filterungen wurde die Wirkung der basischen Vulkanite im Eger-Rift separiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Vulkanite von der Unterkruste bis in oberflächenahe Bereiche intrudiert sind. • Im Zwischengebirge und im SW-Gebiet des Eibenstock-Granitgebietes befindet sich Unterkrustmaterial in einer maximalen Tiefe von ca. 8 km. • Das Schwerehoch in der MGM wird von einem Störkörper verursacht, dessen maximale Tiefe auf ca. 6 km geschätzt wird. Die Verbindung und Interpretation aller verfügbaren Randbedingungen aus der Reflexions-, Refraktionsseismik, den geophysikalischen Untersuchungen und den magnetotelluri sehen Messungen sowie dem geothermischen Modell führt zum komplexen dreidimensionalen Dichtemodell Sachsens. Das Modell erfaßt die aus der Analyse abgeleiteten Störmassen in der Oberkruste durch die Verwendung der zur Verfügung stehenden Bouguer-Anomalie (Conrad, 1996) und berücksichtigt markante Strukturen, die aus den reflexionsseismischen Untersuchungen abgeleitet wurden. Zusammen mit den Informationen aus der oberflächenahen Geologie konnten alle wesentlichen, bekannten Strukturen zwischen der topographischen Oberfläche und der Moho in die Modellierung integriert werden. Die Ergebnisse der 3D-Modellierung lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: • Das Sächsische Granulitgebirge (SGG) stellt die aus Pyroxen-Granuliten bestehende domartige Struktur dar, die, entsprechend der geothermischen Interpretation, mit der in 15 km Tiefe liegenden Schicht im Erzgebirge in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. Die vom SGG bis zum Erzgebirge durchgehende Granulit-Schicht zeigt, daß das SGG aus der SW-Gebiet (aus dem Tepla-Barrandium) transportiert sein könnte. • Die Oberkruste im Bereich des Erzgebirges ist charakterisiert durch eine Gneis-Schicht mit einer Mächtigkeit von 15 km, worin die Granite intrudiert wurden. Die durchschnittliche Mächtigkeit der Granite beträgt 5 km. • Nach dem Vergleich mit dem MT- Widerstandsmodell wurde eine zweigeteilte Unterkruste angenommen. Ein Teil wurde vom Rhenoherzynikum transportiert und taucht im Sächsischen Granulitgebirge ab. Die andere Unterkruste wurde vom Tepla-Barrandium her eingelagert und auf das Zwischengebirge aufgeschoben. Zur Berechnung der Schwerewirkungen der einzelnen Modellkörper wird eine Methode des “gravity striping” in dieser Arbeit verwendet. Das Ergebnis dieser Methode zeigt, daß die ins Erzgebirge intrudierten Granite das Schwereminimum im Erzgebirge verursachen. Der gemessene Schwerelauf wird durch die gemeinsame Schwerewirkung der Granite und der Pyroxen-Granulite in der Oberkruste erklärt. Die gravimetrischen Überprüfungen über alternative Modelle sprechen gegen ein tektonisches Aufdringen der Granulite aus großen Tiefen (Diapir-Uplift) und gegen die Herkunft der Granulite aus dem Rhenoherzynikum. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse dieser Arbeit erhärten das “Zahnpasta-Modell” (Granulitkomplex aus dem Tepla-Barrandium). Entsprechende Modellexperimente, unter zugrundelegen einer entsprechenden Geometrie, ergaben eine gute Modell-Schwere-Anpassung an das beobachtete Feld.
    Description: I analyse the gravity field in the region of Saxony with the aim of testing geodynamic models by determining the density distribution at deeper levels and presenting an optimal model relating to the origin of saxonian granulites. The data are are modelled with the following gravimetric methods: • Numerical analysis of the gravity field with the help of depth estimations, horizontal gradient of gravity field, Euler-Deconvolution, wavelength filtering, and • two- and three-dimensional density modelling The process of density modelling which was used shows that direct methods of numerical analysis (e.g. wavelength filtering) are not successful in resolving the complex geological structures, in contrast to indirect density modelling. But the results of direct methods do provide important information for three-dimensional geometrical modelling. The results of the different numerical analyses of the gravity field can be interpreted in different ways. This knowledge is the basis for density modelling. • The gravity high in the area of the Lausatian anticlinal zone is caused by two dense bodies. One body, at a shallow depth (approx. 2-4 km) is the main cause of the gravity high in the NW area of the anticlinal zone. Another body, which has penetrated from the lower crust to a depth of approx. 8 km, is the major contributor to the gravity high. The anticlinal zone is characterised by rhenohercynian gradient-directions (in a NW direction). • The maximum depth of the density body for the gravity low in the Erzgebirge lies at between 2 km and 10 km, in the upper crust. • In the area of the NW edge the Saxonian Granulitgebirge, gradient-directions (in a SE direction) are evident, which are typical for the Moldanubian. • The effect of the basic vulcanites in the Eger Rift is separated by wavelength filtering. It is demonstrated that these vulcanites have intruded from the lower crust into surface areas. • In the Zwischengebirge and in the SW region of the Eibenstock-Grannitgebiet, lower crustal material is present to a depth of approx. 8 km. • The gravity high in the Munchberg Gneiss Massif (MGM) is caused by a body, with an estimated maximum depth of approx. 6 km. The combination and logical interpretation of all available constraints from reflectionseismics, refractionseismics, geological investigations and magnetotelluric research as well as a geothermal model yields a complex three-dimensional density model for Saxony. The model includes the bodies in the upper crust derived from analysis using the available Bouguer Anomaly (Conrad, 1996) and takes into account distinctive structures derived from reflectionseismological investigations. Together with information from the geology near the surface all important known structures between the topographic surface and the moho could be integrated into the model. The results of the 3D-modelling can be summarised as follows: • The Saxonian Granulitgebirge (SGG) is a dome-like structure consisting of pyroxene granulites which, consistent with geothermal interpretation, can be connected with the layer in the Erzgebirge which is at a depth of 15 km. The granulite layer, stretching from the SGG to the Erzgebirge shows that the SGG could have been transported from the SW region (the Tepla-Barrandium). • The upper crust in the Erzgebirge region is characterised by a gneiss layer with a thickness of about 15 km in which the granites were intruded. The average thickness of the granites is 5 km. • After comparison with the MT-model, an lower crust divided into two parts was assumed. One part was transported by the Rhenohercynian and disappears in the Saxonian Granulitgebirge. The other lower crust was originated from the Tepla-Barrandian and propelled to the Zwischengebirge. To calculate the gravity effects of individual modelbodies, I used a method of gravity stripping. This method shows that the granites which intruded into the Erzgebirge are causing the gravity minimum in the Erzgebirge. The observed gravity is explained by the combined gravity effect of the granites and the pyroxene granulites in the upper crust. Gravimetric testing of other models contradicts a tectonic uplift of the granulites from great depth (Diapir Uplift) and granulites originating from the Rhenohercynian. The results of this investigation support the toothpaste model (granulites complex from the Tepla-Barrandium). Corresponding model experiment with a revelent geometry, resulted in a good model-gravity fitting of the observed field.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Gravimetrie ; Dichteverteilung
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 126
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  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Die mit der Drehwaage gemessenen Ableitungen des Schwerepotentials, insbesondere der Horizontalgradient und die Krümmungsgröße, begründeten ganz wesentlich den kommerziellen Erfolg der Geophysik bei der Suche nach Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die Bedeutung der Drehwaage - und damit die Weiterentwicklung der Auswertemethodik - nahm jedoch mit der weiten Verbreitung von Gravimetern seit etwa 1950 immer mehr ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Frage, mit welchen Methoden die Berechnung von Schwerewerten aus Drehwaagemessungen am besten gelingt und verfolgt den Ansatz, eine Synthese aus klassischen Verfahren mit computergestützten numerischen Methoden herzustellen. Bei Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die Horizontalgradienten Wxz und Wyz als Eingangsparameter, während die Krümmungsgrößen Wxy und Wyy-xx keine Verwendung finden. Die verschiedenen Methoden werden dazu zunächst an einem synthetischen Modell und später mit Drehwaagedaten von BEB Erdgas und Erdöl GmbH (Hannover) getestet. Dazu sind insgesamt 39 Meßtischblätter im Gebiet Soltau bzw. Wathlingen (Norddeutschland) mit 35000 Drehwaagemessungen digitalisiert worden. Das Verfahren von Haalck liefert trotz seines simplifizierten Ansatzes eine recht gute Übereinstimmung zwischen der aus den Gradienten berechneten Schwere und der Modellschwere (etwa 0.4 x 10-5 ms-2), reagiert jedoch sehr empfindlich auf Datenfehler, die sich in ausgeprägten Verbiegungen der Isolinien der Schwere äußern. Durch nachträgliche Glättung läßt sich jedoch eine Verbesserung erzielen. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die Abhängigkeit des Ergebnisses von der vorher durchzuführenden Interpolation der Gradienten auf ein regelmäßiges Gitter und die methodenbedingte Mittelwertbildung zweier unabhängig voneinander berechneten Schwerefelder. Diese Nachteile lassen vermeiden, wenn die Berechnung der Schwere aus den Horizontalgradienten als Ausgleichungsproblem formuliert wird, bei dem die vorherige Interpolation der Horizontalgradienten auf ein Gitter entfallen kann und eine gewisse Filterung von Fehlern in den Daten implizit durchgeführt wird. Die hiermit erreichbaren Genauigkeiten betragen bis zu 0.1 x 10-5 ms-2 und liegen in der Größenordnung der Genauigkeit einer Schweremessung. Eine noch flexiblere Berechnungsmethode bietet die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, bei der sowohl „Rauschen“ in den Daten als auch die gleichzeitige Berücksichtigung von Horizontalgradienten und Schwerewerten möglich wäre. Die hiermit erreichte Genauigkeit beträgt etwa 0.5 x 10-5 ms-2. Die berechneten Schwerewerte lassen einfach sich in bestehende Datensätze integrieren, um Datenlücken zu füllen bzw. die Stationsdichte zu verdichten. In einem vier Meßtischblätter umfassenden Gebiet (Salzstock Wathlingen) konnte auf diese Weise für Teilgebiete eine verbesserte, detailreichere Schwerekarte generiert werden. Eine unmittelbare Verwendung der Horizontalgradienten - ohne vorherige Umrechnung in Schwerewerte - erlaubt die Modellierung von Dichte und Geometrie eines dreidimensionalen Untergrundmodells. Das aus der Modellierung über- und untertägiger Schweremessungen entstandene Dichtemodell des Salzstocks von Wathlingen zeigt auch eine prinzipielle Übereinstimmung zwischen gemessenen und berechneten Horizontalgradienten. Geringfügige Abweichungen sind durch Vernachlässigung von Strukturen in Oberfiächennähe zu erklären. Deren Berücksichtigung und die damit verbundene Modellierung der Horizontalgradienten könnte jedoch eine Verbesserung des bestehenden Modells erbringen.
    Description: Torsion balance measurements of derivatives of gravitational potential - especially horizontal gradient and curvature - were a significant factor in the commercial success of exploration geophysics in detecting hydrocarbons. However, with the widespread use of gravimeters since about 1950, there has been a continuous decrease in the importance of the torsion balance and hence in the improvement of methods of analysis. This study aims to establish which are the best methods of determining gravity values from torsion balance measurements. Its approach is to synthesize classical procedures with computer-based numerical methods, taking horizontal gradients Wxz and Wyz as input parameters, but not using the curvature values Wxy and Wyy - xx . The various methods were first tested in a synthetic model and again using torsion balance data supplied by BEB Erdgas and Erdöl GmbH (Hanover). A total of 39 topographical maps (1:25,000) of the Soltau and Wathlingen areas (northern Germany) were digitzed with 35,000 torsion balance measurements. Despite its simplified approach, the Haalck procedure yields a good agreement between theoretical gravity and gravity calculated from gradients (about 0.4 x 10-5 ms-2 ); however it shows a highly sensitive response to data errors, expressed in pronounced deformations of the gravity contour lines. This can be improved by subsequent smoothing. The disadvantage of this procedure is that results depend on prior interpolation of the gradients to a regular grid and taking the mean of two independently calculated gravity fields. These disadvantages may be avoided by formulating the gravity calculation from the horizontal gradients as a least squares adjustment problem, leaving out the prior interpolation of the horizontal gradients to a grid and implicitly filtering errors in the data. Accuracies of 0.1 x 10-5 ms-2 may be obtained in this way and are in the order of magnitude of gravity measurement accuracy. A more flexible method of calculation is the method of least squares collocation by which both "noise” in the data and simultaneous allowance for horizontal gradients and gravity values are possible. Here the accuracy is about 0.5 x 10-5 ms-2. The computed gravity values can be readily integrated in existing datasets in order to fill data gaps or enhance station density. In the case of an area covered by four topographical maps (the Wathlingen salt dome) this method allowed us to create an improved, more detailed gravity map for specific sub-areas. The direct use of horizontal gradients - without prior conversion into gravity values - allows the modeling of density and geometry of a three-dimensional subsurface model. The density model of the Wathlingen salt dome generated by the modeling of surface and subsurface gravity measurements also shows a basic agreement between measured and computed horizontal gradients. Slight deviations are due to the disregard of near-surface structures. However, their inclusion and the simultaneous modeling of horizontal gradients could improve the existing model.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Schwerefeld ; Modellierung ; Gravimetrie ; Torsionswaage ; Geophysik
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 152
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 1397-1416, pp. 2214
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake ; historical ; NAF ; BSSA
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  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 159, no. 1, pp. 347-352, pp. 1689
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Rheology ; Friction ; red ; silent ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Strain ; Seismology ; fault ; slip, ; gouge, ; rheology ; strain ; measurements ; GJI
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  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  J. Struct. Geol., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 709-724, pp. L23303
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Structural geology ; Fault zone ; Strike-slip ; Geol. aspects ; JSG
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 263-289, pp. L23303
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; JVGR
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  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 285-303, pp. L23303
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Strong motions ; land ; slide ; Peak ground acceleration ; BSSA
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  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Pageoph, Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 158, no. 12, pp. 2525-2541, pp. L23303
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Nakamura ; NOISE ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Site amplification ; Micro seismicity ; Turkey ; PAG ; exactly: ; D?nar
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  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Warszawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. 1287-1310, pp. L03607
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: A previously developed simplified model of ground motion amplification is applied to the simulation of acceleration time histories at several soft-soil sites in the Valley of Mexico, on the basis of the corresponding records on firm ground. The main objective is to assess the ability of the model to reproduce characteristics such as effective duration, frequency content and instantaneous intensity. The model is based on the identification of a number of parameters that characterize the complex firm-ground to soft-soil transfer function, and on the adjustment of these parameters in order to account for non-linear soil behavior. Once the adjusted model parameters are introduced, the statistical properties of the simulated and the recorded ground motions agree reasonably well. For the sites and for the seismic events considered in this study, it is concluded that non-linear soil behavior may have a significant effect on the amplification of ground motion. The non-linear soil behavior significantly affects the effective ground motion duration for the components with the higher intensities, but it does not have any noticeable influence on the lengthening of the dominant ground period.
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Peak ground acceleration ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Non-linear effects ; site ; effects, ; ground ; motion, ; transfer ; function ; non-linear ; soil ; response, ; Monte ; Carlo ; simulation ; Statistical investigations ; Barcena ; EESD
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 42, no. 3-4, pp. 219-243, pp. 2122
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; USA
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  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Ottawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2090-2109, pp. 2371
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Spectrum ; Site amplification ; Non-linear effects ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; BSSA
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  • 33
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 106, no. B5, pp. 8925-8940, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Fluids ; Fault zone ; shear ; self-separation ; Non-linear effects ; Modelling ; Plate tectonics ; JGR
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  • 34
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    In:  Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences del la Terre et des planèts, Paris, Pergamon, vol. 333, no. 3-5, pp. 35-44, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Iceland ; June
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  • 35
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    In:  Physics Today, Paris, Pergamon, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 37-42, pp. 1246
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: physics ; precision ; 1 ; in ; 10**18 ; history ; atomic ; clock ; Cesium
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  • 36
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    In:  Bollettino di Geofisica teorica ed applicata, Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 42, no. 3-4, pp. 305, pp. 1960, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio ; Nakamura ; noksp
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  • 37
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    In:  J. of Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 395-423, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Attenuation ; Spectrum ; Peak ground acceleration ; Peak ground velocity ; Nearfield ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; SRICHWALSKI
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Strong motions ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Peak ground acceleration ; Peak ground velocity ; noksp ; SRL
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  • 39
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    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 109, no. 1-3, pp. 99-108, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Geodesy ; JVGR
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  • 40
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    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 1329-1344, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: InSAR ; Geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Volcanology ; PAG ; Fernandez
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  • 41
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 1528-1545, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Stress ; Anisotropy ; Physical properties of rocks ; Borehole geophys. ; Fault zone ; SAF ; USA ; GRL
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  • 42
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 1199-1211, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Three component data ; Seismology ; Spectrum ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Global Positioning System ; BSSA ; China
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  • 43
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    In:  Tectonophysics, Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 331, no. 4, pp. 373-387, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Review article
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  • 44
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 158, no. 3, pp. 849-863, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Earthquake ; GJI
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  • 45
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 2723-2726, pp. L09309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source ; Fracture ; Earthquake ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; parameters ; GRL ; Toksoez ; Toksoz ; Comment ; published ; later ; than ; reply ; !?
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  • 46
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 159, no. 1, pp. 207-2011, pp. L09309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Source ; Earthquake ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; earthquake ; kinematics, ; Global Positioning System ; Duzce ; Duezce ; GJI
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  • 47
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    3-4
    In:  Tectonophysics, Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 378, no. 3, pp. 165-181, pp. L09309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Fluids ; Mineralogy ; Fault zone ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Moment tensor ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Source ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; BSSA
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  • 49
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Potsdam, ZIPE, vol. 82, no. 32, pp. 351-352, pp. 2156, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; paleo ; Seismicity ; Portugal
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  • 50
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    In:  Tectonophysics, Hannover, FU Berlin, vol. 390, no. 1-4, pp. 117-127, pp. 5091692, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Earthquake hazard ; NAF ; Seismicity
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  • 51
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 25, 29, pp. 2501, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Detectors
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  • 52
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    In:  Computers and Geosciences, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 607-608, pp. B04313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Modelling ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; software ; C&G
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  • 53
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 27-39, pp. 1095, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Modelling ; Strong motions ; Earthquake ; Site amplification ; BSSA
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  • 54
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 576-590, pp. 1095, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Strong motions ; noksp ; BSSA
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  • 55
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    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 386, no. 1-2, pp. 67-80, pp. 1095, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source ; Structural geology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; China ; Pichon ; FLORENZO
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  • 56
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    In:  Scientific American, Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 106, no. March, pp. 58-63, pp. 1095, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: Not all earthquakes cause a noticeable rumbling. Recognizing the quiet types could be a tip-off to imminent devastating tsunamis and ground-shaking shocks.
    Keywords: Seismology ; red ; slow ; Earthquake ; Hawaii ; USA ; SciAm ; land ; slides
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  • 57
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Warszawa, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2186-2197, pp. L19608, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Site amplification ; Strong motions ; Nearfield ; Seismic networks ; Taiwan ; China ; BSSA
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismology ; Fracture ; Nearfield ; Earthquake ; Source time function ; BSSA ; China
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  • 59
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 721-733, pp. 1551, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Stress ; Review article ; Subduction zone ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismicity ; seismicity, ; subduction ; GJI
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  • 60
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    In:  Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 389-396, pp. 1551, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Site amplification ; Surface waves ; SDEE
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  • 61
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Taipei, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 109, no. B9, pp. 656-671, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Plate tectonics ; China ; Geodesy ; JGR
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  • 62
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    In:  Tectonophys., Taipei, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 385, no. 3, pp. 105-120, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Velocity depth profile ; Earthquakes, ; active ; tectonics ; mountain ; building, ; orogeny
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  • 63
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 977-985, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Earthquake ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geol. aspects ; BSSA ; China
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  • 64
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 1685-1693, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Stress drop ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; Aftershocks ; Statistical investigations ; Maxwell ; BSSA ; Chery
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  • 65
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 1062-1068, pp. L07301, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; coseismic ; and ; postseismic ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; BSSA ; China
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  • 66
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    In:  Journal of Geodynamics, Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 355-372, pp. RG2001, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Stress ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Hypocentral depth ; Benioff zone
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Stress ; Subduction zone ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Inversion ; JGD
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  • 68
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    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 158, no. 12, pp. 2559-2577, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Spain ; Modelling ; noksp ; PAG
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  • 69
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    In:  J. of Seismology, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 427-437, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Seismicity ; Recurrence of earthquakes ; Statistical investigations ; JOSE
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  • 70
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    In:  Tectonophysics, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 391, no. 1-4, pp. 97-108, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Reflection seismics ; Refraction seismics ; Greece ; Sea seismics ; Tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Fault zone ; Clement
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  • 71
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 159, no. 3, pp. 931-942, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Source ; seismic Moment ; Low frequency ... ; Surface waves ; Inversion ; amplitude ; Spectrum ; Stress ; NAF ; Turkey ; Clevede ; earthquake ; kinematics ; integral ; estimates ; GJI
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  • 72
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    In:  Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Heidelberg, Elsevier, vol. 127, no. 1-4, pp. 35-49, pp. 2164, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismology ; Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Reflectivity ; PEPI
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  • 73
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Roma, Publicazioni dell'Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2124-2136, pp. 2128, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Statistical investigations ; Earthquake hazard ; Two-dimensional ; Italy ; BSSA
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  • 74
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Roma, Acad. Roy. des Sciences, vol. 82, no. 8, pp. 102, 106, pp. B04102, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Statistical investigations ; logic ; tree ; USA ; coefficient ; of ; variation
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Friction ; Fault zone ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Peak ground velocity ; BSSA ; China
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  • 76
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 106, no. B12, pp. 30881-30891, pp. B05310, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: CRUD ; Geodesy ; Subduction zone ; Strain ; Plate tectonics ; 1206 ; Geodesy ; and ; gravity ; Crustal ; movements ; interplate ; (8155) ; 7223 ; Seismology ; Seismic ; hazard ; assessment ; and ; prediction ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; seismotectonics ; 8150 ; Tectonophysics ; Plate ; boundary-general ; 3040 ; JGR
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  • 77
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 65, 68-69, pp. 1062, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Mineralogy ; petrology ; Adaktite ; Subduction zone ; MORB
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  • 78
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    In:  Pageoph, London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 158, no. 6, pp. 423-424, pp. 1062, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Review article ; Nuclear explosion ; CTBT ; PAG
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  • 79
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    In:  Pageoph, London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 158, no. 6, pp. 513-530, pp. 1062, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Nuclear explosion ; CTBT ; PAG ; Acoustics
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  • 80
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 753-774, pp. 1062, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: GeodesyY ; Europe ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Stress ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; active ; tectonics, ; buoyancy ; forces ; GJI ; earthquake ; focal ; mechanisms, ; orogen-perpendicular ; extension, ; stress ; inversion
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  • 81
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 31, no. 18, pp. 278-299, pp. L18607, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Source ; Seismology ; Geodesy ; GRL
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  • 82
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    In:  Earth Science Reviews, London, 416 pp., Geological Society, vol. 54, no. 1-3, pp. 231-260, pp. L18607, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Review article ; Earthquake hazard ; sediments ; lan ; slides
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  • 83
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Pergamon, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 856-866, pp. 2131, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Seismology ; Location ; Spectrum ; BSSA
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  • 84
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 511-519, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Intensity ; Earthquake ; 26 ; Sept. ; 1997 ; ML ; 5.6 ; 5.8 ; BSSA
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  • 85
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    In:  J. Seism. Res., Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 23-28, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake ; China ; JSR
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  • 86
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    In:  Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 80, no. 3-4, pp. 79-93, pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Reflection seismics ; Belgium, ; Campine ; basin, ; Roer ; Valley ; graben, ; seismic ; prospecting ; Tertiary ; Fault zone ; Roermond ; The ; Netherlands ; Neeroeteren
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  • 87
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    Conseil de l'Europe
    In:  Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 18, no. 4a, pp. 53-56, pp. 2083, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Geol. aspects ; paleo ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; The ; Netherlands ; Germany ; Roermond ; GPR ; electrical ; Tomography ; Liege ; KNMI ; LGIH ; NITG-NTO
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  • 88
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Münster, Amer. Sc., vol. 28, no. 17, pp. 3321-3324, pp. 1001, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: el. magn. ; 7200 ; Seismology ; 7223 ; Seismic ; hazard ; assessment ; and ; prediction ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; seismotectonics ; 7299 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; GRL
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  • 89
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    In:  Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Münster, 3, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 605-631, pp. L12311, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: Earthquake hazard in the Marmara Region, Turkey has been investigated using time-independent probabilistic (simple Poissonian) and time-dependent probabilistic (renewal) models. The study culminated in hazard maps of the Marmara Region depicting peak ground acceleration (Peak ground acceleration) and spectral accelerations (SA)'s at 0.2 and 1 s periods corresponding to 10 and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 yrs. The historical seismicity, the tectonic models and the known slip rates along the faults constitute the main data usedin the assignment. Based on recent findings it has been possible to provide a fault segmentation model for the Marmara Sea. For the main Marmara Fault this model essentially identifies fault segments for different structural, tectonic and geometrical features and historical earthquake occurrences. The damage distribution and pattern of the historical earthquakes have been carefully correlated with this fault segmentation model. The inter-event time period between characteristic earthquakes in these segments is consistently estimated by dividing the seismic slip estimated from the earthquake catalog by the Global Positioning System-derived slip rate of 22+/-3 mm/yr. The remaining segments in the eastern and southern Marmara region are also identified using recent geological, geophysical studies and historical earthquakes. The model assumes that seismic energy along the segments is released by characteristic earthquakes. For the probabilistic studies characteristic earthquake based recurrence relationships are used. Assuming normal distribution of inter-arrival times of characteristic earthquakes, the 'mean recurrence time', 'covariance' and the 'time since last earthquake' are developed for each segment. For the renewal model, the conditional probability for each fault segment is calculated from the mean recurrence interval of the characteristic earthquake, the elapsed time since the last major earthquake and the exposure period. The probabilities are conditional since they change as a function of the time elapsed since the last earthquake. For the background earthquake activity, a spatially smoothed seismicity is determined for each cell of a grid composed of cells of size 0.005degree~0.005degree. The ground motions are determined for soft rock (NEHRP B/C boundary) conditions. Western US-based attenuation relationships are utilized, since they show a good correlation with the attenuation characteristics of ground motion in the Marmara region. The possibility, that an event ruptures several fault segments (i.e. cascading), is also taken into account and investigated by two possible models of cascading. Differences between Poissonian and renewal models, and also the effect of cascading have been discussed with the help of Peak ground acceleration ratio maps.
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Fault zone ; NAF ; Marmara ; region, ; peak ; ground ; acceleration ; Peak ground acceleration ; SDEE
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  • 90
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    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 338, no. 3-4, pp. 207-215, pp. B04203, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Stress ; Review article ; Earthquake hazard ; long ; distance ; interaction ; triggering ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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  • 91
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    In:  Journal of Applied Geophysics, Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 153-167, pp. B05S04, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio ; Nakamura ; Spectrum ; NOISE ; Site amplification ; Earthquake ; Micro-tremor (seismic noise) ; Modelling ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Seismicity ; JAG
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  • 92
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., University of Iceland, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment,, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 617-623, pp. B05S04, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: SRICHWALSKI
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  • 93
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    In:  J. of Applied Geophysics, Warszawa, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment,, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 93-106, pp. 2540, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: One of the recurring problems in civil engineering and landscape management is the detection of natural and man-made cavities in order to mitigate the problems of collapse and subsurface subsidence. In general, the position of the cavities is not known, either because they are not recorded in a database or because location maps are not available. In such cases, geophysical methods can provide an effective alternative for cavity detection, particularly ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic methods, for which pertinent results have been recently obtained. Many studies carried out under real conditions have revealed that the signatures derived from interaction between seismic signals and voids are affected by complex geology, thus making them difficult to interpret. We decided to analyze this interaction under physical conditions as simple as possible, i.e., at a test site built specifically for that purpose. The test site was constructed of a homogeneous material and a void-equivalent body so that the ratio between wavelength and heterogeneity size was compatible with that encountered in reality. Numerical modeling was initially used to understand wave interaction with the body, prior to the design of various data-processing protocols. P-wave imagery and surface-wave sections were then acquired and processed. The work involved in this experiment and the associated results are presented, followed by a discussion concerning the reliability of such a study, and its consequences for future seismic projects.
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Engineering geophys. ; P-waves ; Surface waves ; GPR ; seismic ; imaging ; surface ; waves ; cavity
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  • 94
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    In:  J. Struct. Geol., London, Pergamon, vol. 23, no. 2-3, pp. 343-353, pp. B05401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Fluids ; Fault zone ; Gudmundsson ; Structural geology ; JSG
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  • 95
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    In:  Terra Nova, London, Pergamon, vol. 13, no. 2-3, pp. 456-462, pp. B05401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Hydraulic fracturing ; Fluids ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Dynamic ; Rock mechanics ; Gudmundsson
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  • 96
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    In:  Annales Tectonicae, London, Pergamon, vol. 13, no. 2-3, pp. 71-92, pp. B05401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Volcanology ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Dynamic ; Rock mechanics ; Gudmundsson
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  • 97
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., London, Pergamon, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1-4, pp. L11602, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Description: We conducted experiments with trained African elephants that show that low-frequency elephant vocalizations produce Rayleigh waves. We model a potential range for these seismic waves, under ideal conditions, of ca. 2 km. In appropriate conditions, surface waves from an elephant's infrasonic vocalizations might propagate further than airborne sound and provide advantages over acoustic communication. However, if we use the detection capabilities of the human ear as a benchmark for the signal-detection thresholds of elephants, our estimates of attenuation and ambient seismic noise suggest that the seismic detection range is unlikely to exceed the acoustic detection range under normal atmospheric conditions. We conclude that elephants may benefit from seismic detection in circumstances where the range of acoustic communication is limited, or in cases where multimodal communication is advantageous. Given our current understanding, elephants are unlikely to rely on seismic waves as their primary mode for long-range communication.
    Keywords: Waves ; Acoustics ; animals ; 0935 ; Exploration ; Geophysics: ; Seismic ; methods ; 0910 ; Data ; processing ; 5144 ; Physical ; Properties ; of ; Rocks: ; Wave ; attenuation ; 7255 ; Seismology: ; Surface ; waves ; and ; free ; oscillations ; 7299 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; Guenther, ; Gunther ; GRL
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  • 98
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    In:  Eos Trans. AGU, Warszawa, Zaklad Geofizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, vol. 82, no. 45, pp. 529, 534 & 535, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismology ; Project report/description ; 7205 ; Seismology ; Continental ; crust ; (1242) ; 7218 ; Lithosphere ; and ; upper ; mantle ; 8110 ; Tectonophysics ; Continental ; tectonics-general ; (0905)
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  • 99
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    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 287-301, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Borehole breakouts ; Rock mechanics ; Physical properties of rocks ; Stress ; IJRM
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  • 100
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    In:  Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy, Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 26, no. 1-2, pp. 15-20, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Borehole breakouts ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Stress
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