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  • DSC  (58)
  • modeling  (50)
  • Springer  (107)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2000-2004  (107)
  • 2000  (107)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (107)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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  • 2000-2004  (107)
Year
  • 2000  (107)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient Thermal Study of an Adsorption Refrigerating Machine (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption refrigerator ; transient operation ; activated carbon ; methanol ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption refrigerators are a particular type of refrigerator in which compression is avoided, and in a sense replaced by adsorption. No mobile parts are needed; the energy input, instead of being mechanical, is thermal and is used to achieve desorption. Such machines have a cyclic operation, made of successive adsorption/evaporation and of desorption/condensation steps. The transient operation of adsorption refrigerators is a relatively recent subject of research. The modeling of the adsorber is the key point of such studies, because of the complex coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena that occur during the cycle. The present work therefore presents a study of an annular type adsorber which is intended to account for transient temperatures observed experimentally. The equipment in which the experiments were performed and which uses alcohol adsorption on activated carbon is briefly described, and its operating cycle described, along with typical experimental observations of pressure and temperature transients. A model of the adsorber unit is proposed which accounts for the coupling of adsorption and heat transfer, and describes mass-transfer in the annular adsorbent layer as a global diffusional mechanism with temperature dependent parameters. This model correctly predicts, qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, the observed trends of the temperature changes. Finally, various aspects of the performances are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008907518073
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SHADOC: a multi‐agent model to tackle viability of irrigated systems (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 94 (2000), S. 139-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: irrigated system ; modeling ; multi‐agent system ; simulation ; social networks ; coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The viability of irrigated systems in the Senegal River Valley is being brought into question today due to their under‐utilization. We assume that their viability depends largely on the way their different components behave and interact. We therefore sought to examine in greater depth today's knowledge of the structure of these systems and activities performed within them. This led to the development of a multi‐agent system model, a kind of virtual irrigated system, with a special focus on rules in use for access to credit, water allocation and cropping season assessment as well as organization and coordination of farmers. The purpose of this paper is to show how this kind of tool is relevant to the study of irrigated systems' viability. As an example it is used to examine the influence of existing social networks on the viability of irrigated systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018908931155
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging of epoxy resin blended with poly(ether sulfone): Effect of poly(ether sulfone) molecular weight (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Poly(ether sulfone) ; Epoxy resin ; Physical aging ; DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The physical aging process of 4-4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) cured diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBA) blended with various molecular weights of poly(ether sulfone) (PES; Mn = 28,600, 10,600, and 6,137) was studied by DSC. For DGEBA/DDS system blended with a low MW PES-3 (Mn = 6,137), no phase separation of the polymer blend and only one enthalpic relaxation process due to physical aging was observed. Since the high MW PES-1 (Mn = 28,600) had a Tg close to that of fully cured DGEBA/DDS, the fully cured DGEBA/DDS/PES-1 blend had a broader glass transition than a neat DGEBA/DDS system. However, the DSC results showed two enthalpic relaxation processes due to the physical aging of PES-rich and cured epoxy-rich phases as the material was aged at 155 °C (30 °C below Tg). Since the Tgs of PES-1-rich and epoxy-rich phases overlapped with each other, the enthalpic relaxation processes corresponding to each phase coupled to each other in the earlier stage of physical aging. The medium MW PES-2 (Mn = 10,600) has a much lower Tg than that of fully cured DGEBA/DDS, two well separated Tgs were observed for the cured DGEBA/DDS/PES-2 blend, indicating the cured epoxy was immiscible with PES. Aging the polymer blend at 155 °C (24 °C below Tg1 of the PES-2-rich phase and 53 °C below Tg2 of the epoxy-rich phase) produced two well separated relaxation processes due to PES-2-rich and epoxy-rich phases. The experimental results suggested that aging the polymer blend at a suitable temperature would improve the phase separation between PES-1-rich and epoxy-rich phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0128-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product Hardware Complexity and Its Impact on Inventory and Customer On-Time Delivery (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of flexible manufacturing systems 12 (2000), S. 145-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9370
    Keywords: inventory ; modeling ; postponement ; supply chain management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the impact of a reduction in hardware complexity on the supply-chain inventory against various customer on-time delivery alternatives and manufacturing environments. Different methods of reducing hardware complexity are proposed, and their impact on total supply-chain inventory and customer serviceability quantified. An analytical inventory optimization scheme taking into account multistage supply networks, product structure, forecast accuracy, lead-time variability, and supplier reliability is used to determine optimal inventory levels in a stochastic modeling environment. The analysis is based on a business case for an IBM midrange computer family consisting of more than 200 models and upgrades with hundreds of features. We investigate different hardware complexity reduction strategies, including low-usage feature reduction, low-volume feature reduction, and feature substitution, as well as quick response and postponement mechanisms. Our computational results show that, in a fabrication-fulfillment center environment, reducing hardware complexity results in significantly higher inventory savings than in an integrated manufacturing environment. The results presented in this paper were used to reduce hardware complexity in IBM's midrange computer division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008191530004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical chemistry as a tool for interpreting catalysts selectivities (2000)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 13 (2000), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis ; selectivity ; quantum chemistry ; modeling ; butadiene ; α–β unsaturated aldehydes ; enantioselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reaching high selectivities is an important concern for heterogeneous catalysis. Insights in the factors which control the reaction selectivity can be obtained from theoretical approaches, also a full computational description of the reaction is not yet possible, due to the great complexity of the molecules generally involved in fine chemical catalysis. Some theoritical works related to the interpretation of chemical selectivity are rewieved in this paper, with a focus on the various types of selectivity: chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009002921067
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues related to the detection of boundaries (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 453-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: environmental change ; GIS ; landscape ecology ; modeling ; remote sensing ; riparian ; statistics ; wetland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ecotones are inherent features of landscapes, transitional zones, and play more than one functional role in ecosystem dynamics. The delineation of ecotones and environmental boundaries is therefore an important step in land-use management planning. The delineation of ecotones depends on the phenomenon of interest and the statistical methods used as well as the associated spatial and temporal resolution of the data available. In the context of delineating wetland and riparian ecosystems, various data types (field data, remotely sensed data) can be used to delineate ecotones. Methodological issues related to their detection need to be addressed, however, so that their management and monitoring can yield useful information about their dynamics and functional roles in ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to review boundary detection methods. Because the most appropriate methods to detect and characterize boundaries depend of the spatial resolution and the measurement type of the data, a wide range of approaches are presented: GIS, remote sensing and statistical ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008194205292
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and Morphology of a Polyether/Polyacrylate Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Network (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cationic and photoinitiated polymerization ; DSC ; interfacial mixing ; interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) ; glass transition temperature ; NMR ; quantitative thermal analysis of phases ; reactive epoxy and acrylate systems ; Tg broadening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this study NMR and DSC are used to probe the structure, thermal characteristics and morphology of a network formed from a diepoxide/acrylate system. Separate chemistries are employed to polymerize the diepoxide and acrylate components. The cationic polymerization of the diepoxide exhibits excellent selectivity in producing a crosslinked polyether network without affecting the acrylate monomer. Subsequent photoinitiated free-radical polymerization of the acrylate produces a phase separated, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010123610324
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DSC Study on Cure Kinetics of HTPB-IPDI Urethane Reaction (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: catalyst ; cure kinetics ; DSC ; HTPB ; kinetic compensation effect ; urethane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of theurethane-forming cure reaction of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in presence of ferric tris (acetyl acetonate) (FeAA) catalyst was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Arrhenius activation parameters, viz., activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A were evaluated using the non-isothermal integral Coats-Redfern equation. The cure reaction was catalysed by ferric acetyl acetonate (FeAA), as revealed from the decrease in reaction temperatures and the increase in rate constants; however, the computed activation energy did not show any correlation to the catalyst concentration. The values of E and A for the uncatalysed reaction at different heating rates showed interdependence through kinetic compensation (KC) effect. Using KC correction, E values were normalised for the value of A for the uncatalysed reaction under identical conditions. The normalised E values decreased exponentially with increase in concentration of FeAA, showing high propensity of the HTPB-IPDI system for catalysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010127727162
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Side Chain Association on Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties: Cellulose acetate based polycaprolactones (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cellulose acetate ; DSC ; glass transition ; melting ; polycaprolactone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose acetate-based polycaprolactones (CAPCL's) were synthesized by the polymerization of ε-caprolactone which was initiated by non-substituted OH group in cellulose acetate. The CL/OH (mol mol−1) ratios of the CAPCL's were changed from 2 to 20. Thermal and viscoelastic properties of the CAPCL sheets were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Glass transition, cold crystallization and melting were determined by DSC. Dynamic modules (E'), dynamic loss modules (E'') and tanδ were measured in a temperature range from −150 to 50°C by DMA. Apparent activation energy of a dispersion was calculated from the frequency dependency of E'' peak temperature. It was found that the main chain motion of both CA and PCL is observed in a CL/OH ratio from 0 to 10 mol mol−1. However, when CL/OH ratio exceeds 10 mol mol−1, the crystalline region which is rearranged by the PCL chain association is observed and only the main chain motion of PCL can be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010140129888
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Development During Thermal Fractionation of Polyethylenes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; metallocene ; polyethylenes ; SAXS ; synchrotron radiation ; thermal fractionation ; WAXD ; Ziegler-Natta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, the stepwise isothermal crystallization or thermal fractionation of Ziegler—Natta and metallocene based polyethylenes (ZN-PE and m-PE) with two kinds of branch lengths (ethyl and hexyl) and branch compositions were studied using simultaneous synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal long period and the invariant were determined by SAXS, and the variations of crystal unit cell parameters and the degree of crystallinity were determined by WAXD. The arithmetic mean length (Ln), the weightedmean length (Lw) and the broadness index (Lw/Ln) of the studied polyethylenes were previously determined by DSC. Results from these studies were interpreted using the model of branch exclusion, which affects the ability of the chain-reentry into the crystal phase. Multiple SAXS peaks and step-change in crystallinity change (WAXD) were seen during heating, which corresponded well with the crystal thickness distribution induced by stepwise crystallization. The effects of the heterogeneity of the 1-olefin branch length and the distribution on the crystal long period and the invariant as well as the degree of crystallinity were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010100432613
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