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  • Springer  (69,847)
  • Wiley  (17,204)
  • Emerald  (3,076)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2020
  • 2000-2004  (90,135)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2000  (90,135)
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  • 2020-2020
  • 2000-2004  (90,135)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, Berlinpp. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics ; 1725) Remark (September 2002): The original edition is now out of print. A slightly revised version (compare `Errata' and `Additions' under: {http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Modelling/LGCA+LBM/} is availab, Berlin, Springer, 308, 308 p., ISBN: 3-540-66973-6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Lattice-gas cellular automata (LGCA) and lattice Boltzmann models (LBM) are relatively new andpromising methods for the numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. The bookprovides an introduction for graduate students and researchers. Working knowledge of calculus isrequired and experience in PDEs and fluid dynamics is recommended. Some peculiarities of cellularautomata are outlined in Chapter 2. The properties of various LGCA and special coding techniquesare discussed in Chapter 3. Concepts from statistical mechanics (Chapter 4) provide the necessarytheoretical background for LGCA and LBM. The properties of lattice Boltzmann models and amethod for their construction are presented in Chapter 5.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 276-297 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The nature of competition between different tiers (e.g. high-tier vs low-tier brands) has become an important research domain for academic researchers and marketing managers. Although research on inter-tier competition is growing at an increasing rate, there has not been a comprehensive attempt to summarize the research in this stream. The objective of this article is to synthesize the research on inter-tier competition, extract the key findings, discuss managerial implications, and offer future research directions.
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  • 3
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 304-320 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Products that have a short selling season face high uncertainty in demand. Retailers who sell such products therefore find the task of pricing and inventory challenging. Many retailers consider making these decisions as an art form and do not use quantitative models that are developed by researchers. Describes how retailers typically make pricing and inventory decisions and also reviews quantitative models that have been developed by researchers to improve on one or more of these decisions. A classification of these models is developed and how they can assist the retailer is explained. A simple explanation of two mathematical tools, Bayesian updating of information and dynamic programming, which are commonly mentioned in the literature are also given.
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  • 4
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 350-370 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the research reported here was to test empirically a conceptualization of brand associations that consists of three dimensions: brand image, brand attitude and perceived quality. A better understanding of brand associations is needed to facilitate further theoretical development and practical measurement of the construct. Three studies were conducted to: test a protocol for developing product category specific measures of brand image; investigate the dimensionality of the brand associations construct; and explore whether the degree of dimensionality of brand associations varies depending upon a brand's familiarity. Findings confirm the efficacy of the brand image protocol and indicate that brand associations differ across brands and product categories. The latter finding supports the conclusion that brand associations for different products should be measured using different items. As predicted, dimensionality of brand associations was found to be influenced by brand familiarity.
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  • 5
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 389-414 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Brand managers in packaged goods firms are under pressure to increase or maintain high sales promotion spending at the expense of media advertising. This study investigates the antecedents and outcomes of brand managers' advertising and sales promotion budget allocations by adopting a bounded rationality perspective. Based on survey data collected from 165 brand managers in the USA, higher advertising (vs sales promotion) allocations are associated with: single, relatively high priced brands in the early phases of the product life cycle; and more experienced brand managers who are subject to less retail influence. Also, brands with higher budget allocations to advertising, relative to sales promotion, tend to have more favorable consumer attitudes, stronger brand equity, and higher market share increases and profits. Managerial implications and areas for future study are discussed.
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  • 6
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 446-456 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Previous research studies on generic products focus mainly on mature markets such as the USA. These studies measure consumer perceptions of all generic products as a whole, with respect to price and quality. With the passing of the NAFTA, retailers' interest in the relatively young Mexican market has increased. The purpose of this study is to determine Mexican consumers' overall perceptions of generic grocery products, to examine if there are any differences in perception across demographic groups and to determine if there are differences in the perception of generic products across product categories. Two variables were examined: risk perception of generic products and satisfaction with generic products.
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  • 7
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 472-484 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Companies have become increasingly active in developing relationships between their brands and popular causes in such areas as the environment (e.g. nature conservancy) and health issues (e.g. breast cancer awareness crusade). As such alliances become a more important strategic component of the brand's marketing mix, managers seek direction as to how to generate the most impact with these tie-ins. This article uses associative learning principles as a framework for understanding how to facilitate building connections between brands and causes so as to increase the value of this highly visible marketing activity. Specific associative learning principles are detailed and applied, improving the use of cause-related marketing alliances.
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  • 8
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This article profiles the technology-rich environment at Elsik High School in the Alief Intermediate School District on the west side of Houston. The district's $16 million commitment to technology by 2001 is explored. The instructional benefits are featured by departments with a basic outline as to what students are doing in a strong instructional program that is technology-based. Implementation ideas by departments are demonstrated from the art department to the sciences and social studies. After departments are highlighted, the technology available to the administrators, teachers, and staff is showcased. Online technologies, video distribution, and video conferencing are discussed. All of the technological tools and implementation of these tools into and across the curriculum demonstrate Elsik High School's commitment to integrate technology into each and every classroom to better prepare students for the new millenium.
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  • 9
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Fachhochschule JOANNEUM (FH JOANNEUM), a university of applied science, founded the Centre for Multimedia and Learning (CML) in 1998, in order to provide support for lecturers in implementing computer-supported learning strategies within their classes. Now, after two years of work and different approaches applied, the CML has developed a strategy which promises a sustainable development for the highly diversified courses offered at the university. Within this article, evaluation results of three different approaches are described and the future strategy of a bottom-up approach is outlined. Based on the results, an in-house training program for the teaching staff has been developed.
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  • 10
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 7-18 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines various aspects of the motives, perceptions and expectations connected with the introduction of Internet banking in Danish retail banking. Responses from 60 key managers in the largest retail banks in Denmark show that they believe that Internet banking will become more important in the future, whereas all other distribution channels are predicted to become less important. Describes further the relationship between the perceptions of and expectations from Internet banking, the reasons for offering an Internet bank and the way it has been organized in the banks.
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  • 11
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet is gaining popularity as a delivery channel in the banking sector. At the same time, customer needs are changing. A total of 12 Internet banking operations in the UK are analysed under customer empowerment functions and Internet banking Web attributes. Internet banking renders location and time irrelevant, and empowers customers with greater control of their accounts. Banks achieve cost and efficiency gains in a large number of operational areas.
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  • 12
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 31-44 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes an approach automatically to classify and evaluate publicly accessible World Wide Web sites. The suggested methodology is equally valuable for analyzing content and hypertext structures of commercial, educational and non-profit organizations. Outlines a research methodology for model building and validation and defines the most relevant attributes of such a process. A set of operational criteria for classifying Web sites is developed. The introduced software tool supports the automated gathering of these parameters, and thereby assures the necessary "critical mass" of empirical data. Based on the preprocessed information, a multi-methodological approach is chosen that comprises statistical clustering, textual analysis, supervised and non-supervised neural networks and manual classification for validation purposes.
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  • 13
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 44-55 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Compares the perceptions of Malaysians (representing eastern, Asian culture) and Australians (representing western, European culture) for four Web site design characteristics - atmospherics, news stories, signs and products and services - as part of the integrated Internet marketing model. Under controlled laboratory conditions, two groupings of 30 subjects evaluated eight Web sites - four in Malaysia and four in Australia - in the retail and services sectors. Hypothesises that the predominant culture is not generalised to another culture. Some tentative support for the research premise is found since where a group's perceptions for Web design characteristics and their effectiveness was significantly higher, it was for sites originating in that group's country. Furthermore, perceptions both support and contradict previous research suggesting that Australians prefer an environment of low context and high explicit communications while Asians operate in an environment of high context that stresses implicit communications.
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  • 14
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Power has become an important contextual factor in electronic commerce adoption. Persuading trading partners can mean using persuasive power. Hence, the way power is used to influence trading partners will determine the extent to which trust is encouraged during the adoption and integration process. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact of power in EDI adoption. The findings of a case study within an automotive manufacturer indicate that negative (coercive) power left smaller suppliers in a situation of uncertainty, and even conflict, whereas positive (persuasive) power resulted in open communications between smaller suppliers and their buyers, thus building trading partner trust and long-term trading relationships.
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  • 15
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the relationship between accessibility to information technology and research publications among users of agricultural libraries in Nigeria. A self-constructed questionnaire, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.90, was used to collect data. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and a response rate of 78.7 per cent was obtained. Data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and the student t-test. Results showed that there was no significant association between accessibility and research publications. The finding is discussed in the context of information technology benefits in developing countries generally. Suggestions are proffered on how to improve the benefits of IT access.
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  • 16
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 102-113 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents the findings of an empirical investigation of Internet shopping in Singapore. Specifically, Internet buying behaviour is compared between potential Internet buyers and non-Internet buyers. It was found that the classification of different types of products and services will significantly influence the consumer choice between a retail store and Internet shopping mall. The types of products and services that are suitable for selling through the Internet are also identified. Generally, products and services that have a low outlay, are frequently purchased, have intangible value proposition, and relatively high on differentiation are more likely to be purchased via the Internet. Based on the analysis and results obtained from the study, some recommendations are presented to retailers who are interested in selling their products via the Internet.
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  • 17
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 72-83 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the issue of business-to-business e-commerce implementation and the factors affecting it, considering the appropriateness of the various theories which underpin research into systems implementation (primarily diffusion of innovation and traditional change management theory). Describes the results of a case study of BHP Steel, the largest steel producer and one of the largest companies in Australia, which is a leader in e-commerce implementation. The results suggest that, over time, the driving force for e-commerce changed significantly. From an initial push to improve current business processes by adopting EDI to achieve savings and improve efficiency, the company came to be driven by a desire for greater supplier involvement and customer service in later implementations. Discusses the ways in which BHP Steel's e-commerce innovations have changed and suggests that, in addition to considering the characteristics of the innovation process, other more contextual aspects of implementation (such as the social system in which the innovation evolves and the timing of the innovation's introduction) be considered in an inter-organizational context.
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  • 18
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 114-125 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce has recently shown enormous potential to take over a significant share of the sales market. There is a need to provide services that can reach individual computer users with different information profiles and levels of expertise. In this article the concept of Web assistants, human assistants working in an electronic Web shop, is presented. This human-computer collaboration provides intelligent and adaptive services via an integrated communication media. A prototype of a Web assistant system has been implemented. While browsing through the system the user can call for human assistance should the need arise. Presents the results of a usability study performed on the prototype system. Recent commercial moves in the direction discussed in this article increase the importance of the usability study. The results are encouraging, especially when it comes to the attitude aspects of usability. The subjects were extremely enthusiastic about the concept of Web assistants and its implications. The human Web assistant who participated in the field trial highlighted the importance of user modelling. Although the system is mainly in the context of electronic commerce, it can be used in many other contexts. These include home automation, digital libraries, and technical support, to name a few.
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  • 19
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 170-181 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the use of information technology in the UK National Health Service (NHS) as the government pledges to connect every doctor or general practitioner (GP) to the NHS's information superhighway by the year 2002. This paper uses a case study of a particular UK health authority as a vehicle to illustrate the complexity of the social and technical considerations surrounding this issue. At a grass roots level, the adoption and diffusion of information technology within general practices (surgeries or groups of GPs) is highly varied and there are huge contrasts in the levels of commitment to information management. Within the case study this is evident on an individual level, in that some GPs enthuse about technology, while others are positively "technophobic". On the general practice level, there are other elements to consider, especially in relation to the levels of financial support available. Non-fund holding general practices in socially deprived areas are far less willing to embrace information management and technology. One explanation suggested for this is based on priorities: when faced with the option of "cruising" the information superhighway, as opposed to treating seriously ill patients living in socially deprived areas, the former may simply be relegated as less important.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 215-226 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, it is argued that the concept of mass customization should not be treated as an alternative strategy to market segmentation. It should be seen as an integral part of market segmentation theory which offers the best way to satisfy individual consumer's unique needs and wants while yielding profits to companies. Though the overall objective of the concept of mass customization is to recognize individual differences among customers and modify the offerings accordingly, by using the logic of the segmentation theory, this paper argues that mass customization is also not simply equal to segmenting-to-one. If all the relevant variables that affect buyer behavior are taken into account, the result is an untenably large number of market segments (finally segment of one). However, practically, creating separate marketing programs for each individual in most circumstances will become extremely difficult, even not feasible, and less profitable. In response to this dilemma, this paper proposes a new concept of "Segment-based mass customization". The basic idea behind this concept is that, mass customization is the efforts of reaching a segment unit efficiently and profitably. The efficiency and profitability will be determined by whether the mass customization is based on an optimal segment size, which is subject to the market situation and company resources. Finally, this paper comes up with a series of propositions which are relevant to developing a good customization strategy.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 238-245 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The paper explains the background to experimental work that was conducted with the aim of measuring aspects of the WWW (specifically the average lifetime of a web link and the impact of the "Millennium Bug"), but which inadvertently caused two perceived security breaches on remote systems. The paper explains the nature of these incidents and considers why, when over 700,000 IP addresses were randomly sampled in the experimental study, only two sites considered the activity to be an attempt to breach their security. It is concluded that, while the appropriate protection of Internet-based systems is undoubtedly of importance, the problems experienced during the experimental study suggest a lack of uniformity in what different organisations will class as a security breach.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 246-255 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Software is the intellectual capital output of the codified knowledge of a programming team. The development cost is high, but the variable cost of sale is substantially lower (negligible) than for hard goods. Unfortunately, there does not exist a valid or reliable measure to value software. The trend has been to align pricing to the activities that buyers realize value from. However, new architectures change the nature of where value is realized and how service becomes part of the equation. There does not exist a perfect generic pricing model. Vendors must understand the value they provide to their customers and create a price structure that aligns pricing with value realization, but more importantly facilitates their business objectives of the product (and service).
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  • 23
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A huge upsurge in the growth of e-mail is expected but there has been relatively little published advice on how to take a corporate view of electronic mail, despite demonstration of its operational benefits and of the consequences of its misuse in economic, human and lately in legal terms. This article contributes to formation of such advice. Employing a mix of questionnaire and interview methods, a set of disparate organisations was studied - a global financial services company, an upmarket hotel group, a well-established mobile-telecommunications company, and three universities. The results were used to devise a multi-dimensional "positioning" model, for practical use by managers to understand their organisations' present use of e-mail on four dimensions: information management, people influences, corporate culture, and knowledge management. Shows how an organisation can find/change its present position on the model.
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  • 24
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 329-346 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This project developed and implemented a prototype WWW-based instructional learning system modeled around a metacognitive research and development framework which mapped cognitive variables, to metacognitive learning strategies for those variables, to metadata for the instructional design of the media. The framework helped delineate learning strategies and related metacognitive attributes of young students acquiring knowledge in advanced science concepts in an Internet/browser-based environment. The framework also provided a basis for learner-specific Internet content personalization.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 346-356 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes a case research study into how knowledge workers adopt telework as an alternative work arrangement. It reports how knowledge workers in two New Zealand organisations organise their workload to take advantage of the information and Internet technology available to them in their work and home environments. The findings of the study indicate that knowledge workers are inclined to use home-based teleworking as an adjunct to the work done during normal business hours. Their preference is still to work at the office for most of their work time. Discusses the implications of the findings for practice and research.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 365-374 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes some of the key findings of academic papers presented at the First World Congress on the Management of Electronic Commerce, which took place in January, 2000, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, sponsored by McMaster University. The conference was attended by 243 delegates from more than 25 countries. Outlines two meta-management issues including: the importance of taking a strategic approach to Internet ventures as well as considering infrastructure design during implementation. Several of the papers presented fell into three broad functional categories including operations, human resources and marketing. Finally, a summary of internationalization and education implications is discussed.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 459-470 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explores how the spread of connectivity and the introduction of new standards is driving the emergence of entirely new value constructs that deliver to multiple stakeholders. Examines the new economics of network growth and the associated "economics of increasing returns". Looks at the dynamic trajectory of this function from the perspective of new business development at the various stages of the trajectory, and derives management implications for each stage in terms of appropriate competitive and market strategies, organizational structure and management practices. Applies the resulting framework to discuss specific implications for the business start-up of Access Point, Philips' new multimedia, voice technology-based information and on-line services venture that has at its core a disruptive technology.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 374-384 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce has existed in the business-to-business marketplace since the 1970s, in forms such as electronic data interchange (EDI) and electronic funds transfer (EFT). With the emergence of the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, electronic commerce entered a new era which opened the door for an electronic business-to-consumer marketplace. Although the retail side of electronic commerce is still in its infancy, the Web medium offers great potential for building the customer-base, promoting sales, and improving after-sales service. Examines the concept of relationship marketing, which has caused a paradigm shift in business-to-business marketing during recent years. Extends the concepts of network marketing to the Web retail marketplace, and develops a market process model for Web retailing that outlines the stages of the relationship building process.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 385-395 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: E-commerce technologies provide effective and efficient ways in which corporate buyers can gather information rapidly about available P/S (products and services), evaluate and negotiate with suppliers, implement order fulfillment over communications links, and access post-sales services. From the supplier side, marketing, sales, and service information is also readily gathered from customers. Building and maintaining customer relationships is the key to success in e-commerce and, unless service is maintained, customer loss may result, more than offsetting any cost efficiencies due to introducing e-commerce technology. Since the core of e-commerce is information and communications, support for managing customer relationships is available to those who know how to use it. Discusses how technology can be used to encourage and facilitate customer-business relationships. Shows through a customer relationship life cycle model how the management of related procurement functions in customer companies can adjust to take advantage of these relationships.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 396-405 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Software agents are computer programs that run in the background and perform tasks autonomously as delegated by the user. Although there has been much research on this topic recently, usable software agents are at an early stage of development, and are only now starting to appear in real applications. Typical of these early stages, there has been a technology focus, rather than a product focus, in much of the development work to date. A fruitful application area for software agents is in the area of e-commerce, where potential buyers can easily be overwhelmed by the flood of information that is available, thus potentially making less than optimal purchasing decisions. This paper blends models from marketing and learnings from the field of decision support systems to build a framework for the design of software agents to support in e-commerce buying applications.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 406-417 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: E-commerce enables new kinds of business models to coordinate a value chain. Coordination of the value chain can be accomplished using direct communication or with the help of intermediaries such as brokers, dealers and auctions. The role of electronic intermediaries is becoming increasingly more important. The introduction of new business models in a value chain is a cumbersome process, due to the complexity of the value chain, unclear implications, different goals and interests of the stakeholders and unclear business models. Therefore, there is a need for a business engineering methodology that supports the design and development of new business models by helping the identification of these new business models and by providing insight into the implications of these business models. A business engineering methodology is presented that supports the identification and evaluation of various alternative value chain configurations. The goal of this methodology is to give stakeholders insight into their current, and possible alternative, situations by means of visualization, to evaluate the added value of business models using simulation and to gain experience with the new business models using gaming.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 451-459 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Electronic commerce enables organizations to form virtual organizations. Shifting between different linkages of the partners for satisfying a need is the major characteristic of the virtual organization, and meta-management beyond the individual organizational level must be applied in order to optimize the benefit for the entire organizational network. This paper proposes a meta-management support system to support the meta-management in virtual organizations. Object-oriented organization modeling and virtual value chain analysis are used to implement the proposed meta-management support system.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 439-450 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The balanced scorecard is a formal management technique that is built on the premise that measurement is a prerequisite to strategic management. A broad range of business goals can be incorporated in the scorecard and realistic performance targets can be aligned with business strategies. Electronic commerce is rapidly becoming concerned with the many different ways organisations do business and is therefore an area of strategic concern to organisations. A case study of the implementation of the balanced scorecard in a public utility will be analysed to suggest how the basic concepts and philosophy of the balanced scorecard can be retained in its adaptation to the strategic management of electronic commerce.
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  • 34
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 418-425 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: A key benefit of advances in information technology has been the increased ability to make decisions that integrate different perspectives. Enterprise resource planning software integrates information from traditionally disparate parts of the same organization. Search engines and Internet services allow a user to integrate information from sources all over the world. So what kind of integrated decisions can the e-commerce supplier or customer make? From a technological perspective, the answer to this question depends on the following: how a given organization presents its information to others, and how it finds the right information from others. A useful tool for e-commerce suppliers and customers to make integrated decisions is an enterprise model, a computational model of the knowledge about an enterprise - its products, processes, organizational structures, resources, goals, and constraints. Sharable knowledge, once organized and represented in an enterprise model, can then be integrated by the modelled enterprise's e-commerce partners. Presents background on enterprise modelling followed by the key managerial and technological challenges in extending traditional models of the enterprise for e-commerce. Finally, discusses research to address some of these challenges.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 30-36 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Shareholder-value proponents claim a new, economically sound way to maximize profits, create wealth, measure performance, and reward executives. That invalid claim is dangerous. Stocks of shareholder-value firms appreciated barely 15 percent as much as another, time-tested strategic-management system. Shareholder-value strategies are easily countered. Shareholder value mis-allocates resources, revives old fallacies, and debases the reputation of economics as a useful business discipline.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses a talk given by Ross Jones at the UK Asset and Liability Management Association about the effect globalization is having on the increased lack of financial controls. Looks at the history of liquidation and how it was achieved. Further investigates IT and the markets and how they have changed under technology's influence - but that it should be used properly to add value. Wonders whether in the future there will be only one settlement and clearing system for the whole world!
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  • 37
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 38-41 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates company Web sites and the use by them of IT. Posits that some companies are too much in a hurry to understand what is going on in IT, while others are just plain scared of the new technology. Looks at risk with regard to security and whether risk is changing for better or worse. Discusses further the Internet and the risks that are involved therein –– with security an important part. Gives guidelines, in depth, on the four main issues to IT governance: market; design; operation; and security and uses bullet points for emphasis.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 10-11 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Expresses concern that the Basle proposals do not accord with current UK institutions principles and outlines areas, in great detail, which need to be addressed. States there are three main concerns for UK bankers, these are: the banking book is not defined; management of exposure differs between institutions; and measurement of exposure also differs between institutions. Defines the banking book as also being different between institutions but can appear to encompass everything that is not trading. Discusses management of interest rate exposure, its measurement, the regulator's approach and last, the practitioner's approach. Concludes that the current European Consultation Document is contrary to UK institutions' principles.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 46-47 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on recent unsettled years in the group risk market and the steady period of recruitment in investment and retail banks. Suggests that the best ways to retain staff are: creation of better defined career paths; increased challenges and responsibilities given candidates; and increased rewards within roles. Summarizes that though salaries continue to rise and competition for highest qualified candidates are high, progressive challenges and consistent management are among key ways to retain treasury staff.
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  • 40
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 12-17 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the rapid advances in risk measurement capabilities of financial institutions with the Basle Accord standards firmly in mind. Gives firm guidelines from the Basle Committee and recommendations and examples. States many financial institutions have developed methods for relating risk to capital, similar to the framework outlined in the recommendations. Looks at applications of economic capital and explores how these can be used to improve management decision making. Sums up that the need for financial institutions to design and implement what is required is pressing indeed.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 49-50 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Takes a humorous view, using Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, in setting up a hypothetical case of derivative investigation by the two sleuths. Asks a few questions along the way and uses a figure to add emphasis to "the entangled equilibrium of principal and interest". Cryptic clues abound in this with a good message for practitioners.
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  • 42
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Demonstrates complete overview of risk-adjusted performance measurement (RAPM) and how it can be a key management tool - particularly when combined with an economic capital allocation framework. Discusses RAPM and how it would enable senior management to allocate economic capital more effectively to help to maximize overall risk-adjusted returns on the whole of the firm's economic capital. Summarizes with correct risk management methodology institutions should see greater profits and the rest of the benefits to develop strong, risk control structure.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: States that, to build an asset and liability management (ALM) model is a large and crucial project giving the choice of self-build or to purchase an established model. Gives pros and cons for both choices and says that it may depend on the individual bank as to which one is the best. Posits that there are three main rewards involved for financial institutions who have more than one transaction processing system, these are: efficient compliance of key ratios and limits with ease; achievement of hedge, funding and policy; and planning and business modelling, covering a wide spectrum. Concludes that all companies differ and have many and changing requirements and should fit product to requirements and not vice versa.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 26-27 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Outlines how Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) chose its new risk management software and the criteria required by the provider. Describes how three banks merged in January 1999 to become LBBW and how it is now one of Germany's largest and most prestigious banking groups. Investigates the bank's selection processes for its risk management solution, using consultants to assist in its search, and how it came to select Midas-Kapiti as its provider.
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 31-33 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at how major companies have benefited from investing in e-commerce and recommends all businesses should follow their lead. Examines the rise in dot.com shares in the USA and the UK and how there is no sign of this interest waning but that, for some considerable time to come, general retail business will continue to flow through high streets. Investigates the "new" technologies such as PC/laptop/mobile phone/Internet/TV Web connections, etc. Concludes that key issues for the financial sector will be old ones - branding and customer satisfaction.
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  • 46
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 28-30 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates Internet-related changes taking place in the financial world - particularly in treasury systems. Looks at web/com enabling and server-based thin client in depth, as these are the two main thrusts in e-commerce. Looks at the relevance for treasury systems including cash forecasting. Discusses the various ways the Internet can now be used in aiding customers in financial areas. Concludes that treasury systems are superior (but more expensive) than spreadsheets in small corporates.
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  • 47
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 37-39 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on e-business and its boom in the financial sector and the criteria required to meet rules laid down by the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Presents FSA requirements as follows, regarding "operating" in the UK: targeting UK residents; head office/egistered office located in the UK; head office/registered office located overseas but targeting UK residents (with various exceptions); computer systems physically based in the UK. Closes by saying the e-business market for financial services is likely to expand in the years to come - but the FSA must be consulted before final plans are made.
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  • 48
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    Bradford : Emerald
    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Documents a joint venture between PricewaterhouseCoopers and the London School of Economics with regard to changes facing risk management. Chronicles that risk management is in its infancy, but that there are things that can be counted, measured and put away with banks and insurance companies to the fore of that. Maintains that some forms of vision/strategy is needed and a knowledge of what is wanted from risk management. Sums up that risk management needs to provide a sharper focus on the business - through which to view the business.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 9-10 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article Terry Simister explains the background behind the initiative led by the Institute of Risk Management to establish recognised British and International standards for the practice of risk management. He discusses the historical development of the concept of risk management and how that led to recognition of the need to create a profession to deal with all its aspects. He analyses the difficulties in providing a comprehensive definition of risk management and the difficulties there have been in reaching agreement in the international arena. He concludes with an overview of the forces which make an agreed standard a necessity.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 21-22 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article the author discusses two alternative approaches to the valuing of non-maturity deposits. He examines both the replication of cash flows and behavioural modelling and analyses the various other factors which should be taken into account.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 18-20 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores the impact that XBRL, the new business reporting language, will have on reporting in financial services companies. The author explains how XBRL works and how it should mean that companies and users of corporate information will be able to use financial services, which is much more reliant than other business entities on simple data, will be able to assess the impact of the financials in a much faster and more fluent way. The author provides a short research programme to prove XBRL's impact.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 37-38 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author describes the processes which have led to the creation of an accepted set of international financial reporting standards. He looks at the background and the history behind this development and assesses the likely changes in the future which will stem from the decision.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 24-36 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this extract from his latest book Mark Haynes Daniell analyses new sources of risk and opportunity as the telecommunications industry revolutionises the business world. He looks at recurring risk patterns and what can be done to combat them. He then looks at how some of the biggest names have coped and provides some lessons which should be learned.
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  • 54
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we attempt to address, in a non-technical way, the basic assumptions underlying option pricing theory and point out some of the inherent weaknesses they imply in the reliability of the resulting valuations. We present several concrete examples to illustrate the impact of the modeling assumptions and selecting input parameters for the models. We point out the importance for anybody involved in derivatives business to be aware of such issues and encourage them to obtain at least a superficial understanding of the quantitative aspects of option pricing.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 15-16 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Highlights eBusiness-to-business (eB2B), which comprises 84 per cent of online revenue - strongest of all in the financial sector. Profiles the various companies involved - such as Westpac and Citicommerce, Chase, American Express, Cybercapital and Epoch Partners. Espouses that there is more than one way to succeed in this e-area. Concludes that eB2B will be at the foundations of the new economy and that the new market leaders will, industry-wide, take up the challenge.
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  • 56
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 10-13 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses the recently published draft standard from the Bank of England that covers most controversial banking regulatory areas. States that there may well be advantages in a fair value approach for banks but disclosure of fair values would probably be preferable. Looks at the S&L crisis in the USA and how legislation worked in its case. Elaborates on Denmark's comprehensive fair value approach that suggests that adjustments in this system do increase earnings and value of capital volatility. Pinpoints bond market problems and liabilities valuation. Contends that there would be advantages in adopting disclosure of fair values.
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  • 57
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 8-9 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at how banks, since 1988, have increasingly engaged in transactions to enable transfer to credit risk, to try to achieve better allocations of economic capital. States that the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc. (ISDA), believes current reviews of the Basel Accord opens gates to align underlying credit risk in such structures. Proposes that the two regulatory proposals with main interest for investors are: the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Base, New Capital Adequacy Framework (June, 1999); and the EU Review of Regulatory Requirements (November, 1999); which are broadly consistent - but not the same. Concludes that institutions should begin now in order to ensure the determining policies are in place along with procedures, processes and systems, to create a secure environment.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Advances ongoing risk management and opens with a short example of how one senior operating executive stated there were no risks to his business unit. Claims that managers cannot be blamed for lack of knowledge in this area, as it is only lately that new approaches, to use powerful tools in assessing risk and control, are emerging. Further discusses in depth these, and the other ways to define, prioritize and align, end result objectives. Demonstrates that much closer links must exist among an organization's assurance providers to enable modern methods to prevail.
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  • 59
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 26-35 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at some case studies from the world of global risk management and analyses their successes and failures.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 38-41 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Wonders why there is so much excitement about risk management? States, whatever the reason, that organizations may lose out if they do not use the real value within the regulatory requirements (Turnbull/Combined Code). Posits that the effectiveness of risk management depends wholly on the skills, knowledge and commitment of those applying them. Concludes that if a reporting process is linked into the management process it will sustain proactive risk management - enabling an organization to find the value enclosed.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 22-24 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates risk and the difference e-commerce has had on global markets and, in particular, how Western experts managed to get wrong the prospects for the future with regard to banks in Russia and Indonesia. Posits that analysing risk can be done in four different ways: identifying risk factors; evaluating likelihood and effect; prioritizing and budgeting; and planning. Uses two case studies for extra emphasis - BT-UK versus Vodafone; and Eurasia Mining plc (UK), operating in Russia and gives good advice in the aftermath of these. Closes in stating that risk-seeking is a factor of modern operational risk and it is a recipe for disaster.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the issue of outsourcing the bank's corporate treasury function. Looks at the benefits and disadvantages involved. Discusses the way in which outsourcing can be achieved. Explains the value of currency overlay.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 20-21 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the difficulties experienced by banks in implementing integrated asset and liability management. Explains some of the measures needed in the worlds of credit risk and interest risk. Presents a matrix for risk management and encourages training in this area.
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  • 64
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 22-25 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks at the benefits of embedding a risk management capability across a whole enterprise. Gives particular consideration to the creation of such a culture, outlining four factors characterizing this environment. Covers three key risk areas, and provides a model of the governance structure and infrastructure elements required.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Provides an overview of the directions, including wrong turnings, in which European and global banking is heading. Based on the viewpoint of Howard Davies, the head of the UK regulatory body the Financial Services Authority, covers issues such as greater regulation, Internet services and erosion of margins. Concludes that this is an exciting time to be in banking and those who succeed will have learnt to cope with today's speed of change and technology development.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Traces the history of the development of the chief risk officer. Considers where the value of such a role lies. Outlines the skills required by the individual and discusses the competing issues which firms must bear in mind.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 29-31 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Provides a practical guide to option adjusted transfer pricing. Describes the basic elements of the finances and accounting required to make this practical. Presents basic examples of funds transfer pricing. Considers the risks involved.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Draws on the results of a survey into alternative risk transfer by Marsh Risk Finance covering major corporations over three years. Covers the needs of the buyers rather than the suppliers. Shows how alternative risk transfer can be of value to the insurance world in particular. Highlights a need for this technique to reach a wider audience as buyer perceptions change.
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    Balance sheet 8 (2000), S. 36-46 
    ISSN: 0965-7967
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reproduces an exclusive extract from Chapter 22 of the new edition of Copeland, Koller and Murrin's definitive work Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies. Covers the practical techniques to use in the difficult issue of valuing insurance companies, using Trans America as a case study.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 6-20 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recent interest in the Internet as a medium for commerce has raised questions about the usefulness of branding on the World Wide Web. Examines whether consumers use brands as sources of information when shopping on the Internet. Applying theory from the economics of information, predicts that recent adopters of the Internet will be less proficient at searching for product information and will rely more on brands. As they gather more experience on the Internet, their search proficiency should rise and their brand reliance should fall. These hypotheses are tested and confirmed using usage and opinion survey data from the Internet community. The results suggest that branding can facilitate consumers' acceptance of electronic commerce.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 56-70 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is estimated that 73 percent of purchase decisions are made at point of sale. In scanning packs at point of sale, perception is rapid, and quick recognition is important for inclusion in the decision process. Under conditions of rapid perception, there is an advantage for verbal stimuli perceived from the right-hand side, and for non-verbal stimuli perceived from the left-hand side. This advantage probably derives from the laterality of the brain, with word processing generally being handled by the left hemisphere, while the right hemisphere generally processes pictorial matter. This asymmetry of perception implies that to maximise recall, words should be on the right-hand sides of packs, pictures should be on the left. We tested this, using a tachistoscope to measure difference in recall. The results confirm the asymmetry of perception of elements of packaging.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 150-163 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When firms offer consumers a choice of price-quality levels - the "good-better-best" choice - a challenge for managers is how to set price differentials. This article examines how consumer preferences across such price tiers are influenced by non-price cues about quality. The results suggest that the pattern of preferences observed across price-tiers can be influenced by: how quality cues (as well as price levels) are framed; the distribution of various price-quality tradeoff strategies across potential buyers; and the degree of perceived quality variability within the product category. Specifically, the use of ratio-scaled cues is most likely to impact "trading-up" behavior when there are a large number of consumers who exhibit "best value-seeking" behavior in a market.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 193-207 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While fixed price offers are quite common in the marketplace, there is limited empirical evidence that documents the effectiveness of these offers in comparison to price discounting tactics. Drawing on information processing theory we provide a conceptual framework that explains the differential impact of fixed price and price discounting tactics. The empirical study shows that consumers' perceptions of quality and value for the product were higher when price information was presented in a fixed format (versus a discount). Furthermore, perceptions of sacrifice were higher in the discount format than the fixed price format. Overall, this study finds empirical support for the notion that fixed price formats may be more effective than price discounts.
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    The @journal of product & brand management 9 (2000), S. 214-228 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Current research on brand alliances has focused primarily on alliances between two known, national brands. However, there is significant benefit to both parties in an alliance between a national brand and a private brand. Such alliances are gaining importance in the industry but have not been studied by marketers. The basic question explored in this study is whether using a national brand ingredient can benefit a private brand without hurting the national brand. First, a theoretical framework to explain how consumers may react to such an alliance is presented. Next, an experiment was conducted which showed that a private brand with a name brand ingredient was evaluated more positively. However, the evaluation of the national brand was not diminished by this association. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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  • 75
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 16-22 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Besieged by the distance learning revolution, many senior university and college administrators are asking: how can traditional classroom teaching be modified in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving high-tech marketplace for higher education? The Faculty of Social Science at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel launched a three-year pilot project to use multimedia and distance learning tools to improve classroom teaching. There are initial signs of success for this unique project that knits together powerful new multimedia infrastructure, WWW course sites, and electronic "smart classrooms." This article proposes nine political guidelines for university administrators who seek to advance similar pilots but who also fear that faculty members will oppose such revolutionary projects.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Recent developments in technology have provided educators with an extremely wide variety of electronic tools to assist them in achieving one of their primary objectives - the transmission of knowledge to others. One of the most important uses of these technologies in higher education has been their employment for the delivery of distance education. This article describes the types of technology available for the delivery of distance education (computer-assisted education systems, audio/video-mediated education systems, and computer-mediated education systems), and has documented the effectiveness of these tools. It also discusses the successful experience of the school that pioneered the use of technology to deliver distance in the discipline of social work.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reports on a study conducted in 1998 at the Louisiana State University College of Agriculture on using technology in the classroom environment. Results indicate that students are generally computer literate with 80 per cent either owning or planning to purchase a personal computer in the next year. Eighty-five per cent prefer computer-supported teaching that includes the Internet and multimedia classroom technologies. Sixty-five per cent of students believe that computer-based technology in the classroom is very important regarding future competitiveness in the job market. Finally, significant gaps were found between student proficiency and desire to learn more about many technologies including databases, presentation graphics, video presentations and Web page design.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 85-93 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Entity-relationship (E-R) models continue to be the most common means of documenting the data requirements of information systems. Whether used as the basis for relational database design or to record organisational conceptual data structures, it is essential that the information content (the semantics) of such models is clearly understood by both the builders and the users of such models. In particular, novice data modellers, or users, and their teachers need to understand how well a model represents a particular scenario description. Presents a practical method that has been developed for use by data modelling students. This method, termed NaLER (Natural Language for E-R), provides student data modellers with a more organised way of assessing the information content of models that they or others have produced. It can also be used as a means of comparing those models with the information contained within the original description of the Universe of Discourse (UoD). It is suggested that the method could be of practical benefit not only to students but also to anyone with a need to ascertain the semantic content of a data model.
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    Campus-wide information systems 17 (2000), S. 120-128 
    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: University distance learning is benefiting from the intensive use of Internet resources. The variety of information and services offered, together with different kinds of students, are impeding efficient use of this medium. In order to alleviate these problems and other associated ones, a Web site is being developed to facilitate personalised access to these resources. This site is based on three essential elements: new teaching materials to make the most of the medium, alternative teaching organisation adapted to the requirements of the different protagonists (students, lecturers and tutors) and an interactive system, WebDL, which facilitates personalised and adaptive access to information and communication requirements to each and every user at each and every moment. To date, the resources and material for three computer studies courses are being developed at Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), whose delivery depends on the Artificial Intelligence Department.
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  • 80
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 126-140 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Illustrates some of the challenges that electronic commerce practitioners and researchers face. A theoretical framework for Web users' behaviour is developed. Research themes or questions concerning relationships between cross-national differences, demographics, perceived threats and Web use; assessment of on-line information for different categories of product; influence of people's technology resistance on attitudes toward, and behaviours regarding, online shopping; and how these factors affect people's attempt to externalize costs (e.g. transaction costs) are outlined. The article analyses different decisional contexts for Web shopping, comparing commodity products to products that require engineering support; while the hype is generally on the first, customized and specialty products may be more attractive from a business perspective. Internet commerce of technical products, in the context of corporate purchasing, has been largely ignored. After reviewing the existing literature, the article concludes by presenting future research challenges and practical implications for organizations willing to take advantage of the opportunities the Web offers.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reports on the first-ever nationwide quantitative survey of academic staff use of the Internet. After briefly noting reasons for adopting a mailed-out survey, the article discusses some of the results obtained. These include daily use of e-mail, access to the Internet via remote dial-in services and technical support provided to academics. More than one-third of respondents seem in need of more training in Net use and time limitations and lack of training are typical barriers to effective use. The study concludes with opportunities for further research at both national and international levels and discusses possible implications for university administrators. The full report of the study is published as Academics Online (Auslib Press, Adelaide, 1998). The research team also included Edna Sharpe of the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 160-169 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents inexpensive ways to implement a virtual parallel computer with multiple Web servers. "Servlets" are used instead of CGI programs. Compares the multiple Web server model with a multiple-client model. Experiments are conducted to test the performance of these two parallel systems. The performance of these two models is then compared. The advantages and limitations of these models are also discussed.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 150-159 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: How easy are business Web sites for potential customers to find? This paper reports on a survey of 60,087 Web sites from 42 of the major general and commercial domains around the world to extract statistics about their design and rate of search engine registration. Search engines are used by the majority of Web surfers to find information on the Web. However, 23 per cent of business Web sites in the survey were not registered at all in the five major search engines tested and 82 per cent were not registered in at least one, missing a sizeable potential audience. There are some simple steps that should also be taken to help a Web site to be indexed properly in search engines, primarily the use of HTML META tags for indexing, but only about a third of the site home pages in the survey used them. Wide national variations were found for both indexing and META tag inclusion.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The use of print catalogs for direct marketing has a long history of success. Today, telecommunication networks, such as the Internet, offer the potential to reach a larger market through the use of online catalogs that could be dynamic, flexible, and consumer-responsive. This paper reports the results of an empirical study that compared individuals' attitudes and intentions to shop using print and Internet catalogs. The findings suggest that individuals perceived differences between the two catalog media on the shopping factors of reliability, tangibility, and consumer risk. Further, product value, pre-order information, post-selection information, shopping experience, and consumer risk emerged as the factors that influenced attitudes and intentions to shop using print and Internet catalogs.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Market-based and press-freedom variables were tested as predictors of "interactive" online journalism at the Web companions of 17 English-language Asian newspapers. A multidimensional conception of interactivity was used in the analysis. The findings suggest that market-based variables predict only certain facets of an online newspaper's interactivity. Press-freedom variables were not fruitful predictors.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 203-214 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Shopping bots are an important new innovation which support consumers with the product search and identification stage in e-shopping. This paper reviews the search facilities offered by shopping bots. A number of shopping bots that include books in their product range, have been visited with a view to analysing their search facilities. Using trial searches for three different best-selling books, title, author, and keyword search facilities available in a number of bots were further investigated. Finally the output from the search in terms of the number of items, and suppliers identified, and the price, was analysed. The effectiveness of bots does not only depend upon search facilities but also depends upon product coverage, and other added value features such as publisher and consumer reviews. Consumer search behaviour, in general, and the way in which consumers will use shopping bots are fruitful areas for further research.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 284-294 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The development of Internet applications for business use is expected to change the way organisations operate, and improve their customer services. However, the potential of the Internet to improve customer satisfaction has not been studied, either in countries with well-developed electronic markets or in countries in the early stages of e-commerce. This article reports on the results of a survey of 120 companies in Greece. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of customer-oriented Internet applications and to investigate how the Internet and e-commerce can offer new opportunities for businesses to improve their customers' satisfaction.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 295-308 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The number and range of organisations developing a Web site is growing rapidly. Many of these Web sites are developed in-houseeven though the skills and resources required for developing a successful site may not be available. It is argued that some of the limitations in terms of resources and skills inherent in the small-scale in-house development environment can be overcome through the adoption of an informal Web site development model and suitable usability methods. Presents an informal development model synthesised from a review of development case studies and published Web research literature. This model identifies the main stages and tasks of development. A review of information gathering and usability methods currently being employed is integrated into the model. The importance of understanding user and information provider needs is discussed. A number of common usability methods are then examined in greater detail. The appropriateness of the model and methods for the small-scale in-house development environment is considered.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 308-316 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: At the Multimedia University, Malaysia, a first-year undergraduate course in electronic commerce was given the task of evaluating commercial Web sites. The existence of the host was verified when it was added to the sample, and again six months later. The sample was then analysed for correlation between domain names and regional allocation of IP addresses. Three characteristics of the sample stand out. First, in many cases the top-level domain name does not correspond to the location of the host; there is a noticeable bias toward hosting sites with regional domain names in North America. Second, dot COM and certain regional domains seem to dominate the Internet commercial landscape. Finally, there is a measurable rate of attrition over time, which may or may not be truly significant.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 317-328 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the use of query reformulation, and particularly the use of relevance feedback by users of the Excite Web search engine. A total of 985 user search sessions from a data set of 18,113 user search sessions containing 51,473 queries were examined. Includes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 191 user sessions including more than one query, to examine patterns of user query reformulation; and second, all 804 user sessions including relevance feedback were examined. Results show limited use of query reformulation and relevance feedback by Excite users - only one in five users reformulated queries. Most relevance feedback sessions were successful. Identifies the most common pattern of searching and discusses implications for Web search system design.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 18-23 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The authors describe and explain the progression of economic value, showing that customizing a good turns it into a service, customizing a service turns it into an experience, and customizing an experience turns it into a transformation. Businesses that wish to prosper in the emerging experience economy should begin by mass customizing their goods and services. To determine which products to customize, many companies gather customer satisfaction or "voice of the customer" surveys that use market research techniques to get data. However, these techniques do not go far enough to determine what and where a company should mass customize, because customer satisfaction measures market, not individual customer, satisfaction. The authors conclude by presenting their 3-S Model that shows the importance of driving up customer satisfaction and driving down customer sacrifice as a foundation for effectively instigating customer surprise.
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    Internet research 10 (2000), S. 424-438 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: There has been an explosion in the number of retail Web sites since 1995, e-retail offering shares a few common elements specifically a product search facility (often augmented by a product evaluation facility), an on-line purchase function and a product delivery capability. There is a body of theory and empirical research in the study of customer loyalty drivers in the services sector, which demonstrates that customers evaluate services on the basis of tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, reliability and control. These service qualities depend on the customer's perception of the overall service experience. The most influential element in the service experience is the relationship between the service provider and the customer. The Internet is a poor service delivery medium, it lacks the capacity for direct personal interaction enjoyed by non-Internet based services. Sets out a number of marketing and Website design implications for e-retailers and suggests means by which e-retailers can manage customer perceptions to increase sales and develop greater customer loyalty.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 4-12 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Strategies often go awry because organizational leaders are not fully aware of the values held by its members. No matter how brilliant the analysis that underlies a strategy, it is the people -- from the board room to the factory floor -- who must understand and implement the strategy. That only happens when the strategy fits their values. Values matter. Ethical decisions and actions are based on values. The authors present a psychological theory that describes three levels of values: surface values, hidden values, and deep values, and explain how these values affect an organization's leaders and followers as they pursue their mission.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 12-17 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article describes the application of pattern thinking to strategy. Patterns provide a powerful discipline to see order beneath the surface chaos. Pattern thinking can help entrepreneurs, managers, investors, and key talent to anticipate the likely direction of changes even before they happen. It reveals the economic meaning of these changes and provides the tools to capitalize on them. The authors report on groundbreaking research into over 200 companies in 40 industries, and they cite several examples of companies which have profited from analyzing their opportunities according to the profit pattern matrix.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Why do some management ideas take root and remain viable and others wither and die? This article offers four fundamental reasons: all organizations are basically living, social organisms; culture is more powerful than anything else in the organization; system-focused interventions work, component-centered interventions usually do not; interventions clearly tied to business strategy work, interventions not clearly tied to business strategy do not. The author describes research that points to four core cultures: control, based on a military system, with power as the primary motive; collaboration, emerging from the family and/or athletic team system, in which the underlying motive is affiliation; competence, derived from the university system, with the fundamental motive of achievement; and cultivation, growing from religious system(s) and motivated by growth or self-actualization.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 4-9 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The concept of constellations of communities is a big picture view of how communities of practice in organizations relate to one another. These communities are voluntary, and over time they form a complex, informal network of relationships, knowledge sharing, learning, and conversations that can be woven together into a powerful strategic fabric with the right kind of leadership. Like a garden, these communities must be tended and nurtured rather than commanded and controlled. The article contains examples of constellations of communities in business, non-profit, volunteer-oriented associations, and society at large and outlines the potential benefits of a constellation to its stakeholders.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article presents a new way of thinking about assessing the value of online communities. The author examines both the different kinds of communities and the specific ways in which these communities might be evaluated. Three concepts are important to measuring the value of these communities: the incremental value a community generates, how to determine community membership, and the importance of converting visiting members to using members.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 10-16 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The general concept of stakeholder management seems to be widely accepted, but its central tenet of "balancing" interests was prominently abandoned during the 1990s, as corporations favored financial interests rather than the balanced treatment proposed by stakeholder theory. The prevailing logic of business provides little incentive to do otherwise. Managers and scholars generally think about stakeholders in terms of morality, ethics, and social responsibility rather than economic value and competitive advantage. This article presents an economic theory of the firm and supporting evidence that reconcile the conflict between profitability and responsibility. Rather than passive recipients of responsible treatment, modern stakeholders work with managers to improve their own benefits while also enhancing corporate profitability. Thus, the wealth-creating role of business arises directly out of integrating stakeholders into a productive whole - a "corporate community."
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: No firm can rest on its competitive laurels. Winning companies must know how to change, not just their products and services, but their business models. Changing business models used to be a once-a-career challenge. Now it's the way firms compete. Most organizations have not been terribly successful at changing themselves, even at the old pace. It requires learning, becoming a "learning organization," and building a culture of learning. But many executives aren't buying. Many firms still relegate learning activities to the training department and look there first for cost cuts when business hiccups. Perhaps all this makes it clear why learning seems to have hit a glass ceiling. To get the benefits of learning - the management culture that makes an organization agile amidst shape-changing markets - executives must be willing to face the cost: threatening, gut-wrenching, personally invasive change, not just for the rest of the firm, but for the leaders themselves.
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    Strategy & leadership 28 (2000), S. 4-11 
    ISSN: 1087-8572
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Business reputations have become more exposed as companies and the media have globalized. At the same time, the importance of reputation is growing. It takes a long time to build a reputation, but it can be destroyed in a single event, as shown in the case examples of Royal Dutch Shell, Unocal, Texaco, Nike, and others. Reputation must now be viewed as one of the key results of the business, not just an incidental by-product. This article describes the ways in which business leaders can be alert to a potential crisis and form an acceptable response in order to maintain a company's reputation.
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