ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Springer  (65,978)
  • Copernicus
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 1995-1999  (66,288)
  • 1998  (66,288)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (66,288)
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target Levels—Tools for Prevention (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 679-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Air quality ; benchmarking ; best available control technology ; contaminant exposure ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Although occupational exposure limits are sought to establish health-based standards, they do not always give a sufficient basis for planning an indoor air climate that is good and comfortable for the occupants in industrial work rooms. This paper considers methodologies by which the desired level, i.e., target level, of air quality in industrial settings can be defined, taking into account feasibility issues. Risk assessment based on health criteria is compared with risk-assessment based on “Best Available Technology” (BAT). Because health-based risk estimates at low concentration regions are rather inaccurate, the technology-based approach is emphasized. The technological approach is based on information on the prevailing concentrations in industrial work environments and the benchmark air quality attained with the best achievable technology. The prevailing contaminant concentrations are obtained from a contaminant exposure databank, and the benchmark air quality by field measurements in industrial work rooms equipped with advanced ventilation and production technology. As an example, the target level assessment has been applied to formaldehyde, total inorganic dust and hexavalent chromium, which are common contaminants in work room air.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005915.60392.4b
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Empirical Scaling of Single Oral Lethal Doses Across Mammalian Species Based on a Large Database (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 741-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Lethal doses ; cross-species extrapolation ; dose scaling ; RTECS® ; noncancer risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The scaling of administered doses to achieve equal degrees of toxic effect in different species has been relatively poorly examined for noncancer toxicity, either empirically or theoretically. We investigate empirical patterns in the correspondence of single oral dose LD50 values across several mammalian species for a large number of chemicals based on data reported in the RTECS® database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We find a good correspondence of LD50 values across species when the dose levels are expressed in terms of mg administered per kg of body mass. Our findings contrast with earlier analyses that support scaling doses by the 3/4-power of body mass to achieve equal subacute toxicity of antineoplastic agents. We suggest that, especially for severe toxicity, single- and repeated-dosing regimes may have different cross-species scaling properties, as they may depend on standing levels of defenses and rate of regeneration of defenses, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005920.25846.66
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urban Risks of Truck Transport of Radioactive Material (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 781-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: RADTRAN ; transportation risk ; routing ; spent nuclear fuel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Truck transport of radioactive material (RAM), e.g., spent nuclear fuel (SNF), normally maximizes use of Interstate highways, which are safer and more efficient for truck transport in general. In the estimation of transportation risks, population bordering a route is a direct factor in determining consequences and an indirect factor in determining exposure times, accident probabilities and severities, and other parameters. Proposals to transport RAM may draw intense resistance from “stakeholders” based on concern for population concentrations along urban segments but the length of a route segment is also a determinative factor in estimating the transport risks. To quantify the relative importance of these two factors, a potential route for transport of SNF (strict use of Interstate highways) was selected and compared with a modified version that bypassed urban areas. The results suggest that emphasis on Interstate highways minimizes total route and urban segment risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005923.25571.50
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rating Threat Mitigators: Faith in Experts, Governments, and Individuals Themselves to Create a Safer World (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 547-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Threat mitigation ; risk reduction ; attitudes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This research explores public judgments about the threat-reducing potential of experts, individual behavior, and government spending. The data are responses of a national sample of 1225 to mail surveys that include measures of several dimensions of public judgments about violent crime, automobile accidents, hazardous chemical waste, air pollution, water pollution, global warming, AIDS, heart disease, and cancer. Beliefs about who can best mitigate threats are specific to classes of threats. In general, there is little faith that experts can do much about violent crime and automobile accidents, moderate faith in their ability to address problems of global warming, and greater expectations for expert solutions to the remaining threats. People judge individual behavior as effective in reducing the threats of violent crime, AIDS, heart disease, and automobile accidents but less so for the remaining threats. Faith in more government spending is highest for AIDS and the other two health items, lowest for the trio of violent crime, automobile accidents, and global warming, and moderate for the remaining threats. For most threats, people are not distributed at the extremes in judging mitigators. Strong attitudinal and demographic cleavages are also lacking, although some interesting relationships occur. This relative lack of sharp cleavages and the generally moderate opinion indicate ample opportunity for public education and risk communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005929.21712.78
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Efficacy of Different Methods for Informing the Public About the Range Dependency of Magnetic Fields from High Voltage Power Lines (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 603-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Power frequency magnetic fields ; 60 Hz fields ; EMF ; public perception ; risk communication ; inverse square law
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The AC electric and magnetic fields associated with high voltage power lines have become a concern as a possible health risk. In most cases the strength of these fields decreases as the inverse square of the distance from the line. In earlier work, we found that laypeople do not understand how rapidly field strength decreases with distance. Most believe that any high voltage power line they can see is exposing them to strong fields. This paper confirms the earlier finding and explores a number of strategies which might be used in risk communications to correct this misperception. We found it relatively easy to provide subjects with a better understanding of the range-dependency of magnetic field strength. Moreover, the quality of this acquisition was apparently independent of the manner in which they were instructed. Such successful instruction is markedly different from the well-established difficulty of teaching people about many qualitative domains, such as physics or ideas in probability. Clearly, while some erroneous beliefs are highly resistant to change, others can be altered quite readily. We suspect that an important distinction between knowledge about the range-dependency of power-frequency magnetic fields and less tractable topics involves the presence or absence of prior folk-theories or “mental models” of the domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005934.44033.5e
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to the Letter to the Editor: “The Dose-Response Model for Dioxin” (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 673-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000006254.53032.bc
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “An Approach for Modeling Noncancer Dose Responses with an Emphasis on Uncertainty” and “A Probabilistic Framework for the Reference Dose (Probabilistic RfD)” (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 663-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000006251.60930.03
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information and Risk Perception: A Dynamic Adjustment Process (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 689-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Information asymmetry ; risk perception ; food contamination (JEL D81, D82)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It is common in catastrophic food-contamination events that consumers fail to adjust instantaneously to a normal consumption level. One explanation is that consumers only gradually accept new positive information as being trustworthy. The gradual establishment of the trustworthiness of the released information depends on both positive and negative media coverage over time. We examine the individual “trust” effects by extending the prospective reference theory (Viscusi, 1989) to include a dynamic adjustment process of risk perception. Conditions that allow aggregation of changes in risk perceptions across individuals are described. The proposed model describes a general updating process of risk perceptions to media coverage and can be applied to explain the temporal impact of media coverage on consumption of a broad range of goods (food or nonfood). A case study of milk contamination is conducted to demonstrate consumer demand adjustment process to a temporarily unfavorable shock. The results suggest that effects of positive and negative information to adjustment of consumption and risk perception are asymmetric over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005916.78181.95
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the Cultural Theory of Risk in France (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 729-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perceptions ; cultural theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Cultural Theory, as developed by Mary Douglas, argues that differing risk perceptions can be explained by reference to four distinct cultural biases: hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism. This paper presents empirical results from a quantitative survey based on a questionnaire devised by Karl Dake to measure these cultural biases. A large representative sample (N = 1022) was used to test this instrument in the French social context. Correlations between cultural biases and perceptions of 20 social and environmental risks were examined. These correlations were very weak, but were statistically significant: cultural biases explained 6%, at most, of the variance in risk perceptions. Standard sociodemographic variables were also weakly related to risk perceptions (especially gender, social class, and education), and cultural biases and sociodemographic variables were themselves inter correlated (especially with age, social class, and political outlook). The authors compare these results with surveys conducted in other countries using the same instrument and conclude that new methods, more qualitative and contextual, still need to be developed to investigate the cultural dimensions of risk perceptions. The paper also discusses relationships between perceptions of personal and residual risk, and between perceived risk and demand for additional safety measures. These three dimensions were generally closely related, but interesting differences were observed for some risk issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005919.60392.74
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Probabilistic Approach for Deriving Acceptable Human Intake Limits and Human Health Risks from Toxicological Studies: General Framework (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 787-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: RfD ; uncertainty distributions ; extrapolation factors ; benchmark dose ; critical effect size ; critical effect dose ; human health risks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The use of uncertainty factors in the standard method for deriving acceptable intake or exposure limits for humans, such as the Reference Dose (RfD), may be viewed as a conservative method of taking various uncertainties into account. As an obvious alternative, the use of uncertainty distributions instead of uncertainty factors is gaining attention. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion of a general framework that quantifies both the uncertainties in the no-adverse-effect level in the animal (using a benchmark-like approach) and the uncertainties in the various extrapolation steps involved (using uncertainty distributions). This approach results in an uncertainty distribution for the no-adverse-effect level in the sensitive human subpopulation, reflecting the overall scientific uncertainty associated with that level. A lower percentile of this distribution may be regarded as an acceptable exposure limit (e.g., RfD) that takes account of the various uncertainties in a nonconservative fashion. The same methodology may also be used as a tool to derive a distribution for possible human health effects at a given exposure level. We argue that in a probabilistic approach the uncertainty in the estimated no-adverse-effect-level in the animal should be explicitly taken into account. Not only is this source of uncertainty too large to be ignored, it also has repercussions for the quantification of the other uncertainty distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005924.18154.60
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender Differences in Risk Perception: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 805-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Gender ; gender theory ; risk perception ; risk research ; methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A substantial body of risk research indicates that women and men differ in their perceptions of risk. This paper discusses how they differ and why. A review of a number of existing empirical studies of risk perception points at several problems, regarding what gender differences are found in such studies, and how these differences are accounted for. Firstly, quantitative approaches, which have so far dominated risk research, and qualitative approaches give different, sometimes even contradictory images of women's and men's perceptions of risk. Secondly, the gender differences that appear are often left unexplained, and even when explanations are suggested, these are seldom related to gender research and gender theory in any systematic way. This paper argues that a coherent, theoretically informed gender perspective on risk is needed to improve the understanding of women's and men's risk perceptions. An analysis of social theories of gender points out some relations and distinctions which should be considered in such a perspective. It is argued that gender structures, reflected in gendered ideology and gendered practice, give rise to systematic gender differences in the perception of risk. These gender differences may be of different kinds, and their investigation requires the use of qualitative as well as quantitative methods. In conclusion, the arguments about gender and risk perception are brought together in a theoretical model which might serve as a starting point for further research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005926.03250.c0
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete Gabor transforms: The Gabor-Gram matrix approach (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 65T99 ; 42c15 ; 65T20 ; discrete Gabor transform (DGT) ; Gabor-Gram matrix ; unitarily equivalent Gabor-Gram matrix (UEGM) ; Gabor window ; dual Gabor window
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The fundamental problem ofdiscrete Gabor transforms is to compute a set ofGabor coefficients in efficient ways. Recent study on the subject is an indirect approach: in order to compute the Gabor coefficients, one needs to find an auxiliary bi-orthogonal window function γ. We are seeking a direct approach in this paper. We introduce concepts ofGabor-Gram matrices and investigate their structural properties. We propose iterative methods to compute theGabor coefficients. Simple solutions for critical sampling, certain oversampling, and undersampling cases are developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475925
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The complete (Lp, Lp) mapping properties for a class of oscillatory integrals (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42A50 ; 42B20 ; 47G10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475929
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic behavior of multiperiodic functions $$G(x) = \prod\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {g(x/2^n )} $$ (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 129-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 41A63 ; 41A65 ; 28A80 ; Fourier transformation ; Gibbs measure ; infinite product ; self-similar ; wavelet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let 0≤g be a dyadic Hölder continuous function with period 1 and g(0)=1, and let $$G(x) = \prod\nolimits_{n = 0}^\infty {g(x/{\text{2}}^n )} $$ . In this article we investigate the asymptotic behavior of $$\smallint _0^{\rm T} \left| {G(x)} \right|^q dx$$ and $$\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{k = 0}^n {\log g(2^k x)} $$ using the dynamical system techniques: the pressure function and the variational principle. An algorithm to calculate the pressure is presented. The results are applied to study the regulatiry of wavelets and Bernoulli convolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475985
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calderón's formula associated with a differential operator on (0, ∞) and inversion of the generalized abel transform (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 229-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42A38-42B20 ; Generalized continuous wavelet transform ; Calderón's formula ; Generalized Abel transform
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove a Calderón reproducing formula for a continuous wavelet transform associated with a class of singular differential operators on the half line. We apply this result to derive a new inversion formula for the generalized Abel transform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475991
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single wavelets in n-dimensions (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Under very minimal regularity assumptions, it can be shown that 2n−1 functions are needed to generate an orthonormal wavelet basis for L2(ℝn). In a recent paper by Dai et al. it is shown, by abstract means, that there exist subsets K of ℝn such that the single function ψ, defined by $$\hat \psi = \chi K$$ , is an orthonormal wavelet for L2(ℝn). Here we provide methods for construucting explicit examples of these sets. Moreover, we demonstrate that these wavelets do not behave like their one-dimensional couterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476029
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth local sinusoidal bases on two-dimensional L-shaped regions (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 53-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42A10 ; 42A16 ; Local sinusoidal bases ; Malvar wavelets ; lapped orthogonal transform ; object-based video coding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this article, we construct two-dimensional continuous/smooth local sinusoidal bases (also called Malvar wavelets) defined onL-shaped regions. With this construction, one is able to construct local sinusoidal bases and lapped orthogonal transforms (LOT) on arbitrarily shaped regions. This work is motivated from and useful in object-based video coding, where a segmented moving object may have arbitrary shape and block transform coding of this object is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475927
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some sharp restriction theorems for homogeneous manifolds (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 105-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475930
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmonic analysis on SL(2,ℂ) and projectively adapted pattern representation) and projectively adapted pattern representation (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 67-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 43A30 ; 43A65 ; 43A85 ; 68T10 ; 68U10 ; Fourier analysis ; irreducible representations of the groupSL(2, ℂ) ; harmonic analysis onSL(2, ℂ) ; projectively invariant classification of patterns ; projectively adapted pattern representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Among all image transforms, the classical (Euclidean) Fourier transform has had the widest range of applications in image processing. Here its projective analogue, given by the double cover groupSL(2, ℂ) of the projective groupPSL(2, ℂ) for patterns, is developed. First, a projectively invariant classification of patterns is constructed in terms of orbits of the groupPSL(2, ℂ) acting on the image plane (with complex coordinates) by linear-fractional transformations. Then,SL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, in the noncompact picture of induced representations, is used to decompose patterns into the components invariant under irreducible representations of the principal series ofSL(2, ℂ). Usefulness in digital image processing problems is studied by providing a camera model in which the action ofSL(2, ℂ) on the complex image plane corresponds to, and exhausts, planar central projections as produced when aerial images of the same scene are taken from different vantage points. The projectively adapted properties of theSL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, as applied to the problems, in image processing, are confirmed by computational tests. Therefore, it should be an important step in developing a system for automated perspective-independent object recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475928
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singularity spectrum of multifractal functions involving oscillating singularities (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 159-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 26A15 ; 33A65 ; Fractals ; Hausdorff Dimension ; Hölder regularity ; wavelets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give general mathematical results concerning oscillating singularities and we study examples of functions composed only of oscillating singularities. These functions are defined by explicit coefficients on an orthonormal wavelet basis. We compute their Hölder regularity and oscillation at every point and we deduce their spectrum of oscillating singularities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475987
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Calderón reproducing formula, windowed X-ray transforms, and radon transforms in LP-spaces (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 175-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: Primary 44A05 ; secondary 42B99 ; Wavelets ; Radon transforms ; L p -spaces ; windowed X-ray transforms ; k-plane transforms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The generalized Calderón reproducing formula involving “wavelet measure” is established for functions f ∈ Lp(ℝn). The special choice of the wavelet measure in the reproducing formula gives rise to the continuous decomposition of f into wavelets, and enables one to obtain inversion formulae for generalized windowed X-ray transforms, the Radon transform, and k-plane transforms. The admissibility conditions for the wavelet measure μ are presented in terms of μ itself and in terms of the Fourier transform of μ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475988
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schrödinger equation and oscillatory Hilbert transforms of second degree (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 341-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42A16 ; 35J10 ; 11L07 ; 11T24 ; 33B20 ; Cauchy initial value problem ; Schrödinger equation ; Hilbert transform ; Gauss' sum ; continued fraction ; Fresnel integral ; curlicue ; selfsimilarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let $$h(t,x): = p.v. \sum\limits_{n \in Z\backslash \left| 0 \right|} {\frac{{e^{\pi i(tn^2 + 2xn)} }}{{2\pi in}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{N \to \infty } \sum\limits_{0〈 \left| n \right| \leqslant N} {\frac{{e^{\pi i(tn^2 + 2xn)} }}{{2\pi in}}} $$ ( $$(i = \sqrt { - 1;} t,x$$ -real variables). It is proved that in the rectangle $$D: = \left\{ {(t,x):0〈 t〈 1,\left| x \right| \leqslant \frac{1}{2}} \right\}$$ , the function h satisfies the followingfunctional inequality: $$\left| {h(t,x)} \right| \leqslant \sqrt t \left| {h\left( {\frac{1}{t},\frac{x}{t}} \right)} \right| + c,$$ where c is an absolute positive constant. Iterations of this relation provide another, more elementary, proof of the known global boundedness result $$\left\| {h; L^\infty (E^2 )} \right\| : = ess sup \left| {h(t,x)} \right|〈 \infty .$$ The above functional inequality is derived from a general duality relation, of theta-function type, for solutions of the Cauchy initial value problem for Schrödinger equation of a free particle. Variation and complexity of solutions of Schrödinger equation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476032
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algebraic structures of Makarevič spaces. I (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 3-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We generalize features of bounded symmetric domains to a bigger class of symmetric spaces calledMakarevič spaces: we associate a generalizedBergman operator to such a space and describe the invariant pseudo-metric and the invariant measure on the space by means of this family of operators. The space itself can be characterized essentially as the domain where the generalized Bergman operator is nondegenerate. These results are applied to the theory ofcompactly causal symmetric spaces: we describe explicitly the complex domain Ξ associated to such a space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237837
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holomorphic self-maps of parallelizable manifolds (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate holomorphic self-maps of complex manifolds of the formG/Γ whereG is a complex Lie group and Γ a lattice. We show that they are induced by automorphisms ofG and that a surjective holomorphic self-map can be nonbijective only in the directions of the nilradical ofG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237842
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cones, crystals, and patterns (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 145-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract There are two well known combinatorial tools in the representation theory ofSL n, the semi-standard Young tableaux and the Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. Using the path model and the theory of crystals, we generalize the concept of patterns to arbitrary complex semi-simple algebraic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236431
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partially integrable highest weight modules (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove a more general version of a result announced without proof in [DP], claiming roughly that in a partially integrable highest weight module over a Kac-Moody algebra the integrable directions from a parabolic subalgebra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236874
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametrization of the orbits of cubic surfaces (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 209-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the paper is the study of the orbits of the action of PGL4 on the space ℙ3 of the cubic surfaces of ℙ3, i.e., the classification of cubic surfaces up to projective motions. A varietyQ⊂ℙ19 is explicitely constructed as the union of 22 disjoint irreducible components which are either points or open subsets of linear spaces. More precisely, each orbit of the above action intersects one componentX ofQ in a finite number of points and the action of PGL4 restricted on each componentX is equivalent to the action of a finite groupG X onX which can be explicitely computed. Finally the cubic surfaces of each component ofQ are studied in details by determining their stabilizers, their rational representations and whether they can be expressed as the determinant of a 3×3 matrix of linear forms. The results are obtained with computational techniques and with the aid of some computer algebra systems like CoCoA, Macaulay and Maple.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236873
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivariant D-modules attached to nilpotent orbits in a semisimple Lie algebra (1998)
    Springer
    Transformation groups 3 (1998), S. 337-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-586X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let $$\mathfrak{g}$$ u be a compact Lie algebra and let $$\mathfrak{g}$$ u be its complexification. Let ζ−1/2 be the inverse on the set of regular elements of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ u of a square root of the discriminant of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ . Generalizing a result of W. Lichtenstein in the case $$\mathfrak{g}$$ u = $$\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{u}$$ (n, ℂ) or $$\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{o}$$ (nℝ), we prove that ∂(q).ζ1/2 is non zero for all harmonic polynomialsq ∈S( $$\mathfrak{g}$$ ) \ {0}. This fact is deduced from results about equivariantD-modules supported on the nilpotent cone of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234532
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbolic large-signal simulation of switched circuits (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 321-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract To improve the simulation efficiency of switched circuits, it is advantageous to model their switching devices as short and open circuits. The disadvantage is that such models may cause inconsistent initial conditions (IIC), and Dirac impulses may appear. Conventional simulators do not handle such situations correctly. This paper introduces a new algorithm for analyzing circuits with IIC by a mixed numerical-symbolic method. The method detects the order of the Dirac impulse and also finds the correct initial conditions after switching. It is applicable to nonlinear circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202296
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the stability of bilinear filters (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 691-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We consider stability properties of discrete-time bilinear filters. Simple sufficient conditions are given for bounded-input bounded-output stability (with not necessarily zero initial conditions),l p stability, and three other important types of stability. In particular, conditions are given under which asymptotically periodic inputs produce asymptotically periodic outputs with the same period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206569
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root modulus constraints in autoregressive model estimation (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 709-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of autoregressive (AR) models is an important issue in many applications such as spectral estimation, simulation of EEG, and synthesis of speech. There are methods for AR parameter estimation that guarantee the stability of the model, that is, all roots of the characteristic polynomial of the model have moduli less than unity. However, in some situations, such as EEG simulation, the models that exhibit roots with almost unit moduli are difficult to use. In this paper we propose a method for estimating AR models that guarantees hyperstability, that is, the moduli of the roots are less than or equal to some arbitrary positive number. The method is based on an iterative minimization scheme in which the associated nonlinear constraints are linearized sequentially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206571
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The superposition scandal (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 733-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We direct attention to a widespread oversight concerning linear systems and superposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206573
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to Paul Hewett's “Comments Relating to Tornero-Velez et al.: Compliance Versus Risk in Assessing Occupational Exposures” (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 669-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000006253.17662.66
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Prenatal Mercury Exposure Upon Scholastic and Psychological Test Performance: Benchmark Analysis of a New Zealand Cohort (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 701-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Benchmark ; mercury ; risk assessment ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents benchmark (BMD) calculations and additional regression analyses of data from a study in which scores from 26 scholastic and psychological tests administered to 237 6- and 7-year-old New Zealand children were correlated with the mercury concentration in their mothers' hair during pregnancy. The original analyses of five test scores found an association between high prenatal mercury exposure and decreased test performance, using category variables for mercury exposure. Our regression analyses, which utilized the actual hair mercury level, did not find significant associations between mercury and children's test scores. However, this finding was highly influenced by a single child whose mother's mercury hair level (86 mg/kg) was more than four times that of any other mother. When that child was omitted, results were more indicative of a mercury effect and scores on six tests were significantly associated with the mothers' hair mercury level. BMDs calculated from five tests ranged from 32 to 73 mg/kg hair mercury, and corresponding BMDLs (95% lower limits on BMDs) ranged from 17 to 24 mg/kg. When the child with the highest mercury level was omitted, BMDs ranged from 13 to 21 mg/kg, and corresponding BMDLs ranged from 7.4 to 10 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005917.52151.e6
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological and Economic Risk Analysis of Everglades: Phase I Restoration Alternatives (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 755-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Everglades ; cost-benefit ; economic ; ecological ; entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Evaluating alternatives for restoring the Everglades involves analysis of a complex ecological and economic system for which current knowledge is limited. Uncertain benefits and impacts are analyzed probabilistically in this paper, following otherwise accepted principles of net present value (NPV) analysis. Ecological benefits and impacts were considered in monetary terms. Probabilities for selected uncertain parameters were found by maximizing entropy. The first ecological risk conceptual model for the Everglades ecosystem was developed to show ecological interactions. “Current Plans” for restoration involve discharge of phosphorus-enriched water from artificial wetlands to relatively pristine Everglades marshes for 3–10 years, risking conversion of the ecosystem to a eutrophic cattail marsh. For two of the three areas studied, alternative “Bypass Plans” were shown to avoid the loss of up to 3000 acres of sawgrass marsh at a cost that is probabilistically justified by the value of the ecosystem preserved. Sensitivity of the results to projected ecological changes, eutrophic marsh valuation, natural marsh valuation, and future values as represented in the discount rate, was examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005921.20695.e6
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presenting Results from Model Based Studies to Decision-Makers: Can Sensitivity Analysis be a Defogging Agent? (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 799-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Sensitivity analysis ; decision making ; uncertainty in model predictions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The motivation of the present work is to provide an auxiliary tool for the decision-maker (DM) faced with predictive model uncertainty. The tool is especially suited for the allocation of R&D resources. When taking decisions under uncertainties, making use of the output from mathematical or computational models, the DM might be helped if the uncertainty in model predictions be decomposed in a quantitative—rather than qualitative—fashion, apportioning uncertainty according to source. This would allow optimal use of resources to reduce the imprecision in the prediction. For complex models, such a decomposition of the uncertainty into constituent elements could be impractical as such, due to the large number of parameters involved. If instead parameters could be grouped into logical subsets, then the analysis could be more useful, also because the decision maker might likely have different perceptions (and degrees of acceptance) for different kinds of uncertainty. For instance, the decomposition in groups could involve one subset of factors for each constituent module of the model; or one set for the weights, and one for the factors in a multi-criteria analysis; or phenomenological parameters of the model vs. factors driving the model configuration/structure aggregation level, etc.); finally, one might imagine that a partition of the uncertainty could be sought between stochastic (or aleatory) and subjective (or epistemic) uncertainty. The present note shows how to compute rigorous decomposition of the output's variance with grouped parameters, and how this approach may be beneficial for the efficiency and transparency of the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005925.21656.76
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deliberation: Integrating Analytical Results into Environmental Decisions Involving Multiple Stakeholders (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 621-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Remediation ; stakeholders ; deliberation ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The National Research Council has recommended the use of an analytic/deliberative decision-making process in environmental restoration decisions that involve multiple stakeholders. This work investigates the use of the results of risk assessment and multiattribute utility analysis (the “analysis”) in guiding the deliberation. These results include the ranking of proposed remedial action alternatives according to each stakeholder's preferences, as well as the identification of the major reasons for these rankings. The stakeholder preferences are over a number of performance measures that include the traditional risk assessment metrics, e.g., individual worker risk, as well as programmatic, cultural, and cost-related impacts. Based on these results, a number of proposals are prepared for consideration by the stakeholders during the deliberation. These proposals are the starting point for the formulation of actual recommendations by the group. In our case study, these recommendations included new remedial action alternatives that were created by the stakeholders after an extensive discussion of the detailed analytical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005936.45310.22
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating Risk Communication: Examining Target Audience Perceptions About Four Presentation Formats for Fish Consumption Health Advisory Information (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 649-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Fish consumption health advisories ; Great Lakes ; reading level ; risk communication ; risk ladders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Information format can influence the extent to which target audiences understand and respond to risk-related information. This study examined four elements of risk information presentation format. Using printed materials, we examined target audience perceptions about: (a) reading level; (b) use of diagrams vs. text; (c) commanding versus cajoling tone; and (d) use of qualitative vs. quantitative information presented in a risk ladder. We used the risk communication topic of human health concerns related to eating noncommercial Great Lakes fish affected by chemical contaminants. Results from the comparisons of specific communication formats indicated that multiple formats are required to meet the needs of a significant percent of anglers for three of the four format types examined. Advisory text should be reviewed to ensure the reading level is geared to abilities of the target audience. For many audiences, a combination of qualitative and quantitative information, and a combination of diagrams and text may be most effective. For most audiences, a cajoling rather than commanding tone better provides them with the information they need to make a decision about fish consumption. Segmenting audiences regarding information needs and communication formats may help clarify which approaches to take with each audience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005938.42563.13
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 675-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005914.51738.16
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk, Media, and Stigma at Rocky Flats (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 715-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Rocky Flats ; social amplification of risk ; technological stigma ; property values ; risk perception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Public responses to nuclear technologies are often strongly negative. Events, such as accidents or evidence of unsafe conditions at nuclear facilities, receive extensive and dramatic coverage by the news media. These news stories affect public perceptions of nuclear risks and the geographic areas near nuclear facilities. One result of these perceptions, avoidance behavior, is a form of “technological stigma” that leads to losses in property values near nuclear facilities. The social amplification of risk is a conceptual framework that attempts to explain how stigma is created through media transmission of information about hazardous places and public perceptions and decisions. This paper examines stigma associated with the U.S. Department of Energy's Rocky Flats facility, a major production plant in the nation's nuclear weapons complex, located near Denver, Colorado. This study, based upon newspaper analyses and a survey of Denver area residents, finds that the social amplification theory provides a reasonable framework for understanding the events and public responses that took place in regard to Rocky Flats during a 6-year period, beginning with an FBI raid of the facility in 1989.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005918.67810.6d
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principles for Conduct of Pest Risk Analyses: Report of an Expert Workshop (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 773-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Pest risk analysis ; phytosanitary ; quarantine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have focused attention on risk assessment of potential insect, weed, and animal pests and diseases of livestock. These risks have traditionally been addressed through quarantine protocols ranging from limits on the geographical areas from which a product may originate, postharvest disinfestation procedures like fumigation, and inspections at points of export and import, to outright bans. To ensure that plant and animal protection measures are not used as nontariff trade barriers, GATT and NAFTA require pest risk analysis (PRA) to support quarantine decisions. The increased emphasis on PRA has spurred multiple efforts at the national and international level to design frameworks for the conduct of these analyses. As approaches to pest risk analysis proliferate, and the importance of the analyses grows, concerns have arisen about the scientific and technical conduct of pest risk analysis. In January of 1997, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) held an invitation-only workshop in Washington, D.C. to bring experts in risk analysis and pest characterization together to develop general principles for pest risk analysis. Workshop participants examined current frameworks for PRA, discussed strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, and formulated principles, based on years of experience with risk analysis in other setting and knowledge of the issues specific to analysis of pests. The principles developed highlight the both the similarities of pest risk analysis to other forms of risk analysis, and its unique attributes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005922.65955.69
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Unit Risk for Coke Oven Emissions (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 813-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Biologically-based risk assessment ; coke oven emissions ; lung cancer ; unit risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In 1984, based on epidemiological data on cohorts of coke oven workers, USEPA estimated a unit risk for lung cancer associated with continuous exposure from birth to 1 μg/m3 of coke oven emissions, of 6.2 × 10−4. This risk assessment was based on information on the cohorts available through 1966. Follow-up of these cohorts has now been extended to 1982 and, moreover, individual job histories, which were not available in 1984, have been constructed. In this study, lung cancer mortality in these cohorts of coke oven workers with extended follow-up was analyzed using standard techniques of survival analysis and a new approach based on the two stage clonal expansion model of carcinogenesis. The latter approach allows the explicit consideration of detailed patterns of exposure of each individual in the cohort. The analyses used the extended follow-up data through 1982 and the detailed job histories now available. Based on these analyses, the best estimate of unit risk is 1.5 × 10−4 with 95% confidence interval = 1.2 × 10−4−1.8 × 10−4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005927.70269.50
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the tangle model for DNA recombination (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The tangle model developed by Ernst and Sumners provides a rigorous framework to study processive DNA recombination. We suggest here a slight modification of that model. The tangle equations become: $$\begin{gathered} N(S) = b(1,1), \hfill \\ N(S + M) = b(2,1), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M) = b(5,2), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M + M) = b(8,5), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M + M + M) = b(11,7), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where M is the mechanism tangle, and S is the substrate tangle, that is the sum of O (outside tangle) and P (parent tangle). The advantage of this revisited model is that it faithfully models the fact that the recombination mechanism is the same during each event of recombination. This leads to new solutions for O and P, some of which are interesting from a biological viewpoint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0024
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metrics for cortical map organization and lateralization (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 27-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral lateralization refers to the poorly understood fact that some functions are better controlled by one side of the brain than the other (e.g. handedness, language). Of particular concern here are the asymmetries apparent in cortical topographic maps that can be demonstrated electrophysiologically in mirror-image locations of the cerebral cortex. In spite of great interest in issues surrounding cerebral lateralization, methods for measuring the degree of organization and asymmetry in cortical maps are currently quite limited. In this paper, several measures are developed and used to assess the degree of organization, lateralization, and mirror symmetry in topographic map formation. These measures correct for large constant displacements as well as curving of maps. The behavior of the measures is tested on several topographic maps obtained by self-organization of an initially random artificial neural network model of a bihemispheric brain, and the results are compared with subjective assessments made by humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0002
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stochastic two-phase growth model (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This article proposes a stochastic growth model that starts as a Yule process and is subsequently joined with a Prendiville process when the population attains certain prescribed critical size. In other words, the model assumes exponential growth in an early stage and logistic growth later on to reflect growth retardation caused by overcrowding. In the case that the population starts with a single unit, closed form expressions are given for the distribution of the population size and for the mean and variance functions of the process. Numerical solutions are briefly discussed for the process that starts with more than one unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0029
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro DNA-based predator-prey system with oscillatory kinetics (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 329-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A coupled system of two isothermal in vitro DNA/RNA amplification reactions using different primers is modeled kinetically with realistic rate parameters and shown to exhibit oscillatory behavior in a flow reactor. One of the two isothermal amplification reactions acts as a predator of the other, the prey. The mechanism of the oscillatory behavior is analyzed in terms of a hierarchy of kinetic models. The work provides an insight into the choice of parameters for experiments. The latter are important in providing detailed insight into the complex processes of ecological interactions and their evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0001
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of the logistic equation in models of food chains (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 231-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In food chain models the lowest trophic level is often assumed to grow logistically. Anomalous behaviour of the solution of the logistic equation and problems with the introduction of mortality have recently been reported. As predation on the lowest trophic level is a kind of mortality, one expects problems with these food chain models. In this paper we compare two formulations for the lowest trophic level: the logistic growth formulation and the mass balance formulation with resources modelled explicitly. We examine the effects of both models on the dynamic behaviour of a tri-trophic microbial food chain in a chemostat. For this purpose bifurcation diagrams, which give the existence and stability of the equilibria of the nonlinear dynamic system, are used. It turns out that the dynamic behaviours differ in a rather large region of the control parameter space spanned by the dilution rate and the concentration of the resources in the reservoir. We urge that mass balance equations should be used in modelling food chains in chemostats as well as in ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0016
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant population cycles in temporally fluctuating habitats (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 247-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments with the flour beetle Tribolium have revealed that animal numbers were larger in cultures grown in a periodically fluctuating volume of medium than in cultures grown in a constant volume of the same average size. In this paper we derive and analyze a discrete stage-structured mathematical model that explains this phenomenon as a kind of resonance effect. Habitat volume is incorporated into the model by the assumption that all rates of cannibalism (larvae on eggs, adults on eggs and pupae) are inversely proportional to the volume of the culture medium. We tested this modeling assumption by conducting and statistically analyzing laboratory experiments. For parameter estimates derived from experimental data, our model indeed predicts, under certain circumstances, a larger (cycle-average) total population abundance when the habitat volume periodically fluctuates than when the habitat volume is held constant at the average volume. The model also correctly predicts certain phase relationships and transient dynamics observed in data. The analyses involve a thorough integration of mathematics, statistical methods, biological details and experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0017
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinguishing the effects of dilution and restricted movement on the intra-nest transmission of honey-bee queen pheromones (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 307-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops a simple model for the movement of a non-volatile pheromone through a honey-bee hive. The model is specifically developed for a pheromone produced by the queen which is thought to regulate colony swarming. Although the model begins as a system of partial integro-differential equations, it is in the end reduced to a system of linear, first-order partial differential equations for the average pheromone level per worker, the pheromone level of the hive substrate, and the pheromone level of the queen. Analysis of this system shows that both colony size and hive area have independent effects on the average pheromone levels of the workers, but that worker congestion can have an even stronger effect on the pheromone distribution. These results establish a relationship between colony size, hive area, worker crowding, and queen-pheromone transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0006
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models for the length distributions of actin filaments: II. Polymerization and fragmentation by gelsolin acting together (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 477-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper, we studied elementary models for polymerization, depolymerization, and fragmentation of actin filaments (Edelstein-Keshet and Ermentrout, 1998, Bull. Math. Biol. 60, 449–475). When these processes act together, more complicated dynamics occur. We concentrate on a particular case study, using the actin-fragmenting protein gelsolin. A set of biological parameter values (drawn from the experimental literature) is used in computer simulations of the kinetics of gelsolin-mediated actin filament fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0012
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo simulation of human pharmacokinetics in the rabbit (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 545-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The evaluation of drugs in vivo is often based on experimental models using small animals such as mice, rats and rabbits. However, these models could be improved to correspond more closely to the human situation if the pharmacokinetics of the drugs tested in animals were similar to that observed in humans. The use of a computer-controlled pump allowing an adequate flow of tobramycin and amikacin to be infused into rabbits enabled us to simulate the human pharmacokinetics of these antibiotics in vivo in this study. The function defining the rate of infusion required to perform the simulation of an intravenous bolus was first determined generally and symbolically for linear pharmacokinetic models independently from the number of compartments involved. The practical simulation of a decreasing monoexponential serum profile with a half-life of 2 h (one-compartment model for the human pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides) was then studied for tobramycin and amikacin on the basis of a two-compartment model in the animal. The kinetics obtained had an apparent elimination half-life of 1.97 and 1.86 h, respectively. Linearity of the semilogarithmic regressions of the profiles obtained was quite sound. Finally, an a posteriori analysis of the pharmacokinetic model and its parameters is proposed on the basis of the results obtained after simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0013
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the spread of phocine distemper virus among harbour seals (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 585-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Data presented in earlier publications on the 1988 epizootic among seals in North West Europe show a pattern that is somewhat inconsistent with the predictions of the standard mathematical model of epidemics. We argue that for animals living in herds or colonies, such as seals, the mutual contact behaviour is such that models for the transmission of infectious diseases should be applied with special care for the distinction between numbers and densities. This is demonstrated by using a mechanistic description of the contacts among seals, which leads to a slightly different formulation of the model. Results of the analysis of this formulation are more in line with the data. The model introduced here can be applied to epidemics among all kinds of animals living in herds and in fact to any species with constant local density, independent of the total population size (i.e., occupying a variable area). Application of the traditional formulation, using different parameters for herds of different sizes, will give equally good results for non-lethal diseases. However, especially for diseases with a low R 0 and high death rates, such as the phocine distemper virus (PDV) disease, the two model formulations give quite different results. Further analysis of the model is performed to determine the most important factors influencing such an epidemic. The survival of infected animals turns out to have a disproportionately great influence on the intensity of the epidemic. Therefore in the case of the PDV epizootic we conclude that marine pollution may not only have contributed to the high death rates, but, if so, it has intensified the epizootic as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0030
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational experiments support a competitive function in the the CA3 region of the hippocampus (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 373-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The comprehension of activities and functions of complex brain structures requires, among other things, information on simultaneous activities in several regions. Results reported in the literature using multi(micro/macro)electrode recordings or imaging techniques provide incomplete information due either to the small size and/or small number of investigated regions or to the poor spatiotemporal resolution, respectively. This is particularly true for the hippocampus and its subfields, and mathematical modeling and computer simulation have been used with the aim of obtaining information when this is lacking. Global activities in the CA3 field of the hippocampus, and in particular the genesis of theta rhythm and sharp waves, have been investigated here by a mathematical model formulated within the frame of a kinetic theory of neural systems. The model has taken into account data of experimental results both on different PSPs recorded in hippocampal neurons and on recurrent pyramidal collateral geometries. The computational ‘experiments’ to which the model was subjected suggest that the sharp waves arise through a selective and short block of the fast inhibitory neurons of CA3, produced by a medial septum inhibitory input, whereas the theta activity is produced by a durable, continuous inhibition of the slow inhibitory neurons. Information obtained also suggests that the recurrent pyramidal collaterals subserve a competitive, rather than a cooperative, organization. Based on these results a hypothesis on the possible functional organization of the CA3 field and of the entire hippocampus has been formulated. According to this hypothesis, the CA3 imposes a serial order on the flow of activity arriving at the hippocampus from the entorhinal cortex and from its connected polymodal cortical regions. This ordering permits cortical activities, arriving at CA3 on appropriate time intervals, to produce effects in regions of brain to which the CA3 projects. The competing cortical activities are lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0032
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of an ecosystem through optimal taxation (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 569-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study a harvesting problem in the presence of a predator and a tax. The objective is to maximize the monetary social benefit as well as prevent the predator from extinction, keeping the ecological balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0023
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear dynamics of the blood flow studied by Lyapunov exponents (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 417-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In order to gain an insight into the dynamics of the cardiovascular system throughout which the blood circulates, the signals measured from peripheral blood flow in humans were analyzed by calculating the Lyapunov exponents. Over a wide range of algorithm parameters, paired values of both the global and the local Lyapunov exponents were obtained, and at least one exponent equaled zero within the calculation error. This may be an indication of the deterministic nature and finite number of degrees of freedom of the cardiovascular system governing the blood-flow dynamics on a time scale of minutes. A difference was observed in the Lyapunov dimension of controls and athletes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0007
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emergence of rules in cell society: Differentiation, hierarchy, and stability (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 659-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A dynamic model for cell differentiation, where cells with internal chemical reaction dynamics interact with each other and replicate was studied. It led to spontaneous differentiation of cells and determination, as discussed in the isologous diversification. The following features of the differentiation were obtained: (1) hierarchical differentiation from a ’stem’ cell to other cell types, with the emergence of the interaction-dependent rules for differentiation; (2) global stability of an ensemble of cells consisting of several cell types, that were sustained by the emergent, autonomous control on the rate of differentiation; (3) existence of several cell colonies with different cell-type distributions. The results provide a novel viewpoint on the origin of a complex cell society, while relevance to some biological problems, especially to the hemopoietic system, is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1997.0034
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of attachment events relative to actin binding sites as evidenced in a bidirectional actomyosin interaction model (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 973-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Optical trapping is one of the most evolving technologies that measures biophysical quantities and provides insights into some of the fundamental questions in the study of molecular motor proteins such as myosin. Several laboratories have successfully used this technique to observe and score nanometre-size displacements produced by myosin on interacting with actin. We have studied the distribution of attachment events for two myosin molecules with different orientations interacting with an actin filament within the framework of a Langevin-type bidirectional mathematical model. When myosin is detached from actin, our model predicts Brownian displacements centred at 0 ± 8 nm (mean ± SD, n = 251058). When attached, the time-averaged displacements of the actin filament system produced step sizes with peaks of 8 ± 6 nm (mean ± SD, n = 22174) (forward displacements) and −8 ± 6 nm (mean ± SD, n = 26769) (reverse displacements). We infer from our results that the population distribution of attachment events is strongly dependent on (i) the magnitude of the Brownian displacements, (ii) the location of the actin binding sites relative to the myosin molecules, (iii) the orientation of the myosin molcules, and (iv) the relative kinetics (rate constants) for the forward and reverse displacement events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1998.0055
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling reflex asymmetries with implicit delay differential equations (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 999-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Neuromuscular reflexes with time-delayed negative feedback, such as the pupil light reflex, have different rates depending on the direction of movement. This asymmetry is modeled by an implicit first-order delay differential equation in which the value of the rate constant depends on the direction of movement. Stability analyses are presented for the cases when the rate is: (1) an increasing and (2) a decreasing function of the direction of movement. It is shown that the stability of equilibria in these dynamical systems depends on whether the rate constant is a decreasing or increasing function. In particular, when the asymmetry has the shape of an increasing step function, it is possible to have stability which is independent of the value of the time delay or the steepness (i.e., gain) of the negative feedback.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/S0092-8240(98)90000-3
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 60 (1998), S. 1201-1205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/S0092-8240(98)90008-8
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In memoriam (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202294
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation conditions and approximation of discrete-time and discrete-space systems (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 305-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We first consider causal time-invariant nonlinear input-output maps that take a set of bounded functions into a set of real-valued functions, and we give criteria under which these maps can be uniformly approximated arbitrarily well using a certain structure consisting of a not necessarily linear dynamic part followed by a nonlinear memoryless section that may contain sigmoids or radial basis functions, etc. In our results certain separation conditions of the kind associated with the Stone-Weierstrass theorem play a prominent role. Here they emerge as criteria for approximation, and not just as sufficient conditions under which an approximation exists. As an application of the results, we show that system maps of the type addressed can be uniformly approximated arbitrarily well by doubly finite Volterra-series approximantsif and only if these maps have approximately finite memory and satisfy certain continuity conditions. Corresponding results are then given for (not necessary causal) multivariable input-output maps. Such multivariable maps are of interest in connection with image processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202295
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new corner classification approach to neural network training (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 459-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The corner classification approach to neural network training has the excellent capability ofprescriptive learning, where the network weights areprescribed merely by inspection of the training samples. This technique is extremely fast compared to other conventional training techniques such as backpropagation. However, the versions described hitherto have been sensitive to the choice of the radius of generalization. We present here a new and improved corner classification technique that retains the prescriptive learning capability and gives excellent generalization performance. This algorithm could be the basis of the recently introduced neuroscientific notion of “working memory.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On cross-correlation function evaluation from a periodically time-varying digital filter's output (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 495-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Concise mathematical models are established for one-dimensional, linear, periodically time-varying digital filters. The three representations considered include linear difference equations, Green's function, and state-space structures. Linear time-invariant equivalent descriptions are then formulated, and from these, for the particular case of a white noise input, various analytical expressions are derived for both the cross-power spectral density functions and cross-correlation functions of the filter's subsampled output. These results are compared and contrasted with similar formulas for a linear time-invariant system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201505
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comprehensive approach to DOA estimation using higher-order statistics (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 539-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The algorithms developed in this paper rely on cumulants, or higher-order statistics, to eliminate Gaussian noise. A simple relation between the signal model parameters and the cumulant matrices computed from the received signals forms the basis for the development of these algorithms. The block Hankel structure of matrices formed from the cumulant matrices enables the directions of arrival (DOAs) to be estimated using the well-known MUSIC and ESPRIT approaches to DOA estimation. The effectiveness of the methods proposed here is demonstrated by the results of extensive computer simulation studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201507
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On neural network design part II: Inhibition and the output map (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 613-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this two part study, we presented a new design methodology for neural classifiers. The design procedure utilizes a multiclass vector quantization, MVQ, algorithm for information extraction from the training set. The extracted information suffices to specify the hidden layer in a canonical neural network architecture. The extracted information also leads to the specification of neuron inhibition rules and subsequently to the design of the hidden layer to output map. In part I of that study, we focused attention on the MVQ algorithm and how it is used to extract information from a training set. The extracted information is used to directly specify the hidden layer. In part II, we consider the non-simplistic hidden layer to output map design. We note that the MVQ algorithm, as it extracts information, decomposes the design set into disjoint neighborhoods. For each neighborhood we identify subsets of the hidden layer neurons which are significant sensors for the neighborhood. For each subset we construct an output map. Inhibition rules are established to assure that the proper output map is activated. In benchmark simulations, the overall design exhibits performance, to the extent that we are hard pressed to identify bounds on performance, if any.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some results on the invertibility of nonlinear operators (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 683-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to present certain conditions guaranteeing invertibility of a nonlinear operator between normed linear spaces. The idea is to approximate the given operator by an invertible, possibly linear operator, and reduce the problem to the contraction mapping principle. Several theorems of this kind are given, which appear as generalizations of some early results by I.W. Sandberg, and estimates for an “approximate inverse” are established. Finally, introducing certain “invertibility indices,” further sufficient and necessary conditions for invertibility are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206568
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Chua's circuit with a cubic nonlinearity via nonlinear linearization technique (1998)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 17 (1998), S. 719-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the controlling chaos problem of a cubic variant for the original Chua's circuit. A conventional input-output transfer function of a linearized system and a nonlinear linearization technique for a nonlinear system are also presented. According to analytical results, at equilibrium, the notion of local phase-minimality of the nonlinear system is equivalent to that of the linear system's transfer function. Our results also demonstrate that the controlled Chua's circuit, while considering a certain state as the system output, is an input-output linearizable minimum-phase system. In addition, nonlinear control laws are derived such that each state asymptotically tracks its corresponding desired trajectory while maintaining the boundedness of all signals inside the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206572
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Approach to Vulnerability Analysis of Complex Industrial Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 535-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Vulnerability ; robustness ; risk factors ; risk analysis ; system analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The concept of vulnerability of complex industrial systems is defined and discussed in relation to risk and system survivability. The discussion is illustrated by referring to a number of previous industrial accidents. The various risk factors, or threats, influencing an industrial system's vulnerability are classified and discussed. Both internal and external threats are covered. The general scope of vulnerability analysis is compared to traditional risk analysis approaches and main differences are illustrated. A general procedure for vulnerability analysis in two steps, including building of scenarios and preparation of relevant worksheets, is described and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005928.84074.e4
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrospective Temporal and Spatial Mobility of Adult Iowa Women (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Spatial mobility ; temporal mobility ; activity patterns ; time ; homes ; Iowa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Human exposure assessments require a linkage between toxicant concentrations in occupied spaces and the receptor's mobility pattern. Databases reporting distinct populations' mobility in various parts of the home, time outside the home, and time in another building are scarce. Temporal longitudinal trends in these mobility patterns for specific age and gender groups are nonexistent. This paper describes subgroup trends in the spatial and temporal mobility patterns within the home, outside the home, and in another building for 619 Iowa females that occupied the same home for at least 20 years. The study found that the mean time spent at home for the participants ranged from a low of 69.4% for the 50–59 year age group to a high of 81.6% for the over 80-year-old age group. Participants who lived in either one- or two- story homes with basements spent the majority of their residential occupancy on the first story. Trends across age varied for other subgroups by number of children, education, and urban/rural status. Since all of these trends were nonlinear, they indicate that error exists when assuming a constant, such as a 75% home occupancy factor, which has been advocated by some researchers and agencies. In addition, while aggregate data, such as presented in this report, are more helpful in deriving risk estimates for population subgroups, they cannot supplant good individual-level data for determining risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005932.47880.34
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expert Informants and Relative Risk: A Methodology for Modeling Waterways (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 557-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Relative risk ; Mississippi River ; tankers ; expert informants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This project describes a methodology for assessing relative risk along a transportation corridor utilizing waterborne transportation on the busiest port area in the world, the lower Mississippi River (from the mouth of Southwest Pass up through Baton Rouge, Louisiana). The paper calculates a relative risk scale, using data obtained from maritime experts, previous research, and existing databases. The research aggregates the vessel traffic data and geographic risk location data to produce relative risk scores for each mile along the River from the mouth of Southwest Pass to the termination of shipping at the U.S. 190 bridge across the River at Baton Rouge. This is done in a very simple and practical way for this initial model: (1) each vessel traveling the Mississippi is classified according to its risk potential for those miles that it passes in route to where it docks, and (2) points along the river are assigned a relative risk score based upon risk variables identified by expérts identified through a standard sampling procedure. The relative risk scores for river miles are combinations of these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005930.36272.92
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample Timing and Mathematical Considerations for Modeling Breath Elimination of Volatile Organic Compounds (1998)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 18 (1998), S. 585-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Blood levels ; blood concentrations ; exhaled breath ; PBPK ; pharmacokinetic ; sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Real-world exposure measurements are a necessary ingredient for subsequent detailed study of the risks from an environmental pollutant. For volatile organic compounds, researchers are applying exhaled breath analysis and the time dependence of concentrations as a noninvasive indicator of exposure, dose, and blood levels. To optimize the acquisition of such data, samples must be collected in a time frame suited to the needs of the mathematical model, within physical limitations of the equipment and subjects, and within logistical constraints. Additionally, one must consider the impact of measurement error on the eventual extraction of biologically and physiologically relevant parameters. Given a particular mathematical model for the elimination kinetics (in this case a very simple pharmacokinetic model based upon a multiterm exponential decay function that has been shown to fit real-world data extremely well), we investigated the effects on synthetic data caused by sample timing, random measurement error, and number of terms included in the model. This information generated a series of conditions for collecting samples and performing analyses dependent upon the eventual informational needs, and it provided an estimate of error associated with various choices and compromises. Though the work was geared specifically toward breath sampling, it is equally applicable to direct blood measurements in optimizing sampling strategy and improving the exposure assessment process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005933.06396.5f
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editor's Note (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 5-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008659912070
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Background Uncertainty and the Demand for Insurance Against Insurable Risks (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 7-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: insurance ; background risk ; prudence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Theory suggests that people facing higher uninsurable background risk buy more insurance against other risks that are insurable. This proposition is supported by Italian cross-sectional data. It is shown that the probability of purchasing casualty insurance increases with earnings uncertainty. This finding is consistent with consumer preferences being characterized by decreasing absolute prudence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008621712979
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Model of an Oligopoly in an Insurance Market (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: insurance ; oligopoly ; imperfect competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article analyzes the behavior of an oligopoly of risk-averse insurers that insure many consumers facing identical independent risks; however, the probability of a loss is ex ante not known with certainty. It is shown that there is a continuum of equilibria in the Bertrand game. The most plausible equilibrium can be obtained by requiring that all insurers are content with the number of policies they sell given the equilibrium premium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008677913887
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Background Risk and the Demand for Insurance (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: background risk ; stochastic dominance ; coinsurance ; deductibles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The demand for insurance against loss from a particular risky asset is likely to depend on other risks the decision-maker faces. For independently distributed other risks, referred to as background risk, Eeckhoudt and Kimball [1992] determine the effect on insurance demand of introducing background risk. Recently, Eeckhoudt, Gollier, and Schlesinger [1996] determine conditions on preferences such that first- and second-degree stochastic deteriorations in background risk lead to a decrease in the decision-maker's willingness to accept other risks. These results, although formulated in a general decision model, also apply to insurance demand. This article continues analysis of this question by determining the effect on insurance demand of several other general changes in background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008625829817
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Care Insurance and Life Insurance Demand (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: long-term care insurance ; life insurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article investigates the interaction between life insurance and long-term care insurance markets on the demand side. In the model utility depends on both consumption and bequest, and utility from consumption is contingent on the state of health. While the demand for life insurance increases both with decreasing income and with a rising degree of altruism, the influences of these two parameters on the demand for long-term care insurance are ambiguous. If the utility shock arising from disability declines, both insurance demands will rise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008630030725
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Classification by Fuzzy Inference (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 63-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: fuzzy inference ; risk classification ; life insurance ; imprecise information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Traditionally, policyholders in life insurance are classified in simple mortality tables, most often according to only a few risk characteristics. Instead of a risk classification according to the numerical rating system, this article describes how to classify by using a fuzzy inference methodology. By defining risk factors as fuzzy sets, it is shown that an insurer can utilize multiple prognostic factors that are imprecise and vague. The presented fuzzy risk classification provides a more realistic way of modeling mortality risks since it allows for compensations and interactions between multiple risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008682014796
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Extended Family of Financial-Risk Measures (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 89-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: inequality ; risk ; utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Recalling the class of risk measures introduced by Stone [1973], the authors survey measures from different academic disciplines—including psychology, operations research, management science, economics, and finance—that have been introduced since 1973. We introduce a general class of risk measures that extends Stone's class to include these new measures. Finally, we give four axioms that describe necessary attributes of a good financial risk measure and show which of the measures surveyed satisfy these. We demonstrate that all measures that satisfy our axioms, as well as those that do not but are commonly used in finance, belong to our new generalized class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008665926432
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pareto-Improving Social Security Reform (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: social security ; privatization ; overlapping generations model ; endogenous growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract It is generally accepted that moving from an unfunded to a funded social security system implies a welfare loss for the transition generation—that is, the generation that has to pay twice: first, saving for its own retirement and, second, contributing to the pensions of the then retired generation. This article shows that in a setting of endogenous growth with positive externality such a transition can be Pareto improving. But it argues also that social security reform is more a pretext than a requirement for internalizing such a positive externality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008622110502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Reexamination of the Relationship Between Preferences and Moment Orderings by Rational Risk-Averse Investors (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: asset preferences ; utility functions ; moment orderings ; Von Neumann-Morgenstern rationality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article examines the relationship between risk, return, skewness, and utility-based preferences. Examples are constructed showing that, for any commonly used utility function, it is possible to have two continuous unimodal random variables X and Y with positive and equal means, X having a larger variance and lower positive skewness than Y, and yet X has larger expected utility than Y, contrary to persistent folklore concerning U″′ 〉 0 implying skewness preference for risk averters. In additon, it is shown that ceteris paribus analysis of preferences and moments, as occasionally used in the literature, is impossible since equality of higher-order central moments implies the total equality of the distributions involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008674127340
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Government Deposit Insurance and the Diamond-Dybvig Model (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: deposit insurance ; bank runs ; diamond dybuig model ; market failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The apparent banking market failure modeled by Diamond and Dybvig [1983] rests on their inconsistently applying their “sequential servicing constraint” to private banks but not to their government deposit insurance agency. Without this inconsistency, banks can provide optimal risk-sharing without tax-based deposit insurance, even when the number of “type 1” agents is stochastic, by employing a “contingent bonus contract.” The threat of disintermediation noted by Jacklin [1987] in the nonstochastic case is still present but can be blocked by contractual trading restrictions. This article complements Wallace [1988], who considers an alternative resolution of this inconsistency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008626211411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voluntary Contributions with Uncertainty: The Environmental Quality (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 151-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: environmental management ; uncertainty ; public goods ; voluntary contributions ; precaution ; risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article presents a model in which production causes pollution that diminishes the welfare of its agents. Each agent is concerned with the quality of its environment and may voluntary contribute to improve it by financing depollution technology. The effectiveness of this technology on the quality of the environment is uncertain. We show that if an agent is sufficiently risk averse, voluntary contribution is a decreasing function of the average efficiency of depollution technology. If, on the contrary, the pollution effect is weaker than the substitution effect, the opposite holds. We show that precaution about environmental quality has two possible consequences that depend on agents' risk aversion. Therefore, the implications of a precautionary attitude lead us to consider the agents' risk-aversion characterization, which implies knowledge about prudent attitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008678228249
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of aromatic polyesters (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 328-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: lipase; enzymatic synthesis; aromatic polyester; diacid; diol; polyesterification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzymatic synthesis of aromatic polyesters by direct polyesterification between a diacid and a diol is described. The effects of the type of substrate, type and quantities of lipase, temperature, vacuum, and reaction time on the synthesis of aromatic polyesters were studied in detail. Among three lipases investigated, only Novozym 435 worked well for aromatic polyester synthesis. Temperature and vacuum played an important role in obtaining a high molar mass of the aromatic polyesters. Furthermore, with isophthalic acid and 1,6-hexanediol as substrates, the mass average molar mass of the polyester obtained increased with an increase in the lipase quantity up to 0.375 g (11.7%, w/w of total reactor contents). The mass average molar mass of the polyester was as high as 50000 g mol−1 in 168 h, with a polydispersity of PD ≈ 1.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900533
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering approach to reduce undesirable by-products in cephalosporin C fermentation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 344-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Acremonium chrysogenum; cephalosporin C; deacetoxycephalosporin C; 7-ACA; 7-ADCA; expandase/ hydroxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) is produced by Acremonium chrysogenum as an intermediate compound in the cephalosporin C biosynthetic pathway, and is present in small quantities in cephalosporin C fermentation broth. This compound forms an undesirable impurity, 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA), when the cephalosporin C is converted chemically or enzymatically to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA). In the cephalosporin C biosynthetic pathway of A. chrysogenum, the bifunctional expandase/hydroxylase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of penicillin N to DAOC and subsequently deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC). By genetically engineering strains for increased copy number of the expandase/hydroxylase gene, we were able to reduce the level of DAOC present in the fermentation broth to 50% of the control. CHEF gel electrophoresis and Southern analysis of DNA from two of the transformants revealed that one copy of the transforming plasmid had integrated into chromosome VIII (ie a heterologous site from the host expandase/hydroxylase gene situated on chromosome II). Northern analysis indicated that the amount of transcribed expandase/hydroxylase mRNA in one of the transformants is increased approximately two-fold over that in the untransformed host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900531
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of a novel thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus var marxianus: development of an ethanol fermentation process (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: thermotolerance; process development; novel yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fermentation characteristics of the novel, thermotolerant, isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus var marxianus were determined to evaluate its aptitude for use in an ethanol production process. Sustainable growth was not observed under anaerobic conditions, even in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid and sterol. A maximum ethanol concentration of 40 g L−1 was produced at 45°C, with an initial specific ethanol production rate of 1.7 g g−1 h−1. This was observed at ethanol concentrations below 8 g L−1 and under oxygen-limited conditions. The low ethanol tolerance and low growth under oxygen-limited conditions required for ethanol production implied that a simple continuous process was not feasible with this yeast strain. Improved productivity was achieved through recycling biomass into the fermenter, indicating that utilising an effective cell retention method such as cell recycle or immobilisation, could lead to the development of a viable industrial process using this novel yeast strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900532
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon concentration and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on growth, conidiation, spore germination and efficacy of the potential bioherbicide Colletotrichum coccodes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: carbon concentration; Colletotrichum coccodes; conidiation; C:N ratio; mycoherbicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of carbon concentration and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) as well as their interaction on Colletotrichum coccodes growth and sporulation in submerged flask culture were evaluated. When C:N ratios were held constant, both mycelial dry biomass and spore yield increased with increasing carbon concentration. The specific spore yields (spore yield g−1 carbon), however, were not significantly different for the same C:N ratio in most cases. The highest spore yields (1.3 × 108 spores per ml) were obtained from media containing 20 g per liter carbon with C:N ratios ranging from 5:1 to 10:1. When the C:N ratio was greater than 15:1, spore yields were significantly decreased with increasing C:N ratios. High carbon concentration (20 g L−1) combined with high C:N ratios (above 15:1) reduced both mycelial growth and sporulation, and increased spore matrix production. Spores produced in medium containing 10 g L−1 carbon with C:N ratios from 10:1 to 15:1 had 90% germination on potato dextrose agar after 12 h and caused extensive shoot dry weight reduction on the target weed, velvetleaf. These results suggest that C:N ratios from 10:1 to 15:1 are optimal for C. coccodes spore production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900534
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of marine paints on microbial biofilm development on three materials (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: microbial biofilms; modified Robbins device (MRD); antifouling paint; tributyltin (TBT); copper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 was studied using modified Robbins devices. Biofilm development was measured using viable counts, acridine orange direct counts (AODC), and a colorimetric method for exopolysaccharide (EPS). Biofilms reached their maximum population 24–72 h after inoculation on coupons with no paint or on coupons coated with marine paint VC-18 without additives. Biofilms on stainless steel contained higher numbers of total cells and of viable cells than biofilms on fiberglass or aluminum. Coating the surfaces with marine paint VC-18 resulted in decreased numbers of cells on stainless steel but had little effect on numbers of cells on fiberglass or aluminum. Addition to the paint of Cu or tributyltin (TBT), the active components in two types of antifouling paints, inhibited the initial development of biofilms. However, by 72–96 h, most biofilms contained the same number of cells as surfaces without additives as shown by both viable counts and AODC. Biofilms that formed on surfaces coated with Cu- or TBT-containing paint did not synthesize more EPS, suggesting that P. aeruginosa PAO-1 does not respond to these compounds by synthesizing more EPS, which could bind the metal and protect the cells. Rather, these biofilms may contain Cu- or TBT-resistant cells. TBT-resistant cells made up 1–10% of the viable counts in biofilms on uncoated stainless steel, but in biofilms on stainless steel coated with marine paint containing TBT, TBT-resistant cells made up as much as 50% of the population. For non-coated stainless steel surfaces, Cu-resistant cells initially made up the majority of the population, but after 48 h they made up less than 1% of the population. On Cu-coated stainless steel, Cu-resistant cells predominated through 48 h, but after 48 h they comprised less than 10% of the population. These results suggest that the growth of TBT-resistant and Cu-resistant cells contributes to biofilms of P. aeruginosa PAO-1 at early stages of development but not at later stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900523
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous utilization of glucose and D-xylose by Candida shehatae in a chemostat (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: chemostat; Candida shehatae; mixed sugars; D-xylose; Monod kinetics; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of biomass formation, D-xylose utilization, and mixed substrate utilization were determined in a chemostat using the yeast Candida shehatae. The maximum growth rate of C. shehatae grown aerobically on D-xylose was 0.42 h−1 and the Monod constant, K s, was 0.06 g L−1. The biomass yield, Y {X/S}, ranged from 0.40 to 0.50 g g−1 over a dilution rate range of 0.2–0.3 h−1, when C. shehatae was grown on pure D-xylose. Mixtures of D-xylose and glucose (∼1 : 1) were simultaneously utilized over a dilution rate from 0.15 to 0.35 h−1 at pH 3.5 and 4.5, but pH 3.5 reduced μmax and reduced the dilution rate range over which D-xylose was utilized in the presence of glucose. At pH 4.5, μmax was not reduced with the mixed sugar feed and the overall or lumped K s value was not significantly increased (0.058 g L−1 vs 0.06 g L−1), when compared to a pure D-xylose feed. Kinetic data indicate that C. shehatae is an excellent candidate for chemostat production of value added products from renewable carbon sources, since simultaneous mixed substrate utilization was observed over a wide range of growth rates on a 1 : 1 mixture of glucose and D-xylose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900536
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new hydroxylase system in Actinomadura sp cells converting compactin to pravastatin (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 373-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Actinomadura; compactin; hydroxylase; microbial transformation; pravastatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydroxylase in cell-free extracts of Actinomadura sp strain 2966 converts compactin to pravastatin. It requires NADPH as coenzyme and Mg2+ as cofactor; Mn2+ can partially replace Mg2+. In contrast with the inducible cytochrome P-450 system of Streptomyces carbophilus which catalyzes the same overall reaction, this constitutive hydroxylase is stimulated by ATP and ascorbic acid and is not inactivated by CO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900539
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keyword index to Volume 20 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900548
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of recombinant hirudin in Hansenula polymorpha: variation of gene expression level depends on methanol oxidase and fermentation strategies (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: hirudin; Hansenula polymorpha; methylotrophic yeast; methanol oxidase; autonomously replicating sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various recombinant Hansenula polymorpha strains were developed and compared for their level of expression of the anticoagulant hirudin. H. polymorpha DL1-57 harboring an autonomously replicating sequence, HARS36, efficiently expressed the gene for recombinant hirudin. The effect of methanol oxidase (MOX) on the expression of the hirudin gene in H. polymorpha DL1-57 was studied, and the fermentation strategies coupled with the MOX activity and an antioxidant, tocopherol, were also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900545
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological quality of Portuguese yogurts (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 19-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: yogurt; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Streptococcus thermophilus; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Bifidobacterium spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microbiological quality of four brands of natural yogurts and two probiotic yogurts available in the Portuguese market, was evaluated during the shelf-life period. Although the specific flora decreased during storage it was always within the range of recommended values. No coliforms and an insignificant number of fungi were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900551
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 193
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell membrane effects of some common biocides (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: cytoplasmic membrane; biocides; potassium leakage; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas-gap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many antimicrobial compounds exhibit bacterial cell membrane activity as either potassium ion leakage and/or leakage of material that absorbs at 260 nm from the cell. In this experiment a potassium ion selective electrode and spectophotometric observation of 260-nm leakage were used in order to examine cell membrane effects in a selection of common biocides upon both Escherichia coli NCIMB 10000 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 10548. The observation of potassium ion leakage for pyrithione biocides yielded results which were initially difficult to interpret, but are thought to suggest a species-dependent combination of potassium ion leakage from affected membranes and chelation of those leaked ions in the bathing suspension. Such a result is not, however, supported by the 260-nm material leakage results, which indicate very similar levels of membrane active effects for both species of bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900554
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 194
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly-(β-hydroxybutyrate) from saponified Vernonia galamensis oil by Alcaligenes eutrophus (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 46-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus; biodegradable plastics; poly(β-hydroxybutyrate); vegetable oil; Vernonia galamensis; vernolic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Saponified vernonia oil was converted exclusively to poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by Alcaligenes eutrophus in a single-stage batch culture. After harvesting, centrifugation followed by lyophilization, the resulting dried cells contained up to 42.8 wt% PHB having a peak molecular mass of 381 863 Da, weight-average molecular mass of 308 390 Da, and a polydispersity of 1.1. The PHB had a melting point (Tm) range of 163–174°C with a maximum at 172°C (lit. Tm, 175°C), and heat of fusion of 18.43 cal g−1. Fermentation performed under varying conditions of nitrogen limitation indicated that there was no significant effect of nitrogen concentration on the molecular mass of PHB produced from vernonia oil by A. eutrophus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900555
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mutant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 producing a glucosyltransferase synthesizing α(1→2) glucosidic linkages (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: glucosyltransferase; dextransucrase; alternansucrase; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; mutant; glucan; dextran; polysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mutant strain (R1510) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 was isolated which synthesized primarily an insoluble polysaccharide and little soluble polysaccharide when grown in sucrose-containing medium. Glucose or sucrose cultures of this strain produced a single intense band of GTF-1 activity of 240 kDa on SDS gels, and a number of faint, smaller bands. Oligosaccharides synthesized by strain R1510 from methyl-α-D-glucoside and sucrose included a trisaccharide whose structure contained an α(1→2) glucosidic linkage. This type of linkage has not been seen before in any products from strain B-1355 or its mutant derivatives. The structure of the purified trisaccharide was confirmed by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The insoluble polysaccharide also contained α(1→2) branch linkages, as determined by methylation analysis, showing that synthesis of the linkages was not peculiar to methyl-α-D-glucoside. GTF-1, which had been excised with a razor blade from an SDS gel of a culture of the parent strain B-1355, produced the same trisaccharides as strain R1510, showing that GTF-1 from the wild-type strain was the same as GTF-1 from strain R1510. Mutant strains resembling strain R1510, but producing a single intense band of alternansucrase (200 kDa) instead of GTF-1 were also isolated, suggesting that mutations may be generated which diminished the activities for any two of the three GTFs of strain B1355 relative to the third. Strain R1554 produced a soluble form of alternansucrase, while strain R1588 produced a cell-associated form. The mechanism(s) by which specific GTFs become associated with the cells of L. mesenteroides was not explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900558
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP602: biochemical properties and application for wastewater treatment (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: lipase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; wastewater treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP602, a bacterial strain isolated from a domestic wastewater sample, was preliminarily characterized. The enzyme exhibited maximum lipolytic activity at pH 8.0 where it was also stably maintained. At 55°C, the lipase had the highest activity but not stability. The enzyme was insensitive to EDTA and to many ions tested except Zn2+. It was sensitive to SDS but not to Tween-20, Tween-80 or Triton X-100. The enzyme was active towards a number of commercial food grade fats and oils. A suitable medium formula for lipase production was MMP containing 6.25% whey as a carbon source, 1% soybean oil as inducer and 0.5% yeast extract supplement. The culture was fed with glucose to a final concentration of 0.1% at the 15th hour of incubation. Lipase production under this condition was 3.5 U ml−1. Both P. aeruginosa LP602 cells and the lipase were shown to be usable for lipid-rich wastewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900563
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 92-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: immunomagnetic separation; bovine feces; carcass wash water; apple cider; ground beef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Contamination of foods with pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella is a major concern worldwide and rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods are needed for detection of these organisms. Since these pathogens can contaminate similar foods and other types of samples, a multiplex polymerase chain reduction (PCR) was designed to allow simultaneous detection of both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp directly from enrichment cultures. Samples of apple cider, beef carcass wash water, ground beef, and bovine feces were inoculated with both E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium at various bacterial levels. Following enrichment culturing for 20–24 h at 37°C in modified EC broth or buffered peptone water both containing novobiocin, the samples were subjected to a DNA extraction technique or to immunomagnetic separation then tested by the multiplex PCR assay. Four pairs of primers were employed in the PCR: primers for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 eaeA, stx 1/2 and plasmid sequences and for amplification of a portion of the Salmonella invA gene. Four fragments of the expected sizes were amplified in a single reaction and visualized following agarose gel electrophoresis in all the samples inoculated with ≤ 1 CFU g−1 or ml−1. Results can be obtained in approximately 30 h. The multiplex PCR is a potentially powerful technique for rapid and sensitive co-detection of both pathogens in foods and other types of samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900520
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental samples—a review of published protocols and current developments (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 150-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum; detection; PCR; environmental samples; water; food
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Since 1991 more than 30 PCR protocols have been published, which show a potential to replace the current microscopic detection method for Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental samples and food. This review provides a synoptic comparison of these protocols with respect to the following features: isolation and purification of oocysts from tested matrices, elimination of free DNA, viability and infectivity assessment, release of nucleic acids, nucleic acid extraction, type of PCR (PCR, RT-PCR, internal-standard-PCR, in situ PCR, TaqMan-PCR), primary product detection, additional specificity control, secondary product detection, reported sensitivity, cross-reaction with other Cryptosporidium species, and target and sequence information such as amplicon length, primer sequences, multiple copy target, presence of strain-specific differences in the amplicon, GenBank accession numbers and gene function. The results demonstrate that problems like PCR inhibition, viability assessment, and the requirement of an extreme sensitivity have been solved. PCR assays would be most valuable to control presence-absence standards in defined matrix volumes, and the setup of such standards would very much contribute to a rapid introduction of this awaited technology into routine monitoring of environmental, water and food samples, and to a further standardization of the various protocols. It can be expected that satisfactory solutions for quantification will be found for a growing number of PCR-based assays. Systematic field evaluation and interlaboratory studies will complement our present knowledge of these methods in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900566
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of ERIC PCR as a tool in epidemiologic research of Salmonella in slaughter pigs (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Salmonella; pigs; ERIC PCR; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to test a protocol for a standardized ERIC PCR for its capability of genotyping Salmonella, isolated from pigs and their environment, in an epidemiologic approach. To test repeatability, four different Salmonella isolates were subjected to PCR three times. Furthermore, it was tested if the profiles on gel differed when a higher annealing temperature was used. Four Salmonella isolates were subjected to four different annealing temperatures (36, 40, 48 and 55°C). Moreover it was tested if the differentiation of Salmonella isolates, based on the genotypes, differed when a higher annealing temperature was used. Eight Salmonella isolates were tested at normal (36°C) and high (55°C) annealing temperatures. The results showed that this standardized ERIC PCR protocol was an efficient tool for typing many Salmonella isolates within a short period of time. The profiles were repeatable within one PCR reaction, but some profiles differed when they were compared between reactions. A higher annealing temperature resulted in profiles that contained more or fewer bands. The differentiation between isolates, when comparing profiles, remained the same. It was concluded that the standardized ERIC PCR protocol is useful for genotyping Salmonella.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900568
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human PAI-2 in the baculovirus expression system (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: plasminogen activator inhibitor-2; baculovirus; expression vector; secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using pSXIVVI+X3 as an expressing vector, an occluded recombinant Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus carrying the cDNA encoding plasminogen activators inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) under the control of the Syn and XIV promoters, has been constructed. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis revealed that the virus-mediated PAI-2, with a molecular weight of ∼45 kDa, was synthesized in the Sf cells at a level of ∼16% of total intracellular protein and in the supernatant phase at a level of ∼64% of total extracellular protein secreted into the hemolymph of infected larvae. The expressed protein was similar to its authentic counterpart in terms of immunoreactivity and bioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900559
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...