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  • Articles  (32)
  • oxidation
  • Springer  (32)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1995-1999  (32)
  • 1998  (32)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and stability of doped SnO2 anodes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 607-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: SnO2 anodes ; doping ; high overvoltage anodes ; surface analysis ; oxidation ; water treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Doped tin dioxide electrodes have been prepared by a standard spray pyrolysis technique. The electrochemical behaviour of these electrodes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in sulphuric acid using the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple system as test reaction. Oxygen evolution has been used to study the stability of doped SnO2 electrodes. The SnO2 electrodes doped with antimony and platinum exhibit the highest stability. XPS analysis shows that the oxidation state of Sn, Sb and Pt are +4, +3 and +2, respectively, the probable species being SnO2, Sb2O3 and PtO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003250118996
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-acetyl-3-bromo-3-phenylazetidine and 1-phenyl-2-(N-acetyl-N-formyl)-aminoethanone (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Azetidine ; azetine ; ring opening ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1-Acetyl-3-bromo-3-phenylazetidine (1), C11H12BrNO, has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis. It crystallizes in the space group P2 1/c with a = 8.633(1), b = 7.461(1), c = 17.204(1) Å, β = 98.403(7)°, V = 1096.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, D calc = 1.540 g cm−3. The azetidine ring is nearly planar since the four atoms are within ±0.039(5) Å of the mean square plane calculated for the heterocycle. The attempt to obtain a highly strained 2-azetine derivative from the above compound gave, surprisingly, 1-phenyl-2-(N-acetyl-N-formyl)-aminoethanone (2), C11H11NO3. This compound has been also characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis. It crystallizes in the space group P212121, with a = 5.4719(3), b = 8.3205(6), c = 23.298(3) Å, V = 1060.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, D calc = 1.286 g cm−3. The aminoethanone residue is in a near planar conformation where the torsion angles are 7(2)° for N–C–C–=O and −173(2)° for N–C–C–C(Ph).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022489729966
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mo incorporation in MCM-41 type zeolite (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 52 (1998), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: metallosilicate ; mesoporous ; MCM-41 ; Mo-MCM-41 ; catalysis ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mo-incorporated MCM-41 has been prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis. XRD and N2-adsorption measurements showed the characteristics of MCM-41. IR, FT-Raman and UV-VIS DR spectroscopic analyses gave the evidences for the incorporation of Mo in the framework of MCM-41. They are found to be stable and active for cyclohexanol and cyclohexane oxidation reactions with H2O2 as oxidant. Activity of this system has been compared with that of Ti-MCM-41 and molybdena impregnated on pure siliceous MCM-41.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019019403375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Polyuronic Acid from Cellulose by TEMPO-mediated Oxidation (1998)
    Springer
    Cellulose 5 (1998), S. 153-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose ; TEMPO ; polyglucuronic acid ; degree of polymerization ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Various cellulose samples were oxidized by 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpipelidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-NaBr-NaClO systems, and the effects of oxidation conditions on chemical structures and degrees of polymerization of the products obtained were studied. In the case of regenerated and mercerized celluloses, almost all C6 primary alcohol groups were selectively oxidized to carboxyl groups, and water-soluble polyglucuronic acid (cellouronic acid) sodium salts were obtained almost quantitatively; the degrees of polymerization were influenced greatly by the amount of TEMPO added, and the oxidation time and temperatures. Cellouronic acids prepared from mercerized linter and kraft pulps had size exclusion chromatograms with two separate peaks due to higher and lower molecular weight fractions. On the other hand, only small amounts of carboxyl groups were introduced into native cellulose samples. Since polyglucuronic acids prepared from cellulose by the TEMPO–NaBr– NaClO systems regularly consist of the glucuronic acid repeating unit, differing from the conventional water-soluble cellulose derivatives, they may open new fields of cellulose utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009208603673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of metallosilicates with zeolite structure by atom-planting method (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis surveys from Japan 2 (1998), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8803
    Keywords: zeolite ; metallosilicate ; atom-planting ; modification ; catalysis ; acidity ; shape-selective alkylation ; oxidation ; hydrogen peroxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Atom-planting, a useful method to prepare some metallosilicates having zeolitic structure, was proposed. By treatment of highly siliceous zeolite with metal chloride vapor at selected temperature, metal cation could be introduced into the defect sites (hydroxyl nests) of zeolite framework. By the atom-planting method, some metallosilicates which are difficult to be synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis could be prepared. The vapor phase shape-selective alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol, and the liquid phase selective oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on the metallosilicates prepared by atom-planting method were reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019034610065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis by porous heteropoly compounds (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis surveys from Japan 2 (1998), S. 31-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8803
    Keywords: porous heteropoly compounds ; Pt-promoted heteropoly compounds ; shape selectivity ; water-tolerant catalyst ; hydrogenation ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper attempts to review recent works on catalysis of porous heteropoly compounds. The salts of heteropolyacids having Keggin structure with large cations like Cs+ are porous materials. For Cs hydrogen salts, the pore width can be controlled by the Cs content. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 has the largest amount of protons on the surface among the acidic Cs salts and possesses pores with bimodal distribution in the micro and meso region. Efficient performances were demonstrated for acid-catalyzed reactions such as skeletal isomerization of η-butane in solid-gas system, alkylation and acylation in solid-liquid system, and hydrolysis and hydration in solid-water system. A microporous salt, Cs2.2H0.8PW12O40, exhibited reactant shape selectivity towards direct decomposition of esters. Furthermore, an ultramicroporous bifunctional catalyst, Pt–Cs2.1H0.9PW12O40 of which the pore width is around 5 Å, exhibits reactant shape selectivity for hydrogenation of alkenes and oxidation of hydrocarbons, and product shape selectivity for skeletal isomerization of η-butane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019053719634
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum deactivation: in situ EXAFS during aqueous alcohol oxidation reaction (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 55 (1998), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: platinum ; EXAFS ; catalysis ; catalyst deactivation ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract With a new set‐up for in situ EXAFS spectroscopy the state of a carbon‐supported platinum catalyst during aqueous alcohol oxidation has been observed. The catalyst deactivation during platinum‐catalysed cyclohexanol oxidation is caused by platinum surface oxide formation. The detected Pt–O co‐ordination at 2.10 Å during exposure to nitrogen‐saturated cyclohexanol solution is different from what is observed for the pure oxidised platinum surface (2.06 Å).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019007601442
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insights into surface reactivity: formic acid oxidation on Cu(110) studied using STM and a molecular beam reactor (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 56 (1998), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: catalysis ; combustion ; oxidation ; formic acid ; STM ; molecular beams ; surface diffusion ; surface reactivity ; active sites ; reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Using a combination of STM and molecular beam reactor data we summarise some important features of a model reaction (formic acid oxidation on Cu(110)) which is of general significance to surface reactivity and to catalysis. Three such features are highlighted here. The first concerns the role of weakly held species (possibly physisorbed) in surface reactions. These species, although of very short lifetime on the surface, can, nevertheless, diffuse over long distances to “find” a sparse distribution of active sites. Thus a very low coverage of oxygen on the surface of Cu(110) increases the sticking probability of all the formic acid molecules which strike the surface to high value (0.82), even though the clean surface is relatively unreactive. The important concept here is the “diffusion circle” or “collection zone” which represents the area of surface visited by the molecule in its short sojourn in the weakly held state. The second theme concerns the concept of the “flexible surface”. We show that the involvement of surface atoms in reactions directs the structure and reactivity for a particular reaction. For formic acid oxidation the liberation of Cu atoms during the removal of oxygen as water leads to gross restructuring of the surface and can lead to “compression” of one reactant (the oxygen in this case) into a lower area, higher local coverage, unreactive state (the c(6×2) oxygen structure). Thirdly, and finally, it is proposed that, for many surface reactions, the surface acts in an analogous way to a solvent, supporting a “dissolved” (highly mobile and fluxional) phase of intermediates at low coverage, which crystallise out above a critical coverage (the 2D “solubility limit”).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019021431910
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation and characterisation of nanometre platinum colloids on silicon wafers as model catalysts (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 50 (1998), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: model catalysts ; spin coating ; Pt colloid ; AFM ; XPS ; Si wafer ; particle size ; oxidation ; reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Platinum particles of 2 nm diameter have been immobilised on oxidised silicon wafers by spin coating with colloidal solutions and characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The coverage and dispersion of the Pt colloids on the Si wafer are controlled by varying the concentration and the spin speed. Under optimal conditions mono-dispersed Pt colloids on silicon wafers are prepared. For the Pt colloids immobilised on the Si wafer, the majority of the stabilising ligands are removed through a reduction (with H2 at 200°C) or an oxidation (in air at 300°C) procedure. AFM showed that particle sizes are retained after the reduction procedure, while significant sintering occurs after oxidation. The mechanism of ligand removal was studied using an in situ XPS reaction cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019062901616
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The CO2–CeO2 interaction and its role in the CeO2 reactivity (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 56 (1998), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: cerium ; gas carbonic ; propane ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between CO2 and CeO2 and its role in the surface reactivity of alumina-supported cerium oxide has been studied by programmed thermodesorption (TPD) of CO2 and FTIR spectroscopy. The performance of Ce/Al2O3 systems was then analyzed for the propane oxidation in presence of CO2. The results have shown that the catalytic activity decreased when carbonate species are formed at the surface of CeO2. This behavior was attributed to the presence of CO2 from three different sources: contamination before use, during the handling of the samples, contamination proceeding from the reactants and from CO2 produced by the reaction itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019098121432
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the fumarate metabolism of the syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium strain MPOB (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 169 (1998), S. 346-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Syntrophy ; Fumarate reduction ; Propionate ; oxidation ; Anaerobic growth ; Electron transport chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of the syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium strain MPOB in pure culture by fumarate disproportionation into carbon dioxide and succinate and by fumarate reduction with propionate, formate or hydrogen as electron donor was studied. The highest growth yield, 12.2 g dry cells/mol fumarate, was observed for growth by fumarate disproportionation. In the presence of hydrogen, formate or propionate, the growth yield was more than twice as low: 4.8, 4.6, and 5.2 g dry cells/mol fumarate, respectively. The location of enzymes that are involved in the electron transport chain during fumarate reduction in strain MPOB was analyzed. Fumarate reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ATPase were membrane-bound, while formate dehydrogenase and hydrogenase were loosely attached to the periplasmic side of the membrane. The cells contained cytochrome c, cytochrome b, menaquinone-6 and menaquinone-7 as possible electron carriers. Fumarate reduction with hydrogen in membranes of strain MPOB was inhibited by 2-(heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HOQNO). This inhibition, together with the activity of fumarate reductase with reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (DMNH2) and the observation that cytochrome b of strain MPOB was oxidized by fumarate, suggested that menequinone and cytochrome b are involved in the electron transport during fumarate reduction in strain MPOB. The growth yields of fumarate reduction with hydrogen or formate as electron donor were similar to the growth yield of Wolinella succinogenes. Therefore, it can be assumed that strain MPOB gains the same amount of ATP from fumarate reduction as W. succinogenes, i.e. 0.7 mol ATP/mol fumarate. This value supports the hypothesis that syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria have to invest two-thirds of an ATP via reversed electron transport in the succinate oxidation step during the oxidation of propionate. The same electron transport chain that is involved in fumarate reduction may operate in the reversed direction to drive the energetically unfavourable oxidation of succinate during syntrophic propionate oxidation since (1) cytochrome b was reduced by succinate and (2) succinate oxidation was similarly inhibited by HOQNO as fumarate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050581
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfide-quinone reductase activity in membranes of the chemotrophic bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans GB17 (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsParacoccus denitrificans ; Sulfide ; oxidation ; Sulfide-quinone reductase ; Cytochrome ; bc complex ; Flavocytochrome c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reduction of exogenous ubiquinone and of cytochromes by sulfide in membranes of the chemotrophic bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans GB17 was studied. For sulfide-ubiquinone reductase activity, K m values of 26 ± 4 and 3.1 ± 0.6 μM were determined from titrations with sulfide and decyl-ubiquinone, respectively. A maximal rate of up to 0.3 μmol decyl-ubiquinone reduced (mg protein)–1 min–1 was estimated. The reaction was sensitive to quinone-analogous inhibitors, but insensitive to cyanide. Reduction of cytochromes by sulfide was monitored with an LED-array spectrophotometer. Under oxic conditions, reduction rates and extents of reduction were lower than those under anoxic conditions. Reoxidation of cytochromes was oxygen-dependent and cyanide-sensitive. The multiphasic behavior of transient reduction of cytochrome b with limiting amounts of sulfide reflects that sulfide, in addition to acting as an electron donor, is a slowly binding inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase. The initial peak of cytochrome b reduction is dependent on electron flow to an oxidant, either oxygen or ferricyanide, and is stimulated by antimycin A. This oxidant-induced reduction of cytochrome b suggests that electron transport from sulfide in P. denitrificans GB17 employs the cytochrome bc 1 complex via the quinone pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050653
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Another Approach to the Modified Zhuravlev Equation on the Basis of the Oxidation of V2O4 and V6O13 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 54 (1998), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: activation energy ; kinetic equation ; oxidation ; vanadium oxides ; Zhuravlev equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It has been found that the modified Zhuravlev equation, [(1−α)−1/3−1]2=ktn, which describes the kinetics of oxidation of V2O4 and V6O13 in the temperature range 820–900 K and in the oxygen pressure range 1.0–20 kPa, can be derived via the assumption that the changes in the observed activation energy result from the changing contributions of the two diffusion processes controlling the reaction rate. The values of the observed activation energy are in the range 160–175 kJ mol−1 for V2O4 and 188–201 kJ mol−1 for V6O13 in the scope of the experimental oxygen pressures and temperatures and conversion degrees of 0.1–0.9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010144213799
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids Esters DSC investigations (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 54 (1998), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; fatty acids esters ; kinetics ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation of saturated fatty acids ethyl esters: laurate, myristate, palmitate and stearate was investigated by means of DSC techniques under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The activation energies of isothermal oxidation were similar to each other (112–123 kJ mol−1) and no influence of carbon length on the rate of oxidative decomposition was observed. Results obtained from non-isothermal experiments were similar only for the first stage of oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010193624702
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comportement Thermique du Polypropylene au Cours du Vieillissement (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 52 (1998), S. 327-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: aging ; DTA-TG ; oxidation ; polypropylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several samples of polypropylene were studied by thermal analysis. The photo-oxidation and the aging of polypropylene films showed a mass loss more than 7% in heating from 20 to 220°C (5°C min-1), cooling to 20°C and reheating to 220°C. The authors observed also a decrease of the melting and crystallization temperatures. The non aged samples or these ones with preservatives are thermo-oxidised and presented an exothermic peak at about 200°C in DTA heating. The DTA-TG simultaneous apparatus is very useful in the study of polypropylene oxidation by making comparative trials according to a well definite procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010149607364
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulphide (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 53 (1998), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; molybdenum sulphide ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the results attained in the determination of the mechanism of oxidation of molybdenum sulphide under non-isothermal conditions in an air atmosphere. The mechanism of the process was determined by simultaneous DTA-TG-DTG, and the kinetic parameters of the reactions involved were obtained according to the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010108813595
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude de L'oxydation de Polyethylenes Par Analyse Thermique Identification des produits de dégradation par infra-rouge (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 53 (1998), S. 923-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; infrared spectrometry ; oxidation ; polyethylenes ; thermal analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of pure and recycled polyethylene samples was studied by thermal analysis (DTA-TG-DSC): presence of two exothermic peaks and mass loss. The thermo-oxidation products, containing C-O and C=O links, were identified by IR spectrometry and GC-MS spectrometry. The oxidation is easier from low to high density polyethylene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010102820701
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrachlorosilane Consumption in Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (1998)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 18 (1998), S. 509-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: RF SiCl4 discharge ; mass spectrometry ; kinetics ; decomposition ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved mass spectrometry was used for analysis of the plasma reactions in radio frequency (RF) SiCl 4 and SiCl 4 −O 2 discharges as functions of starting partial pressure and electrical power. Molecular concentrations of the reactants and products from SiCl 4 alone and with O 2 were obtained from the mass spectra and used for plotting the kinetic curves. The SiCl 4 and O 2 consumption rates were calculated from the kinetic curves and compared with results of theoretical simulation of the reaction. Direct electron impact decomposition was found to be the main pathway for pure SiCl 4 conversion. On the contrary, the consumption of SiCl 4 in the SiCl 4 +O 2 mixtures was largely chemical. The experimental macrokinetics are in agreement with a model in which oxidation is caused by the atomic oxygen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021811316740
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yttrium Acetate-Derived Particle Coatings for Mitigating Oxidation and Corrosion of Inconel 625 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 12 (1998), S. 35-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: yttrium acetate precursor ; particle coating ; oxidation ; corrosion ; Inconel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract “Sol paint” that yields yttrium-based compounds was prepared by mixing four chemical ingredients, yttrium acetate tetrahydrate precursor, diethanolamine, isopropyl alcohol, and hydrochloric acid, and then applied as oxidation/corrosion resistant coatings for Inconel 625 substrates. Annealing the coatings at 500°C developed a coalescent microstructure of coarse particles consisting of amorphous yttrium carbonate as the major component and crystalline yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as the minor one. At 700°C, the yttrium carbonate was transformed into Y2O3 by decarbonation. Increasing the annealing temperature to 900°C led to the formation of the YCrO3 phase yielded by interaction between Y2O3 and the Cr2O3 which had arisen from the oxidation of the underlying Inconel; the YCrO3 phase created a particle coating with a densified microstructure. There were two key factors in mitigating the degree of oxidation of Inconel at 900°C in air: (1) an uptake of oxygen by Y2O3 in the coatings, and (2) a densified coating layer that suppresses the diffusion and permeation of oxygen through it. Furthermore, inhibiting the rate of NaCl-caused corrosion was not only due to the excellent coverage of particle coatings over the entire surfaces of the substrates, but also may be associated with a good adherence of the coatings to the substrates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008653026137
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  • 20
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    TEM Observation of the Zrc/Zro2 Interface Formed by Oxidation of Zrc Single Crystals (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Transmission electron microscopy observation ; interfacial microstructure ; oxidation ; ZrC ; cubic ZrO2 ; amorphous carbon film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microstructure at the interface of ZrC and ZrO2 formed by oxidation of a single crystal of ZrC with 100 faces at 600°C at an oxygen pressure of 2 kPa was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ZrO2 scale was shown to consist of two subscales, zones 1 and 2. The interfacial area in zone 1 was composed of regular lattice fringes corresponding to the 111, 200, and 220 lattices of cubic ZrO2 (c-ZrO2) crystallites 2 to 10 nm in size and an amorphous phase. The growth of crystallites occurred in zone 2, which visualized the interface of zones 1 and 2. Black thin films reminiscent of zone 1 were successfully separated, which were composed of amorphous carbon in which c-ZrO2 particles 2 to 20 nm in size were included.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022673620322
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  • 21
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    Work Function of PbZrO3 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: PbZrO3 ; oxidation ; nonstoichiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of work function (WF) changes of undoped PbZrO3 during subsequent isothermal oxidation and reduction experiments at 500°C in the p(O2) range between 10 and 2.1 × 104 Pa. The results, obtained during three consecutive runs, indicate that heating at 500°C leads to continuous changes of surface properties resulting in a complex WF vs. time characteristic. The WF changes during the first oxidation are determined by a p(O2)-induced structural transition. The second oxidation results in two competitive processes, such as rapid increase of oxygen non-stoichiometry followed by a structural transition. Finally, the third oxidation is determined by changes of oxygen nonstoichiometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022603327570
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Surface Preparation of Zirconia on its Reactivity with Oxygen (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Zirconia ; oxidation ; preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports surface electrical properties of zirconia studied using work function measurements in the temperature range 297–1173 K during oxidation. It was found that surface preparation procedures, such as grinding and polishing, result in a change of its reactivity with oxygen. The effects produced by the preparation can be removed during thermal treatment at 1473 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021820720142
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Calcium Boride at High Temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 6 (1998), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: CaB6 ; oxidation ; weight gain ; calcium borate ; oxidation resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of CaB6 powders at high temperatures was investigated. The sample oxidized at 873 to 973 K for 25 hours exhibited weight gain with increasing oxidation temperature; the oxidation proceeded in accordance with the parabolic law during the initial oxidation stage. On the other hand, the weight gain of the sample oxidized at and above 1073 K for 4 h was approximately 80%; however even if the oxidation time was prolonged, an additional weight change did not occur. Based on the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis, calcium borate (CaB4O7) was present on the surface of the sample oxidized at 1073 K. The sample showed a good oxidation resistance at 1273 to 1373 K, because the surface film of calcium borate (CaB2O4) formed by oxidation acted as an oxidation resistant layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021880906030
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CEMS of nitride coatings in agressive environments (1998)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 111 (1998), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: reactive sputtering ; iron ; chromium ; titanium ; TiN ; CrN ; nitrides ; oxidation ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; CEMS ; XPS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The corrosion properties of single layered TiN and CrN films have been compared to bi-layered and multi-layered Ti/TiN films. XPS has showed that in humid SO2 atmosphere the best corrosion properties have been achieved by a multi-layered Ti/TiN coating. Cyclic voltammetry in acetate buffer has been applied to measure the porousity and corrosion resistance of coatings. The best results have been achieved by multi-layered Ti/TiN and CrN films. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to study the changes in the interface Fe/TiN during thermal treatment in UHV. It has been shown that the amount of iron nitrides in the interface increases with increasing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012633129107
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and Oxidation of Magnetron Sputtered Fe-Al Intermetallic Alloys (1998)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 112 (1998), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: Magnetron Sputtering ; Iron ; Aluminum ; Intermetallic phases ; oxidation ; Mössbauer Spectroscopy ; CEMS ; RBS ; HRSEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fe-Al intermetallic alloys have been considered as protective materials against corrosion. We have studied the properties of such intermetallic coatings Fe x Al1−x (x ≤ 0.5) on the aluminum-rich side and their oxidation behaviour. The samples were prepared using rf-magnetron sputtering. The composition and layer thickness were determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were applied for phase analysis. We report here on the oxidation of such coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011017517588
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface interaction of ethylene glycol with silver (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 64 (1998), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Ethylene glycol ; glyoxal ; silver ; oxidation ; dehydrogenation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interaction of ethylene glycol with clean and oxidized surfaces of an Ag catalyst has been studied under pre-catalysis conditions. On a clean surface, ethylene glycol was reversibly adsorbed with the formation of a multilayer coverage. Adsorbed ethylene glycol weakly bonded to the oxidized silver surface leads to the selective formation of glyoxalvia two parallel routes: dehydrogenation and oxidation. Dissociative interaction of ethylene glycol with Ag led to the appearance of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide by-products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475376
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of H2S oxidation by oxygen on oxide catalysts in sulfur condensation conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 64 (1998), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: H2S ; oxidation ; oxygen ; oxide catalysts ; catalytic activity ; oscillations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract H2S oxidation with oxygen has been studied on three industrial oxide catalysts (Fe−Cr−Zn, Cu−Cr−Al, V−Ti−Al). Thermodynamically possible changes in the composition of the catalysts have been evaluated. Regularities determining deep or partial oxidation of H2S have been found. Deep oxidation is connected to the presence of active oxygen on the catalyst surface; its removal results in a decrease of activity and increase of the sulfur selectivity. Oscillations caused by periodic adsorption-desorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface have been observed on the most active V−Ti−Al catalysts in oxygen excess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475380
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of deep traps for gas molecules in methanol/water glasses at 77 K (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 64 (1998), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Diffusion ; oxidation ; solid phase kinetics ; free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Capture of oxygen molecules by deep traps upon their diffusion in methanol/water glasses has been studied at 77 K. Deep traps may exist in matrices in which the oxidation of alkyl radicals is described by a time-dependent rate constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475352
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of catalytic oxidation of aqueous sodium sulfite (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 64 (1998), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Chemical absorption ; oxidation ; sodium sulfite ; cobalt sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A gas-lift bubble column was used to investigate the kinetics of the reaction between oxygen and aqueous solutions of sodium sulfite in the presence of cobalt sulfate catalyst. Reaction orders have been determined for the sulfite, catalyst, and oxygen under high and low oxygen partial-pressure conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475355
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coking during ethylene glycol oxidation to glyoxal on a silver catalyst (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 63 (1998), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: ethylene glycol ; coking ; oxidation ; glyoxal ; silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of major parameters of ethylene glycol oxidation to glyoxal on a silver catalyst on catalyst coking has been studied. On the basis of experimental data obtained, methods decreasing the coking have been suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475411
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume stages in the process of the ethylene glycol catalytic oxidation to glyoxal on silver (1998)
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 65 (1998), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: Ethylene glycol ; glyoxal ; oxidation ; heterogeneous ; homogeneous reactions ; oscillations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The volume stages of ethylene glycol oxidation to glyoxal on silver have been studied by varying the catalyst grain size. Temperature oscillations have been detected in the catalyst layer. The nature of the oscillations and the range of their generation were investigated by varying the oxygen, ethylene glycol and water vapor contents in the reaction mixture. Glyoxal formation was shown to occur on the silver catalyst surface. The generation of oscillations is responsible for the CO to CO2 oxidation in the volume between the catalyst grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02475273
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high-density lipoproteins on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in plasma (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 126 (1998), S. 783-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: platelets ; platelet-rich plasma ; aggregation ; high-density lipoproteins ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Autooxidized high-density lipoproteins (HDL2) inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. Platelet aggregation in the presence of native HDL2 and HDL3 and autooxidized HDL3 does not differ from the control (plasma with buffer). A conclusion is made on the important role of autooxidized HDL2 as a thrombogenesis-inhibiting factor in atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446909
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