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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selektive Partnerwahl der Aaskrähe (Corvus corone) in der Hybridisierungszone von Rabenkrähe (C. c. corone) und Nebelkrähe (C. c. cornix) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651226
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of a 1:1 complex between the anthelmintic drug mebendazole and propionic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Mebendazole–propionic acid complex ; molecular complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recrystallization of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole from propionic acid yields a 1:1 molecular complex which crystallizes in the triclinic system space group $${P\bar 1}$$ , a = 5.928(2), b = 11.066(2), c = 14.337(6)Å, α = 94.89(3), β = 101.56(3), γ = 96.18(2)°, and Z = 2 complex units in the unit cell. An x-ray diffraction study revealed an R 2 2 (8) hydrogen bonding system in the complex, involving the unprotonated imidazole N and amide N–H function of the drug and the acid carboxylic group. Complex molecules form centrosymmetric dimers by intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding involving the protonated imidazole N atom and the benzoyl O atom of the drug molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021766300133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and EPR spectra of glycilglycilglycinocopper(II)bromide sesquihydrate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cu(II) complex ; crystal structure ; EPR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound, Cu(glyglygly)Br·1·5H2O, crystallizes in the space group C2/c, with a = 21.468(7), b = 6.716(5), c = 16.166(6) Å, β = 98.39°, and Z = 8. The tripeptide is bonded to one Cu(II) ion through the nitrogen [Cu–N=1.97(1)Å] and oxygen [Cu–O=2.019(8)Å] atoms of the amino end glycine residue and to another Cu(II) through one oxygen atom [Cu–O=1.931(9)Å] of the terminal carboxyl group. This give rise to covalently bonded and infinite ···–Cu–tripeptide–Cu–··· chains. These chains are linked to one another by a network of H-bonds involving the water molecules and bromide ions. The Cu(II) ion is in a distorted tetragonal pyramidal coordination polyhedron. At the corner of the base of the pyramid are the terminal glycine nitrogen and oxygen atoms of one tripeptide, a carboxylic oxygen of another tripeptide and a bromide ion. The fivefold coordination is completed with a water molecule at the top of the pyramid [Cu–Ow=2.286(9)Å]. For all orientations of the applied magnetic field the single crystal EPR spectra display a single anisotropic exchange collapsed resonance without hyperfine structure. Its position was measured in three perpendicular planes and the crystal g-tensor evaluated from the data. This tensor is interpreted in terms of the contributing Cu(II) complexes in the unit cell to deduce the principal values g1 = 2.273, g2 = 2.050 and g3 = 2.131 for the molecular gyromagnetic tensor. We also discuss the magnitude of the exchange interaction between neighboring copper ions in the lattice on the basis of the features in the EPR spectra and the structural information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021734820606
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene with hexachlorocyclopentadiene and structural characterization of a new addition-substitution product (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-Methylnaphthalene ; hexachlorocyclopentadiene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 2-Methylnaphthalene undergoes Diels-Alder addition and substitution with hexachlorocyclopentadiene to give two products, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 1 and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-(1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentachlorocyclopentadienyl)methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 2. The molecular structure of 2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography: C26H9Cl17, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 15.316(3), b = 13.698(3), c = 16.116(3) Å, β = 96.113(3)°, and Z = 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021819518557
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of [(PhenH)(PhenH2)][BiCl6]·2H2O with different o-phenanthroline protonations (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 791-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Halobismuthate(III) ; phenanthroline ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction between bismuthate oxide and phen (1,10-phenanthroline) in acid medium led to the isolation of the unusual [(PhenH)(PhenH2)][BiCl6]·2H2O derivative, which has been characterized by X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$[\text[P\bar 1]]$$ with a = 8.313(2), b = 9.349(2), c = 9.807(3) Å, α = 86.39(3), β = 110.27(3) and γ = 106.48(3)°. The crystal structure is made of [BiCl6]3− anions and [(PhenH)(PhenH2)]3+ cations. A network of hydrogen bond interactions involving the two clathrated water molecules, the phenanthroline moiety and the chlorines characterizes the entire structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021871502627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tris-(thiocyanato)-bis-(hexamethylenetetramine)-nona-(aquo) lanthanum(III): synthesis, crystal structure, IR and Raman characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 879-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Lanthanum complex ; hexamethylenetetramine ; IR spectra ; thiocyanates ; coordination number nine ; tricapped trigonal prism ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound (LaC15H42N11O9S3) was prepared and characterized by means of X-ray, IR and Raman measurements. The crystals are orthorhombic: Pnma (No. 62), a = 21.117(2), b = 14.736(2), c = 10.082(1) Å, and Z = 4. The structure consists of polyhedra with a La(III) ion in the center of them and hexamethylene molecules, which link these polyhedra. Each La(III) ion coordinates seven molecules of water and two thiocyanate ions via nitrogen atoms. The IR and Raman spectra, which have been obtained and interpreted, are in good agreement with X-ray results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022846402229
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and crystal structures of the Ce(IV) β-diketonates, [Ce(tmhd)4] and [Ce(pmhd)4] (tmhd =2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate and pmhd = 1-phenyl-5-methylhexane-1,3-dionate) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cerium(IV) ; β-diketonate ; volatility ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cerium(IV) β-diketonate compounds [Ce(β-diket)4] [where β-diket = tmhd (2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) 1, pmhd (1-phenyl-5-methylhexane-1,3-dionate) 2] were prepared by reacting cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate [CAN; Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6] with the respective Na(β-diket) compound in ethanol, and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ with a = 12.472(4), b = 19.972(5), c = 21.436(3) Å, α = 97.05(7), β = 90.16(2), γ = 106.55(3)°, V = 5076(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. with a = 14.817(6), b = 17.123(6), c = 19.146(3) Å, β = 105.46(4)°, V = 4682(3) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Crystals of 1 contain two independent [Ce(tmhd)4] molecules, with four chelating tmhd ligands bonded to each metal in a distorted dodecahedral arrangement; the cerium atom in 2 is also bonded to four chelating pmhd ligands but in this case the coordination geometry is closer to square antiprism. Both complexes are air and moisture stable. Sublimation studies reveal that 1 sublimes almost quantitatively, while 2 is comparatively involatile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021897102260
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular structure and spectral characteristics of bis(S-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methylendithiocarbazato)nickel(II), (Ni(NNS)2) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 871-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Nickel(II) complex ; crystal structure ; Schiff base
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A nickel(II) complex of the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (HNNS) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic, space P21/c, with a = 14.092(2), b = 16.886(2), c = 8.857(2)Å; β = 105.78(3) °, V = 2028.2(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated by two uninegatively charged tridentate Schiff base in a mer-configuration via the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom, and mecaptide sulfur atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022842301321
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benztropine mesylate: crystal structure and kinetics of dehydration (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 885-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Benztropine mesylate ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis ; dehydration kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of benztropine mesylate has been determined. It is orthorhombic, Pbca, with a = 12. 885(8)Å, b = 32.012(9)Å, and c = 10.027(3) Å. It exhibits similar packing to that seen in the previously reported crystal structure of benztropine mesylate monhydrate. X-ray powder diffraction patterns have been used to identify the anhydrous and monohydrate forms. The dehydration of the monohydrate follows a first-order reaction mechanism with activation energy of 92(8) kJ mol−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022898419067
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic characterization of [Cd(NO3)2(15-Crown-5)] and [Cd(NO3)2(18-Crown-6)] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cadmium ; crown ether ; 15-crown-5 ; 18-crown-6 ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6 in 3:1 (v/v) CH3CN:CH3OH with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O followed by slow evaporation produces [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] or [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)]. Crystals of [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] are orthorhombic with space group Pbca and cell parameters a = 13.562(5), b = 15.941(9), and c = 15.011(7) Å at 295 K. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 11.235(2), b = 11.196(5), c = 15.385(3) Å, and β = 99.89(2)° at 295 K. The metal center in [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] rests atop the macrocyclic donor array with two cis-bound nitrate anions and adopts a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] resides on an equatorial two-fold rotation axis with Cd2+ coordinated in the 18-crown-6 cavity and the nitrate anions oriented in twisted trans positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023239921542
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal and molecular structure of (−)—Crinine (C16H17NO3) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 577-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: (−)—Crinine ; Pancratium ; alkaloid ; Amaryllidaceae ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract (−)—Crinine, C16H17NO3, is an alkaloid extracted from the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae). The compound crystallizes in the space group P212121 with cell dimensions a = 6.040(1), b = 12.382(1), c = 17.861(2) Å, with Z = 4. The molecule has five rings and an OH group. The N-containing, five-membered ring and the D ring have envelope conformations. The A and B rings have distorted chair and half-chair conformations, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023256425176
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of 2,2,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane tetracarbonyl tungsten(0) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Metal carbonyl complexes ; chelate complexes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray crystal structure of the complex η2-PDOW(CO)4 (five-membered ring, PDO = 2, 2, 4, 7, 7-pentamethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane) is reported. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, [#14] with unit cell parameters a = 14.002(14) Å, b = 9.340(10) Å, c = 15.094(12) Å, β = 92.67(4)°, V = 1972(3) Å3; Z = 4. The arrangement of the ligands around the metal atom is distorted from octahedral geometry. Large C–O bond distances and short W–C bond distances of the carbonyl groups located at a trans position with respect to PDO is indicative of a trans influence. The W–S(1) and W–S(2) bond distances of 2.545(3) and 2.545(2) Å, respectively, are shorter than observed for closely related complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022478528825
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of tris(triphenylsiloxy)borane·triphenylsilanol (1:1) adduct (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Triphenylsiloxy ; silanol ; borane ; crystal structure ; adduct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ , with a = 14.458(6), b = 14.630(5), c = 14.721(8) Å, α = 79.75(2), β = 80.11(3), γ = 80.50(3)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of (Ph3SiO)3B and Ph3SiOH linked by an weak B···(silanol) acceptor-donor bond, additionally stabilized by OH(silanol)···O(siloxy) hydrogen bonds. The average B–O, Si–O distances and B–O–Si angle are 1.369, 1.649 Å and 137.2°, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021849219098
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    17α-acetoxy-17β-methyl-16β-phenyl-D-homo-4,6-pregnadiene-3,17a-dione: synthesis and crystal structure determination of a new rearranged pregnane derivative (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Steroid ; pregnadiene ; x-ray diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound is C29H34O4, tetragonal, P43, a = b = 10.310(1), c = 23.871(2)Å. The A, B, C, and D rings adopt envelope, half-chair, chair, and distorted chair conformations, respectively. The phenyl ring is planar. The methyl substituents at the A/B, C/D, and at C(17) are axial; and the –OCOCH3 group at C(17) and phenyl ring at C(16) are equatorial. The molecules in the crystal are held together by van der Waals forces and several C–H···O hydrogen bond interactions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021729007943
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, absolute configuration, and conformation of the antimalarial compound, Artemisinin (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 539-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Antimalarial ; crystal structure ; peroxy bridge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the antimalarial compound Artemisinin (formerly known as Qinghaosu), C15H22O5 has been determined by direct methods. Crystals are orthorhombic colorless needles, space group P212121, Z = 4. D c = 1.299 g cm −3, with unit cell parameters a = 6.3543(9), b = 9.439(3), c= 24.066(4) Å. The molecule incorporates a fused ring system containing a six-membered ring C which includes an oxygen bridge and a peroxy-bridge. The ring C has a distorted boat conformation and the C - O - O - C torsion angle is 47.8(2)°. Rings A and D have symmetrical chair and distorted chair conformations, repectively. Ring junctions A/B, A/D, and C/D are cis, junction B/D is trans. All inter-molecular contacts are van der Waals. The absolute configuration of Artemisinin was determined from the refined value of the Flack x parameter. [The atomic coordinates given in a previous structure analysis, “Crystal Structure and Absolute Configuration of Qinghaosu,” Qinghaosu Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Academica Sinica, Scientia Sinica, Vol. XXIII No. 3, 380 (1980), do not display the molecule in its absolute configuration.]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023244122450
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  • 16
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    Cluster Complexes of Polythioether Macrocycles: The Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Ru6(CO)13(cis-SCH2 CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ6-C) and Ru6(CO)13(trans-SCH2 CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ6-C) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; thioether macrocycle ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of a mixture of cis-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, cis-Me312S3, 1 and trans-3,7,11-trimethyl-l,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, trans-Me312S3, 2, with Ru6(CO)17(μ 6-C), 3, yielded three new cluster compounds Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 4, and two isomers of Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 5a and 5b. The molecular structures of 4 and 5b were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In both complexes, the macrocycles have adopted tridentate coordination with one of the sulfur atoms in a bridging position. Two carbonyl ligands occupy bridging positions in each compound. Crystal Data for 4·Me2CO: space group=P21/n, a=11.295(1) Å, b=17.547(3) Å, c=20.318(3) Å, β=93.71(1)°, Z=4, 2900 reflections, R=0.025. Crystal Data for 5b·1.5 C6H6: space group=Pbca, a=31.8900(8) Å, b=23.4330(6) Å, c=21.6240(4) Å, Z=16, 12163 reflections, R=0.040.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022681523508
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The First New Hydrogen-Bonded Heterohexanuclear Complex [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2: Molecular and Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Mixed-metal cluster ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, magnetic properties, and crystal structure of [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2 via hydrogen bonding are described [salen=N,N′-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminate)]. Crystals are triclinic, of space group $$\rm P\bar 1$$ , with cell constants a=12.853(3), b=13.921(3), c=14.251(3) Å, α=68.68(3)°, β=87.86(3)°, γ=86.82(3)°, and Z=1. The structure was solved and refined to R=0.064 and R′=0.068. The structure comprises the hexanuclear units which result from the linking of four mononuclear fragments [(salen)Cu] and two mononuclear fragment [(salen)Fe(H2O)]+, through Cu -O ⋯ H -O -Fe -O -H ⋯ O -Cu hydrogen bonds of coordinating H2O. In this complex, FeIII ions are in almost square-planar surroundings. The temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibilities of the complex have been studied in the 4.2–300 K range, indicating the presence of an antiferromagnetic interactions between metal ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021990516837
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  • 18
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    Direct Evidence for Metal Triangle Mobility within a Relatively Rigid Ligand Polytope: Dynamic Disorder in the X-Ray Crystal Structures of Ru3(CO)11(L), L=CN t Bu, PMe3, and Ru3(CO)9{P(OMe)3}3 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 505-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Dynamic disorder ; crystal structure ; ruthenium cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The disorder in the X-ray crystal structures of Ru3(CO)11(L), L=CN t Bu 1 and PMe3 3 has been re-examined. Crystallographic data for 1 at 100 K: C16H9NO11Ru3, space group P21/n, a=11.796(5), b=11.748(2), c=16.040(7) Å, β=109.81(3)°, Z=4, 6077 reflections, R=0.028. For 3 at 223 K: C14H9O11PRu3, space group P21/n, a=8.5971(15), b=12.391(7), c=40.345(8) Å, β=94.43(2)°, Z=8, 7966 reflections, R=0.031. The disorder present in 1 and 3 at room temperature disappears reversibly on cooling, showing that it is dynamic in origin. The ligator atoms of the isonitrile and phosphine ligands move by a maximum of ∼0.8 Å, indicating that the whole cluster does not rotate intact within the crystal lattice, but rather that the Ru3 triangle effectively oscillates within a relatively rigid ligand polyhedron. The crystal structure of Ru3(CO)9{P(OMe)3 3} 7, which crystallizes in triclinic (7-t) and monoclinic (7-m) modifications is also reported. Both modifications have two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, and both modifications display dynamic disorder in the metal framework. Crystalllographic data for 7-t at 173 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P-1, a=11.8085(18), b=15.915(2), c=17.350(3) Å, α=99.929(14), β=101.811(14), γ=90.630(12)°, Z=4, 11242 reflections, R=0.048. For 7-m at 120 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P21/c, a=11.708(8), b=15.922(5), c=33.950(10) Å, β=99.29(4), Z=8, 10191 reflections, R=0.027.
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  • 19
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    Electroless deposition of Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys using dimethylamineborane as a reducing agent (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electroless Ni–Co–B alloy ; dimethylamineborane ; complexing agent ; deposition rate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fundamental aspects of electroless Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys have been systematically examined. The composition, crystal structure and deposition rate of the alloys were determined as a function of the concentration of reducing agent (dimethylamineborane) and complexing agents (tartrate, citrate, malonate and succinic acid), bath pH and Ni2+/Co2+ ratio. Changes in the deposition rate and metallurgical features of the alloys induced by the change in plating parameters are discussed, based on electrochemical polarization data and the formation enthalpy of the nickel and cobalt borides.
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  • 20
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    Structural and magnetic properties of a syn-anti carboxylate bridged one-dimensional copper(II) complex with ferromagnetic exchange interaction (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 771-777 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Copper ; 1,10-phenanthroline ; trifluoroacetate ; crystal structure ; magnetic exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Cu(phen)(O2CCF3)2]n (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 19.229(7), b = 11.281(5), c = 7.621(2) Å, β = 104.305(12)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure is polymeric, being built from infinite zigzag chains of trifluoroacetate bridged copper(II), with the phenanthroline ligands being stacked between the chains. The variable-temperature (13–300 K) magnetic susceptibility and ESR data are reported and a weak ferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed with the exchange parameter estimated as J = 2.9 cm−1.
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  • 21
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    Crystal structure of chloro(dicarbonyl) bis(acetonitrile) (π-2-methallyl) molybdenum(II) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 839-841 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: π-allyl ; carbonyl ; nitrile ; chloro ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic spacegroup P21/m with a = 6.796(9), b = 12.145(14), c = 7.749(8)Å, β = 101.86(1)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of [MoCl(CO)2(NCMe)2(η3-C3H4Me-2)] with crystallographically imposed Cs symmetry and has a pseudo-octahedral geometry, with the π-allyl group trans- to the chloro group and the two cis-carbonyl and acetonitrile groups occupying the equatorial plane.
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  • 22
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    The true nature of a complex of 1,10-phenanthroline with the ammonium ion; crystal structure of bis-phenanthrolineprotium perchlorate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 611-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,10-Phenanthroline ; bis-phenanthrolineprotium ; adduct ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Herzog's reported bis-1,10-phenanthrolineammonium perchlorate, [(phen)2(NH4)](ClO4) is in fact the known 2:1 adduct of l,10-phenanthroline (phen) with perchloric acid, [(phen)2H](CIO4). Its crystal structure, mode of formation, and properties are described. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group with $$P\bar 1$$ , a = 7.2510(8), b = 13.120(2), c = 22.083(12) Å, α = 77.4550(12), β = 84.45(2), γ = 82.204(14)°, V = 2026.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.510 g cm−3. It contains cationic columns of alternating 1,10-phenanthroline and its conjugate acid.
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  • 23
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    Crystal structure of the cytotoxic marine alkaloid 2-bromoleptoclinidinone (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 645-648 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone ; marine alkaloid ; cytotoxic ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone methanol solvate, C18H8BrN3O·CH4O, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 15.7013(2), b = 7.3308(1), and c = 26.9326(1) Å. The molecule is essentially planar, with the largest deviations occurring at bromine (−0.21 Å), carbonyl oxygen O(l) (+0.19 Å) and in ring-A (C(9) −0.15 Å, C(10) −0.15 Å). Methanol occupies the 1,10-phenanthroline-like metal binding site of the title compound.
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  • 24
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    Synthesis and crystal structure of N 12-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N 1,N 1-diethy1-1,12-diaminododecane (AQ-40) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 925-929 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Quinoline ; chloroquine ; antimalarial ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of N12-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N 1,N 1-diethyl-1,12-diaminododecane, AQ-40, was accomplished by a five-step process in 80% overall yield from 12-aminododecanoic acid and 4,7-dichloroquinoline. AQ-40 crystallizes as a monohydrate from reagent grade chloroform/ diethyl ether mixtures in the triclinc space group P-1 with a = 8.667(2), b = 8.9425(10), c = 17.217(3) Å, α = 99.34(1), β = 99.89(2), γ = 91.56(1)°, V = 1295.0 Å3 and Z = 2. The l2-(N 1,N 1-diethylamino)dodecyl side chain is in the fully extended conformation and the water molecule forms hydrogen bonds to the two tertiary nitrogen atoms as well as with the secondary amino group. The nitrogen of the secondary amino group bound to the four-position of the quinoline moiety is virtually planar. This together with the rather short C–N distance of 1.347(3) Å to the quinoline moiety suggests involvement of the lone pair on this nitrogen with the π system of the ring.
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  • 25
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    Molecular structure of trans-[Co(NH3)4(NH2CH3)Cl](ClO4)2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 69-72 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Co(III) complex ; crystal structure ; kinetics ; steric effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with a = 7.9209(5), b = 9.818(1), c = 16.867(2) Å, and Z = 4. The structure was solved employing 1864 independent x-ray reflections with I〉2σ(I) by Patterson and difference Fourier techniques and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R = 0.036. The trans-[CO(NH3)4(NH2CH3)Cl](ClO4)2 molecule is on a crystallographic mirror plane. The cobalt ion is in an elongated octahedral coordination with four equatorial ammonia ligands [average Co–N distance equal to 1.966(2) Å], an axial methylamine [Co–N=1.965(3)Å], and an axial chlorine ion [Co–Cl=2.2771(9)Å]. Kinetic steric effects of the complex are interpreted in terms of structural results.
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  • 26
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    Crystal structure of NH3(CH2)2NH3BiCl5·2H2O (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 209-212 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bismuth ; crystal structure ; inorganic polymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ethylenediammonium pentachlorobismuthate(III) dihydrate salt is monoclinic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 10.902(8)Å, b = 7.926(6)Å, c = 15.199(6)Å, β = 96.40(1)°, space group P21/n with Z = 4. The structure shows a layer arrangement parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis: planes of the [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra alternate with planes of [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ dications. The [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra are connected through O(W)–H··· Cl hydrogen bonds, so that infinite unidimensional chains of composition [Bi2Cl10(H2O)2] n 4n− are formed in the structure parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis. These chains are themselves interconnected by means of the N–H···Cl bonds originating from the [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ entities, forming a three-dimensional network.
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  • 27
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    The synthesis and X-ray structure of [Sr2(OSiPh3)4(NH3)5]·0.5C7H8 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 221-226 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Strontium ; triphenylsiloxy ; crystal structure ; ammonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title complex [Sr2(OSiPh3)4(NH3)5]·0.5C7H8 was prepared by the reaction of strontium metal granules with triphenylsilanol in an ammoniacal-toluene solution at −40°C. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 14.465(3), b = 20.715 (6), c = 25.199(6) Å, β = 95.98(2)°, and Z = 4. The complex has a dimeric structure with one terminal and three bridging triphenylsiloxy ligands, the remaining coordination sites being occupied by five ammonia molecules. The central Sr2O4N5 moiety adopts a distorted M2X9 face-sharing bioctahedral arrangement.
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  • 28
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    Crystal structure of mixed rubidium–ammonium hydrogen sulfate Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 at room temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 335-338 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Mixed rubidium–ammonium acid sulfate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 has been determined by X-ray analysis. The mixed compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 14.374(6) Å, b = 4.618(6) Å, c = 14.412(2) Å, β = 118.03(2)°, V = 844.4(4) Å3, and D cal = 1.536 g cm−3 for Z = 8. The mixed compound Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 is a chain-based structure. The Rb+ and NH4 + cations are intercalated between chains, formed of HSO4 - groups linked with OH⋯O hydrogen-bonding. Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 presents a new type of structural arrangement different from those of pure RbHSO4 and NH4HSO4.
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  • 29
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    The crystal and molecular structures of isoperezone, aminoperezone, and isoaminoperezone: a comparative study of their crystal packing (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 529-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-[1,5-Dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-3-amino-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of isoperezone (1), aminoperezone (2), and isoaminoperezone (3) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (1) yields orange crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.271(6), b = 30.373(7), c = 7.257(1) Å, and Z = 4; compound (2) yields purple crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.498(3), b = 7.500(1) c = 29.200(6) Å, and Z = 4; compound (3) yields purple crystals, monoclinic space group P21 with unit cell dimensions a = 7.354(1), b = 7.511(1), c = 13.283(1) Å, β = 102,07(1)°, and Z = 2. The side chains in (1)–(3) are oriented out of the plane of the quinone ring at an angle of 124, 144, and 97°, respectively. The molecules in the crystal are held together by hydrogen-bonding networks and van der Waals interactions.
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  • 30
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    Crystal structure of [WI2(CO)3{P(OMe)3}2] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 639-643 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; carbonyl ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WI2(CO)3{P(OMe)3}2]crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21, with a = 26.924(5), b = 10.726(2), c = 14.136(3) Å, and Z = 8. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the metal atoms in each case being seven-coordinate with a capped fac-(CO)3 octahedral geometry. The molecular dimensions in the two molecules are nearly identical. The W–P distance to the capping atom 2.397 Å (average) is significantly shorter than the other W–P distance, 2.525 Å (average).
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    Asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions: X-ray structures of three novel chiral dihydropyrimidines (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Pyrimidine ; carboxamide ; sulfonyl ; chiral ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three novel dihydropyrimidine compounds N8,6-di(4-nitrophenyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (2), N8,6-di((4-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-5-oxo-(7R)-phenyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2,c]pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (3) and N8,6-di ((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (4) have been prepared (from 2-amino-1-butanol of 64.4% e.e.) and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. All three compounds contain stereogenic centers, but the crystal of (2) chosen was found to be racemic whilst those of (3) and (4) were found to be homochiral. Compound (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 17.958(4), b = 12.431(2), c = 9.653(2) Å, β = 96.20(3)°, U = 2142.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.449 g cm−3. Compounds (3) and (4) both crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21, with a = 9.349(2), b = 5.824(5), c = 26.513(8) Å, β = 99.43(2)°, U = 1424.1(13) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.389 g cm−3 for (3), and a = 5.9526(9), b = 16.3521(10), c = 13.2263(11) Å, β = 92.81(12)°, U = 1285.9(2) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.378 g cm−3 for (4).
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    The synthesis and crystallographic characterization of the heterotrimetallic linear complex [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 713-716 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Heterotrimetallic sulfido cluster ; linear ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex Cu(PPh3)3I reacts with [Et4N]2MoS4 and FeBr2 to give the heterotrimetallic complexes [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1). [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 13.537(4), b = 15.316(4), c = 12.381(4) Å, α = 105.16(2), β = 93.27(3), γ = 101.18(2)°, and V = 2415.0(12) Å3 for Z = 2. The three metal atoms of the structure [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) are nearly distributed along a line, where three metal atoms (Mo, Cu, Fe) are each in an approximate tetrahedral coordination, the lengths Mo-Fe and Mo-Cu distances are 2.772(2) and 2.798(2) Å, respectively.
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  • 33
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    [CaSb2(EDTA)2(H2O)8]n: synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal behavior (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 447-452 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bimetallic EDTA complex ; crystal structure ; antimony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of a new EDTA complex, [CaSb2(EDTA)2(H2O)8]n, are reported. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 7.132(1) Å, b = 21.893(3) Å, c = 10.891(2) Å, β = 91.15(2)°. Sb(EDTA) entities are connected through carboxylate bridges to the calcium atoms resulting in layers parallel to the (101) plane. These layers are linked through a weak Sb···O bond (3.171 Å). Pyrolysis of this complex under sulfur vapor, between 400 and 800°C, leads to a mixture of the monometallic sulfides. Pyrolysis in air above 700°C allows the easy preparation of the mixed oxide CaSb2O6.
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    Crystal structure of (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphosphaferrocen-2-yl) carboxylic acid and its bis-[W(CO)5] complex·0.5C5H12: Conformation of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 621-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1-1′-Diphosphaferrocene conformation ; P···P secondary bonding ; bis-[W(CO)5](l,l′-diphosphaferrocene system) ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphosphaferrocen-2-yl)carboxylic acid (1) and its bis-[W(CO)5] pentane solvate complex (2) have been determined by X-ray analysis. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21 /n space group with Z = 4; a = 7.8404(9), b = 14.9441(16), c = 11.7730(14) Å, β = 92.773(10)°, V = 1377.8(3) Å3, and Dcalc = 1.553 g cm−3. The compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic $$P\bar 1$$ space group with two complex molecules and one pentane molecule in the unit cell. Cell parameters: a = 10.7070(2), b = 12.577(2), c = 13.239(3) Å, α = 84.00(2), β = 77.58(1), γ = 66.06(1)°, V = 1591.0(5) Å3, and Dcalc = 2.100 g cm−3 .The fully eclipsed conformation of the phospholyl rings with P···P secondary bonding of 3.353(1) Å is observed in 1 and a partially eclipsed conformation is found in 2. The 10 possible conformations of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes were described as the function of conformational parameter θ and observed geometry of the phospholyl rings.7 We suppose that the earlier conclusions concerning the destabilizing nature of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocene conformations with θ 〈 100° cannot be considered as general. The mode of W – P coordination, the structural changes of 1 by W(CO)5 coordination, the structural effect of phospholyl rings substitution by the –COOH group, and hydrogen bonds are analyzed.
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  • 35
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    Crystal structure of [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]PF6 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 635-638 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cobalt(II) ; 2-aminobenzenethiol ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cobalt-thiolato-phosphite complex [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]PF6 has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 10.590(4), b = 11.122(3), c = 13.577(5) Å, α = 101.85(1), β = 108.50(1), γ = 101.75(1)°, V = 1420.6(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure comprises discrete [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]+ cations and PF 6 − anions where the metal atom is coordinated in a highly distorted square-pyramidal environment by one chelate o-SC6H4NH 2 − (abt) and two P(OMe)3 ligands in the basal positions, and a third P(OMe)3 in the axial site with Co–N,, 1.847(5), Co–S, 2.166(2), Co–P, 2.157(2), 2.147(2), and 2.125(2) Å.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022417127336
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    Crystal Structure of the Sought-After Tetrameric [(PDBP)AgCl]4 Cluster (PDBP=5-Phenyldibenzophosphole) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Silver cluster ; crystal structure ; tetrameric cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The sought-after member of the [(PDBP) n AgX] m (n, m=1,4; 2,2; 3,1; PDBP=5-Phenyldibenzophosphole, X=halides) series, the tetrameric [(PDBP)AgCl]4 cluster has been prepared and structurally characterized. The [P4Ag4Cl4] cluster core of [(PDBP)AgCl]4 bears striking similarity to that of [(Ph3P)AgCl]4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021950902725
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    Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum: Genomic characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
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    Identification of Taxa in the Genus shape Beta using ITS1 Sequence Information (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
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    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007416817736
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    The taxonomic impediment in orthopteran research and conservation (1998)
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    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
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    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633811789
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    Crystal, Molecular, and Electronic Structure of 1-Acetyl-indoline and Derivatives (1998)
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 9 (1998), S. 365-373 
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    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: 1-Acetyl-indoline ; crystal structure ; electronic structure ; AM1 calculation ; CI calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of the following molecules have been determined: 1-acetyl-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-nitro-indoline, l-acetyl-5-nitro-7-bromo-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitroindoline, and l-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitro-indol. Molecular orbital calculations are performed for these compounds and two related species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022419111660
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    Supramolecular Structure Formed from H-Bonding of Ferrocenyl Carbonyl Propanoic Acid and 4,4'-Bipyridine (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular engineering 8 (1998), S. 25-29 
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    ISSN: 1572-8951
    Keywords: hydrogen bond ; ferrocenyl carbonyl proanoic ; supermolecule ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Selective recognition in the title compound, (C14H14FeO3)2 ċ (C10H8N2), between ferrocenyl carbonyl propanoic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine through strong O–-HċN intermolecular hydrogen bonds results in a novel supramolecular architecture. Its crystal structure has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods while its characterization has been studied by IR and DSC.
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    Molecular Structure of a Chromatographic Chiral Selector Based on a Terguride Derivative (1998)
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 9 (1998), S. 39-45 
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    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Enantioselective chromatographic technique ; chiral selector ; ergot alkaloid derivative ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of (+)1-(3-allylpropyl)-(5R,8S,10R)-N,N-diethyl-N′-[6-methylergolin-8-yl]urea, C22H33N4O (allyl-terguride), has been determined as part of a study on the chiral recognition mechanism of ergot alkaloids when they are used as the chiral stationary phase for the separation of racemic mixtures in liquid chromatographic methods. At the pH of the solution used for the crystallization, the molecules of allyl-terguride are protonated at N(6). All bond distances and angles are in the expected ranges. In the asymmetric unit one hydroxide ion is present. Hydrogen bonds join molecules of allyl-terguride in pairs along the b axis, connecting O(2) of the hydroxide ion to O(1) of one molecule and to N(2) and N(6) of another.
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    Influence of Taxonomy, Ecology, and Seasonality in River Stage on Fish Contamination Risks in Floodplain Swamps of the Lower Mississippi River (1998)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 7 (1998), S. 325-334 
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    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: contamination risks ; fish ; Mississippi River ; ecological factors ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We compared contamination levels in fish from contaminated and uncontaminated floodplain swamps of the lower Mississippi River to assess differences in contamination risks between swamps, across different taxonomic and ecological groupings of fishes within and between swamps, and with seasonality in river stage. Fish tissue levels of inorganic contaminants were substantially lower than environmental levels in both swamps, suggesting either that fish were not uptaking these contaminants, or they were effectively eliminating the contaminants from their bodies. Tissue levels of organic contaminants were high relative to environmental levels, suggesting that these contaminants were bioaccumulating. Organic contaminants were significantly higher in fish from the contaminated swamp (Devil's Swamp) than in fish from a reference swamp up river (Tunica Swamp). Because the organic contaminants were largely confined to sediments, we expected bottom-oriented fishes to have higher concentrations than pelagic fishes. Assuming that uptake was primarily through the food chain, we expected top predators to exhibit higher concentrations than low-level consumers. We also expected year- round swamp residents to exhibit higher accumulations than more transitory users of backswamp habitat. However, organic contaminant levels did not differ in the directions expected for any of these groupings. We did observe differences in organic contaminant levels within and between swamps for different taxonomic groupings of fishes (species and genera). Some taxa occupying low to middle positions in the food web (e.g., gizzard shad, Lepomis spp.) exhibited higher concentrations than taxa near the top of the food web. Within Devil's Swamp, organic contaminant levels were significantly higher at low river stage, when fish were confined to the swamp, than at high river stage, when fish were free to move between the river and the swamp. We caught more species and more fish per unit effort in Devil's Swamp than in Tunica Swamp, contrary to expectations if contaminants in the former were negatively impacting population and community structure. Species richness differences between swamps were a consequence of catch differences, with higher catch corresponding to inclusion of more rare species. The lower catch in Tunica Swamp may have resulted from physical modifications of its waterways to support agriculture and hunting. The results of this study underscore the importance in factoring information on the taxonomy and ecology of organisms, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions, into assessments of contamination risks.
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    Role of MnO on the Mullitization Behavior of Al2 O3-SiO2 Gels (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 987-990 
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    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: mullite ; MnO ; crystal structure ; electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ; sol-gel chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gels were synthesized from solutions of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminium nitrate (with and without manganese nitrate). The structural evolution of the gels as a function of manganese content and heat-treatment temperature was studied by visible spectrophotometry (VIS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the presence of manganese can induce mullitization at lower temperatures. However, the effect of manganese depends on its content and how it enters into the mullite structure.
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    Accuracy of Secondary Structure and Solvent Accessibility Predictions for a Clostridial Neurotoxin C-Fragment (1998)
    Springer
    The protein journal 17 (1998), S. 311-318 
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    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Artificial neural network ; crystal structure ; statistics ; tetanus toxin ; botulinum neurotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Earlier studies used Rost and Sander's artificial neural network [(1993a), J. Mol. Biol. 232, 584–599] to predict the secondary structures [Lebeda and Olson (1994), Proteins 20, 293–300] and residue solvent accessibilities [Lebeda and Olson (1997), J. Protein Chem. 16, 607–618] of the clostridial neurotoxins. Because the X-ray crystal structure of the 50-kDa C-terminal half of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin was recently determined, this report evaluates the accuracy of these network-derived predictions. For this predominantly β-strand-containing fragment, predictions, on a per-residue basis, for both secondary structure and solvent accessibility were about 70% accurate. A more flexible and realistic analysis based on overlapping segments yielded accuracies of over 80% for the three-state secondary structure and for the two-state accessibility predictions. Because the accuracies of these predictions are comparable to those made by Rost and Sander using a dataset of 126 nonhomologous globular proteins, our predictions provide a quantitative foundation for gauging the results when building by homology the structures of related proteins.
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    Morphology and molecular phylogeny ofTretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 21-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Aphyllophorales ; ribosomalDNA ; synnematous hyphomycete ; taxonomy ; Tretopileus sphaerophorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tretopileus sphaerophorus, a synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinities was newly isolated from the decaying petiole and peduncle ofCocos nucifera collected in Depok, Indonesia. The species produced first a bulbil as a propagule on the top of a synnema. After the bulbil had fallen, the synnema proliferated about seven times to produce new bulbils, each time making conspicuous nodes at the upper part. By careful morphological observation, clamp connections were confirmed on the hyphae in the specimens and culture. In culture, each hyphal cell with or without a clamp was found to be dikaryotic by DAPI nuclear staining. Germination of the bulbils occurred first from projecting hyphal tips on their upper surface, which have been treated as germ pores. The inner structure of the bulbils, the hyaline mucus of the bulbils, and conidium-like hyphal fragments were also examined. Phylogenetically,T. sphaerophorus was inferred to be related to the Aphyllophorales based on the nuclear encoded small subunit (18S) rDNA using the homology search system (FASTA) and the neighbour-joining method.
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    The order phyllachorales: Taxonomic review (1998)
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 97-104 
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    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Loculoascomycetes ; phyllachoraceae ; phyllachorales ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The order Phyllachorales contains ascomycetous fungi of considerable economic importance. The group is represented mostly by foliar parasites which produce perithecia under a clypeus, inside a stroma, or do not produce any stromatic tissue. A major taxonomic problem with this order is the lack of reliable morphological characters that clearly delimit the entire group. The main purpose of this review is to provide a clear picture of the taxonomic relationships of the order Phyllachorales, along with a key to the most important genera in the family Phyllachoraceae.
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    On some species ofMycogloea (1998)
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    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 31-36 
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    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Mycogloea ; Platygloea ; Platygloeaceae ; Platygloeales ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three new species ofMycogloea are described and illustrated; they are:M. amethystina from Canada,M. nipponica, from Japan, andM. bullata from Thailand.Mycogloea tahitiensis is reported from Japan and additional undescribed taxa in the genus are briefly noted. Some characteristics of the genus are discussed, and a key is provided for six species recognized at this time.
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    Phylogenetic relationships betweenVicia faba (Fabaceae) and related species inferred from chloroplasttrnL sequences (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 212 (1998), S. 247-259 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; trnL intron ; PCR-sequencing ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chloroplasttrnL intron from 46 differentVicia accessions, representing five of the nine sections of the genusVicia subg.Vicia sensuMaxted (1991a) were amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers homologous to conserved regions intrnL. The products fell into two distinct groups; those of approximately 250 nt and those of around 450 nt in length. Of these, products from 17 differentVicia species were cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Multiple alignments were assembled and phylogenetic trees constructed by the weighted least-squares distance method. ALathyrus latifolius trnL intron sequence was used as an outgroup. The resulting trees clearly group and separate the sectt.Narbonensis, Bithynica andFaba species but were less able to distinguish species from sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. Based on these sequence data,V. faba appears to be more distant from sect.Narbonensis than sectt.Hypechusa andPeregrinae. The results are in general agreement with a recent treatment ofVicia subg.Vicia (Maxted 1993) and lend further support to placingV. faba in the monospecific sect.Faba.
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    Isoenzyme variation in the wild relatives ofVicia faba (Fabaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 173-186 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Bithynicae ; sect.Narbonensis ; Allozymes ; genetic diversity ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic analysis of five enzyme systems, LAP, PGI, SKDH, SOD and 6-PGDH, among 102Vicia accessions representingV. bithynica and seven species of theV. narbonensis complex, namelyV. eristalioides, V. kalakhensis, V. johannis, V. galilaea, V. serratifolia, V. narbonensis andV. hyaeniscyamus, has been performed. The recorded variation was tentatively assigned to 41 allelic genes at eight loci; intraspecific variation was observed in all species except forV. eristalioides. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding data reported earlier forV. faba. Hierarchical grouping of the investigated taxa, includingV. faba, was based onNei's genetic identities calculated from the allozyme frequency data.Vicia faba andV. bithynica were shown to be most distantly related to one another and to the remaining species investigated.Vicia serratifolia appeared to be a peripheral member of theV. narbonensis complex. The results are discussed with reference to genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships of the species under study.
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    Comparison of PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region with morphological criteria of various strains of Dunaliella (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 573-580 
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    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Dunaliella ; ITS ; PCR ; RFLP ; strains ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genus Dunaliella comprises 28 species defined primarily by morphological and physiological criteria, which vary considerably depending on growth conditions. Concomitantly, the taxonomic status of various species is uncertain. To confirm the taxonomic identity and to better understand the relationship within Dunaliella, seven taxa ( D. salina, D. bardawil, D. tertiolecta, D. parva, D. viridis, D. lateralis, D. peircei) were compared using RFLP analysis of the nuclear rDNA repeats, specifically the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8S rRNA gene. Volvox aureus was used as an outgroup. A single ITS PCR amplification product was obtained for each taxon. An ITS fragment of ca. 640 bp was present in all the taxa within the subgenus Dunaliella, except for D. salina CCMP 1303 (ca. 540 bp) and D. lateralis (subgenus Pascheria) (ca. 600 bp). A cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of bands generated by digestion of the PCR product with 8 restriction endonucleases (DpnI, HhaI, EcoRI, PvuII, TaqI, HaeIII, MspI, StyI) revealed no correlation between the genetic relationship inferred from the ITS-RFLP data and the morpho-physiological attributes used for taxonomy. In addition, differences in morphology, physiology and in the length and restriction fragment patterns of the ITS region of D. salina CCMP 1303 suggest that this strain does not belong to Dunaliella.
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    A new species ofCortinarius sect.Sericeocybe from Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 39 (1998), S. 333-335 
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    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: Cortinarius prunicola ; Cortinarius Sect.Sericeocybe ; new species ; Rosaceae ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cortinarius prunicola sp. nov., found in orchards and plantations ofPrunus mume, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its dry and violet-white carpophores, unpleasant odor, and its close association withP. mume in spring and early summer. The differences betweenC. prunicola and similar species are briefly discussed.
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    Taxonomic review of the species of Pterocladia (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 237-251 
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    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Gelidiales ; Gelidiella ; Gelidium ; Pterocladia ; Pterocladiella ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segregating Pterocladiella from Pterocladia stimulated new taxonomic studies of the species originally assigned to Pterocladia. A total of 28 species are ascribed to the genus, one of them with doubts. Thirteen of the 27 names are synonyms. Three of the remaining 14 species belong with Gelidium, including G. americanum, G. mcnabbianum (Dawson) comb. nov. and G. musciformis. Seven other species belong with Pterocladiella, including P. bartlettii (Taylor) comb. nov., P. bulbosa, P. caerulescens, P. caespitosa (Kylin) comb. nov., P. caloglossoides (Howe) comb. nov., P. capillacea and P. melanoidea. Two species are retained in Pterocladia, the type P. lucida and P. rectangularis. Two others, P. heteroplatos and P. media are placed in incertae sedis as additional studies of fertile materials are needed to determine their generic status. The genus Pterocladia now appears to include two large-sized species restricted to Australia-New Zealand. Pterocladiella has 8 small-sized species (including P. minima), mainly inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. Future research documenting sexual reproduction in Gelidiella and solving the presently recognized heterogeneity in Gelidium will help to trace the relationships between Pterocladiella and these two genera.
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    Characterization of phenotypically distinct strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from Southwest Asia (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 477-487 
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    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: citrus bacterial canker ; detection ; epidemiology ; monoclonal antibodies ; variability ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees in several countries in southwest Asia. These strains produced typical erumpent bacterial canker lesions on Mexican lime but not on grapefruit (C. paradisi). Lesions on grapefruit were watersoaked and blister-like in contrast to the typical erumpent lesions seen after artificial inoculation with all described pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv. citri. This group of strains hydrolysed gelatin and casein and grew in the presence of 3% NaCl as is typical of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. RFLP analyses and DNA probe hybridization assays also gave results consistent with X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. Metabolic fingerprints prepared with the Biolog® system showed similarities as well as differences to X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. In spite of the physiological and genetic similarities to pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri, these strains had no or very little affinity for polyclonal antiserum prepared against any of the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv. citri and also did not react with monoclonal antibody A1, an antibody that detects all strains of pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri. These strains were also insensitive to bacteriophage Cp3 like X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A and unlike X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype B. We conclude that these strains, designated Xcc-A*, represent a variant of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype-A with pathogenicity limited to C. aurantifolia. The existence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic variation within pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri was unexpected and further complicates the systematics of this species.
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    Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Euglenophyta ; South America ; geographical distribution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A taxonomic revision of the Euglenophyta found exclusively in South America is presented. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and critical analysis of the synonyms are given. More than two hundred species and infraspecific entities from South America are described, many of them recorded several times in different regions. The genus Trachelomonas comprises the highest number of new taxa, reaching more than 100 entities. It is followed by Phacus (48 taxa), Strombomonas (33 taxa), Euglena (15 taxa) Lepocinclis (14 taxa), and Distigma, Entosiphon and Sphenomonas with one new taxon each.
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    A new species of Neocervinia (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cerviniidae) from the hyperbenthos of the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 165-175 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Neocervinia itoi ; Copepoda ; Harpacticoida ; taxonomy ; cold-seep ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of harpacticoid copepod, Neocervinia itoi (Cerviniidae), is described on the basis of females and copepodids collected from the Hatsushima cold-seep site in Sagami Bay, Japan. It is morphologically very close to its deep-sea congeners N. tenuicauda (Brotskaya, 1963) and N. unisetosa (Montagna, 1981). The new species differs primarily in the segmentation of the antennule and the endopod of both mandible and maxilliped, and in form and shape of the setae on leg 5. The presence of sensillar structures on the proximal part of the antennule is discussed. A key to the species of Neocervinia is presented.
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    Scientific Nomenclature of the Red Howlers from the Northeastern Amazon in Brazil, Venezuela, and the Guianas (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 19 (1998), S. 879-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: Alouatta seniculus ; taxonomy ; geographic distribution ; Guianas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytogenetic and morphological studies have begun to reexamine the taxonomy of the red howlers Alouatta seniculus which live throughout the northern and western Amazon basin, in the Guianas, and from northern Colombia and Venezuela, south to Bolivia. We briefly review the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy and distributions of red howlers, in particular, that of the Guianan subspecies. Recently, two names have been applied to populations from this region, Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, and Alouatta macconnelli Elliot, 1910. Allen (1911, 1916) unquestioningly accepted the validity of A. macconnelli from the Guyana coast, but most subsequent taxonomic revisions (Cruz Lima, 1945; Cabrera, 1957; Husson, 1978) have synonymized it with S. straminea. Tate (1939) and Hill (1962) listed Alouatta seniculus macconnelli, but both doubted its validity. Nevertheless, recent cytogenetic and morphological studies, without due consideration of the taxonomic history of the two scientific names, have led to the resurrection of A. macconnelli, as distinct from S. straminea. The use of the name Alouatta macconnelli has evidently arisen from a cursory reading of Hill (1962) or an uncritical interpretation of his provisional subspecific distribution map or both. There are also contradictory interpretations of a reciprocal translocation as indicating that Simia straminea and Alouatta macconnelli are separate species (Bonvicino et al., 1995) or the same subspecies (Sampaio et al., 1996). Doubts about the type locality of Simia straminea Humboldt, 1812, as given by Hill (1962), led us to research its original description and to conclude that Simia straminea is a synonym of Alouatta caraya and therefore unavailable for Alouatta seniculus. Before A. macconnelli is accepted as the next available name for the Guianan red howlers, however, we advocate a thorough review of Guianan, Venezuelan, and Colombian red howler subspeciation, with due consideration for the taxonomic status of Mycetes auratus and Mycetes laniger Gray, 1845. We note that Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) is a senior synonym of Alouatta fusca (Saint-Hilaire, 1812).
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    Evolutionary relationships in thePodalyrieae andLiparieae (Fabaceae) based on morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 209 (1998), S. 1-31 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Podalyrieae ; Liparieae ; Morphology ; chromosome numbers ; chemical compounds ; taxonomy ; generic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Taxonomic relationships amongst the genera of the southern African tribesPodalyrieae andLiparieae are discussed. Data gained from morphological, cytological and chemical investigations are analyzed cladistically to determine relationships. The genusCadia (tribeSophoreae) is included in the investigation to establish whether it should be transferred to thePodalyrieae. The results clearly indicate that thePodalyrieae andLiparieae are monophyletic and that they should be united, but thatHypocalyptus andCadia should be excluded. Within the monophyletic group, there are two distinct subclades each supported by three apomorphies. The results also show that there is a strong sister relationship betweenAmphithalea andCoelidium. In the taxonomic treatment theLiparieae are placed into synonymy under thePodalyrieae and two subtribes are recognized. A key to the genera in the tribe is given, followed by a synopsis of the genera.
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    Ecogeographical differentiation patterns inAdonis sect.Consiligo (Ranunculaceae) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 211 (1998), S. 43-56 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Ranunculaceae ; Adonis ; Morphology ; growth pattern ; taxonomy ; ecology ; climatic requirements ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adonis sect.Consiligo is split into three subsections based on morphology, growth pattern, pollen and fruit morphology. For all species distribution maps are provided and discussed with regard to their ecology and climatic requirements. These data reveal additional characters that support the classification of the taxa. Most species of the section grow in continental Eurasiatic steppes and mountain steppe habitats. Only the species of subsect.Amurenses grow in Far Eastern temperate forests and prefer a more oceanic climate. The taxonomic position of these strongly divergent species is supported by the distributional and ecological data. The evolution ofAdonis sect.Consiligo occurred under strong climatic control. During evolution the taxa could only slightly widen their ecological amplitude and, thus, ecology remained rather stable except that of the subsect.Amurenses. Ecological and distributional data can be used to validate taxonomy and phylogeny and reveal additional informations.
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    Cytomorphological characters supporting the taxonomic validity ofCyanothece (Cyanoprokaryota) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 210 (1998), S. 25-39 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Cyanophyta ; Cyanobacteria ; Cyanothece ; Synechococcus ; Cyanobium ; Ultrastructure ; nucleoids ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of the type species of the genusCyanothece Komárek 1976,C. aeruginosa, is described and compared with the main cytological characteristics of morphologically related members of the generaCyanobium, Cyanobacterium andSynechococcus. Several morphological features, such as cell walls with thick outer layers containing a special type of vesicles, position of thylakoids, “keritomy” (net-like appearance of protoplast caused by arrangement of thylakoids, net-like nucleoids and/or by tendency to form intrathylakoidal spaces) and a special structure of mucilaginous envelopes were found to be characteristic of this genus, supporting its separate position among coccal cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria, cyanophytes). The taxonomic significance of ultrastructural features in all mentioned genera is discussed.
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    Pollen morphology in theBoragineae (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 213 (1998), S. 121-151 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Boraginaceae ; Boragineae ; Palynology ; phenetics ; stereostructure ; systematics ; taxonomy ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results of a comparative survey on pollen morphology in theBoragineae by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are presented and discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. Multivariate analyses lead to the recognition of 15 pollen morphotypes for which a discriminant key is proposed. The discriminatory characters concern mainly the stereostructural and ultrastructural features of the grains, such as tectum sculpture and aperture morphology, while the number of apertures appears variable within genera and even single species. Seven out of the 12 investigated genera, as currently circumscribed, are matched by palynological data:Anchusella, Borago, Brunnera, Elizaldia, Lithodora, Symphytum andTrachystemon. On account of aperture shape,Lithodora is however closer to theLithospermeae than to theBoragineae. Other genera, and in particularNonea, show a wide variation in tectum ornamentation, shape of grains and number of apertures. Palynological data do not support a broad concept of the genusAnchusa, and point to the autonomy of the ‘satellite’ generaHormuzakia, Gastrocotyle, Phyllocara, Pentaglottis andCynoglottis.
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    Biological properties of some nitrogen-fixing associative enterobacteria (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 202 (1998), S. 49-59 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: AP PCR ; Erwinia ; Klebsiella ; nitrogen-fixing bacteria ; phytopathogenicity ; ribosomal DNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Enterobacteria isolates from potato tubers were able to fix nitrogen, to protect plants against phytopathogens and to produce phytohormones thus increasing the plant yield. These isolates were previously phenotypically identified as Erwinia carotovora; however, they differed from typical E. carotovora in a number of biological characteristics and were found to be nonphytopathogenic (avirulent) due to the lack of pectate lyase activity. A data matrix, containing 31 strains and 105 biological characteristics was used for computer cluster analysis. The avirulent strains formed a separate cluster more closely related to Klebsiella spp. strains (with a 0.67 level of similarity) than to typical phytopathogenic bacteria of the E. carotovora group (with a 0.48 level of similarity). A phylogenetic analysis based on restriction polymorphisms of an amplified ribosomal DNA spacer region revealed that the avirulent strains studied here were different from all Erwinia, Klebsiella and other enterobacteria species strains. The AP PCR/hybridization technique showed cross homology of amplified DNA of these avirulent strains and a lack of such homology with the DNA from strains of other species. Numerical taxonomy data, rDNA analysis and AP PCR/hybridization assays confirmed that these avirulent bacteria may be regarded as an independent group of enterobacteria.
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    RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 295-299 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chloroplast DNA ; eggplant ; PCR ; RFLP ; Solanum ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species.
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    On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae) (1998)
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 35-37 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Keratella trapezoida n. sp. ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of planktonic rotifer, Keratella trapezoida n. sp. is described from the Yangtze River, P.R. China. The new morphospecies is characterized by its four enclosed dorsal median facets, nearly trapezoid shape of the first median facet on dorsal plate, and the caudal median facet with parallel margins and being open posteriorly.
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    Taxonomic status of Oryza glumaepatula Steud. I. Comparative morphological studies of New World diploids and Asian AA genome species (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: multivariate analysis ; Oryza ; O. glumaepatula ; O. nivara ; O. rufipogon ; taxonomy ; wild rices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the New World diploid wild rice species, Oryza glumaepatula. The morphological variation of 26 diploid rice accessions in the International Rice Genebank at IRRI from South America and Cuba was compared with that of O. rufipogon and O. nivara from Asia. The 28 morphological characters included 16 spikelet and grain, eight leaf and culm, and four panicle characters, and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. The first two principal components accounted for 53.6% of the total variation. The first component was characterized by leaf and sterile lemma characters, 5-panicle dry weight, and grain length, and the second by anther length and its ratio to grain length, grain width, thickness, and 20-hulled grain weight. The characters effectively differentiated the wild rices from Surinam, French Guiana, and the lower Amazon River basin in Brazil, which showed high negative scores along both axes, from other accessions from Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba, and the Asian species. Most of the accessions from South America are quite distinct from O. rufipogon, with which they have often been grouped as a single species in some taxonomic treatments. Groupings obtained from cluster analysis corresponded closely with the results from PCA. This study supports a distinct taxonomic status of a group of diploid wild rices from South America as O. glumaepatula.
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    An analysis of taxonomic studies on Rotifera: a case study (1998)
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
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    Cross-mating tests re-discovered: a tool to assess species boundaries in rotifers (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
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    Identification of proton transfer pathways in the X-ray crystal structure of the bacterial reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1998)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 55 (1998), S. 119-125 
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    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: bacterial photosynthesis ; crystal structure ; electron transfer ; proton transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural features that have important implications for the fundamental process of transmembrane proton transfer are examined in the recently published high resolution atomic structures of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in the dark adapted state (DQAQB) and the charged separated state (D+QAQB −); the latter is the active state for proton transfer to the semiquinone. The structures have been determined at 2.2 Å and 2.6 Å resolution, respectively, as reported by Stowell et al. (1997) [Science 276: 812–816]. Three possible proton transfer pathways (P1, P2, P3) consisting of water molecules and/or protonatable residues were identified which connect the QB binding region with the cytoplasmic exposed surface at Asp H224 & Asp M240 (P1), Tyr M3 (P2) and Asp M17 (P3). All three represent possible pathways for proton transfer into the RC. P1 contains an uninterrupted chain of water molecules. This path could, in addition, facilitate the exchange of quinone for quinol during the photocycle by allowing water to move into and out of the binding pocket. Located near these pathways is a cluster of electrostatically interacting acid residues (Asp-L213, Glu-H173, Asp-M17, Asp H124, Asp-L210 and Asp H170) each being within 4.5 Å of a neighboring carboxylic acid or a bridging water molecule. This cluster could serve as an internal ‘proton reservoir’ facilitating fast protonation of QB − that could occur at a rate greater than that attainable by proton uptake from solution.
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    Ilyocryptus smirnovi n. sp. (Branchiopoda, Anomopoda) – a new member of the species group Ilyocryptus brevidentatus s. lat. from Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 380 (1998), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ilyocryptus ; Anomopoda ; new species ; taxonomy ; Australia ; Queensland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All representatives of the genus Ilyocryptus with short lateral setae at the postanal margin of the postabdomen may be separated into the compact species group I. brevidentatus s. lat. A new species of Ilyocryptus from this group is described from the Lake Numalla, Queensland, Australia. I. smirnovi n. sp. shows clear morphological differences in the armature of the valve, postabdomen, and several other structures, from all other species of the group. Differences between members of the above-mentioned species group are analogous with those between European species, listed by Štifter (1991).
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    Taxonomic remarks on planktonic phytoflagellates in a hypertrophic tropical lagoon (Brazil) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 369-370 (1998), S. 297-313 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: planktonic phytoflagellates ; taxonomy ; seasonality ; hypertrophic brackish water ; tropical coastal lagoon ; Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phototrophic flagellate flora of the Barra Lagoon (22°57′ S and 42°47′ W), Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, is described. The lagoon is a shallow, oligohaline, hypertrophic ecosystem in which Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and phytoflagellates are dominant. Between October 1990 and August 1993, weekly integrated samples were collected from a bay, using a plexiglass tube, 8 cm diameter and 1m length. All identifications, descriptions and measurements were carried out on live or in Lugol-fixed material. A total of 30 taxa, belonging to Euglenophyceae (5), Cryptophyceae (7), Raphidophyceae (1), Dinophyceae (4), Chrysophyceae (3), Prymnesiophyceae (2), Prasinophyceae (7) and Chlorophyceae (1) were identified. All the phytoflagellate species identified have been recorded previously from temperate sites. Nine of them were registered in a tropical water for the first time, suggesting that they have much broader distributions. Gymnodinium sanguineum, Pavlova lutheri and Pyramimonas grossii were the most frequently observed phytoflagellates in this study. The seasonal occurrence and some environmental requirements of selected phytoflagellates species are discussed.
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    A new species of Ancorabolidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Beagle channel (Chile) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 23-32 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. ; Ancorabolidae ; taxonomy ; South America ; Chile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of the family Ancorabolidae Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Arthropsyllus australis sp. n. was collected 1994 during 'Magellan Campaign' of RV 'Victor Hensen' and is described in the present paper. Its inclusion in the genus Arthropsyllus Sars, 1909 is justified by the diagnostic characters of the genus: lack of any dorsal or dorsolateral well-developed processes, body slightly depressed dorsoventrally, body somites with lateral epimeres except cephalothorax and last two abdominal somites. A. australis sp. n. differs from Arthropsyllus serratus Sars, 1909 in the shape of the rostrum, in having moderately-sized sensilla-bearing dorsal and dorsolateral projections on cephalothorax and body somites, and in several differences on mandible, maxillule, maxilla and swimming legs.
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    The freshwater crab fauna (Crustacea: Brachyura) of the Philippines. V. On a new genus and species of potamid from Palawan island, Philippines (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Potamidae ; Carpomon pomulum ; taxonomy ; new genus ; new species ; Philippines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus and new species of terrestrial potamid crab ( Carpomon pomulum) is described from the island of Palawan in the Philippines. This new genus can easily be distinguished from all other Philippine potamids in its smooth and inflated carapace, no trace of an epibranchial tooth, extremely low postorbital cristae, and stout and twisted male first gonopod.
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    Free-living marine nematodes of shrimp culture ponds in Thailand. I. New species of the genera Diplolaimella and Thalassomonhystera (Monhysteridae) and Theristus (Xyalidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Marine nematodes ; Diplolaimella thailandica ; Thalassomonhystera siamensis ; Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer ; new species ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three new species belonging to the genera Diplolaimella and Thalassomonhystera of the family Monhysteridae and Theristus of the family Xyalidae are described from shrimp culture ponds near mangrove zones of Khung Kraben Bay, Thailand. Diplolaimella thailandica sp. n. resembles D. dievengatensis but differs from it by features of the ratios b and V, and size of the spicules and tail of the male. Thalassomonhystera siamensis sp. n. resembles T. diplops but differs from it in features of the amphids, ocelli, cloaca and gubernaculum. Theristus (Penzancia) longisetifer sp. n. resembles T. flevensis, T. ambronensis, T. macroflevensis, and T. pratti but differs from them in features of the cervical setae, ventral supplement of the male and others.
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    Redescription and taxonomic status of Sinodiaptomus valkanovi , a common limnoplanktonic calanoid copepod in Japan, with comparison to the closely related S. sarsi (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 379 (1998), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calanoid copepod ; taxonomy ; Sinodiaptomus valkanovi ; S. sarsi ; limnoplankton ; Japan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The limnoplanktonic calanoid copepod Sinodiaptomus valkanovi (Diaptomidae: Diaptominae) is redescribed in detail from Japan, where it commonly occurs in ponds and reservoirs especially around the Seto Inland Sea. The species has been referred to as a subspecies of S. sarsi outside Japan due to lack of subsequent morphological comparisons. Sinodiaptomus valkanovi is easily distinguishable from S. sarsi by having longer antennules in both sexes, a short projection on the right antennule segment 15 of the male, and a thumb-like posterodistal basal projection of the male left leg 5. These characters do not show significant variation, indicating differentiation at the species level. S. valkanovi is restricted to Japan, in contrast to the wide-range of it S. sarsi in Asian waters. The Bulgarian population, from which the species was originally described, and the North American population, which was formerly recorded as S. sarsi, are considered to have been introduced from Japan with aquatic plants such as water lilies.
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    Rotifer diversity in a central Mexican pond (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mexico ; Rotifera ; new record ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of rotifers from a small pond (less than 2 ha in area and 3 m deep), located at Kilometer 28 in the federal highway Ixtlahuaca-Jilotepec (19° 49′ 13″ N, 99° 42′ 22″ W) at an altitude of 2503 m above sea level, resulted in a total of 78 species. From these, 20 are new records for Mexico. This study confirms the presence of some of the rotifer species listed only in earlier studies. Comments on some species are made from a zoogeographical point of view.
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    Cross-mating tests re-discovered: a tool to assess species boundaries in rotifers (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 109-115 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: behavior ; mating ; evolution ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The recent isolation of a mate recognition pheromone in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller has shed new light on the mate recognition system of rotifers. One result is improved understanding of the importance of mating behavior as a highly efficient process used by rotifers to choose conspecifics. There are many differences in the main characteristics of mating behavior in members of five different families of rotifers. The present work describes the use of these characteristics to assess species boundaries, especially where boundaries between two or more species are unclear. The method proposed here can assess quantitatively the response of males of one species to females of a questionable taxon by measuring the percentage of matings initiated and the number of completed copulations. The data generated can then be used together with molecular, morphological, and other data to determine the species boundaries. This approach can help distinguish between morphological differences resulting from evolutionary divergence of species and morphological differences induced by environmental or ecological factors.
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    An analysis of taxonomic studies on Rotifera: a case study (1998)
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    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: taxonomy ; evaluation ; Rotifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented of a historical analysis of taxonomic research on Rotifera, as reflected by the case of α-taxonomy of Lecanidae and Dicranophoridae. The number of available names established, as well as the fraction presently considered valid are counted per decade. Two peak periods in taxonomic research are revealed, viz. a minor one in the last decades of the 19th century, and a major one in the 1920s–1930s. Especially work published during the second period contains a high proportion of names that are currently considered valid. The second half of the 20th century witnessed a decrease in quantity, but also in quality of taxonomic research. The basic cause for this is probably the typological approach to a group exhibiting high intraspecific morphological variability, but also poor taxonomic education, as reflected by a high incidence of insufficient descriptions, and poor knowledge of the rules governing zoological nomenclature, are of incisive importance.
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    RAPD technique for taxonomic studies of Pellia epiphylla‐complex (Hepaticae, Metzgeriales) (1998)
    Springer
    Genetica 104 (1998), S. 179-187 
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    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: genus Pellia ; liverworts ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genomic relationships of three liverworts from the genus Pellia: P. epiphylla, P. borealis and P. neesiana. Altogether 150 characters (150 DNA fragments obtained using PCR) were scored. These characters were used to create a matrix of pairwise distances between all the pairs of taxa. Both distance (UPGMA, Fitch–Margoliash and Neighbor–Joining) and binary character‐state (Wagner and Camin‐Sokal parsimony and compatibility) methods were applied for trees' construction. Our results strongly support distinction of the recently discovered sibling species of P. epiphylla – species N and P. epiphylla – species S, which have an allopatric distribution in Poland (N – North, S – South Poland). Moreover, our data also supports the hypothesis of a hybrid origin (alloploid) of the polyploid P. borealis from P.epiphylla−N×P.epiphylla−S. P. neesiana was excluded as a donor of either of the genomes of P. borealis.
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    Cytochrome c Oxidase (Heme aa 3) from Paracoccus denitrificans: Analysis of Mutations in Putative Proton Channels of Subunit I (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 30 (1998), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Terminal oxidase ; redox coupling ; electrochemical gradient ; electron transport ; energy transduction ; proton translocation ; crystal structure ; site-directed mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract One of the challenging features of energy-transducing terminal oxidases, like the aa 3 cytochrome c oxidase of Paracoccus denitrificans, is the translocation of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane, which is coupled to the transfer of electrons to oxygen. As a prerequisite for a more advanced examination of the enzymatic properties, several amino acid residues, selected on the basis of recent three-dimensional structure determinations, were exchanged in subunit I of the Paracoccus enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis. The properties of the mutated oxidases were analyzed by different methods to elucidate whether they are involved in the coupled and coordinated transfer of protons via two different pathways either to the site of oxygen reduction or through the enzyme from the cytoplasm to the periplasmic side.
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    Anomopoda (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) from some Venezuelan tepuis (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 205-211 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; Anomopoda ; Alona rusticoides n. sp. ; taxonomy ; Venezuela ; 'Cladocera'
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven anomnopodan species were recorded from top of Roraima and Ptari tepuis. Alona rusticoides is new species and Acroperus sp., Alonella cf. excisa and Paralona pigra seem to be different from species described from Europe.
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    Myxozyma neglecta sp. nov. (Candidaceae) a new yeast species from South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73 (1998), S. 143-146 
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    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Myxozyma neglecta ; Myxozyme mucilagina ; Candidaceae ; mol% G + C ; DNA-DNA homology ; yeasts ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three strains of Myxozyma mucilagina including the type strain were reexamined. Based on differences in their carbon utilization pattern, mobility of isoenzymes, mol% G + C of their DNA and extent of DNA complementary the new species Myxozyma neglecta is proposed.
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    Effect of M and M-Ca Substitution on the Structure and Superconductivity of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ [M = Mo, Hf ] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 285-290 
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    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: GdBa2Cu3O7−δ ; Ca substitution ; Mo substitution ; Hf substitution ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structural and superconducting properties of (Gd1−x−y Ca y M x )Ba2Cu3O z with M = Mo, Hf are investigated using X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and oxygen content measurements. The effect of increasing the Mo concentration in (Gd1−x Mo x )Ba2Cu3O z changes the structure from orthorhombic to tetragonal accompanied by a large increase in resistivity and a fast decrease in T c at the rate of 1.9 K per at.% of Mo, unlike that of Hf substitution in (Gd1−x Hf x )Ba2Cu3O z , which maintains the orthorhombic structure and decreases T c very slowly at the rate of 0.6 K per atm.% of Hf with nearly no change in resistivity. The suppression of T c by M = Mo, Hf can be counterbalanced by hole doping by Ca which increases T c with increasing Ca content showing maximum compensation for Mo. A comparative study of M = Mo, Hf doped samples in (Gd1−x−y Ca y M x )Ba2Cu3O z indicates that the valence of the dopant M = Mo4+,6+, Hf4+ and its ionic radius play an important role in controlling the structural and superconducting properties of the systems.
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    A new species of Avena from Sicily, possibly the tetraploid progenitor of hexaploid oats (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 263-269 
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    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: evolution ; interspecific hybridization ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new species of oat, Avena insularis, is described. It was collected in southern Sicily where four populations were found on uncultivated clay soil. Morphologically, it is similar to the hexaploid wild oat A. sterilis, but can be distinguished by its smaller and more condensed panicle, less V-shaped dispersal unit and oblong disarticulation scar. Hybrids between A. insularis and the hexaploid cultivated oat A. sativa were obtained only when the latter was the seed parent in crosses. Chromosome pairing of the hybrids at meiosis was irregular with univalents and multivalents, but the mean number of chiasmata per cell was close to that of A. insularis. Furthermore, the hybrids were partially self-fertile. Thus, the newly discovered species seems closer to the hexaploid oats than any other tetraploid species, and is probably the tetraploid progenitor of hexaploid oats. Hybrids between A. insularis and A. magna were sterile because of irregular chromosome pairing at meiosis.
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    Dicranophoridae (Rotifera) from the Alps (1998)
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 63-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Dicranophoridae ; Austria ; alpine water bodies ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rotifera of the family Dicranophoridae Harring, 1913 were recorded from mountainous altitudes of the Austrian Alps. Here, their morphology, distribution and ecology is detailed. The description of Encentrum walterkostei Jersabek is amended by observations on living animals. Of 19 species encountered, all but four are new to the alpine region, nine species are first records for the biogeographic region 'Alps'. Four species are new to science and will be published elsewhere. The majority are cosmopolites or widely distributed taxa, but also species with a more limited range, possibly endemics, seem to exist. Most species can be characterized as being more commonly found in cold environments, some of them are known to be psammobiontic or psammophilic.
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    Rotifer diversity in a central Mexican pond (1998)
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    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Mexico ; Rotifera ; new record ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of rotifers from a small pond (less than 2 ha in area and 3 m deep), located at Kilometer 28 in the federal highway Ixtlahuaca-Jilotepec (19° 49′ 13″ N, 99° 42′ 22″ W) at an altitude of 2503 m above sea level, resulted in a total of 78 species. From these, 20 are new records for Mexico. This study confirms the presence of some of the rotifer species listed only in earlier studies. Comments on some species are made from a zoogeographical point of view.
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    Rotifera of some freshwater habitats in the floodplain of the River Nan, northern Thailand (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; biodiversity ; floodplain ; taxonomy ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of 11 freshwater habitats in the floodplain of the River Nan, northern Thailand was carried out during April and September 1996. The rotifer samples were collected qualitatively from paddy fields, ponds, canals and reservoirs, using a 60 μm mesh net. One hundred and eighteen species were identified, four (Lepadella quinquecostata (Lucks), Macrochaetus danneeli Koste & Shiel, Testudinella ahlstromi Hauer and T greeni Koste) of which are new to Thailand and one (L. quinquecostata) is new to Asia. The numbers of species found in two localities are relatively high, with 86 and 73 rotifer taxa. Most of the species recorded are common, cosmopolitan or pantropical and warm-stenotherms. The occurrence of a species previously considered endemic to Australia, M. danneeli provides more evidence illustrating a relation between the rotifer faunas of southeast Asia and Australia. Comments are presented on some insufficiently known taxa in particular on the new records for Thailand.
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    Analysis of the genetic diversity among mandarins (Citrus spp.) using RAPD markers (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 133-139 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Citrus reticulata ; mandarin ; germplasm analysis ; genetic similarity ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract RAPD markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity among 35 mandarin accessions, including 10 species and 7 hybrids. One octamer and twenty-two decamer primers produced 109 RAPDs, 45 of which were polymorphic. Jaccard coefficient was used to calculate genetic similarity, and UPGMA to generate the phenogram. The RAPDs obtained were sufficient to generate some accession-specific markers, and to separate these accessions by clustering them into several groups, many of them according to Tanaka's or Webber's systematic units. The genetic similarity within the mandarin group is high (GJ = 0.77), and suggests that cultivated mandarins have a narrow genetic base. The genetic similarity of mandarins to other true citrus species (Citron [C. medica L.] and Pummelo [C. grandis Osbeck]) was much lower (minimum GJ = 0.27). We propose that the mandarin group is a single species, C. reticulata Blanco, composed of several genetically different individuals and a great number of hybrids, rather than a large number of species as proposed by some taxonomic studies.
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    Two new species of Paracyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) from Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 382 (1998), S. 119-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Copepoda ; taxonomy ; Africa ; freshwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Paracyclops longispina n. sp. and Paracyclops altissimus n. sp. are described. New characters derived from detailed examination of body and limb ornamentation are used to differentiate them from other Paracyclops species. Paracyclops longispina n. sp. resembles Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) and Paracyclops imminutus Kiefer, 1929. It differs from the former by the presence of a well-developed spinular row near the base of the inner setae on the antennal coxobasis in both sexes, and from the latter in the structure of the seminal receptacle and the position of the mid-distal spinular row on the posterior surface of the coxa of leg 1. Paracyclops altissimus n. sp. can be distinguished from other members of genus mainly by the structure of the seminal receptacle and leg 5.
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    Two new species of Keratella (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae) from Inner Mongolia, P.R. China (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 382 (1998), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Keratella new species ; taxonomy ; Rotifera ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two new morphospecies of Keratella Bory de St. Vincent (Rotifera: Brachionidae) are described from Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. Keratella mongolianum n. sp. is related to K. cruciformis and K. eichwaldi, while Keratella zhugeae n. sp. belongs to the K. quadrata group. K. mongolianum n.sp. is known from a single locality only, but K. zhugeae n.sp. was found in several ponds and had previously been recorded from Tibet. Both taxa are restricted to the eastern Palaearctic region.
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    The role of the atrial diverticulum in the copulatory apparatus of the terrestrial flatworm Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp (Tricladida: Terricola) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 383 (1998), S. 83-89 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Terricola ; planarian ; viscid gland ; reproduction ; collagen ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diverticula are present in the copulatory organs of many species of the Terricola. In some species these structures are copulatory bursae or resorptive vesicles. The function of diverticula present in the copulatory organs in species of Dolichoplana and Platydemus (Rhynchodemidae), in Australoplana (Geoplanidae) and in some other caenoplaninid genera has been an enigma. From histochemical and other investigations of the ventro-posterior copulatory diverticulum in Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, it is evident that this structure is neither a copulatory bursa, resorptive vesicle nor a uterus. It is an adhesive gland producing a viscid, collagen-like fibrous glycoprotein derived from two secretory elements present in the gland. The secretion is expelled during cocoon laying to adhere the cocoon onto the substratum. The diverticulum appears late in the development of the copulatory organs, and is present when the gonopore is patent; this has implications for the taxonomy of platydemid flatworms.
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    A new species of giant planarian from Lake Baikal, with some remarks on character states in the Dendrocoelidae (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 383 (1998), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Platyhelminthes ; Tricladida ; Dendrocoelidae ; Bdellocephala ; Baikal ; taxonomy ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of newly collected material the subspecies Bdellocephala angarensis bathyalis Timoshkin & Porfirjeva, 1989 is raised to full species status, B. bathyalis Timoshkin & Porfirjeva, 1989. Specimens of this species have been collected in Lake Baikal from depths ranging between 610 and 1060 m. The species is characterized by a light, uniform brown pigmentation, absence of eyes, distinct atrial folds, and large size. It is suggested that two features may be useful in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships between dendrocoelid genera: pharynx musculature, and presence of an extra layer of circular muscle in the ventral subepidermal body musculature.
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    The geographical distribution of Polycelis (Polycelis) sapporo and Seidlia schmidti in the Far East (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 383 (1998), S. 307-313 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Tricladida ; Polycelis ; Seidlia ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Japan ; Far East
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polycelis (Polycelis) sapporo (Ijima et Kaburaki, 1916) is a non-stenothermal species, common in Hokkaidô (including all of the adjacent islands), Northern Japan, except in the alpine region. It is also distributed in Aomori Prefecture in the northernmost part of Honshû. To the south, its range is bounded by a line from the base of the Tsugaru Peninsula, over Mt. Iwaki, Mt. Shirakami, Mt. Tashiro, Lake Towada, Mt. Hakkôda, the Natsudomari Peninsula, to the west of Mutsu and Ôhata in the Shimokita Peninsula. In Russia, the species is recorded only from the southern part of Sakhalin. Seidlia schmidti (Zabusov, 1916) is a stenothermal species found in cold-water biotops. It occurs in the North and East of Hokkaidô including the Shiretoko Peninsula and Rishiri Island. In Russia, the species is recorded from the southern part of Sakhalin, Primorskiy, Habarovsk including the base of the Chukotskiy Peninsula, and the Kamchatka Peninsula (and Bering Island).
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    Patterns of musculature as taxonomic characters for the Turbellaria Acoela (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 383 (1998), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: muscle ; Turbellaria Acoela ; taxonomy ; body wall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While turbellarians are generally assumed to have body-wall musculature consisting routinely of longitudinal, circular, and diagonal fibers, members of the Acoela examined by a fluorescence-microscopy technique specific for actin showed more complicated and distinctive arrangements of muscles, giving promise for better delimiting taxa within this taxonomically difficult order. Certain globose or tear-drop-shaped worms such as Convoluta pulchra and species of Pseudaphanostoma, Mecynostomum, and Otocelis, showed a complex pattern in which muscles longitudinal in the anterior half of the body arc diagonally across the posterior half; complex brushes of parenchymal muscles that cross at the level of the statocyst and arc postero-laterally also characterize these groups. The more elongate acoel Paratomella sp. was found to have musculature dominated by strictly longitudinal fibers and with relatively weak circular fibers and few fibers running diagonally to the body axis, yet the elongate mecynostomid Paedomecynostomum bruneum showed a crossing of antero-longitudinal fibers similar to that seen in the more globose Mecynostomum sp. A distinctive looping of muscles around the mouth is seen in P. bruneum and the Anaperidae. Such similarities and differences in pattern of musculature promise to provide easily recognizable characters for taxonomy of the Acoela at levels ranging from species to family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003497423802
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  • 94
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    A reclassification of the anomopod families Macrothricidae and Chydoridae, with the creation of a new suborder, the Radopoda (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 384 (1998), S. 119-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Anomopoda ; Radopoda ; trunk limbs ; taxonomy ; morphology ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation, using optical microscopy and SEM, of the trunk limbs of the Anomopoda has revealed a large number of characters, previously underused or unused in taxonomy and comparative morphology. All these characters, which are nicely paralleled by some more conventional traits (head shield and pores, postabdomen, antennae ...), show one clear tendency across all groups studied: a state of complexity at one extreme, and a state of often incisive simplification at the other extreme, with a number of transitional stages in between. The complex character state, which itself is a simplification of the leg structure of the Ctenopoda and other, ‘large’ Branchiopoda, is here considered to represent a primitive condition. The simplified state is considered advanced. Based on this assumption, we list a number of unifying characters (mainly structural aspects of P1 and P2, but also the gnathobase of P3 and P4) for all macrothricid and chydorid-like anomopods, which we unite in the new suborder Radopoda. Non-radopod Anomopoda are not reclassified. We then derive a cascade of (mainly trunk-limb based) characters to work out a hypothesis on the evolution of the Radopoda. The ‘chydorid’ line (basically the former family Chydoridae) is classified as a superfamily (the Eurycercoidea), with three families; the ‘macrothricid’ line is capped by the superfamily Macrothricoidea, with four families. Of these seven families, four are upgraded from subfamily status, the Chydoridae are left status quo, the Macrothricidae are redefined, and the Neothricidae are a new family. The Macrothricidae are further subdivided in two subfamilies, of which the Macrothricinae appear reasonably homogeneous (monophyletic), while the non-Macrothricinae require further study. Some of these (e.g. Guernella) have almost completely lost their P5, a situation parallel to that of the P6 in the Eurycercidae, Acantholeberidae, and Ophryoxidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003259630312
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  • 95
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    Marine Rotifera from a sandy beach at Disko Island, West Greenland, with the description of Encentrum porsildi n. sp. and Notholca angakkoq n. sp. (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 386 (1998), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Encentrum n. sp. ; Notholca n. sp. ; taxonomy ; marine ; Greenland ; Arctic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rotifer fauna from two localities at an Arctic beach at Disko Island was investigated. Five species were found; four are new to Greenland and two of these are new to science. Encentrum graingeri and Proales reinhardti were found in the psammon, and it is suggested that they inhabit the sea-ice during the winter and then shift to inhabit the psammon in the ice-free periods during summer. Encentrum porsildi n. sp. and Notholca angakkoq n. sp. are described. The descriptions are based on detailed SEM-studies of the trophi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003585005502
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  • 96
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    On a new species of Keratella (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 35-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Keratella trapezoida n. sp. ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new species of planktonic rotifer, Keratella trapezoida n. sp. is described from the Yangtze River, P.R. China. The new morphospecies is characterized by its four enclosed dorsal median facets, nearly trapezoid shape of the first median facet on dorsal plate, and the caudal median facet with parallel margins and being open posteriorly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017000617930
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  • 97
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    Dicranophoridae (Rotifera) from the Alps (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 63-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Dicranophoridae ; Austria ; alpine water bodies ; taxonomy ; biogeography ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rotifera of the family Dicranophoridae Harring, 1913 were recorded from mountainous altitudes of the Austrian Alps. Here, their morphology, distribution and ecology is detailed. The description of Encentrum walterkostei Jersabek is amended by observations on living animals. Of 19 species encountered, all but four are new to the alpine region, nine species are first records for the biogeographic region 'Alps'. Four species are new to science and will be published elsewhere. The majority are cosmopolites or widely distributed taxa, but also species with a more limited range, possibly endemics, seem to exist. Most species can be characterized as being more commonly found in cold environments, some of them are known to be psammobiontic or psammophilic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017017120656
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  • 98
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    A new genus and species of heteronemertean from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 367 (1998), S. 175-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Heteronemertea ; Yinia pratensis gen. et sp. nov. ; taxonomy ; Changjiang River Estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus and species of heteronemertean, Yinia pratensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., collected from low salinity waters (salinity 0.2–0.4 ‰) at Changjiang River Estuary, is described and illustrated. The species possesses a proboscis with an outer circular and an inner longitudinal muscle layer, and is placed in family Lineidae sensu Gibson. The following combination of morphological features distinguishes the new species from any other genera in this family: proboscis with two muscle crosses; dermis without connective tissue layer between gland cells and body wall outer longitudinal muscle layer; rhynchocoel wall circular muscles not interweaving with adjacent body wall longitudinal muscles; foregut with circular somatic muscles and subepithelial gland cell layer; neurochord cells present in central nervous system; caudal cirrus missing; blood system developed into alimentary plexus extending almost the full length of the body. Another significant character is that the lobular excretory cells are extremely well developed which may represent adaptation to water of low salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003284302037
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  • 99
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    Notholca dongtingensis (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae), a new species from Dongting Lake, China (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 368 (1998), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; Notholca ; taxonomy ; new species ; China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Notholca dongtingensis n.sp. was found in the second largest lake of China, Dongting Lake. It is related to Notholca labis Gosse, 1887 and N. kozhovi Vassilijewa & Kutikova, 1969. Its main distinguishing taxonomic features are a square-oval lorica, very short anterior spines, anterior lateral spines curving outwards and protrusile posterior margin of the ventral plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003200821601
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  • 100
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    Rotifera of some freshwater habitats in the floodplain of the River Nan, northern Thailand (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifera ; biodiversity ; floodplain ; taxonomy ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of 11 freshwater habitats in the floodplain of the River Nan, northern Thailand was carried out during April and September 1996. The rotifer samples were collected qualitatively from paddy fields, ponds, canals and reservoirs, using a 60 μm mesh net. One hundred and eighteen species were identified, four (Lepadella quinquecostata (Lucks), Macrochaetus danneeli Koste & Shiel, Testudinella ahlstromi Hauer and T greeni Koste) of which are new to Thailand and one (L. quinquecostata) is new to Asia. The numbers of species found in two localities are relatively high, with 86 and 73 rotifer taxa. Most of the species recorded are common, cosmopolitan or pantropical and warm-stenotherms. The occurrence of a species previously considered endemic to Australia, M. danneeli provides more evidence illustrating a relation between the rotifer faunas of southeast Asia and Australia. Comments are presented on some insufficiently known taxa in particular on the new records for Thailand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017044400183
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