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  • Mutation  (153)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (146)
  • Springer  (7)
  • Elsevier
  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (153)
  • 1998  (153)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (146)
  • Springer  (7)
  • Elsevier
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (153)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced mutations from accessory buds of sweet cherry, Prunus avium L. cv ‘Bing’ (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 912-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Accessory buds ; Mutation ; Growth-reduced ; Mutant sector ; Gamma radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Dormant scions of ‘Bing’ were exposed to 1–2.5 krad of gamma radiation in order to induce useful mutations. The main buds were excised and the scions grafted to allow the growth of accessory buds into primary (V1) shoots. The frequency and types of mutations on secondary (V2) populations are described. In a population of 3324 V2 shoots, the overall mutation frequency was 6.4%: 4.2% partial, 1.6% total and 0.3% growth-reduced mutants were identified. The experiment was repeated using 3 krad- and 4 krad-fractionated doses in water. Differences in mutation frequency at 3 krad and 4 krad were not significant. Of 2562 surviving V2 shoots derived from the irradiation of accessory buds of both standard and V1 shoots, the overall mutation frequency was 3.3%: 1.7% were partial-leaf mutants, 1.0% were total-leaf mutants, and 0.54% were growth-reduced mutants. For maximum mutation rate with adequate survival we suggest acute irradiation of accessory buds in air at dosages approximating LD50 (2.75–3 krad). A larger mutant sector was present in V1 shoots derived from accessory buds than those from main buds as revealed by the higher number of total mutant repeats in the families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050819
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    panicle phytomer 1 mutations affect the panicle architecture of rice (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 1050-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Rice ; panicle phytomer 1 ; Mutation ; Panicle ; Phytomer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have characterized three panicle phytomer 1 (pap1) mutations from the phytomer viewpoint. In pap1 mutants, rachis phytomers were strongly affected involving a severe reduction of rachis internode length and an increase in the number of rachis internodes (number of phytomers), resulting in a large number of primary branches. In addition, bracts were frequently over-developed. By contrast, pap1 differently affected primary branch phytomers resulting in a reduction in both the number and length of internodes. Spikelets were also modified. Rudimentary and empty glumes were frequently elongated. Floral organs were mostly normal. However, a double mutation between pap1 and fon1 markedly increased the number of floral organs compared with the single fon1 mutation, suggesting that PAP1 has a distinct role in the differentiation of floral organs. The functions of PAP1 on panicle architecture are: (1) the negative regulation of the number of phytomers on the rachis but a positive regulation of the number on primary branches, (2) an elongation of internodes, and (3) the negative regulation of bract development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050838
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of β-tubulin in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia confers resistance to amiprophos-methyl (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 464-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Amiprophos-methyl ; Resistance ; Mutation ; β-Tubulin ; Microtubules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plant (apm5r) resistant to amiprophos-methyl (APM), a phosphoro-amide herbicide, was isolated from protoplasts prepared from leaves of haploid plants. Genetic analysis revealed that the resistance is coded for by a dominant nuclear mutation and is associated with the increased stability of cortical microtubules. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, combined with immunoblotting using anti-tubulin monoclonal antibodies, showed that part of the β-tubulin in the resistant plant possessed lower isoelectric points than the β-tubulin of susceptible wild-type plants. These results provide evidence that the resistance to APM is associated with a mutation in a β-tubulin gene. The APM-resistant line showed cross-resistance to trifluralin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, suggesting a common mechanism of resistance between these two classes of herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050918
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and its effect on chromosome stability in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 258 (1998), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words RNA polymerase II largest subunit ; Mutation ; Temperature sensitivity ; Chromosome stability ; Cell cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mutation in the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RpII LS) that is related to abnormal induction of sister chromatid exchange has previously been described the CHO-K1 cell mutant tsTM4. To elucidate the molecular basis of this effect we introduced the mutation into the homologous site in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rpb1 gene, which encodes RpII LS. Since the tsTM4 mutant exhibited a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis in cells arrested in S phase at the nonpermissive temperature, we focussed on the study of growth, the cell cycle, and chromosome stability at various temperatures. First, we examined the effects of the mutation on haploid yeast cells. The mutant showed slower growth than the wild type, but cell growth was not arrested at the nonpermissive temperature. When growing cells were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, an accumulation of cells in G1 and/or G0 was observed. Tetrad analysis suggested that these phenotypes were associated with the mutation. In diploid cells, chromosome instability was detected by loss of intragenic complementation between two alleles of the ade6 gene. An abnormal fraction of cells containing an intermediate DNA content was also observed by FACS analysis. The accumulation of this fraction may reflect the fact that a large number of cells are in S phase or have an abnormal DNA content as a result of chromosome instability. These observations demonstrate that the S. pomberpb1 mutant exhibits a phenotype very similar to that of the CHO-K1 cell mutant tsTM4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050732
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of each of three missense mutations, G484A, G667A, and G808A, present in an inactive allele of the human Lewis gene (FUT3) for α(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase inactivation (1998)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 15 (1998), S. 961-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: α(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase ; Fuc-TIII ; Lewis-negative allele ; Chimera ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Recently, we found three novel missense mutations, G484A (Asp162Asn), G667A (Gly223Arg), and G808A (Val270Met), present in a Lewis-negative allele (le484,667,808) from an African (Xhosa) population. To define the relative contribution of each of the three mutations in the le484,667,808 allele for inactivation of the FUT3-encoded enzyme, we made chimeric FUT3 containing each of the three mutations. A transient expression study indicated that COS7 cells transfected with the FUT3 construct containing the G484A mutation expressed the Lewis antigen and had about 20% enzyme activity as compared with COS7 cells transfected with the wild type FUT3 allele, whereas COS7 cells transfected with the FUT3 construct containing either the G667A mutation or the G808A mutation did not express the Lewis antigen and showed no detectable α(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase activity. These results suggest that the G667A and/or the G808A missense mutations of FUT3 alleles are responsible for the inactivation of the FUT3-encoded enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006981724233
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of bilirubin uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase gene mutations in seven patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 43 (1998), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II ; Mutation ; Inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN) type II is caused by a reduction in hepatic bilirubin uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase activity. Recently, there has been progress in mutation analysis of patients with CN type II. Here, we analyzed both the coding and the promoter regions of the gene in seven Japanese patients with CN type II from five unrelated families. The mutations found in this study were classified into three types. The first type was composed of double homozygous missense mutations (Gly71Arg and Tyr486Asp) in exons 1 and 5. These mutations, which were detected in five patients from three unrelated families, were the commonest. The second type, which was detected in one patient, consisted of a single homozygous missense mutation (Arg209Trp) in exon 1. The third type, which was detected in one patient and was a new type of mutation combination, was composed of a homozygous insertion mutation of the TATAA element and a heterozygous missense mutation (Pro229Gln) in exon 1. Although the first and the second type of mutations are recessive, the third type appears to be dominant with incomplete penetrance, since the allele frequency of the insertion mutation of the TATAA element is very high (40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050050
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel MEN1 gene mutations in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 43 (1998), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ; Menin ; Endocrine tumor ; Mutation ; Founder effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The recent isolation of the gene responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) has enabled direct genetic diagnosis for people with endocrine tumors and family members of affected patients. Although MEN 1 is rarely recognized in the Japanese population compared to its prevalence in Caucasians, we have previously reported a high prevalence of this disease in a limited area (Nagano Prefecture; population, 2.15 million). In this communication, we report mutations of the MEN1 gene in kindreds living in Nagano Prefecture. The absence of a common mutation among these kindreds indicates that the high prevalence of MEN 1 in this area is not due to a regional accumulation of patients descended from a common ancestor. This result implies that the prevalence of MEN 1 in other areas of Japan could also be higher than had been thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050070
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  • 8
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    Structural basis of plasticity in T cell receptor recognition of a self peptide-MHC antigen (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The T cell receptor (TCR) inherently has dual specificity. T cells must recognize self-antigens in the thymus during maturation and then discriminate between foreign pathogens in the periphery. A molecular basis for this cross-reactivity is elucidated by the crystal structure of the alloreactive 2C TCR bound to self peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigen H-2Kb-dEV8 refined against anisotropic 3.0 angstrom resolution x-ray data. The interface between peptide and TCR exhibits extremely poor shape complementarity, and the TCR beta chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) has minimal interaction with the dEV8 peptide. Large conformational changes in three of the TCR CDR loops are induced upon binding, providing a mechanism of structural plasticity to accommodate a variety of different peptide antigens. Extensive TCR interaction with the pMHC alpha helices suggests a generalized orientation that is mediated by the Valpha domain of the TCR and rationalizes how TCRs can effectively "scan" different peptides bound within a large, low-affinity MHC structural framework for those that provide the slight additional kinetic stabilization required for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, K C -- Degano, M -- Pease, L R -- Huang, M -- Peterson, P A -- Teyton, L -- Wilson, I A -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42267/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA58896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1166-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; H-2 Antigens/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Identification of alpha-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: A peripheral membrane protein that is interactive with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was purified from cells permissive to infection. Tryptic peptides from this protein were determined to be alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG). Several strains of LCMV and other arenaviruses, including Lassa fever virus (LFV), Oliveros, and Mobala, bound to purified alpha-DG protein. Soluble alpha-DG blocked both LCMV and LFV infection. Cells bearing a null mutation of the gene encoding DG were resistant to LCMV infection, and reconstitution of DG expression in null mutant cells restored susceptibility to LCMV infection. Thus, alpha-DG is a cellular receptor for both LCMV and LFV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, W -- Henry, M D -- Borrow, P -- Yamada, H -- Elder, J H -- Ravkov, E V -- Nichol, S T -- Compans, R W -- Campbell, K P -- Oldstone, M B -- AG 00080/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI 09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK09712/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2079-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arenavirus/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dystroglycans ; Lassa virus/*metabolism/physiology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*metabolism/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Which of our genes makes us human? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human ; Gene Expression ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; *Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sialic Acids/chemistry/physiology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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