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  • Articles  (60)
  • Emerald  (60)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • 1995-1999  (60)
  • 1997  (60)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (60)
  • 1
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    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Explores the development of ground floors in residential buildings. Highlights the lack of detailed studies into this aspect of construction technology. Suggests that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to clarify the chronology and form of ground floors in old buildings. Considers the various types and traces their evolution. Indicates that suspended timber ground floors became more common after the mid-nineteenth century.
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  • 2
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Five years have elapsed since the introduction of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance in Singapore's construction industry in 1992. By the end of 1996, more than 80 construction-related organizations had secured ISO 9000 certification. In 1995 the Singapore government announced that the larger construction and consultancy firms must secure ISO 9000 certification before 1999 if they are to bid for public sector construction projects. Proposes to determine whether or not local contractors believe that ISO 9000 would reduce the costs of doing business and raise the quality of construction works; and if local construction firms have any quality cost systems in place for the purpose of establishing the relationship between quality assurance and cost savings. Presents the findings of a survey as answers to these questions.
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  • 3
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Continues the investigation into the development of ground floors in residential buildings. Focuses on the constructional features of traditional ground floors, both solid and suspended. Describes the influences that constructional form had on the development of ground floors. Indicates that suspended timber ground floors became more common after the mid-nineteenth century.
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  • 4
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 166-171 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: States that over the last decade an increasing number of new buildings have become disfigured in the first few years of their use. Outlines a recent major study of this phenomenon and investigates the following areas: what premature staining is and what effects it can have; the mechanisms of the staining process; building features that commonly give rise to staining problems; strategies for remedial measures once staining has occurred. Presents unique yet practical solutions to this increasing problem and concludes that the key to avoiding staining is a detailed consideration of a broad range of issues at all stages of the design and construction process.
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  • 5
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Presents the findings from a preliminary survey of 180 firms which specialize in conservation and refurbishment work on historic structures. Recognizes the growing importance of this subsector of the construction industry in a period when refurbishment is seen as a more attractive option than demolition and planning boards are keen to protect their local heritage. In two parts, the survey covers 100 crafts based companies and 80 structural engineering firms with questions slanted accordingly. Concludes that crafts based companies are generally small, recent in origin, provide a range of skills and do not confine themselves solely to conservation work. The market for the structural engineer in conservation is smaller but lucrative, and firms work closely with the heritage bodies.
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  • 6
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Covers topics such as the method and order of inspection, use of checklists and inspection data sheets, team inspections and the roles of the various contributing consultants and duties of the team leader, condition consensus for team inspections and the requirements of both public and private sector clients. Uses case studies from Great Britain and Hong Kong to provide examples. The case studies have been selected because they are from condition inspections of high-rise buildings.
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  • 7
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    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 122-126 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In part I (Volume 14 Number 3) the author wrote generally about the various legal and practical issues to take into account in preparing or in defending against a Schedule of Dilapidations served in respect of commercial property. Part II examines some of the practical issues considered in the recent case Shortlands Investments Ltd v. Cargill plc and explains how valuations are made under Section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 in order to determine the cap on damages to be paid in settlement of a dilapidation's claim.
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  • 8
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 74-79 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: States that buildings may become unoccupied for a variety of reasons, and that some will be physically or functionally obsolete and may be beyond economic repair or adaptation. Explains that the best option in such cases will generally be complete or partial demolition and the redevelopment of the site. Shows that, for the vast majority of unoccupied premises, however, the best solution will be reuse, but until such time as a suitable use and occupier for the building can be found, the property must be properly managed. Presents a sensible approach to the inspection and evaluation of empty properties in order to formulate and implement an action plan to protect and maintain them in an appropriate condition suitable for future reoccupation. Concludes that without proper management, unoccupied buildings will deteriorate and become the target for theft, vandalism and arson. Apart from creating a potential eyesore, this will have liability implications for the building owner and wider implications for the environment.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Sets out to examine the need to educate professionals involved in all trades at all levels throughout the construction industry so that the industry as a whole becomes safety conscious. States that the European legislation governing the conduct of building operations from inception, through use and maintenance to demolition is now in place, and in the UK the CDM regulations came into effect in March 1995 and implement the European Community Temporary or Mobile Construction Site Directive. Says that many problems have been instigated by the CDM in the UK in smaller contractors on smaller jobs who may become the "principal contractor", without having the financial, managerial or technical resources of the larger contractor, yet having the same safety responsibilities. This would seem to potentially create a problem which affects the operation and validity of the regulations. Seeks to address these problems and inconsistencies in the knowledge and expertise gap concerning safety in the construction industry. Aims to address a number of questions: how can we ensure the long-term safety on site?; how can these problems be alleviated, while achieving in this case the worthwhile goal of safer building?; how can the problem of the small builder be addressed on a European basis?; can the training and education of those in the building trade be altered to improve safety awareness and procedures? Anticipates that feedback information will be generated regarding safety standards and their optimization throughout sectors of the industry. Recommends that all trades and professions must incorporate safety within their particular skill training and all persons involved should be licensed by the trade association and a consumer safeguard and the safety of persons in the industry.
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  • 10
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 80-86 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: States that trees often contribute to subsidence damage to low-rise buildings, particularly in areas with shrinkable clay sub-soils. Posits that engineers investigating subsidence cases have to determine the extent to which any trees in the vicinity of an afflicted property are contributing. Describes the approach adopted in the development of an object-oriented knowledge-based system which will, among other things, enable engineers to assess more accurately the influence of trees in such situations. Presents details of the implementation of objects, classes, sub-classes, messages, and the concept of inheritance within the system, and the operation of the system demonstrated using hypothetical examples as well as a real test case. Discusses the benefits and problems of the adopted approach.
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  • 11
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 92-95 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reveals the outcome of research into thermal improvements in commercial office refurbishment, comparing practice between Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, New York and Toronto. Sought a deeper understanding of the reasons why thermal improvements may and may not be incorporated into refurbishment and took an analytical, rather than statistical approach. Found that similar practice occurs, with the status of thermal improvements low compared to other factors. Legislation is complied with, though it represents a minimum permissible standard. States that landlords pass on running costs to occupiers and incentives for reducing costs are minimal. Posits that refurbishment with thermal improvements as a priority are rare; however, all refurbishment involves some improvement, often incidentally, through improved technology.
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  • 12
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 148-150 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reviews the changing role of the field computer in the surveying profession and addresses the primary users and requirements of portable IT in geotechnical applications. Describes the growing trend towards GPS and concludes with a prediction of the design of the surveyors' mobile computer in the millennium.
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  • 13
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 279-280 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summarises the speech made by Pat McCarthy of Information Engineering Group to the CIM Conference, and reviews the use of planning systems by British Industry; sees MRP systems as office-based, and asserts they are still geared to weekly cycles rather than the hours and days now being demanded. Avers that we need to capture data more quickly for use on the shopfloor, and insists that this lack of data management is no longer a technical problem. Reviews the information systems that are now becoming available, and presents the key issues that companies need to address in developing their data management systems.
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  • 14
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 302-305 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The complexity of controlling a diverse site is demonstrated by York Controls Group at Essex Police headquarters in Chelmsford. Varied building types with HVAC plant ranging from 20-year-old boiler-fed radiators to modern air conditioning systems are managed by a York ISN building control system. Following the success of this application a number of remote police stations have been integrated within the main control system. Control integration is a hot topic in the controls industry with many manufacturers developing software gateways to allow their controllers to communicate with a range of buildings services plant as well as other manufacturers' controllers. However, in the long term it is expected that common communications protocols will dispense with these gateways and representatives from all the European countries are currently working together to achieve agreed protocol.
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  • 15
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 306-315 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Activation is the process of preparing people, equipment and facilities for moving and start-up. It is little understood, but integral to the success of facility. It starts well before and extends beyond the phases of commissioning and start-up. Activation is described in six stages as it interacts with the traditional facility delivery cycle: long-range planning; prioritization/budgeting; facility planning/design; facility completion; Operation; and criteria update/post-occupancy evaluation. The outcome was a two-volume, "user-friendly" Activation Guide that describes activation for large complex projects in a straightforward way, and which is being used by the 172 major hospitals of the Department of Veterans Affairs in the USA. The process is generic and it could be adapted for use in activations of complex facilities in Europe.
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  • 16
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 316-322 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Proposes that facilities managers can viably utilize building services components that have been designed to be more readily reused to satisfy growing client demands for adaptable buildings. In an increasingly dynamic business environment, many organizations seeking to remain competitive have focused on performing their core function in the short-term by shedding, among other functions, responsibility for their supporting buildings to external organizations. The growth of the facilities management support industry illustrates this trend. The increasing contribution of services installations to building complexity and value means that the greatest opportunity for facilities managers to improve their efficiency in satisfying constantly changing client space use demands lies in their management of this building element. By utilizing reusable services components, facilities managers may be able to increase the adaptability of both new and existing buildings and reduce the financial impact of change. It is concluded that a new industrial sector may emerge to support services component reuse. This sector will undertake the remanufacture (reconditioning) of such component to ensure their fitness for purpose for reuse.
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  • 17
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The design and construction of infrastructure facilities such as road network, water supply and sewage disposal in Botswana, have often been done in a top-bottom fashion where the government or local authority decides what is good for the community. While the design and construction of infrastructure facilities require technical knowledge, heavy equipment and proper supervision, their management hardly requires these resources to the same extent. This offers the beneficiaries of the facilities an opportunity to manage their day-to-day operations and maintenance. Reports on an approach adopted to engage the community in the management of local road network, water supply and sanitation in three major villages in Botswana. It analyses the method previously employed in managing these facilities and outlines the benefits which will accrue when this approach is fully operational. Concludes by underlining the fact that, for community-managed facilities to work, the people in the community need to participate in all the stages of the project (i.e. planning, design, construction and eventually maintenance).
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  • 18
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 331-339 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: There is an increasing demand for research in maintenance prioritization methods, as budgets for maintenance of public buildings are unlikely to meet the maintenance needs. It is possible for government maintenance authorities to improve this situation by ensuring that the best solution is achieved in the maintenance programme through appropriate priority setting methods. A maintenance plan that is based on a rational assessment of priorities and up-to-date knowledge of the condition of the property stock will help to ensure the best use of available resources. Critically reviews various methods of maintenance priority setting for public buildings in the UK and Hong Kong. It also provides recommendations for maintenance managers in selecting and using the most appropriate method for their own organizations.
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  • 19
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 5-11 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Notes that workplace violence is increasing, and new structures and policies that focus on preventing employee violence are necessary. Concern over the danger of violence on the job creates a new challenge for supervisors in all fields. There is no reason to panic; however, there is just cause for prudent action to increase safety and decrease the likelihood of any violent eruption in the workplace. Preventive measures include early identification of problems, decreasing the risk of disputes and thoughtful policies on handling stressful situations. Crisis preparedness requires tough self-assessment and tougher trade-offs, but the pay-off is clear. Creating systems that defuse the time bombs of stress and violence on the job is an investment in peace of mind for employers and workers alike.
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  • 20
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 18-21 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Many UK companies are establishing a physical presence in other European countries. This means owning or leasing property which may need adapting and will need maintaining. Highlights a number of differences in the processes used to have building work carried out by small builders in the UK and France. UK managers unused to dealing with building projects in other countries need to be aware of the possible differences in culture and regulations. Compares current practices in the UK and France.
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  • 21
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 12-17 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Examines the rationale behind the conservation movement in Singapore and presents a post-construction analysis of the performance of the Chinatown pilot conservation project. This project was one of the earliest batches of shophouse restoration projects carried out and managed by the government agency, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore. This project was classified as a formative period project way back in 1989 when it was used to demonstrate the government's commitment to conservation. On completion, the Chinatown pilot conservation project consists of 45 shops at ground floor with 93 other upper floor units. Aims to evaluate the performance of this project from its physical, economic and social perspective. For this purpose, all occupants of the restored units as well as 80 locals and tourists were surveyed in the third quarter of 1996. Analyses and presents the findings of this survey.
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  • 22
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 22-28 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Describes the first phase of a research project which aims to define a meta-model for corporate real estate management (CREM). A literature review of similar studies in the field and of science theories and techniques is applied in the study of 38 different publications describing features used to manage real estate in a wide range of public and private organizations. The main groups of features are structured in a framework which classifies the concepts, methods, tools and techniques quoted in the publications. The methodology used to classify these models can be applied in other models to increase the knowledge base in which the framework is built.
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  • 23
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Lists groups to be considered at the start of a building project in order to improve internal air quality. Provides several symptoms of sick building syndrome, as described by the World Health Organization, and details some regulations and certain recommendations as to the original design. Considers some common indoor and outdoor pollutants, and concludes that the workforce should contribute to a healthy environment by reporting to management when dissatisfied.
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  • 24
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Based largely on a series of reports and written guidelines to NHS trust members of the Unit for Facilities Management Research Health Service Forum who took part in a comprehensive and collaborative "catering benchmarking" exercise. Aims to introduce the concept of "process benchmarking" in the context of facilities services and demonstrate the relevance and use of generic process analysis. Also aims to assist those who wish to become involved in such exercises by guiding them at the planning, information gathering and analysis stages.
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  • 25
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 34-41 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Describes how problems associated with total quality management (TQM) can be overcome by adopting a total safety management (TSM) approach. Identifies TQM problems of definition, measurement systems, resourcing, implementation, and measurement of culture. Advocates TSM strategies to overcome them. These strategies result in increased quality, reliability and competitiveness, while also satisfying legislative requirements for safety. Outlines a variant of Bandura's model of "reciprocal determinism" to assist in the ongoing analyses and implementation of a positive safety culture. The model proposed takes into account the dynamic interrelationships between safety climate, safety management systems, and motivational strategies to improve safety behaviour. Supporting evidence suggests that this model may have considerable utility when applied to other forms of organizational culture.
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  • 26
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 62-65 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Points out that the development of health care has always been partially dependent on facilities and supporting services. Reports on the progress that has been made in the UK National Health Service (NHS) towards the co-ordination of supporting services into facilities management directorates with NHS hospital trusts. To assess the extent to which the director of facilities management is in a position to influence the trust's strategic development, business planning and policy decision making, also investigates the seniority of directors of facilities management within their trusts.
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  • 27
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 42-49 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Presents the preliminary findings of a one-year British Library Research and Development Department-funded project looking at disaster management in British libraries. Based on visits to some 30 organizations within and outside the library profession and analysis of 62 library disaster control plans, considers the terms "disaster", "disaster control planning" and "disaster management", highlighting the central role of the written disaster control plan. Emphasizes the need for these plans to be managed and supported by risk assessments and regular inspections of buildings and equipment, the identification and use of reliable expert advice, staff training programmes and contingency planning for temporary services, accommodation and storage. Underlines the importance of personnel issues such as the careful selection of those responsible for disaster management and staff counselling following a disaster, and also the need to investigate insurance cover and to consider the installation of fire detection and suppression systems.
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  • 28
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 90-91 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reports on a new information storage and retrieval system which handles both electronic and paper-based data by means of a common indexing system. Briefly describes the system which enables the capture, indexation, control, management, storage and distribution of electronic and paper-based documents.
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  • 29
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 118-121 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: From 1 March 1997, chartered surveyors acting as expert witnesses must comply with an RICS Practice Statement and Guidance Notes. Failure to do so may constitute a disciplinary matter. Considers how compliance with the Practice Statement should assist in bringing an earlier resolution of survey claims.
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  • 30
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    Structural survey 15 (1997), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Considers aspects of the requirements of the current building regulations as they relate to fire design and fire safety. Reviews the requirements of Part B in respect of occupancy and travel distances. States that research would suggest that a designer may be required to provide additional escape facilities in one part of the country and not in another and that research would suggest that scope for flexibility is significant.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 275-276 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reviews how manufacturers have traditionally looked for ways of improving their control and planning methods, and chronicles how these developed into MRP and MRP II systems; reports how Thomas Vollman of the International Institute of Management Development in Switzerland now sees these as completely at odds with the concepts of just-in-time, continuous improvement, empowerment and teamwork, and notes that upgrades to MRP systems are still being sought as though mass production, and command and control were still the driving forces. Suggests a checklist of questions that should be answered before such expenditure is made, and advocates the adoption of more customer-based systems.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Maintains that manufacturing excellence needs to be extended to cover design, procurement, packaging and customer service, and highlights the characteristics of those organizations that in 15 years time will be considered to belong to the so-called Island of Excellence. Asserts that excellence will be a function of customer fulfilment, and sees this as being achieved through boundary-less jobs, people development, and compensation and rewards. Identifies training, non-monetary reward systems and creation of knowledge workers as they key factors for excellence in 2010, and sees manufacturing organization split in two: Islands of Excellence and the rest.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 277-278 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reviews the opinions of Bob Barker of the UK's Hanson Electrical about the state of British manufacturing, and asserts that companies need to be aligned in support of the value chain; maintains that "push" systems are still in place, and finds that manufacturing is isolated from information flow, management accounting and human resources. Tabulates four stages in the development of the needed, adaptive, learning mindset, and details the organizational characteristics of each stage. Concludes there needs to be a revolutionary change in thinking, and suggests how British industry can unlock value-adding capability.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Forward maintenance is the process of forecasting predictive property maintenance. The traditional approach was to undertake a condition survey. These surveys invariably lead to an indented maintenance need which exceeds the resources available by a significant factor. Describes the traditional approach and goes on to suggest that, with modern information technology, the process can be re-engineered. The re-engineered process enables the site surveyors to collect condition factors as objectively as possible; includes risk and management factors. Goes on to describe how all these factors can be included in an organization-specific priority matrix which can lead to a maintenance programme. Also suggests that this is only feasible if the process is a real-time one and the data collection is practical.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 118-124 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summarizes the results of the 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 surveys of chief real estate officers (CREOs) from major organizations in Europe and North America. The annual survey has been supported by the International Association of Corporate Real Estate Executives (NACORE International) and the Industrial Development Research Council (IDRC), two leading professional associations concerned with this field of professional activity. The emphasis of this summary is on two aspects of the survey: the incidence of corporate real estate management (CREM) policies, functions, and activities; and the assessment of knowledge or skills relevant to the CREM function in the future. Both are of paramount interest to the educational institutions concerned with CREM on both sides of the Atlantic. This includes the educational organs of international organizations concerned with corporate real estate, such as NACORE and IDRC, which play increasingly important roles in the education of their members. The CREMRU annual survey will hopefully offer a useful tool in the international educational effort in this field.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 261-262 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Defines webs as a cluster of companies which collaborate around a particular technology, and asserts that two preconditions are essential for their formation; states these to be a technological standard and increasing returns, and discusses the implications of these to participants. Sees two possible strategic roles for participants: adaption and shaping, and lists the success factors appropriate to each. Forecasts the development of customer webs, organized around market segments, and market webs, organized around particular transactions.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 283-284 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Records the increasing trend toward outsourcing some of the activities of human resource departments, and presents figures from the USA; discusses the reasons why outsourcing is considered in this area, and reviews the type of services that are outsourced most frequently. Maintains that each service considered for outsourcing should be evaluated on its strategic, operational and maintenance aspects, and suggests a five-step decision making process.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 285-286 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Claims that many attempts to introduce teamworking within organizations fail, and asserts that this is largely due to the underlying corporate culture; maintains that many organizations still have a hierarchical structure and use management practices which are incompatible with the concept of teamworking, and avers that teams require certain cultural characteristics to succeed. Reviews the dimensions of corporate culture, and relates them to the environment conducive to the effective use of teams.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 287-288 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reports on the views of three keynote speakers at the Institute of Personnel and Development's recent conference at Harrogate, UK, and presents their opinions on how to develop innovation and creativity in organisations; presents Gareth Morgan's approach to change management, and discusses the structure of organizations as envisaged by Gifford Pinchot, who coined the term "intrapreneur". Reviews the experiences of Brazil's Ricardo Semler in running his family business, and focuses on his experimentations with satellites spun off from the main business and run by supported former employees on a freelance basis.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 263-264 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reviews the impact of interactive marketing, and defines it as any kind of marketing which takes place through interactive media; details the trends in the numbers of people connected to the Internet, and lists the marketing advantages in terms of low cost per contact, but sees data security and privacy as the main reasons for the slow growth of actual purchasing. Foresees that technological advance will overcome these problems, and suggests to companies the steps they need to make to move from information interactivity to transactional interactivity.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 265-266 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Identifies the cultural boundaries in an organization that impede the implementation of information systems, and focuses on that between IT users and IT developers; uses the experiences of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute to illustrate how this problem was recognized, and details the steps taken to achieve a successful implementation. Itemizes the lessons learned in effecting change management, and sees the major difficulty as getting the users and developers actually talking to one another.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 267-268 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Maintains that creating organisational networks for linking up PCs based upon Windows and Intel microprocessors will shortly be a relatively expensive option, and forecasts the growth of stripped down PCs as network devices working with servers across networks. Details the differences between the two sorts of systems, and presents figures for the forecast increase in shipments of the cheaper network devices. Notes the increasing use of the Internet as a driving force, and sees the service providers increasingly establishing dedicated virtual networks for individual businesses.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 269-270 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reviews how International Management Centres (IMC) have used their world wide network to facilitate managerial learning in corporations, and points out how the Internet is now used to provide courseware, set up interactive groups of students and to access an on-line library; outlines how in 1995 IMC's information dissemination systems was improved by seeking certification under ISO 9002, and itemizes how the process itself galvanized the organization. Discusses the benefits that have accrued since certification was granted in November 1996, and notes how it has facilitated joint-venture discussions with partner universities.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 84-89 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Follows a previous paper arguing that a new breed of "interface manager" is emerging, bridging between an organization's core business and its total working environment. To support this role, a new form of performance knowledge is needed, and will be created by combining business control information with workplace performance information. Explains "performance pyramid" model which will assist interface managers to relate to the key performance indicators of their business to working environment effectiveness. This will allow managers to communicate more easily the value added to the organization through its working environment.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 72-83 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Aims to provide a clearer understanding of the perceived role of property and facilities management of higher education institutions. Shows that the provision in this area needs to be matched to the organization's strategic direction. Outlines the position of estates management in HE institutions; the property manager's understanding of the HE business; the role of property in HE institutions; and current strategic estates management practice.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 66-71 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Reports on research which was funded by the 20 NHS trusts which are members of the Health Service Facilities Management Research and Application Forum co-ordinated by the Unit for Facilities Management Research at Sheffield Hallam University. Using a literature search and by collecting primary data from NHS and non-NHS organizations, tested the hypothesis that the introduction of multiskilling and/or generic working can give an organization greater efficiency and also provide job enrichment for its workers. These benefits will increasingly lead NHS trusts to introduce these systems as a means of making effective use of the available resources. Refers to recent changes in the pattern of working in NHS trusts. Uses various case studies to provide guidance. These, together with the primary information, are used to identify the key success factors and the potential dangers of implementing multiskilling or generic working. Also outlines steps for the introduction of these policies into an NHS trust.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 92-96 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: States that recent rapid changes affecting the UK building industry require that the sector introduces increased efficiencies, innovations and cost reductions. Addresses the historical perspective and identifies why many building firms are resistant to change. Analyses the primary change drivers faced by all. Presents a view on the initiatives that will constitute the way forward. Outlines further steps industry leaders will need to take.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 125-133 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Modern building systems, such as HVAC, lighting, life safety, security, vertical transportation and electrical power distribution, make use of modern direct digital control and communication technologies. Such an approach has initiated the use of the adjective ?smart? when referring to buildings that are equipped with a significant portion of these new systems. Integrated building automation and management systems (BAS/BMS) have been developed for newly constructed commercial, domestic and industrial buildings. Building management staff can gain access to any building system through the BAS for the purpose of data monitoring and real-time control inside the control room. With the advent of Internet technology, all critical data in a BAS can be transmitted to and from any authorized user around the world, who can then perform the same function of monitoring and control even when the user is thousands of miles away from the building as when the user is sitting in front of the control console inside the control room. Describes the development and features of the Internet-based system using an air-handling unit simulator as an illustrative example. Discusses details of the hardware and software of the Internet site.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 134-141 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Discusses the implications of auto-ID technology advances in the area of facilities management. Advocates the use of auto-ID for the development of "building intelligence", whereby information can be obtained locally without reliance on a networked information system. Barcoding, often thought of as a rather static technology, is in fact undergoing quite radical changes which enable the codes to store massive amounts of information. This low cost information storage system is one of a number of auto-ID solutions which require further development, particularly in the area of standards, if information is to be genuinely exchangeable between manufacturers, contractors and building owners. Describes some of the work currently being undertaken at the University of Reading concerned with the introduction of auto-ID standards in construction and facilities management.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 142-149 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Follows a previous paper which outlined a "performance pyramid" model, designed to enable interface managers to relate the key performance indicators of their business to working environment effectiveness. The concept allows managers to communicate more easily the value-added contribution of the working environment to the organization, through close communication with finance, human resources and operations managers in strategic decision making. For reasons of client confidentiality, uses a fictional case study which includes real experiences observed in a number of organizations and puts these elements together under the performance pyramid model.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 150-154 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The application of modern project management techniques to the commercial relocation sector, particularly in regard to scheduling and the handling of IT systems, has transformed the relocation industry. The services offered by commercial relocation consultancies and some of the larger commercial removal companies now extend beyond the traditional roles into providing a wide range of project management solutions. They provide complete turnkey programmes, appointing a project team to manage the move from its early stages through to completion. Their services include evaluating current working environments and methods of working, analysing and comparing costs and benefits of the options available, providing information used in the decision-making process and assisting companies to find the correct solution for them. Whether refitting, churning or relocation is required, the industry uses advanced techniques of project management and computer-aided facilities management to ensure that company downtime and disruption is minimal.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 0263-2772
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The emergence of intelligent buildings is likely to impose significant demands on facilities managers into the twenty-first century. Whether we choose the term intelligent or not, building intelligence permeates through every feature of the modern building. The capabilities of the facilities management team are tested not only in terms of their technological know-how. Perhaps more importantly it is technological uncertainty and organizational change which are likely to demand more sophisticated approaches to building design, procurement, project management, team working and operations management. The work environment that the modern building facilitates is undergoing a transformation. There is evidence of a need for a new way of dealing with the uncertainties and ambiguities of the intelligent building. In turn, this demands a fundamentally new approach to educating the facilities manager of the future. Looks at two courses in intelligent buildings which serve quite different needs in the educational arena. Discusses the extent to which such courses will fulfil the needs of the marketplace in helping to deliver more productive working environments.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 177-186 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The contract catering segment of the UK hospitality industry has expanded rapidly over the past decade, yet few contemporary hospitality researchers acknowledge the existence of this significant market sector. Seeks to rectify this by examining the size, scope and market position of the UK contract catering sector. Documents past experiences of commercial and public sector catering units to illustrate the move of contract catering management towards facilities management. Discusses future trends in an attempt to determine the future role of contract catering management within facilities.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 187-194 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Identifies and describes issues associated with implementing integrated workplacestrategies into commercial office facilities. In particular, recognizes some of the effects of such implementations, which arenot always fully anticipated or considered by those who are initiators of such changes. Examines the current workplaceenvironment to identify those factors which are promoting the redesign of specific workplaces and the expectations of users ofsuch places. Describes a study of the implementation of an integrated strategy into the workplace of an international energycompany, including a post-occupancy evaluation which exposes the degree of satisfaction expressed by users to a range ofperformance characteristics of the revised workplace, in particular those which have a direct impact on business performance.Concludes by confirming the critical issues associated with workplace design which arise from the study and highlights thosewhich justify investigation and research.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 220-223 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Argues that facilities managers can no longer ignore specialist areas such as capital allowance. Explains what capital allowances are and looks at the issues involved in making a claim. Highlights the need for a sound information retrieval system and covers the problems likely to be encountered in setting up such a system.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 224-226 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Posits that facilities managers face a challenge on all fronts, especially with regard to use of space, and itemizes the possible, helpful solutions to this. Concludes that space, time and, most importantly, the process linking them will produce the best solutions.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 195-203 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Operational property is increasingly recognizedas an important asset capable of effective management. Indeed, premises can play a significant role by affecting organizationalproductivity and supporting corporate mission. Many organizations occupy leased properties owned by investment institutions whichaim to benefit from their assets through capital appreciation and rental return. The achievement of these objectives can berelated to the facilities value of an office building as determined by design/quality and tenant organizationcharacteristics. Reports the results of a post-occupancy evaluation survey carried out in the City of London. The resultsillustrate the variability of tenant characteristics, their property requirements and their perceptions of functionalperformance. The use of building performance appraisal techniques within the investment management function is necessary for thecreation of value for both parties. Suggests that facilities management professionals with expertise in the measurement andbenchmarking of building performance are well placed for providing unbiased information to investment decision makers.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 227-232 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Examines the nature of the year 2000 date-change problem and considers the implications for the operation of facilities. Describes a risk management approach which embraces both management and technical implementation. Emphasizes the need for clear understanding of what is meant by year 2000 conformity; how year 2000 conformity implementation should be managed by in-house teams and in dealing with contractors. Highlights the level of understanding of the problem in industry at large and suggests a method for priortizing year 2000 conformity.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 233-240 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The trend in facilities management towards outsourcing is in conflict with the current trend towards holistic low energy building design. Designers are busily "designing out" building services, in favour of new passive/low energy technologies which are integrated into the building envelope. A lack of understanding of each other's discipline allows designers to produce "passively" controlled buildings which are difficult for facilities managers to manage. Examines the nature of the conflict between holistic "passive" building design and facilities management. Includes a case study based on ten recently constructed passive/mixed-mode buildings. The case study appraises each building with respect to facilities management, and identifies specific problem areas that could be improved and which are in need of further investigation.
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    Facilities 15 (1997), S. 241-254 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Presents an AHP (analytical hierarchy process) decision model for facility location selection from the view of organizations which contemplate locations of a new facility or a relocation of existing facilities. The AHP model provides a framework to assist managers in analysing various location factors, evaluating location site alternatives, and making final location selections. The primary principle of the AHP model is to match decision-makers' preferences with location site characteristics. The model requires that a number of potential sites have been proposed. Alternatives are then evaluated and compared under both quantitative and qualitative factors to allow managers to incorporate managerial experiences and judgement in the solution process. Uses an example problem to illustrate the solution process. Addresses managerial implications for future research.
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