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  • Artikel  (16)
  • lead  (16)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1997  (16)
  • Energietechnik  (16)
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  • Artikel  (16)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (16)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FATE AND TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANT LEAD IN SPODOSOLS: A SIMPLE BOX MODEL ANALYSIS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 381-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): lead ; Hubbard Brook ; spodosol ; forest floor ; particles and colloids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A dynamic simulation based on a simple box model was made to predict Pb transport in spodosols of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Simulated results suggest that labile Pb in the forest floor may be undergoing a rapid loss, and that Pb content may reach an equilibrium within ∼100 years with a steady-state level of approximately 0.2 kg ha-1 (concentration = 1.3 μg g-1). The predicted Pb loss from the forest floor is much higher than the observed Pb export based on zero-tension lysimeters, which are designed to optimize measurement of dissolved substances. It is suspected that lysimeters might have failed to effectively collect particles and colloids. The dissolved Pb2+ loss from the forest floor, which is governed by nonlinear retardation, is insignificant relative to total Pb losses, so linear rate removal of particles and colloids from the forest floor is an adequate approximation of Pb transport. The mineral soil is currently acting as a net sink for the Pb released from the forest floor. The model suggests that Pb content in and Pb output from the mineral soil has been increasing since the 1970s. This increase should continue until a steady-state is reached in about 100 years. Unlike the forest floor, the mineral soil loses its Pb via dissolved forms that are regulated by nonlinear adsorption/desorption retardation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026478128482
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fate and transport of contaminant lead in spodosols: A simple box model analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 381-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): lead ; Hubbard Brook ; spodosol ; forest floor ; particles and colloids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A dynamic simulation based on a simple box model was made to predict Pb transport in spodosols of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Simulated results suggest that labile Pb in the forest floor may be undergoing a rapid loss, and that Pb content may reach an equilibrium within ∼100 years with a steady-state level of approximately 0.2 kg ha−1 (concentration = 1.3 μg g−1). The predicted Pb loss from the forest floor is much higher than the observed Pb export based on zero-tension lysimeters, which are designed to optimize measurement of dissolved substances. It is suspected that lysimeters might have failed to effectively collect particles and colloids. The dissolved Pb2+ loss from the forest floor, which is governed by nonlinear retardation, is insignificant relative to total Pb losses, so linear rate removal of particles and colloids from the forest floor is an adequate approximation of Pb transport. The mineral soil is currently acting as a net sink for the Pb released from the forest floor. The model suggests that Pb content in and Pb output from the mineral soil has been increasing since the 1970s. This increase should continue until a steady-state is reached in about 100 years. Unlike the forest floor, the mineral soil loses its Pb via dissolved forms that are regulated by nonlinear adsorption/desorption retardation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406175
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental investigation of transport of strongly retained species by soil columns (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): transport ; soil columns ; breakthrough curves ; lead ; proton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Column experiments have been extensively used in transport studies of major cations but few investigations are available on migration through soils of strongly retained species that are environmentally relevant (like heavy metals). By presenting some selected experiments (lead and proton step-breakthrough tests in different conditions), this study shows that the soil-column technique is also applicable in the case of species which exhibit very large retention factors. The use of very small soil columns (about 0.4 mL of pore volumes) combined with relatively high flow rates (0.1–0.3 mL min−1 ) allows to observe the entire breakthrough curve (adsorption and desorption front up to 5000 pore volumes) in reasonable experimental time, in reproducible conditions and without experimental drawbacks. In the adopted experimental conditions no kinetic effects, related to diffuse transport and sorption reaction were recognized; moreover, Peclet number was higher than 60. Consequently, it was possible to calculate the equilibrium isotherms from the diffuse fronts of the breakthrough. Knowledge that can be derived, concerning the reversibility of the adsorption process, the influence of complexation on the adsorption, the kinetics of complex formation, and the effect of dissolution on proton transport, is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406173
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN AEROSOL SAMPLES COLLECTED ON GLASS FIBER FILTERS BY AN IMPROVED ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY METHOD (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): atmospheric aerosol ; acid digestion procedure ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; heavy metal ; lead
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a simple, reliable, economical, safe, accurate and reproducible method for atmospheric aerosol lead determination in glass fiber filters, consisting on an acid digestion procedure and atomic absorption spectrometry quantification. The acid digestion is accelerated by the use of a microwave oven with capped Teflon PFA vessels, and a two steps power and time program. The mixture of 10 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HF was selected between many tries, for both economic and environmental reasons. The use of direct standards for quantification is proposed instead of added standards on filters, using background correction (deuterium lamp). The filter lead content quantification was carried out through blank analyses. Lead determinations were carried out then in 2629 samples of atmospheric aerosol at three sampling points in the city of Cartagena (Spain), from 1990 to 1994. We present the annual average of these values for each year and sampling location.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026442109576
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The concentrations of lead in urban and nonurban atmospheres of Won Ju city, Korea (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 255-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): atmosphere ; Korea ; lead ; Pb/Fe ratio ; urban/nonurban
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The geographical and temporal distribution patterns of atmospheric lead (Pb) were investigated using the data acquired from four sampling locations in Won Ju City, Kang Won Do, Korea (February 1991 to August 1995). The monthly atmospheric Pb concentrations of four study sites were found in the range of 0.0005–0.250 (site #1: grassland, N=47), 0.013–0.405 (site #2: residential, N=53), 0.004–0.420 (site #3: commercial, N=50), and 0.004-1.881 µg m−3 (site #4: industrial, N=52). From all four sampling stations, maximum concentrations of Pb commonly occurred during winter, whilst minimum concentrations were typically observed during summer. Although seasonal differences in meteorological conditions are important to explain such temporal distribution trends, the increase in Pb levels during the spring season, especially during the month of April appears to reflect the influence of soil dust evasion from China. While Pb distributions were strongly affected by seasonality, examination of inter-annual variation trends revealed that the Pb levels had been gradually decreasing over the study periods and that such phenomenon was ubiquitous throughout all the study sites. The annual decrease rates of Pb, computed from the regression analysis, spanned from -0.014 (grassland) to -0.055 µg m−3 yr−1 (industrial). The existence of strong geographical variabilities was also confirmed by the development of a concentration gradient across the four sampling sites on the order: industrial (0.326±0.307, N=52) ≫ commercial (0.157±0.104, N=50) 〉 residential (0.149±0.102, N=53) 〉 grassland (0.088±0.060, N=47). A series of statistical analysis on the data sets in concert with computation of Pb/Fe elemental ratios indicate that the industrial sources may not directly be influencing the Pb levels of the other studied sites. Albeit changes in its long-term distribution trends, the data collected from this study confirm that atmospheric Pb may be classified as a group of constituents whose distribution is rather predictable spatiotemporally due both to: (1) strong repetitiveness of seasonal distribution trends and (2) relative spatial homogeneities that are associated with its unique physicochemical properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047038
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    soil lead levels in orchards and roadsides of mission peninsula, michigan (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): lead ; lead arsenate ; orchards ; soil ; Michigan ; automobile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The Pb content in orchard soils at Mission Peninsula, Michigan was determined to assess the impact of historical lead arsenate applications. Soil samples at 72 sites located in five orchards were collected at depths of 2-, 20-, 50-, and 100 cm. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify Pb levels (μg g-1). Mean surface Pb levels at individual orchards ranged from〈 1–136 μg g-1 and rapidly decreased with depth, to 〈1–5 μg g-1 at 100 cm. The impact of textural class and slope angle on Pb levels was also analyzed. Correlation coefficients linking Pb levels with textural class were weak, ranging from 0.21 to –0.07. Varying slope steepness and slope position within orchards failed to affect the spatial pattern of soil Pb. Soil Pb levels were also compared at 5 sites along local roads with varying levels of automobile traffic. Samples were collected 1 m from the roadside at the same depth intervals studied in orchards. Average daily traffic along the busiest roadsites ranged from 8200 to 16 000; these sites had Pb levels of 90–210 μg g-1. Such locales had Pb levels similar to the more intensively sprayed orchards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026459704894
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Soil lead levels in orchards and roadsides of mission Peninsula, Michigan (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): lead ; lead arsenate ; orchards ; soil ; Michigan ; automobile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The Pb content in orchard soils at Mission Peninsula, Michigan was determined to assess the impact of historical lead arsenate applications. Soil samples at 72 sites located in five orchards were collected at depths of 2−, 20-, 50−, and 100 cm. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify Pb levels (jig g−1). Mean surface Pb levels at individual orchards ranged from 〈1–136 pg g−1 and rapidly decreased with depth, to 〈 1-5 μg g−1 at 100 cm. The impact of textural class and slope angle on Pb levels was also analyzed. Correlation coefficients linking Pb levels with textural class were weak, ranging from 0.21 to −0.07. Varying slope steepness and slope position within orchards failed to affect the spatial pattern of soil Pb. Soil Pb levels were also compared at 5 sites along local roads with varying levels of automobile traffic. Samples were collected 1 m from the roadside at the same depth intervals studied in orchards. Average daily traffic along the busiest roadsites ranged from 8200 to 16 000; these sites had Pb levels of 90–210 μg g−1. Such locales had Pb levels similar to the more intensively sprayed orchards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406069
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT OF STRONGLY RETAINED SPECIES BY SOIL COLUMNS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): transport ; soil columns ; breakthrough curves ; lead ; proton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Column experiments have been extensively used in transport studies of major cations but few investigations are available on migration through soils of strongly retained species that are environmentally relevant (like heavy metals). By presenting some selected experiments (lead and proton step-breakthrough tests in different conditions), this study shows that the soil-column technique is also applicable in the case of species which exhibit very large retention factors. The use of very small soil columns (about 0.4 mL of pore volumes) combined with relatively high flow rates (0.1–0.3 mL min-1 ) allows to observe the entire breakthrough curve (adsorption and desorption front up to 5000 pore volumes) in reasonable experimental time, in reproducible conditions and without experimental drawbacks. In the adopted experimental conditions no kinetic effects, related to diffuse transport and sorption reaction were recognized; moreover, Peclet number was higher than 60. Consequently, it was possible to calculate the equilibrium isotherms from the diffuse fronts of the breakthrough. Knowledge that can be derived, concerning the reversibility of the adsorption process, the influence of complexation on the adsorption, the kinetics of complex formation, and the effect of dissolution on proton transport, is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026474015336
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE CONCENTRATIONS OF LEAD IN URBAN AND NONURBAN ATMOSPHERES OF WON JU CITY, KOREA (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 98 (1997), S. 255-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): atmosphere ; Korea ; lead ; Pb/Fe ratio ; urban/nonurban
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The geographical and temporal distribution patterns of atmospheric lead (Pb) were investigated using the data acquired from four sampling locations in Won Ju City, Kang Won Do, Korea (February 1991 to August 1995). The monthly atmospheric Pb concentrations of four study sites were found in the range of 0.005-0.250 (site #1: grassland, N=47), 0.013–0.405 (site #2: residential, N=53), 0.004–0.420 (site #3: commercial, N=50), and 0.004-1.881 µg m-3 (site #4: industrial, N=52). From all four sampling stations, maximum concentrations of Pb commonly occurred during winter, whilst minimum concentrations were typically observed during summer. Although seasonal differences in meteorological conditions are important to explain such temporal distribution trends, the increase in Pb levels during the spring season, especially during the month of April appears to reflect the influence of soil dust evasion from China. While Pb distributions were strongly affected by seasonality, examination of inter-annual variation trends revealed that the Pb levels had been gradually decreasing over the study periods and that such phenomenon was ubiquitous throughout all the study sites. The annual decrease rates of Pb, computed from the regression analysis, spanned from –0.014 (grassland) to –0.055 µg m-3 yr-1 (industrial). The existence of strong geographical variabilities was also confirmed by the development of a concentration gradient across the four sampling sites on the order: industrial (0.326±0.307, N=52) ≫ commercial (0.157±0.104, N=50) 〉 residential (0.149±0.102, N=53) 〉 grassland (0.088±0.060, N=47). A series of statistical analysis on the data sets in concert with computation of Pb/Fe elemental ratios indicate that the industrial sources may not directly be influencing the Pb levels of the other studied sites. Albeit changes in its long-term distribution trends, the data collected from this study confirm that atmospheric Pb may be classified as a group of constituents whose distribution is rather predictable spatiotemporally due both to: (1) strong repetitiveness of seasonal distribution trends and (2) relative spatial homogeneities that are associated with its unique physicochemical properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026459527714
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of lead in aerosol samples collected on glass fiber filters by an improved atomic absorption spectrometry method (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 96 (1997), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): atmospheric aerosol ; acid digestion procedure ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; heavy metal ; lead
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a simple, reliable, economical, safe, accurate and reproducible method for atmospheric aerosol lead determination in glass fiber filters, consisting on an acid digestion procedure and atomic absorption spectrometry quantification. The acid digestion is accelerated by the use of a microwave oven with capped Teflon PFA vessels, and a two steps power and time program. The mixture of 10 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HF was selected between many tries, for both economic and environmental reasons. The use of direct standards for quantification is proposed instead of added standards on filters, using background correction (deuterium lamp). The filter lead content quantification was carried out through blank analyses. Lead determinations were carried out then in 2629 samples of atmospheric aerosol at three sampling points in the city of Cartagena (Spain), from 1990 to 1994. We present the annual average of these values for each year and sampling location.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407201
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead (1997)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 6 (1997), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): lead ; wood ducks ; sediment ingestion ; exposure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Waterfowl on lateral lakes of the Coeur d'Alene River and on Lake Coeur d'Alene have been poisoned for many years by lead (Pb) from mining and smelting. In 1992 we undertook a study in the area to determine the importance of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks (Aix sponsa) to Pb. Digesta were removed from the intestines of wood ducks collected from contaminated and reference areas. The mean Pb concentration in the digesta of wood ducks from the contaminated area was 32 p.p.m. dry weight. The sediment content was estimated to average less than 2% of the dry weight of the wood duck diet. The lead concentrations in the digesta were closely correlated with the concentrations of acid- insoluble ash, Al, Ti and Fe in the digesta and these four variables are associated with sediment. Samples containing low concentrations of these variables also had low concentrations of Pb. These results suggest that most of the Pb in the digesta came from ingested sediment, rather than from plant material in the diet. The importance of ingested sediment as a source of lead was unexpected, because wood ducks are surface feeders on aquatic plants and they rarely dabble beneath the surface or feed on the bottom. However, it appears that sediment ingestion is sometimes the principal route of exposure to environmental contaminants that are not readily taken up by plants and invertebrates and this route should be considered in risk assessments of waterfowl
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018670626114
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphate-enhanced movement of arsenic out of lead arsenate-contaminated topsoil and through uncontaminated subsoil (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): arsenic ; lead ; phosphorus ; heavy metal ; mobility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Past use of lead arsenate insecticides has resulted in elevated concentrations of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in topsoils of many existing and former deciduous tree fruit orchard sites throughout the world. Application of phosphate (PO4)-containing fertilizers to these soils can increase soil As solubility, phytoavailability and downward mobility. A laboratory soil column experiment was conducted to determine if As released by phosphate additions to a topsoil artificially contaminated with lead arsenate (1.65 mmol total Pb/kg; 1.10 mmol total As/kg) would be appreciably resorbed by the underlying uncontaminated subsoil. Treatments were a factorial combination of topsoil amendment with monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 0 or 16.67 mmol PO4/kg), and amount of leaching (1, 5 and 10 pore volume displacements (PVD) with distilled water under saturated flow conditions). Soil As decreased in the topsoil with increasing amount of leaching and increased in the subsoil. Addition of MAP substantially increased loss of topsoil As, promoted As transport into and through the subsoil, and increased dissolved As concentrations in the column leachates. After 10 PVDs, 95% of the initial soil As remained in the −MAP columns, while 56% of the initial soil As remained the +MAP columns. Dissolved Pb concentrations were 〈0.05μmol/L in all column leachates. The data are consistent with a mechanism of PO4-enhanced release of As in the topsoil and subsequent promotion of As movement through the subsoil by continuing competition of dissolved As and PO4 for ion adsorption sites. The experimental results indicate that use of PO4-containing fertilizers on lead arsenate-contaminated soils has the potential to greatly enhance downward movement of soil As.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02404759
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphate-Enhanced Movement of Arsenic Out of Lead Arsenate-Contaminated Topsoil and Through Uncontaminated Subsoil (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 243-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): arsenic ; lead ; phosphorus ; heavy metal ; mobility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Past use of lead arsenate insecticides has resulted in elevated concentrations of lead (Pb) andarsenic (As) in topsoils of many existing and former deciduous tree fruit orchard sites throughoutthe world. Application of phosphate (PO4)-containing fertilizers to these soils can increase soil Assolubility, phytoavailability and downward mobility. A laboratory soil column experiment wasconducted to determine if As released by phosphate additions to a topsoil artificially contaminatedwith lead arsenate (1.65 mmol total Pb/kg; 1.10 mmol total As/kg) would be appreciably resorbedby the underlying uncontaminated subsoil. Treatments were a factorial combination of topsoilamendment with monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 0 or 16.67 mmol PO4/kg), and amount ofleaching (1, 5 and 10 pore volume displacements (PVD) with distilled water under saturated flowconditions). Soil As decreased in the topsoil with increasing amount of leaching and increased inthe subsoil. Addition of MAP substantially increased loss of topsoil. As, promoted As transportinto and through the subsoil, and increased dissolved As concentrations in the column leachates.After 10 PVDs, 95% of the initial soil As remained in the -MAP columns, while 56% of the initialsoil As remained the +MAP columns. Dissolved Pb concentrations were 〈0.05 µmol/Lin all column leachates. The data are consistent with a mechanism of PO4-enhanced release of Asin the topsoil and subsequent promotion of As movement through the subsoil by continuingcompetition of dissolved As and PO4 for ion adsorption sites. The experimental results indicatethat use of PO4-containing fertilizers on lead arsenate-contaminated soils has the potential togreatly enhance downward movement of soil As.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022196704677
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    METAL EXTRACTABILITY AND AVAILABILITY IN A SOIL AFTER HEAVY APPLICATION OF EITHER NICKEL OR LEAD IN DIFFERENT FORMS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): nickel ; lead ; other metals ; salt ; sewage sludge ; acidifying agent (wastewater from olive oil processing) ; soil ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A greenhouse experiment using soil was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of different forms of either nickel or lead, together with an acidifying agent, on the distribution of Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn in wheat plants, and on the post-harvest extractability of these elements in the soil. Two treatments consisting of soil alone or soil mixed with sewage sludge at a rate of 200 Mg ha−1 were used as controls. Nickel (400 mg kg−1) or lead (1600 mg kg−1) was added to the soil as an inorganic salt or mixed previously with sewage sludge. Six further treatments including an acidifying agent (wastewater from olive oil processing: alpechin) were also prepared. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Mesa) plants were harvested 75 d after germination. Dry matter yield of wheat was increased by the addition of sewage sludge. No reductions in yield were observed after the addition of nickel or lead. Nickel concentration and uptake by wheat, and extractability from soil, were higher when the sewage sludge enriched in nickel was added to soil. This effect was enhanced when the acidifying agent was also added. In contrast, lead availability was higher after the addition of inorganic Pb to soil. The addition of both forms of Ni enhanced Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by the plant, whereas the addition of lead increased Zn and Cu. After harvesting, increases in extractable Zn and Cu in the soil were observed only in treatments with sewage sludge, and not after the addition of Ni or Pb, or after the addition of the acidifying agent. Decreasing the pH of the soil with the acidifying agent tended to increase Mn uptake by wheat, and Mn extractability from the soil after harvesting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026471115505
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metal extractability and availability in a soil after heavy application of either nickel or lead in different forms (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): nickel ; lead ; other metals ; salt ; sewage sludge ; acidifying agent (wastewater from olive oil processing) ; soil ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A greenhouse experiment using soil was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of different forms of either nickel or lead, together with an acidifying agent, on the distribution of Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn in wheat plants, and on the post-harvest extractability of these elements in the soil. Two treatments consisting of soil alone or soil mixed with sewage sludge at a rate of 200 Mg ha−1 were used as controls. Nickel (400 mg kg−1) or lead (1600 mg kg−1) was added to the soil as an inorganic salt or mixed previously with sewage sludge. Six further treatments including an acidifying agent (wastewater from olive oil processing: alpechin) were also prepared. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Mesa) plants were harvested 75 d after germination. Dry matter yield of wheat was increased by the addition of sewage sludge. No reductions in yield were observed after the addition of nickel or lead. Nickel concentration and uptake by wheat, and extractability from soil, were higher when the sewage sludge enriched in nickel was added to soil. This effect was enhanced when the acidifying agent was also added. In contrast, lead availability was higher after the addition of inorganic Pb to soil. The addition of both forms of Ni enhanced Zn, Cu and Mn uptake by the plant, whereas the addition of lead increased Zn and Cu. After harvesting, increases in extractable Zn and Cu in the soil were observed only in treatments with sewage sludge, and not after the addition of Ni or Pb, or after the addition of the acidifying agent. Decreasing the pH of the soil with the acidifying agent tended to increase Mn uptake by wheat, and Mn extractability from the soil after harvesting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407091
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heavy Metals and Selenium in Herring Gulls (LARUS ARGENTATUS) NESTING IN COLONIES FROM EASTERN LONG ISLAND TO VIRGINIA (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 48 (1997), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): herring gulls ; heavy metals ; selenium ; feathers ; bioindicator ; mercury ; lead ; cadmium ; chromium ; manganese
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract With increasing interest in assessing the health or well-being ofcommunities and ecosystems, birds are being used asbioindicators. Coloniallynesting species breed mainly in coastal areas that are alsopreferred for humandevelopment, exposing the birds to various pollutants. Inthis paper concentrations of heavy metal and selenium in the feathers ofHerring Gulls(Larus argentatus) nesting in several colonies fromMassachusetts toDelaware are reported. There were significant differencesamong colonies forall metals, with metal concentrations being two to nearly fivetimes higher atsome colonies than others. Selenium showed the leastdifference, and cadmium showed the greatest difference among sites. Concentrations of lead werehighest at Prall‘s Island; mercury was highest at Shinnecock,Huckleberry andHarvey, and manganese was highest at Captree.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005760321417
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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