Abstract
This paper presents a simple, reliable, economical, safe, accurate and reproducible method for atmospheric aerosol lead determination in glass fiber filters, consisting on an acid digestion procedure and atomic absorption spectrometry quantification. The acid digestion is accelerated by the use of a microwave oven with capped Teflon PFA vessels, and a two steps power and time program. The mixture of 10 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HF was selected between many tries, for both economic and environmental reasons. The use of direct standards for quantification is proposed instead of added standards on filters, using background correction (deuterium lamp). The filter lead content quantification was carried out through blank analyses. Lead determinations were carried out then in 2629 samples of atmospheric aerosol at three sampling points in the city of Cartagena (Spain), from 1990 to 1994. We present the annual average of these values for each year and sampling location.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achilli, M., Barban, R., Zucchi, B. and Martinotti, W.: 1991,Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 57, 495.
Adams, M. J.: 1992, ‘Errors and Detection Limits’, inMethods of Environmental data Analysis, Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 181–212.
Appel, B. R.: 1993, ‘Atmospheric Sample Analysis and Sampling Artifacts’, inAerosol Measurement, Principles, Techniques and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 233–259.
Baron, P. A. and Willeke, K.: 1993, ‘Aerosol Fundamentals’, inAerosol Measurement, Principles, Techniques and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 8–22.
Bettinelli, M. and Baroni, U.: 1990,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 43, 33.
Casassas, E., Pérez-Vendrell, A. M. and Puignou, L.: 1991,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 45, 55.
Chester, R. and Bradshaw, G. F.: 1991,Marine Pollution Bulletin 22, 30.
Clevenger, T. E., Saiwan, Ch. and Koirtyohann, S. R.: 1991,Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1128.
GESAMP: 1990,The Atmospherics Inputs of Traces Species to the World Ocean, GESAMP Reports and Studies, WHO,38.
Gil, F., Pérez, M. L., Facio, A., Villanueva, E., Tojo, R. and Gil, A.: 1993,Clin. Chim. Acta 221, 23.
Harper, S. L., Walling, J., Holland, D. and Pranger, L.: 1983,Anal. Chem. 55, 1553.
Kammin, W. R. and Brandt, M. J.: 1988,Spectroscopy 4, 49.
Kingston, H. M. and Jassie, L. B.: 1986,Anal. Chem. 58, 2534.
Lee, K. W. and Ramamurthi, M.: 1993, ‘Filter Collection’, inAerosol Measurement. Principles, Techniques and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 179–205.
Lodge, J. P.: 1991,Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, pp. 763.
Loranger, S., Zayed, J. and Forget, E.: 1994,Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 74, 385.
Milacic, R. and Dolinsek, F.: 1994,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 57, 329.
Paudyn, A. M. and Smith, R. G.: 1992,Can. J. Appl. Spectrosc. 37, 95.
Rantala, R. T. T. and Loring, D. H.: 1989,Anal. Chim. Acta 220, 263.
Santerre, A., Mermet, J. M. and Villanueva, V. R.: 1990,Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 52, 157.
Santamaría, J., Fernández, M., Méndez, J. and Bomboi, M. T.: 1990,Fresen. J. Anal. Chem. 337, 362.
Smyth, M. R.: 1992,Chemical Analysis in Complex Matrices, Ellis Horwood, New York, p. 11.
Taylor, D. G.: 1977,Niosh Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd de., US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, p. 173–1.
Usero, J. and Gracia, I.: 1987,Int., J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 30, 69.
Vincent, J. H.: 1989,Aerosol Sampling: Science and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 390 pp.
Wang, C. F., Miau, T. T., Perng, J. Y., Yeh, S. J., Chiang, P.C., Tsai, H. T. and Yang, M. H.: 1989,Analyst 114, 1067.
Wark, K. and Warner, C. F.: 1991,Contaminación del Aire: Origen y Control, Limusa Noriega, México, pp. 650.
Wonders, J. H. A. M., Houweling, S., De Bont, F. A. J. and Van Leeuwen, H. P.: 1994,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 56, 193.
Yaaqub, R. R., Davies, T., Jickells, T. D. and Millers, J. M.: 1991,Atmos. Environ. 25A, 985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moreno-Grau, S., Pérez-Tornell, A., Bayo, J. et al. Determination of lead in aerosol samples collected on glass fiber filters by an improved atomic absorption spectrometry method. Water Air Soil Pollut 96, 145–153 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02407201
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02407201