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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (7,240)
  • Emerald  (5,705)
  • 1995-1999  (12,945)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1998  (6,240)
  • 1997  (6,705)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999  (12,945)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balance or bias? Information selection for the researcher (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Argues that the growing availability of information, especially from electronic sources, offers both potential and problems for the researcher. Increasingly, information has become a commodity, commissioned for a specific purpose and shaped to fit the needs of the commissioner. It follows that user requirements will dictate not just the research remit (what information to collect) but also the selection criteria (why the information is needed). Establishing why information is needed is an integral step in deciding on the particular focus or slant that any search strategy, and subsequent information analysis, must take. A comprehensive, or indeed a balanced, collection of information may be neither necessary nor desirable. End-users may only require information that will support their information need. Choice of information sources will also be governed by these information needs, and their selection is a vital factor in the provision of useful, relevant information and its successful communication to the end-user.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159863
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer abuse: vandalizing the information society (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the damaging effects that malicious computer abuse, such as hacking and viruses, can have on the development of an information-based society. Computing and telecommunications technologies are a key ingredient in the realization of this society, but are increasingly the targets of criminals and mischief makers. Highlights the apparent escalation in computer-abuse incidents, as illustrated by a number of recent surveys, and examines the effects that these may have on the public perception of technology (and, hence, the smooth transition to the information society). Also presents some broad recommendations regarding what can be done to address the problem. This considers both technical measures to help safeguard systems and revised attitudes to computer abuse, to insure that incidents can be dealt with more effectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159872
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  • 3
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    Security considerations of doing business via the Internet: cautions to be considered (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Looks at the growth and potential of the Internet in relation to security issues. Presently, lack of security is perceived as a major roadblock to doing business on-line. Risks of system corruption, fraud, theft and viruses point companies to the need for enhanced security. Investigates the importance of securing a company's systems, its individual users, and its commercial transactions, and provides a checklist along with a brief discussion of available protection measures for these three primary security concerns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159809
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    The information society and the Church (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 16-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses the (primarily Catholic) Church in the "information society," and explores the nature of communications in this context, and specifically the Internet. Suggests that the Church must embrace today's communications media and leverage its position as social and ethical advisor and counselor within the primarily capitalist social systems within which it operates. Sees the Internet as morally neutral technology, able to be utilized as a force for good or bad, education, propaganda and entertainment, and challenges the Church to embrace its utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159818
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    A view through the glass: aquariums on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Aquariums include exhibits and enclosures of freshwater and marine plant and animal species. Notes that a rapid expansion in the number of aquariums has occurred over the last ten years and in addition the complexity of exhibits and activities is also expanding in an aquarium "explosion." Points out that increasing interest in the environment and in marine life has led to significant economic success for aquariums. This is part of a trend in "entertainment and recreation involving animals" which also includes theme parks and zoos. Similar in many ways to museums and galleries, aquariums display species within restricted conditions. Lists various Internet addresses of aquariums using the Internet to take advantage of presentation techniques and wider audiences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159827
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  • 6
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    Brussels and the global information society (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers the correct role of the European Commission in the light of its dependency on information from all European Union institutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159845
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  • 7
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    OCLC's role on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Briefly describes the history of the Internet and OHIONET. Discusses OCLC's role and involvement in providing a comprehensive service nationwide. Covers OCLC's commitment to provide selected services to its members via the Internet, and details the advantages of this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710798990
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    World Thai Expert Link: a proposal in progress (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 32-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Proposes World Thai Expert Link (WorldTEL), to exploit new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), or telematics, as a main means of creating social groups and thus task-oriented workgroups in terms of motivational advantage and in a context of the psychology of interpersonal relations in a new geography of virtual space. Introduces the concept of "diaspora" communications in terms of the widespread distribution of special interest groups (e.g. experts, managers), highlighting related corporate communication issues, while concentrating on the Thai Expert diaspora. Touches on the critical philosophical issues and introduces a new relativity of space arising from the idea that, already, ICTs can enable spaces to move and people stay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159836
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  • 9
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    Online directories for library catalogs on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 48-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses two online directories, Hytelnet and Libgopher, which allow users to connect to a library catalog on the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710159854
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  • 10
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    Scholarly resources on the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 51-52 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes two categories of scholarly Internet resources: peer-reviewed electronic journals and academic discussion lists. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each in turn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710799007
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  • 11
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    Internet: the marketing challenge of the twentieth century (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet has evolved into a dynamic source of information as well as an extraordinary marketing tool that is able to reach nearly any user. The Internet phenomenon has become a source for gathering timely information and converting data into profitable results at a faster rate for many firms and individuals in this revolutionary era of the twentieth century. Participants of the economy from households to foreign markets have found this dynamic phenomenal system to be a way to reach the masses with a large percentage of the Earth's composite knowledge. Examines the revolutionary impact of the Internet on the discipline of marketing for the next decade and next century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165226
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Australian academic use of the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: It is widely assumed - and frequently asserted - that university communication practices are being radically transformed by the introduction of electronic communication. Explores the introduction of Internet access in a single university, the University of Canberra, located in the capital city of Australia. The prime objective was to identify the frequency and type of use that academic staff were making of the Internet during 1995, with supplementary objectives being to record perceptions of users toward the Internet, and barriers to its effective use. The principal finding is not unexpected: academics were making very varied use of the Internet. Some staff were utilizing some facilities on a daily basis; others were yet to begin exploring this new communication medium. A particular surprise was that at the time of this survey the Internet was being used very little for teaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165217
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  • 13
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    A model for monitoring Web site effectiveness (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Presents a model which organizations can use to monitor Web site effectiveness. Argues that anecdotal evidence can be colorful but is not useful in structuring and managing an effective site. Suggests that traditional disciplines of composition and communication - explicit purpose, coherent structure, relevant conclusion - should be applied to Web site design. Concludes that customer feedback must be managed in a disciplined way, by ensuring that feedback is representative of the customer population as a whole, not just of those with a propensity to comment; and that the purpose and aims of a Web site must be thought through with the utmost care and attention to give a higher likelihood of creating an effective site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165244
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  • 14
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    Internet: the ultimate reference tool? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Analyzes the Internet as a reference tool based on its ability to provide rapid access to authoritative information or sources of information. Reveals that the Internet provides no comprehensive mechanism for identifying quality information. Bibliographic structure is also disparate, making it impossible to adopt a coherent strategy for identifying quality information. A unified service interface would help alleviate this problem. An analysis of the use of the Internet by academic librarians reveals that existing bibliographic structure is not used to best advantage. Simple strategies which would limit these deficiencies, such as the use of electronic mail, are not used. Suitable training, from an introductory to advanced level, would alleviate this problem. Suggests the use of an amended version of Benson's decision tree as a pedagogical tool. This model would help to decide when to use the Internet and suggest search paths for different question types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165235
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  • 15
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    Real electronic commerce - smart cards on the superhighway (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 116-119 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses "smart cards" as electronic cash carriers. Examines technological innovations such as the Mondex "electronic purse" in the UK, where card values can be topped up by telephone. Forecasts that in the next few years, physical cash will be replaced as a main medium for transactions by "e-cash," which is cheaper to manufacture, more portable, and more versatile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165253
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  • 16
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    Financial services and the Internet - what does cyberspace mean for the financial services industry? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Financial services is undergoing a period of unprecedented change - new products, new entrants, mergers and acquisitions, downsizing ... and now another new delivery channel: the Internet. The performance attributes of the Internet are related to both the needs of consumers and the nature of financial services products. Suggests loans, cross-border services, payments and "knowledge/advice" as areas of opportunity in the early development of this new marketplace. Explores scenarios for the future development of "bancassurer" offerings and for electronic commerce as a whole. Draws on some of Hyperion's recent experience in helping to launch electronic commerce services on the Internet, reengineering of financial institutions and electronic cash, to suggest approaches for organizations wishing to participate in this new "marketspace." While businesses can now begin to develop strategies for exploiting cyberspace, argues that existing organizational structures may be inappropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165262
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  • 17
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    Get linked or get lost: marketing strategy for the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 161-169 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Develops detailed marketing strategy recommendations for online commerce based on the general popularity of the Internet, the unique nature of doing business there, and how its attributes may be utilized for a successful marketing presence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171805
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  • 18
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    Adult IT programs: a discourse on pedagogy strategy and the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 129-152 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses strategies for implementing modern knowledge management curricula in academic programs for adult professionals. References the perspectives of multidisciplinary curricula covering information and society; multimedia and hypermedia; electronic information design and presentation; and infrastructure development and implementation. The analysis assumes the increasing involvement of highly trained professionals in adult education programs; the continuing growth of corporate universities in scope and breadth; the integration of corporate programs with traditional colleges and universities; and the increasing use of the Internet as a mechanism to coordinate, supplement, support, and integrate learning experiences. Advances historical and pedagogical methodologies as a means to provide perspective and structure for program development and future research. References an information technology (IT) program for mid-career information managers in Northern California and serving the high-technology area known as Silicon Valley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710165271
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  • 19
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    The Internet in the context of cross-cultural management (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 189-194 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Documents the sequence of steps taken in setting up a cross-cultural management course, and making extensive use of the Internet to add to the reality of the experience for fourth-year and MBA students who, like most university students, have access to the Internet, a communication medium that allows inexpensive contact with other cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171823
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  • 20
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    Motivations for and barriers to Internet usage: results of a national public opinion survey (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 170-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Analyzes a national random telephone survey, carried out in October 1995, on the motivations for and barriers to Internet usage. Eight percent of the random sample reported being Internet users, while surprisingly another 8 percent reported being former users. In total, 85 percent of respondents reported having heard of the Internet. The survey showed evidence of a digital divide, Internet users being generally wealthier and more highly educated, and blacks and Hispanics disproportionately unaware of the Internet. Social and work networks appear to be important for stimulating interest in the Internet and providing users with support. As to reasons for using the Internet, socio-personal development appears to be the key driver, while nonusers have a decidedly different set of beliefs about the Internet's value. As to the barriers to Internet usage, even experienced users find it difficult to get started, which confirms other studies of this topic. Barriers include cost and difficulties in understanding how to use the Internet. Concludes that the results of the survey indicate that people strongly desire an easier-to-use Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171814
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  • 21
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    Business use of the Internet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 195-200 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines current and planned practices and the major benefits of communication-intensive information system applications. The Internet, once a government-controlled, tax-supported endeavor, is no longer restricted to noncommercial traffic. Contends that business use of the Internet has grown rapidly over the last several years, yet information technology managers still struggle to evaluate the contribution of this new technology in their organizations. Surveys were sent to a random selection of 500 companies to analyze current use and impact of the Internet in a business setting. Reports on the variety of expected values to be derived from use of the Internet indicated by respondents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171832
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  • 22
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    Cyberspace pornography: problems with enforcement (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 201-207 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Considers that, in addition to all the positive attributes of the Internet, negatives are bound to emerge. Negative influences include the ability of children to access information that is not suitable for their age and the absence of laws or legal legislation to limit this access to the material. Laws are in existence prohibiting young people under the age of 18 years from accessing sexually explicit or sexually deviant materials. The problem with the Internet is the fact that there is no sanction limiting people from posting material of this kind. Warns that as an increasing number of children get online, solutions to these controversial issues must be discussed openly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171841
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  • 23
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    Approaches for resolving dynamic IP addressing (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 208-216 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Knowledge of the Internet Protocol (IP) address is essential for connection establishment in certain classes of synchronous distributed applications, such as Internet telephony and video-conferencing systems. A problem of dynamic IP addressing arises when the connection to the Internet is through an Internet service provider, since the IP address is dynamically allocated only at connection time. Proposes and draws a contrast between a number of generic methods that can be classified as online and offline methods for the resolution of dynamic IP addressing. Online methods, which include the World Wide Web, exchange server and the dynamic Domain Name System, are only effective when both the caller and recipient are logged on to the Internet. On the other hand, offline methods, which include electronic mailing and directory service look-up, provide an additional means to allow the caller to leave messages when the recipient is not logged on to the Internet. Of these methods, the dynamic Domain Name System and directory service look-up appear to be the best for resolving dynamic IP addressing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710171850
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  • 24
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    The real world and virtual worlds (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 246-251 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Discusses some of the limitations of virtual reality (VR) with reference to socio-technical systems - the interaction of people with technology. Argues that VR has potential applications but that these applications may prove to be more limited than some proponents would suggest. Points to a significant opportunity for VR technology to be used in strategic partnership marketing and supply chain management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187240
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  • 25
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    Market research companies and new product development tools (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 305-318 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research investigates (1) the share of new product development (NPD) research services in market research (MR) companies' turnover, (2) MR companies' awareness and use of NPD tools and the modifications made to these NPD tools, and (3) MR company managers' perceptions of the influence of client use of commissioned NPD research on client NPD performance. The results from a sample of 35 Dutch and Belgium MR companies show that NPD research is a major growth area. MR companies mainly use qualitative research and focus on marketing-mix and product optimization services. A moderate awareness and use of NPD tools exists, although major differences between tools exist. In over 75 percent of all cases MR companies have adjusted the NPD tools they use. Especially customization and standardization of the tools have taken place. Analyzing the relationship between the level of use of commissioned NPD research and client NPD performance, no significant main effect is found. However, a positive effect exists between the use of MR companies' services and NPD performance for firms that specifically aim to solve NPD problems and/or increase their NPD success.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810229843
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  • 26
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    Ratemaking for postal services: a stochastic marginal cost pricing model (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 342-353 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Type of article Theoretical with worked example
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810229870
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  • 27
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    Pricing education in the United States of America: responding to the needs of business (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 336-341 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the affluent 1960s and 1970s, consumers tended to be price insensitive. Business consequently placed a low priority on pricing, and marketing educators in the USA responded by stressing the non-price elements of the marketing mix. As a result, when consumers became more price sensitive in the 1980s and 1990s, and business became more concerned about pricing, marketing was not involved. Now, however, marketing educators are beginning to respond to the renewed emphasis on price as a key component in consumers' perceived value. A new study shows an increase from 4 to 13 percent of US marketing education programs now including a course in pricing; another 22 percent are interested in adding one within two years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810229861
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  • 28
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    A tale of two cities: an examination of fashion designer retailing within London and New York (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 366-378 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The focus of this paper is two-fold. First, it examines the growth strategies adopted by fashion design houses to transform and reposition their businesses from relatively small, niche-market and privately-owned companies to stock market listed conglomerates which produce fashion and lifestyle products aimed at a lucrative and international middle retailing market. The second is to consider the geographical implications of these strategies as illustrated through an examination of their locational impact on London and New York. The findings of this research suggest that both cities have experienced unprecedented and parallel patterns of development, apparently as a result of the aggressive expansion activities of fashion designer companies. As such, the paper highlights the impact of internationalisation and strategic growth at the micro environmental level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237637
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  • 29
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    Using celebrity endorsers effectively: lessons from associative learning (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 400-409 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The use of celebrity endorsers in advertising is wide-spread - as much as 20 percent of all advertising use some type of celebrity endorser. Marketers invest significant dollars in securing the promotional support of well-known individuals. Associative learning principles are presented as a useful framework for understanding how celebrity endorsers can be used more effectively. Principles such as repetition, overshadowing, blocking, belongingness, CS pre-exposure, association set size, and extinction are introduced and linked to specific managerial suggestions for improving the use of celebrity endorsers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237718
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    Place-based marketing strategies, brand equity and vineyard valuation (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 379-399 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many firms, wine producers among them, have successfully communicated the quality of their products to the market by emphasizing the geographic origin, or location of production of critical ingredient(s) found in the product. The purpose of this article is to: introduce the concept of a "place-based" marketing strategy, i.e. a marketing strategy that identifies a consumer product with a specific geographic area; explain why it is essential to the wine business; and, why it may be superior to other types of marketing strategies for certain types of agricultural products. Additionally, traditional valuation techniques applied to agricultural land typically assume that agricultural goods are undifferentiable commodities. With the growing trend toward the production of "place-based" agricultural products, the traditional valuation methods omit an important variable - the potential for the geographical source to help develop a product's brand equity. This paper also discusses land valuation techniques and applies the concept of products of place to the trend among Californian wine growers to produce wines with vineyard designations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237673
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    Concepts and strategy guidelines for designing value enhancing sales promotions (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 410-420 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Sales promotions are probably the least understood and least analyzed of all the promotional tools, yet they are among the most costly and most frequently used. Today's top managers are relentlessly searching for new areas in which to cut costs and increase profits, so sales promotion are coming under greater scrutiny than ever. In order to justify and skillfully use expenditures on sales promotions for different objectives and target markets, marketing managers must understand some key concepts and thoroughly examine several critical variables across markets and among sales promotion tools themselves that impact directly on sales, profitability, and value added.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237745
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    Estimating the effect of odd pricing (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 421-432 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study used choice modelling to estimate the effect of odd pricing on the demand for three products: a $4 can of fly spray, a $7 block of cheese, and a $50 electric kettle, with each product represented by three different brands. For cheese and fly spray a significant odd-price effect was observed at 99 cents but not at 95 cents, whereas for the electric kettles a significant odd-price effect occurred at 95 cents but not at 99 cents. The estimated value of the odd-pricing effect ranged from 4 cents for fly spray, to 6 cents for cheese, to $3.18 for the kettles. The results of the study provide empirical support for the assumption that odd pricing generates greater-than-expected demand, at least at the individual brand level, and for the common practice of setting retail prices that end in 95 cents or 99 cents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237754
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    Pricing in separable channels: the case of parallel imports (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 433-440 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Multinational companies marketing their undifferentiated products to different countries unintentionally may create a problem for themselves. A low price in one country may encourage an enterprise to transship the products to another country with higher price, creating a new channel of parallel imports that competes with the authorized channels there. By setting prices reflecting differences in willingness to pay in the different countries, multinational firms are "setting" prices for their products in separable channels. In light of this problem of parallel import channels competing with the authorized channels, multinationals need to carefully establish their pricing strategies for the global marketplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810237763
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    Are Australasian brands different? (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 465-480 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Over the last 30 years a range of empirical generalisations has been developed about the performance of competitive brands in frequently purchased product categories. These generalisations have been based mainly on European and US data, and this paper addresses the question of whether they also hold in Australia and New Zealand. We examined consumer panel data from four different markets (supermarkets, department stores and retail fuel in Australia and retail fuel in New Zealand) and found similar patterns to those in Europe and the USA, although there were some minor exceptions, and also some interesting variations between markets. Our results suggest that there is much that Australasian marketers can learn from using models such as the Dirichlet, which was developed in the Northern hemisphere, to identify norms and exceptions in their own markets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244648
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    Competitive brand-choice and store-choice among Japanese consumers (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 481-494 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The equilibrium structure of packaged goods markets in Japan resembles that in Western economies: brands compete against each other in largely unsegmented markets, with the extent of consumers' brand-switching and divided loyalties between brands largely predictable from the differing market-shares of brands. Presented is an analysis of brand loyalty for packaged goods in Japan and comparisons are drawn with brand loyalty in Western industrialized countries such as the UK and USA. The effects of brand-specific differentiation are embodied principally in the size distribution of brands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244657
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    How advertising slogans can prime evaluations of brand extensions: further empirical results (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 497-508 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A replication of Boush's exploratory study provides further evidence about how advertising slogans prime evaluations of brand extensions. Two hypotheses are investigated. First, that a brand extension will be rated as more similar to existing family-branded products if the advertising slogan primes attributes that the brand extension shares with existing products than if the slogan primes attributes that the brand extension does not share with the existing family-branded products. Second, given a positively evaluated brand, a brand extension will be evaluated more positively if the advertising slogan primes features that the extension shares with existing family-branded products than if the slogan primes attributes that the brand extension does not share with existing family-branded products. The research shows priming can play an important role in supporting or undermining a brand extension strategy by drawing attention to attributes either that a new product has in common with existing products or that conflict with existing products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244666
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    The importance of brand-specific associations in brand extension: further empirical results (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 509-518 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reports a replication of Broniarczyk and Alba's study of the influence of brand-specific associations on brand extensions. The results broadly support the original study showing brand-specific associations ( i.e. attributes which differentiate a brand from the competition)can dominate the effects of the parent brand to the point where they reverse extension evaluations. Thus the study provides further evidence to challenge the commonly held assumption that the effect associated with the original brand name and product category is automatically transferred to the brand extension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244675
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    Choosing between line extensions and second brands: the case of the Australian and New Zealand wine industries (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 519-536 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When managers launch a new product line into a category already served, they must decide whether to launch this as a line extension or as a second brand. This research seeks to identify how this decision is influenced by the position of the original product and the options available for positioning the new product. A model of the influences on brand and line extension success is developed and used to formulate a series of competing hypotheses about the factors that influence the decisions of managers. These hypotheses are tested using survey data from producers in the Australian wine industry. The results suggest managers seek to exploit the benefits available from the transfer of attributes to the new line, and minimise the risk of cannibalisation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244684
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    Brand association and memory decay effects of sponsorship:: the case of the Australian Formula One Grand Prix (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 539-556 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Corporate managers often invest in sponsorship as a means of associating a firm, its name or its brands, with a particular sport or event. The strength of that association should therefore be a measure of sponsorship success. In this study, four consecutive years of data collected at the Australian Formula One Grand Prix were used to examine the issue, based on brand recall/association and memory decay as a surrogate indicator of the strength of association. From the literature, several factors were hypothesised to influence positively the strength of brand association and three out of four were confirmed as determinants of this performance indicator. The implications of these findings are considered in the light of sponsorship management practices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244693
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    The brand concept and Australian consumer behaviour texts: a review (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 568-573 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Review of books recently published on the topics of the brand concept and consumer behaviour. The review directly refers to the value of the books for marketing students. Highlights three US texts that have been specifically adapted to the Australian market. Asserts that the most extensively discussed brand-related topic is brand loyalty, but the quality of the discussion varies across the texts. Criticises certain practices, such as the tendency to use terms "brand" and "product" interchangeably and the oversimplication of the brand concept.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244710
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    The promotional planning process and its impact on consumer franchise building: the case of fast-moving goods companies in New Zealand (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 7 (1998), S. 557-567 
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    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The promotional planning process is seen as being responsible for many of the problems associated with the increase in sales promotions. Planning, implementation and evaluation processes are influenced by the potentially conflicting goals of senior management and brand/product managers, a failure to integrate media plans and trade plans, and the prevalence of subjective and ad hoc decision making. All these factors are observed among large fast-moving goods companies in New Zealand. Demonstrates that the promotional planning process is an important driver of how much use is made of sales promotions. A promotional planning matrix is offered as an analytical tool to allow managers to understand the impact of budget allocations and to help overcome planning problems that were identified in the study.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610429810244701
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    Netiquette (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 269-273 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Netiquette is derived by merging the words network and etiquette. More specifically the term netiquette has been described as the conventions of politeness recognized on Usenet and in mailing lists. In the context of the new Internet global culture, attempts are being made to identify common standards of etiquette. Literally hundreds of specific netiquette suggestions are published. Identifies the following most frequently cited specific suggestions for online users: think first; write in upper and lower case; avoid abbreviations; be concise; avoid smileys; don't flame; don't take offense easily; don't evangelize; and know the audience. Netiquette breaches do not always bring retribution. Most breaches of politeness and courtesy may do no more than reflect poorly on the individual user. One who knows the rules of this new culture may well have an advantage over one who does not.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187268
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    Who is going online? Results from the National Capital FreeNet (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 305-319 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The National Capital FreeNet (NCF) in Ottawa, Canada is one of the largest and most successful community online services in the world. A sample of 1,073 National Capital FreeNet (NCF) users were surveyed about their demographic characteristics, their access methods, and their levels of satisfaction. The results indicate that NCF users are not a specialized group in the community, but are comparable to the local regional population in age, education, and income. NCF users most often connect from home using modems, often using equipment and telephone lines purchased specifically for this service. NCF users connect to the system regularly, and usage of the system was not strongly related to demographic factors. NCF users are very satisfied with the system and satisfaction and donations were not strongly related to demographic factors or use of the system. These results suggest that this community network has a broad appeal and that current and future online services may have significant widespread impacts on individuals and society.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187303
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    Internet implementation in Brazilian K-12 schools (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 301-304 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Internet is a real phenomenon. This technology is being spread out in all fields of our society, including education. But Internet does not come alone; a new modus operandi is being deployed in the productive segments of our world. Presents a framework to implement Internet in K-12 Brazilian Schools. Shows how to make Internet a pedagogical tool to leverage the cognitive skills of the pupils and to be an enabler to reengineering the productive processes within the schools. Outlines the main obstacles to implement Internet, considering the Brazilian educational scenario. Presents conclusions about the need of a new educational paradigm for the schools and how the Internet can be useful in defining it.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187295
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    Internet's information highway potential (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 287-300 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Examines the Internet's potential for becoming an information highway. Defines the information highway and the Internet. Describes the characteristics of an information highway. The concept of an information highway puts some requirements on the infrastructure. The users of an information highway, who are located in the residential and business environment, have their share of requirements as well, but they focus on the requirements put forward by the services or applications they will use on an information highway. Checks whether the Internet has implemented these properties and how, or if work is going on to develop them. The framework for this discussion is the TCP/IP reference model. Places some emphasis on the IP next generation protocol, IP version 6 (IPv6). Provides an overview showing all the properties with an indication of how well the posed requirements are met. Concludes that the Internet certainly has potential for becoming an information highway.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187286
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    IT and university libraries in Africa (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 5-13 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Based on the findings of a detailed review of the current state and future prospects of 19 university libraries in 12 countries of Africa undertaken in 1995, levels of adoption and benefits IT has brought to libraries are weighed against the drawbacks. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed. IT will not reduce the need for hard copy books and journals. Its biggest potential is in providing links to the outside world and in increasing intra-African exchange and communication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368842
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    RPC-News: a real-time, personalized, Chinese news system (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 320-328 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With the speedy growth of information quantity, people need a mechanism to discover automatically the information that interests them. Such a mechanism is called selective dissemination of information (SDI). Describes the design and implementation of an SDI system with the ability of delivering real-time, personalized news articles. In addition to delivering English news, it delivers Chinese articles also. Focuses on the problems that other researches seldom address. First, discusses how to store and delete news articles efficiently, then describes the user model to let users specify their interests. Finally, presents an efficient method to embed the ability to deliver Chinese as well as English news articles in the system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710367736
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    Commercial WWW site appeal: how does it affect online food and drink consumers' purchasing behavior? (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 32-38 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper reports the results of a recent online survey of consumer attitudes toward selected US online storefronts marketing barbecue sauce, cheese, olive oil, and potato chips as well as international companies marketing an assortment of specialty food products. It describes the relationship between consumer attitudes toward a commercial WWW site and likelihood of purchase as well as demographic factors which are related to online purchasing behavior of food and drink products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368860
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    Investigating the future of Internet regulation (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 26-31 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The Internet, which began as a communication network controlled by the US Government, is a free and open international information superhighway. The number of Internet users and the variety of information found on the network have grown dramatically in the last decade. This rapid growth also occurred with minimal control of content or acceptable uses of the Internet. This study was designed to investigate the future of Internet regulation. Surveys were sent out to 510 Internet providers in 40 countries. Respondents indicated that some regulation may be necessary, but the cultural diversity in the world will make it difficult to implement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368914
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    A framework for evaluating Internet telephony systems (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 14-25 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: An Internet telephony system functions like a conventional telephone to support real-time voice communication over the Internet. Numerous proprietary systems have surfaced since its introduction as a result of its main attraction of allowing transcontinental telephone calls to be made at the price of local telephone calls. Currently, these systems are at their infancy stage with no support for standards to allow interoperability among systems. A proper framework to allow evaluation or comparison between systems is also lacking. This paper proposes such a framework that utilises a feature and functionality appraisal together with both quantitative and qualitative assessment techniques to allow a systematic evaluation of Internet telephony systems to take place. These techniques include voice process evaluation through signal reproduction, Diagnostic Rhyme Test, Diagnostic Acceptability Measure, Degradation Category Rating, and Free Conversation Test. This framework has been successfully demonstrated and utilised for the evaluation of five Internet telephony systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368851
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    Mapping Africa's initiative at building an information and communications infrastructure (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 49-58 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The article explores Africa's initiative at building a regional plan for the formulation and development of a National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICIP) in every African state. The paper also examines the challenges and opportunities confronting Africa in its bid to launch itself into the information age. The role of information, communication and knowledge in accelerating African socio-economic development is emphasised. The paper makes a critical examination of the globalisation of economies and argues that globalisation appears to favour the rich and not so much the poor. It challenges the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to provide funding for the project if it is to succeed. It eventually concludes by making the observation that Africa's Information Society Initiative (AISI) should promote Africa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368888
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    Extending common knowledge (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 59-69 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Common knowledge: Pittsburgh is a school networking project which is developing network connectivity and curricular applications in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. With its emphasis on the curriculum and its efforts to institutionalize the use of networking technology, the project offers a useful model for other school districts to follow. The present paper describes how the project has expanded from its initial structure, delineates specific products that have been produced and indicates directions in which future expansion is likely to take place.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368897
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    Creating an online library to support a virtual learning community (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 75-80 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how an independent business school, International Management Centres (IMC), has created a virtual library in partnership with database publisher Anbar Electronic Intelligence. Outlines the action learning methodology used by IMC in delivering management development programmes, and the virtual business school model being developed and used. Examines the relationship between the partner organizations, highlighting the benefits each gains from the collaboration. Analyzes the benefits being experienced by IMC faculty and students from the virtual library investment to-date, anticipated benefits, and future investment in online information resources.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368923
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    A user-based design process for Web sites (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 39-48 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper reports on Phase II of a two-part project to identify and implement user-based design criteria in World Wide Web sites. The test site is a Web page for the academic business community. As an alternative to existing, largely ad hoc design processes, the authors developed a user-based design process, gathering user input at three different times in the process. Delineating this four-stage process (information-gathering; development; test and evaluation; and implementation) is a major focus of the paper. In addition to explaining the process in detail, the paper reports on the second stage of this process, which involves operationalizing definitions of the criteria and translating the criteria into Web page features and, to some extent, on the evaluation activities undertaken during Stage 3. Already reported are the results of Stage 1, which gathered user criteria for evaluating Web sites through a focus group session.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368879
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    Legal considerations of Internet use - issues to be addressed (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 70-74 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: With an estimated over 40 million Internet users all over the world, things that once happened only in "real life" are starting to occur in this virtual world. This Internet, just like the physical world, cannot rely on laws alone to keep order. The rules that regulate behavior, the policies for what is acceptable and the laws that pertain to activities have developed and will continue to emerge over time. However, conflicts of interest are inevitable and wherever conflict occurs, the government will regulate on matters including e-mail, data theft, piracy, search and seizure, electronic banking, offensive behavior, and other legal liability issues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810368905
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    Applying Chaos Theory to school reform (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 101-114 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper is a case study of the ideology, strategies and process of the Common Knowledge: Pittsburgh project in its attempt at school reform in an urban school district. The paper reflects on the project's activities, looks at its efforts from the literature of school reform, and uses its experience to develop a conceptual framework for discussing such reform efforts. The conceptual framework is based on Chaos Theory (Gleick, 1987). The objectives of this paper are to apply Chaos Theory, as developed in mathematics and science to educational organizations and present a conceptual model for school reform consistent with this theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810211485
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    Web page design and network analysis (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 115-122 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This research project looks at problems in Web site design from the perspective of network analysis. In view of the similarity between the hypertext structure of Web pages and a generic network, the authors find in network analysis several concepts and theories which could provide some insight for Web site design. In this paper, the problem of homepage location and the control of number of Web pages and their links are described. Solutions to these problems are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810211494
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    Facilitating designer-customer communication in the World Wide Web (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 442-451 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Introduces a way to design geographically distributed virtual prototyping, a new Internet technology, in order to facilitate designer-customer communication in the product development of small electronic devices, such as mobile telephones. First, we will present our research in the concept design domain with a set of requirements focusing on communication between the designer and the customer. Second, a technique called "smart virtual prototyping" will be presented to elaborate on the virtual prototyping techniques to be used over the World Wide Web. Third, we will present the main ideas, architecture and selected software techniques of WebShaman, which is an application built to demonstrate how a distributed virtual prototyping system could support geographically distant designer-customer communication. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of the distributed virtual prototyping approach on the WWW community.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810241301
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    ADDE: Application Development for the Distributed Enterprise (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 8 (1998), S. 452-465 
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    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Application Development for the Distributed Enterprise (ADDE) is a methodological set that supports design of distributed business processes and ICT systems. ADDE provides a guide, a repository and supporting software tools, an underlying meta-model, based on UML, that may be used in developing further software tools, or adapting existing tools to work with the ADDE repository. The main principles that have driven the authors' approach to distributed system design are presented. These principles are the focus on distribution issues, the separation of organisational and technical issues, the emphasis on the design process as a decision process, the notion of technological services and the method independence of the guidance. Following this, the guidance on the definition and planning of the application development will be introduced. A presentation of the guidance on distributed application design, as well as the concepts of macro and micro decisions follows. Finally, the future work of the ADDE project will be outlined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249810241310
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    Using technology in teaching: using integrated computer tools for data acquisition, data analysis and modeling in introductory physics courses (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 14 (1997), S. 117-119 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes how Dickinson College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA) has redesigned the teaching methods in introductory physics courses to take advantage of findings in physics education research and introduce students to the use of modern computer tools. Applications include data analysis, graphing and curve fitting; calculations and modeling; video analysis; and microcomputer-based laboratory tools.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749710368030
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    Using a Web camera (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 14 (1997), S. 133-134 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Describes the experience at Rollins College, of delivering live imagery to the Web. Outlines the steps taken, and the end result. Uses Web cams to deliver a temporary solution. Argues that real-time video delivery is on the horizon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749710368049
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    Online education: a student's perspective (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 14 (1997), S. 128-132 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Provides insight into the benefits and effectiveness of online education from the perspective of one graduate student attending an almost completely "virtual" university. Includes the author's observations and comments, but also contains quotes from researchers who have been investigating this alternative education option for several years. Issues explored focus on the differences between traditional and online education, emphasizing the ability of the computer-based online environment to expand the experiences and deepen the learning opportunities for students choosing this mode of delivery.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749710194565
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    Along came a spider - weaving Web resources (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 22-26 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Internet-based course resources have been used for three years in a freshman-level course in physical geology at the University of Houston. Although access to the Internet is available on campus in computer clusters and in the library, an increasing percentage of students now have access where they live. Similarly, an increasing number of students possess sufficient computing skills to make immediate use of the Internet as an adjunct to texts, course notes and formal lectures. Students are free to pick and choose among most of the course resources (the syllabus, course notes, course outline, virtual field trips among others) but are required to use the Internet to obtain the homework exercises, gather the required data, and interpret their findings. In addition, the student is responsible for anything "extra" which appears from time-to-time during the course. Has the use of Internet-based resources added value to the course? Meaningful communication has been facilitated through e-mail exchanges and responses to surveys designed to sample student preparation, expectations, attitude toward the course and toward higher education in general. Internet-based homework affords students the opportunity to be actively involved in making observations, gathering data and interpretation. Perhaps learning how they will learn in the future will turn out to be the undergraduate student's most lasting benefit of this experiment with creating a learning environment via the Internet.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749810369876
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    Managing student access to university information networks - the Australian experience (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 48-53 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Demand by students for access to institutional computing and network resources is a management issue for universities throughout the world. A survey of the IT directors of Australian universities was conducted. The survey sought details of the provision of IT resources to students and particularly the management of network resources for access to institutional CWISs and to the wider Internet. The survey established that considerable investment has been made in the provision and quality of on- and off-campus network access for students. At the same time, universities in Australia face rapid growth in demand for network access. The study reports institutional responses to this demand and the concerns of the management of the IT function in Australian universities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749810216721
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    Disabling myth or writing for the world: the secondary schools language project in the Eastern Province, South Africa (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 54-60 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: The majority of learners in South African schools are black, and they learn through English as a second language (L2). This contrasts with white students who learn through their first language (L1), English or Afrikaans. Most black students in South Africa are multilingual, and new developments in the curriculum promise to value this achievement. Even now, young black students display considerable competence in their written English when they use electronic links to communicate with fellow students and adults worldwide. Computers motivate students as writers and language learners. One of the many disabling myths that threatens to impede progress towards equity in educational outcomes in South Africa is the myth that teachers of writing in historically black schools will wait a very long time for the technologies of word processing and e-mail to be available to them. In the Eastern Province many schools have no telephones or electricity. The ANC Government is struggling to meet basic needs quickly and computers could then be used to promote equity among learners. In this study, students had only limited access to keyboard and e-mail facilities, yet the enthusiasm and concentration computers generated meant that they could leapfrog many hours of classroom instruction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749810216730
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    CNAV - helping Gettysburg College get the information it needs (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Campus-wide information systems 15 (1998), S. 108-112 
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    ISSN: 1065-0741
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Gettysburg College in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, has created a software package to help students, faculty and staff get the campus information they need. The College Navigation (CNAV) project tailors what the individual sees and has access to based on the individual's role on campus. The system is secure and information available can be controlled by the appropriate people. Students can access information on other students, courses, events, faculty and much more. Faculty can also access student information, and can see and monitor advisees' academic data. Web pages can be linked to CNAV so that additional descriptions and other pertinent information can be made available. CNAV comprises an Oracle database, a modified search engine and cgi scripts.0
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650749810227189
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    The performance of team-start businesses in the UK (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 206-214 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the growth performance of team-starts (businesses founded by more than one individual) against the performance of enterprises founded by single individuals. Previous research, mainly conducted in the USA has found a significant link between team-starts and superior growth performance. However, this study finds no such link. It is concluded that future research should concentrate on in-depth case studies of team dynamics rather than trying to draw generalisations about the growth potential of team-starts en masse.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710186989
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    IS team projects: IS professionals rate six criteria for assessing effectiveness (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 236-243 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In order to capitalize on the various technical and behavioural skills needed for a project, system development activities frequently are performed by teams. By surveying 239 information systems (IS) professionals, reports how IS managers, project leaders, and system analysts evaluate the importance of six criteria for determining the effectiveness of an IS team project. Results show that there is a significant difference among the IS professionals. IS managers give more weight to the amount of work a team produced, adherence to schedule, and adherence to budget than do project leaders and system analysts. Results indicate that all IS professionals report that they regard the quality of work produced by the team as the most critical criterion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710190902
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    Are traditional management tools sufficient for diverse teams? (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 3-11 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Two issues which confront today's managers are diversity and teams. The contradictory nature of these two terms, in the form of a diverse team, makes it appropriate that the role of many traditional project management tools and techniques be examined. This article describes how the leadership of a diverse team was able to successfully accomplish a major project on time and under budget. They used traditional project management tools and techniques but modified them to fit the requirements of the team. One primary area for focus was on identifying behaviors all team members should exhibit in order to for the project to be successful. After the behaviors were identified, applied behavior analysis was used to reinforce the desired behaviors. By focusing on behaviors which built trust and encouraged open communications, the team was able to take advantage of the diverse experience and backgrounds of all team members. This allowed the team to push decision making well down into the organization, motivate all team members around the objectives of the project and develop flexible processes which were enhanced as the project moved forward. This article attempts to describe and explain the major lessons the team felt they learned for this project.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710171228
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    Teamthink: beyond the groupthink syndrome in self-managing work teams (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 18-31 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Self-managing teams have been credited with many positive payoffs. These include increased quality, productivity, employee quality of work life, and decreases in absenteeism and turnover. Significant attention has been devoted to the actual benefits derived from these group applications. What is typically lacking is exploration of the road-blocks to self-managed team success. Examines an important challenge to SMT success - the threats that groups face when making decisions. Notable evidence indicates that cohesive groups (such as self-managing teams) tend to create internal pressures towards conformity that interfere with constructive critical analysis and ultimately lead to dysfunctional decisions. The term groupthink has been coined for this process that threatens effective group decision making. Addresses this challenge in some detail. In particular, proposes a new effective group condition - teamthink - a group decision-making process that enables groups to make effective decisions while avoiding the pitfalls of groupthink.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710171255
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    Team performance: using repertory grid technique to gain a view from the inside (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 33-39 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Uses Kelly's personal construct theory and the technique of repertory grid analysis to identify constructs of team performance. These constructs are unique to each team and are derived directly from the team members themselves. Once team members have generated their personal constructs of team performance, they give a rating for their team in comparison with their views of teams they know of as "good teams", "bad teams," and those in between, as well as (for contrast) their experience of well-acted and badly-acted plays. This method of measuring team performance has advantages over the traditional, all-purpose questionnaire or checklist in tailoring the concept of team performance uniquely to the team of interest. In addition, the way the results are displayed gives team members a "picture" of their team's performance. This has proved very useful for feedback of results to the team members and in encouraging discussion on how team performance could be improved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710171264
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    The competence of top team members: A framework for successful performance (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 3 (1997), S. 57-75 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents the research frame, methods and results of a study of top team competences in small- to medium-sized enterprises sponsored by the Training and Employment Agency in Northern Ireland. Explores a "postulated" framework of competence using a modified version of repertory grid with 31 successful companies who have a working top team. The results confirmed the framework and give core competences at two linked levels: competence domains, areas of activity regarded as an important focus for performance excellence and competences, integrated sets of behaviour which can be directed towards successful goals achievement within competence domains. Validation of the results is given by the outcomes of follow-up interviews and the comparison with other work. Holds that the results emphasize a radical insight into the notion of managerial competence in the smaller company.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599710190957
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    Empowerment and team development (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 53-66 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on the four principles of self-organization formulated by Morgan (1986), a four-stage implementation model for empowering teams was developed. From the first to the last stage, the attention shifts from routine tasks to non-routine tasks, from the individual to the group, and from inwards oriented to outwards directed activities. This model was used to develop five teams in an industrial glass producing firm. After two years, team progress was measured by means of a questionnaire and the results were discussed with each team. These data were used to evaluate the viability and applicability of the empowerment plan and to find relevant factors which facilitate or hinder the empowerment process. The results indicate that the step-by-step plan facilitates the development of empowered teams but that it should not be seen necessarily as the best or the only way of empowering working groups. Moreover, the attitude and style of management, the team cohesion and the nature of the work involved seem to interfere with team empowerment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810214193
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    Waking up to the reality of the "new workplace" (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 83-92 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for adopting and installing a working arrangement. In line with the current emphasis on customers, the paper argues that employees, trade unions and managers should be viewed as customers to a work system given that their support and commitment will determine the success of the work system. To achieve this objective the concept of auditing "novel" work systems is introduced. Auditing will enable organizations to assess the potential of the work system before it is installed.
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    Teamwork and the management of food service operations (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 67-73 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The food service business is a complex one. The food and drink that a restaurant offers form part of their total product and only partially explains why customers choose it. Other reasons may include service, decor and ambience. Although every restaurant needs people to deliver the product and service, the food service sector is characterised by a wide range of different management styles and human resource strategies. Owners and managers of restaurants need to balance the need for profit and customer satisfaction against the need for greater employee retention in a sector where staff turnover is common. This can create tensions between management control of work processes for consistency of service quality with the needs of employees for job interest and satisfaction. This article explores some of these conflicting issues in the food service business and looks at the role that teamwork may play in resolving them. In particular, the approach to teamworking in the UK TGI Fridays restaurant group is examined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810214201
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    Self managing teams in high technology manufacture: overcoming technological barriers (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 93-112 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the introduction of self managing teams into a high technology workplace. The paper looks at the managerial and organizational implications of developing teams in what was considered a high technology environment where the physical restrictions of manufacture were assumed to dictate working practices. The case study evidence suggests that even in an atmosphere of clean rooms and clear communication difficulties, SMTs can prosper and suggests that it is only the physical boundaries which impede the development of more flexible forms of work organization.
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    Intellectual capital in valuing intangible assets (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 121-137 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Knowledge companies who generate their revenue from leveraging the talents and contacts of professionals are confronted with two dilemmas - acquiring institutional funding without hard collateral and managing these revenue-generating talents. These companies appear to have understated balance sheets. Their value, however, can be highly appreciated as is illustrated by the stock prices. This presents a problem when acquiring institutional funding since hard collateral is scarce. Another dilemma is how to manage these revenue-generating talents and systems. It appears that both external and internal sources have a need to measure, manage and grow these assets. This paper presents methods currently in use to identify and measure intangible assets and also experiments by applying five of these measurements to a single company over a period of eleven years. The purpose of this exercise is to note any similarities with financial measures and to determine the predictability of performance based on these indicators.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810224606
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    Decentralized cooperation: a distributed approach to team design in a concurrent engineering organization (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 138-165 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A multi-component design of a "concurrent team" is described here for a concurrent engineering organization. This concurrent "team design" is composed of four essential teaming components: a logical component, a virtual component, a technological component and a personnel (work-group or humane) component. The description is based on an implementation of a "concurrent team" environment for product development at Delphi Divisions of General Motors. The paper first describes how to configure a "concurrent team" organization that provides a decentralized cooperation during an integrated product development (IPD) process. The paper then shows how, with strategic design of a "concurrent team," an organization can achieve optimum teamwork productivity during an IPD. As it has been observed during a number of automotive projects that the teamwork productivity of a concurrent engineering organization is largely influenced by the design of such "concurrent teams" as well as by elements of decentralized cooperation, the paper, also describes four key elements of decentralized cooperation that have been found useful with IPD clients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810224624
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    MOTION - the European approach for participative business reengineering (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 177-185 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Surveys show that the results of top-down oriented Business Process Reengineering projects often are to be questioned because of implementation problems due to internal resistance to change. Bottom-up oriented Continuous Improvement projects on the other hand experience typically a lack of strategic orientation and do not necessarily improve the enterprise process system as a whole. The MOTION (MOdel for Transforming, Identifying and OptimiziNg core processes) approach developed in a European Union project provides a method to combine the strengths of the top-down approach of business process reengineering with the advantages of the bottom-up oriented continuous improvement process to create well balanced processes to meet customer requirements. The MOTION guidelines were developed by a consortium of European industrial companies and universities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810224642
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    The management of multicultural group conflict (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Team performance management 4 (1998), S. 211-234 
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    ISSN: 1352-7592
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the globalization of trade and advancement of technology, diverse task groups are required to work together. With new models of teamwork, conflict will accelerate from a variety of sources as multicultural groups emerge. This article explores this problem and challenge by presenting contemporary research. The process model of conflict and the structural model will be examined as well as the cognitive and interactional theories of conflict to consider congruence with organization demands. Conflict in a multicultural task groups is discussed considering the six dimensions of culture as well as trust (mistrust) and communications (miscommunications). Diversity as an antecedent condition of perception of conflict is presented utilizing Hofstede's classical research framework. A systematic process to diagnose as well as implement these strategies conclude this article in conjunction with the development of key behavioral skills and competencies to assess managers to deal with conflict, culture and change.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527599810234173
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    Process management in a hospital and healthcare context: Evidence of the HOCAPRIT project (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 3 (1997), S. 118-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Indicates that business process re-engineering (BPR) is becoming more widely adopted within hospital and healthcare organizations. However, process management in a public sector and healthcare context raises particular problems. Shows that a European Commission supported project has examined the European application of re-engineering approaches to healthcare processes. It has also undertaken detailed analyses in two pilot sites in order to develop an approach to process management, including a re-engineering framework and methodology, adapted to the particular requirements of the healthcare context. Presents the findings of the European Commission supported HOCAPRIT project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159710173087
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    Re-engineering caused by ISO 9000 certification (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 3 (1997), S. 192-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on a project performed at a medium-sized producer of medical utensils, reviews some of the problems which the company experienced in connection with the system built up during ISO 9001 certification, and the re-engineering efforts which were performed in order to relieve these problems. Focuses in particular on a re-structuring of the company's system for production documentation and its relation to the traceability of their products. This system was radically altered during the project without the traceability requirements being violated or reduced. These changes resulted in a marked increase in productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159710192211
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  • 83
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    The perceived benefits of an environmental management standard (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 204-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An exploratory pilot study identifying the perceived benefits of accreditation to an environmental management standard, BS 7750, in 13 UK companies. This paper begins by exploring the benefits of "going green", followed by a description of the different environmental management standards. Then the methodology of the study is explored, including the structure of the questionnaire and the sample breakdown. The results section follows, detailing the broad results at each of the three stages of the questionnaire. Main findings are summarised in the conclusion followed by an indication of the future direction of the work. The paper concludes by identifying that the main benefit for companies in gaining an environmental management standard would appear to be the ability to quantify and identify elements of the environmental management process in the company, allowing a company to measure, manage and audit within a structured, recognised format.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810224313
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  • 84
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    From BPR to CPR - conceptualising re-engineering in construction (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 291-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As construction is a project-orientated industry, it is suggested in this paper that traditional business process re-engineering (BPR) will only improve intra-organisational business processes, not the inter-organisational normally used to procure construction facilities because of the degree of process incompatibility between participating organisations. The aim of this paper is to explain why traditional BPR is not considered to be an effective method for improving the performance of projects. The paper argues that an alternative to BPR is needed and suggests that construction process re-engineering, founded on the "new production philosophy" should be used to initiate change at a project level. Models for re-engineering processes in construction at a company and project level are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810238192
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  • 85
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    Process analysis techniques and tools for business improvements (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 274-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Business process reengineering (BPR) and total quality management (TQM) both emphasise the benefits that a process orientated view of company operations can bring. Acquiring a clear definition of the "as-is" business process and developing an understanding about how the process may be re-engineered is a crucial stage in any BPR project. This early phase normally has three objectives: to achieve a full understanding of the process to be re-engineered so as to clarify its objectives and characteristics; to create a shared vision and understanding among the re-engineering team; to have a basis for starting the redesign. To support this phase, there is a range of tools: manual, computer supported and computer enabled which are traditionally used to help in the activities of process definition and analysis. This paper describes some of the newer approaches. The product introduction process (PIP) is examined in a general sense, and specific examples from the automotive industry are taken as a basis for evaluation of the available tools and applications. A sample from the process analysis tools identified was used to model the PIP, and from the difficulties and successes an understanding of the attributes required in such an analysis tool was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810238174
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  • 86
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    Investigating business processes: does process simplification always work? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 137-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Describes the use of a meta-level model to discover the core operations process, and how the boundaries around the business process were identified at an automotive manufacturer. Evidence was then collected both qualitatively and quantitatively for two models that shared the same business process in the same plant. This research design effectively removed much of the "noise", such as organisation structure and payment systems, from the investigation. The study concludes that the two models have different and distinctive process needs, and that convergence through process simplification is actually a doubtful strategy to apply to all products in every context. Process simplification is not a general rule for improved competitiveness, and a business must understand the limitations in terms of product performance in the market place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810212316
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  • 87
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    Business process management: a review and evaluation (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 214-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The area of business process management (BPM) is a relatively new field and there is little academic literature on the subject. This paper critically examines the literature to pinpoint BPM definitions, approaches and principles. A study is reported of a business unit of a "world class" organisation to examine its application of BPM. It was found that the principles of BPM espoused by the corporate organisation and its approach to BPM application is along the lines of best practice as outlined in the literature. However, in the business unit examined, there is an inadequate understanding of BPM and the application of BPM principles is haphazard. For example, it was discovered that employees have too little time to spend on process simplification and improvement and there are too many in-process measures for process owners to make effective use of the information. It is also pointed out that if BPM is to be truly effective it requires cross-functional and process orientated management, which is not easy to attain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810224322
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  • 88
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    Best practice in reengineering: a successful example of the Porsche research and development center (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 154-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Successful reengineering requires a systematic procedure for the useful implementation of methods and tools as well as a consideration of critical success factors. As an example of the reengineering of prototype part procurement in Porsche AG's development centre, a specially developed 3x3 reengineering procedure is represented which not only implements methods and tools but also the reengineering project structure and experiences gained from it. The main aim of re-engineering was to reduce the running time of the part procurement from 30 days to just one. This means a simultaneous reduction of the prototype construction time to about 20 hours. From results it can be established that after 20 weeks the success of the reengineering stabilised and the targeted running time of one day became apparent. The accompanying project evaluation crystallised various success factors. In particular the establishment of a competent and motivated team leader, as well as on-line process controlling supported by IT implementation, have proved to be a successfully decisive measure and tool respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810212325
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  • 89
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    An improved BPR approach for offline enabling processes: A case study on a maintaining process within the chemical industry (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 226-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Business processes can be broadly classified into strategic processes, operational/value adding processes and enabling processes. There is a growing abundance of literature on the strategic and operational processes, perhaps judged to be appropriate due to their value adding importance and more tangible and sequential nature. Enabling or supporting processes have historically recieved less attention, however with increasing inter and intra networking of organisations these processes are not seen as peripheral but as integral parts of the organisation. A key enabling process is that of maintenance (in the manufacturing sector), this process is sometimes referred to as the maintaining process. In this paper a methodology involving business process re-engineering is developed and applied to the maintaining process within the chemical industry (Du Pont-Global). The methodology includes both self-assessment and proactive change management. Based on the findings improvements to the methodology are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810224331
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  • 90
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    Transforming IT/IS infrastructure and IS personnel issues (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Business process management journal 4 (1998), S. 322-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the organizational issues that arise when an organization transforms its IT infrastructure. The unanticipated changes in the IT infrastructure forced IS personnel to set new priorities that caused delays in other aspects of their work. There are several problems such as retention and burnout that IS directors must monitor carefully when their organizations introduce complex IT-based projects that have strategic implications. This study identifies six major tactics that an organization may employ in order to ensure continuity and flexibility in its IS functions. These are: retaining by continuous training, evaluation by objectives, reward for smooth operations, reducing stress and burnout by encouraging creative ideas, job rotation, and finally involving IS personnel in the hiring process of new employees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810238228
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  • 91
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    Managing innovation by design - how a new design typology may facilitate the product development process in industrial companies and provide a competitive advantage (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    European journal of innovation management 1 (1998), S. 44-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-1060
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Notes the importance of innovation with regard to competitiveness but points out that innovation and change management are synonymous with risk. This research presents a new design typology which is accessible to managers and can be built into corporate strategy - allowing a facility for controlling and managing innovation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14601069810199663
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  • 92
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    Investigation of the relationship between total quality and innovation: a research study involving small organisations (1998)
    Bingley : Emerald
    European journal of innovation management 1 (1998), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-1060
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates how organisations can progress from total quality (TQ) to business innovation and represents the first part of an EU sponsored research programme in total quality and innovation. First, definitions and underlying assumptions are analysed which enables a definition of TQ and innovation to be derived that can accommodate a natural organisational progression in terms of implementation. Second, TQ and Innovation are compared and contrasted by analysing models in each of the respective fields. The main findings were that, in general, innovation models were based more on organisational learning and appreciation of human capital than TQ models, which were based more on mechanistic process based continuous improvement. Finally, the results of a research study into innovation and total quality are presented and discussed. The study found that organisations which have a history of continuous improvement are more likely to go on and build a successful innovative culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14601069810230216
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  • 93
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    Assuring consultant quality for SMEs - the role of Business Links (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The British Government instituted a new direction for small business support in 1992 with the establishment of Business Links. These are intended to coordinate assistance through locally integrated business support services. Business Links have been the subject of several evaluative studies, one of which was particularly critical, besides being the focus of comment in the business press. In particular, Personal Business Advisers (PBAs, who are usually employees of BLs) have been subjected to scrutiny; concern being expressed about the extent to which PBAs' recommendations are acted upon. Much of the specialist consultancy is provided by self-employed persons under contract for particular projects. This paper focuses on the self-employed consultants who undertake specialist Business Link-supported work within SMEs. While most business Links have role and job descriptions for PBAs, this is rarely the case for consultants. Self-employed consultants are generally accredited by BLs themselves or by third parties. Accreditation procedures could be improved; clear criteria are required for monitoring consultancy processes and outcomes, and consultants need to receive feedback. There are opportunities for closer contact between self-employed consultants and Business Links which would improve the quality of the service to SMEs, the learning of individuals and the organisational learning and public accountability of Business Links.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006726
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    The role of institutional support in Asian entrepreneurial expansion in Britain (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the role of formal and informal institutional support in the expansion of Asian-owned businesses in Britain, based on a large survey of Asian entrepreneurs based in Britain. More specifically, it investigates the significance of formal (bank) sources of finance relative to that of informal (family or personal) sources of finance at start-up and the implications of that reliance on subsequent business expansion. The paper also examines the wider role of informal family and community networks in providing access to information and labour, in addition to capital, and the impact of these support networks on business expansion. The methodology used is that of quantitative, statistical analysis supplemented by qualitative survey data. The evidence suggests that both formal and informal institutional support have played a limited role in fostering Asian entrepreneurial expansion in Britain. Although bank finance was valuable in preventing undercapitalised ventures, rapidly growing Asian businesses did not rely on bank finance either at start-up or for expansion. This may be attributed to the short-term perspective of banks. Rapidly growing Asian businesses did not rely on formal sources of advice. Nor did they rely on family or community networks for finance or labour. The Asian entrepreneurs who rapidly expanded their businesses invested their personal savings at start-up, relied on their family and friends for advice, employed non-Asian labour and invested in employee training. These results imply that Asian entrepreneurs aspiring to grow need to advance beyond the traditional reliance on informal support networks for finance and labour. Formal institutions could offer long-term debt or equity finance, encourage investment in employee training, and provide appropriate training schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006796
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    The evolution of managerial information, control and decision-making processes in small growth-oriented service sector businesses: exploratory lessons from four cases of success (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Research into management information, control and decision-making in small businesses appears on the surface to be contradictory. Some research suggests that small businesses have little management information, poor control and that decision-making is ad hoc. Other research suggests that small businesses acquire effective information and control through informal means, and that decision-making can be sophisticated. This research addresses these apparent contradications by conducting a longitudinal, in-depth exploration of the management information and decision-making processes in four service sector businesses that have recently broken through the micro-enterprise barrier. Multiple sources of evidence were used to construct a longitudinal history of information provision and decision-making in each case. These included taped, oral, accounts of each owner-manager's life, focused semi-structured interview questions and documentary evidence. The quality of the data has allowed a cross case causal network to be constructed which synthesises the evidence. This traces the chains of causality from the informal systems at the start of the businesses through to the later developments of more formal systems. This leads to a consideration of implications for small businesses, practitioners and policy makers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006799
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    Policy, prediction and growth: picking start-up winners? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on a number of detailed, in-depth, cases selected from 30 face-to-face company interviews and placed in the context of the literature, this paper will argue that targeted financial support of start-ups, the notion of "picking winners", is not a viable alternative to blanket cover. These selected cases serve to illustrate the complexity and variability of small firm development which, in turn, negates the validity of pre-start predictive modelling for this sector. The paper will proceed to argue, on the basis of the evidence, that, since the form which an organisation takes and the ability of an entrepreneur to manage within the given environment are, to a greater extent, dictated post start-up, only then can firms with significant growth potential be identified. Thus, since a firm's true form and promise is uncertain pre-entry, any criteria used to isolate those with the greatest potential will be, at best, arbitrary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006727
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    The Shell Technology Enterprise Programme: benefits reported by students and "host" employers (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 60-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To assess the short-term effectiveness of the Shell Technology Enterprise Programme (STEP), students and "host" employers who participated in the programme in 1994 were interviewed prior to and 12 months after completing the programme. The short-term benefits of the programme for participating undergraduate students and independent "host" businesses are highlighted. The long-term implications for Shell UK Limited and the wider policy community are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006731
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    Are support providers meeting the export information requirements of ethnic minority-owned SMEs? (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 120-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although the need for many ethnic minority-owned firms to obtain information to enable them to "break-out" of their cultural niches and enter mainstream markets has been proposed within the small business literature, it has been widely reported that policy makers and other information providers have a limited understanding of particular operations within certain groups of ethnic minority-owned firms. This has resulted in an academic argument concerning how best to meet the needs of particular groups of firms in order to reduce the ineffective provision of information and other support activities by these organisations, and the negative perceptions of these bodies from firms within the ethnic communities. In placing this argument into an international context, this study provides empirical evidence concerning the perceived usefulness of sources of export information together with types of data required by groups of Asian and indigenous (white)-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the UK. Findings are primarily based on a large scale sample of UK firms and MANOVA is employed to establish that statistical differences exist between the groups of SMEs. Also reported, are selected findings from a series of in-depth interviews.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006760
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    Improving partnering results: Managing alliances for optimum outcomes (1998)
    London : Emerald
    Journal ofcorporate real estate 1 (1998), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1463-001X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although corporate real estate organisations use partnering and alliances extensively, many alliances fail or fall short of expectations. Such shortfalls result from corporate real estate's traditional emphasis on making the deal rather than on managing it for the long term, the limited skills set that even experienced managers possess when it comes to true collaboration, and the sheer complexity of managing alliances. To improve partnering results, the author outlines a four point plan based on successful partnering methods used in large construction projects: (1) bring all the key players together specifically to address and manage communications issues, (2) clarify partnering goals by writing and signing a Goals Statement, (3) develop specific communications procedures and (4) build mutual understanding and trust with tools such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and collaborative communications skills.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14630019910810935
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    Owner-manager relationships preceding and during start-up: issues of help, harm, trust and morality (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 5 (1998), S. 130-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the relationship between 16 owner-managers and other individuals preceding and during the start-up of their businesses. Multiple sources of evidence are used, including taped biographical accounts and semi-structured interviews, in an endeavour to establish who is helped and who is harmed by these relationships. The relationships are explored before and after start-up to trace the chains of causality which result in the helping and harming consequences for the businesses and individuals. Trust between the owner-managers and other individuals is found to be at the core of the chains of causality. The relationship between owner-managers and their ex-employers emerges as being particularly significant and largely overlooked by existing research. Managerial and policy implications are explored. This leads to a discussion of the morality of harming in order to support the development of the emergent firm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006761
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