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  • Articles  (2,378)
  • Chemistry  (2,378)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 1995-1999  (2,378)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1996  (2,378)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (2,378)
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  • Articles  (2,378)
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Keywords
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  • 1995-1999  (2,378)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeitfestigkeit und Randschicht - Eigenschaften durch Zerspanung bei Nickellegierungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 272-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Low cycle fatigue strength and surface layer - Properties achieved by turning of superalloysIt is well known that the surface layer after machining has a significant influence on the LCF-strenght. The common practice for a high degree of the LCF-strength provided by the material itself is the requirement to produce small surface roughness and small changes in the surface layer by machining.In this paper it is described that a high depth of deformation by machining of Nickel-base-alloys can increase the LCF-strength remarkably. The results indicate as well that post machining shot peening and surface finishing for smooth surfaces have to be reviewed with respect to their benefit.
    Notes: Es ist bekannt, daß die Randschicht nach der Zerspanung einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Zeitfestigkeit hat. Die übliche Vorgehensweise zu einer hohen, vom Werkstoff selbst erreichbaren Zeitfestigkeit für dynamisch belastete Maschinenkomponenten besteht darin, daß geringe Rauigkeiten und kleine Randschicht-Beeinflussungen durch die Bearbeitung gefordert werden.In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, daß große Verformungstiefen bei der Zerspanung von Nickellegierungen zur Erhöhung der Zeitfestigkeit führen können. Dadurch wird auch gezeigt, daß nachträgliches Kugelstrahlen und Feinbearbeitungen zur Glättung der Oberfläche neu bewertet werden müssen.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270605
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270701
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verfestigung und Verschleißverhalten von weißen Gußeisen bei abrasiver Beanspruchung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Work Hardening and Abrasion Resistance of White Cast IronsWhite cast irons are frequently used against abrasive wear under extreme loading conditions. The microsructure and the mechanical properties of these alloys play an important role to control their wear rates. Regarding the mechanical properties, it has been reported that the bulk hardness alone is not enough to describe the wear behaviour. Generally, it has been shown that the work hardening induced by the wear process has an essential effect on the abrasion resistance.In this investigation, using a pin abrasion test, the wear behaviour of Ni-Hard 4 and high chromium white cast irons has been studied. The results of this study contribute to discuss the correlation mechanisms between work hardening and abrasive wear behaviour.
    Notes: Weiße Gußeisen werden häufig dort eingesetzt, wo starke abrasive Belastung auftritt. Die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Legierungen spielen eine wesentliche Rolle, um die durch Verschleiß verursachten Verluste zu kontrollieren. Hinsichtlich der mechanischen Eigenschaften wird in zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen berichtet, daß die Werkstoffhärte allein das Verschleißverhalten nicht bestimmt. Dabei gilt allgemein, daß die während des Verschleißvorganges entstehende Verfestigung den Verschleißwiderstand wesentlich beeinflußt.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ni-Hard 4 und hochchromhaltige weiße Gußeisen bezüglich ihres Verschleißverhaltens anhand eines Schleifpapierverfahrens untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen tragen u.a. zur Klärung der Korrelations mechanismen zwischen Oberflächenverfestigung und abrasivem Verschleißverhalten bei.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270703
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Firmenbroschüre (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 344-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270709
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafine ZrO2 powder by Laser Evaporation: Preparation and properties (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrafeine ZrO2 - Pulver durch Laserverdampfung: Herstellung und EigenschaftenUltrafeine oxidische Pulver werden durch Co2-Laserverdampfung aus grobem ZrO2-Pulver oder kompakten ZrO2-Stangen hergestellt.Die 10.6 μm-Strahlung im Leistungsbereich von 1 bis 4 kW wird durch einen quergeströmten CO2-Laser erzeugt, der in cw-und Pw-Betrieb arbeitet.Die Verdampfungsrate ist abhängig von der relativen Lage der Fokalebene zur Oberfläche des ZrO2-Pulvers, der Laserintensität und der eingekoppelten Energie.Bei einer Laserintensität von 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 erreicht man eine optimale Verdampfungsrate von 130 g · h-1 (cw-Betrieb des Lasers).Das hergestellte Pulver besteht aus sphärischen Partikeln; deren Durchmesser variiert im Bereich von 5 bis 200 nm und kann durch die Verfahrensparameter beeinflußt werden. Die spezifische Oberfläche ist einstellbar von 10 bis 30 m2 · g-1.Das Pulver aus unstabilisiertem Zirkonium besitzt einen sehr hohen Anteil tetragonaler Phase. Im Fall von chemisch stabilisiertem Zirkonium kann sich die Zusammensetzung während des Verdampfungsprozesses und der Rekondensation ändern.
    Notes: Ultrafine oxide powders were produced by CO2 laser evaporation of coarse ZrO2 powder or compact stabilized ZrO2 materialThe 10.6μm radiation in the power range 1-4kW was generated by a transversal flow Co2 laser which can oscillate in cw and pw operationThe vaporization rate depends on the relative position of the focal plane to the surface of the ZrO2 powder, the laser intensity and the supplied energy input.At a laser intensity of 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 the optimum vaporization rate is 130 g · h-1 (cw-operation of the laser).The produced powders consist of spherical particles; their diameters vary in the range from 5 to 200 nm can be controlled by the process conditions. The surface area (BET) is adjustable from 10 to 30 m2 · g-1.The powders of unstabilized zirconia show an unusual high content of the tetragonal phase. In case of chemically stabilized zirconia the composition can change during the process of evaporation and recondensation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270710
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkblatt (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270803
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270804
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Euromaterials (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270809
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfaches partielles Aufkohlen für industrielle Anwendungen. Simple Partial Carburizing for Industrial ApplicationsHerren Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. K.-T. Rie zum 60. Geburtstag (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 584-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Partial Carburizing for Industrial ApplicationsPartial carburizing of parts is a cost intensive process while using conventional methods. Essentially 2 methods are available: 1.covering of the areas in question with paste before carburizing or2.production of parts with oversize for machining and grinding after carburizing.It will be shown by examples that during plasma carburizing partial carburizing is very simple. By simply covering parts with metal sheets or masks the carburizing effect is prevented on specific areas. This results in a cost effective solution for industrial applications.
    Notes: Das partielle Aufkohlen von Bauteilen mit Hilfe konventioneller Methoden ist ein relativ aufwendiger und kostenintensiver Prozeß. Als Möglichkeiten stehen derzeit im wesentlichen 2 Methoden zur Verfügung: 1.das Abdecken der fraglichen Bereiche mit Pasten vor dem Aufkohlen oder2.das Fertigen mit Übermaß und anschließendem Abschleifen aufgekohlter Bereiche.Anhand von Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß das Aufkohlen im Plasma durch einfaches Abdecken von Bauteilbereichen mit Masken oder Blechen erreicht wird und damit eine Möglichkeit gegeben ist, Bauteile einfach und kostengünstig partiell aufzukohlen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271213
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermische Leitfähigkeitsmessung dünner Schichten (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 617-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271219
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270901
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270902
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit der TiAl6V4-Legierung durch Implantieren mit Stickstoff-Ionen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increasing of wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by nitrogen implantationNitrogen ion implantation is used to improve the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Different implantation doses up to 1 · 1018N+/cm2 and E = 170 KeV were used. The unimplanted and the implanted specimens were tested in a wear model system with oscillation loading. The results show, that the wear performance was influenced by implantation dose and also by mean pressure. It was found, that surfaces, which are produced by a high implantation dose (1 · 1018N+/cm2), exhibited greater were resistance than untreated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The best wear behaviour was achieved by a high implantation dose (1 · 1018N+/cm2) and a low mean pressure (p =0.22 MPa) at the wear test. The difference between the wear rate of the untreated and of the implantated specimen can obtain a factor about 10. The effective depth of the implantation action is greater than the penetration depth of the nitrogen ions.
    Notes: Durch Implantation von Stickstoff-Ionen wurde die Randschicht der Ti-Al6-V4-Legierung mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung des Verschleißverhaltens modifiziert. Es wurde dazu mit unterschiedlichen Stickstoffdosen bis 1 · 1018N+/cm2 bei E = 170 keV implantiert. Die Modellverschleißuntersuchungen bei oszillierender Beanspruchung wiesen nach, daß die Implantationsdosis in Abhängigkeit von der im Tribosystem wirkenden mittleren Pressung den Verschleiß deutlich beeinflußt. Wird mit einer hohen Dosis (1 ·1018N+/cm2) implantiert und werden die Beanspruchungsbedingungen so gewählt, daß nur eine relativ geringe Pressung von p ≤ 0.22 MPa auftritt, dann ist mit einer Erhöhung der Verschleißbeständigkeit mindestens um den Faktor 10 zu rechnen. Für größere Pressungen nimmt die Erhöhung des Verschleißwiderstandes ab. Die verschleißmindernde Wirktiefe der Implantation liegt weit über der Eindringtiefe der implantierten Stickstoffionen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270106
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270113
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Verfahren und Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 570-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271116
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die elektrische Emission beim Versagen von Faserverbundwerkstoffen und ihren Komponenten (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 559-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The electric emission during failure of fiber reinforced materials and their componentsDeformation and failure of fiber-reinforced materials (FRM) can cause electric charge displacements. This, consequently, leads to variations in the external electric field. These can be observed and recorded during the loading process without any contact to the sample. Analyzing these signals named electric emission (EE) can be done individually and also statistically when an acoustic emission equipment is used. Fracture of carbon and glass fibers yields EE signals of large amplitudes, whereas the polycarbonate matrix material exhibits smaller ones. The signals obtained in a tensile test with the composite materials exceed the ones of the matrix material but do not attain those of the fiber material. From the shape of the EE signals conclusions can be made on the elementary fracture process. From these experiments it can be concluded that the EE method is a valuable tool with respect to the detection of failure occurence of composite materials as is the acoustic emission technique. The EE technique is a field method and does, therefore, not require any sample preparation. This makes it a low cost technique which can be possibly applied in the field as well as in the laboratory.
    Notes: Verformungen und Schädigungen können die Ursache von elektrischen Ladungsverschiebungen in Faserverbundwerkstoffen (FVW) sein, welche zu Änderungen des äußeren elektrischen Feldes führen. Diese können mit geeigneten Sonden berührungslos beobachtet und aufgezeichnet werden. Die Analyse dieser elektrische Emission (EE) genannten Signale kann individuell oder statistisch geschehen, wobei im letzteren Falle Schallemissionsgeräte verwendet werden können. Das Brechen von Carbon -oder Glasfasern erzeugt EE-Signale großer Amplitude, das Brechen des Polykarbonat-Matrixmaterials dagegen geringere. Das Zerreißen der Verbundwerkstoffe im Zugversuch ist zwar von größeren Signalen begleitet als das des reinen Matrixmaterials; jedoch erreichen diese Signale nicht die Amplituden des Fasermaterials. Die Analyse der Signalformen gestattet Rückschlüsse auf den Ablauf der elementaren Bruchprozesse und deren Dynamik. Diese Arbeit hat gezeigt, daß die elektrische Emission neben anderen Methoden - wie der Schallemission - ein brauchbares Werkzeug zur Beobachtung des Eintritts von Schädigungen in Verbundwerkstoffen ist. Da diese Methode kontaktlos arbeitet und keine Probenvorbereitung erfordert, ist sie nicht nur kostengünstig. Sie kann möglicherweise auch vorteilhaft über Laboratoriumsanwendungen hinaus benutzt werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271113
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Bücher und Schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 238-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270509
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hartstoffauflösung und Gefügeausbildung bei der konvektionsarmen Erzeugung von Hartstoff-Dispersionsschichten auf Stahl mittels Laserstrahlung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hard Particle Dissolution and Structure of Coarsegrained Dispersion Layers on Steel Produced by Convection-reduced Laser MeltingWith the aim to produce hard and wear-resistant dispersion layers coarse grained TiC-and TiB2-particles were incorporated into the surface layers of steels by means of a two-step laser melting process with reduced melt bath convection. The influence of the carbon conent of the steel and content of alloying elements and hard particles in the screen printed layer on solidification structures and particle dissolution was investigated by optical and electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. The produced layers were also characterized by hardness measurements.
    Notes: Mit dem Ziel, harte und verschleißfeste Dispersionsschichten zu erzeugen, wurden in die Oberfläche von Stahlproben grobkörnige TiC- und TiB2-Partikel nach einem zweistufigen Prozeß mit Hilfe eines CO2-Leistungslasers eingeschmolzen. Die Laserbehandlung erfolgte derart, daß eine Schmelzbadkonvektion weitgehend unterdrückt werden konnte. Der Einfluß des Kohlenstoffgehaltes im Stahl sowie der Art und der Gehaltes von metallischen Zusätzen und Hartstoffen in der Vorbeschichtung auf die Hartstoffauflösung und die Ausbildung der Schichtgefüge wurde mittels Lichtmikroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Röngenmikroanalyse untersucht. Außerdem wurden zur Schichtcharakterisierung Härtemessungen durchgeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270511
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerische Untersuchung zum Verhalten von Rißwiderstandskurven: Simulation mit dem Kohäsivmodell (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 252-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characteristics of Crack Resistance: Simulation with a new Cohesive ModelCracks in structures induce high stress and strain concentration and reduce significantly their load capacity. The resistance of the material during stable crack extention is determined using global quantities measured on specific crack specimens. However, such determined resistance of a material is dependent on several parameters, even under small scale yielding as shown here. The behaviour of the resistance curves, determined by Finite Element simulations using a new GKSS specific cohesive model, will be presented. New aspects also arise for the choise, design, and assessment of materials.
    Notes: Bauteile werden durch Risse infolge ihrer lokalen Beanspruchungs-konzentration deutlich geschwächt. Zur Bewertung der maximalen Restfestigkeit wird der Widerstand eines Werkstoffs durch Rißwiderstandskurven bestimmt. Sie basieren auf global zugänglichen und meßbaren Größen. In der einfachsten Vorstellung sollte der Rißwiderstand nur vom Werkstoff abhängen. Dies trifft leider nicht zu. Mit dem GKSS spezifischen Kohäsivmodell wird der Bruchvorgang realitätsnäher konstiutiv lokal beschrieben. Durch FEM Rechnungen wird gezeigt, welche Größen den Rißwiderstand beeinflussen. Auch für die Werkstoffentwicklung ergeben sich neue Aspekte im Hinblick auf eine gezielte Auswahl oder Veränderung eines Werkstoffs.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270513
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    Wie sicher sind keramische Kugelköpfe für Hüftendoprothesen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 280-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: How safe are ceramic femoral heads for hip endoprotheses?This is a review of the basic properties, standards, and regulations that are correlated to the application and safety of ceramic femoral heads for hip endoprotheses. The investigation of more than 150 retrieved femoral heads (revisions and autopsies) provides information about the reasons of the failures and was basis for projects to improve ceramic femoral heads.The revision on a hip endoprothesis is mostly caused by aseptic loosening of the stem or the socket. Failures because of materials properties, e.g. fracture of a stem or because of an infection are quite seldom.Because of this investigation it can be concluded that the Biolox femoral head is a safe component in a hip endoprothesis. Based on 20 years clinical experience the in vivo failure rate is less than 0.02% for Biolox femoral heads, 0.01% for heads wite 28mm diameter.
    Notes: Es werden die Gebrauchseigenschaften, Vorschriften und Normen diskutiert, die für die Sicherheit eines keramischen Kugelkopfes bei Hüftendoprothesen relevant sind. Die Auswertung von über 150 Biolox-Explantaten (Revisionen und Autopsien) ergab Hinweise über Versagensursachen und für Maßnahmen zu Verbesserungen.Grund für die Revision einer Hüftendoprothese ist in den meisten Fällen eine aseptische Lockerung des Schaftes oder der Pfanne. Materialversagen, z. B. Schaftbrüche und Infektionen als Ursache für Revisionen haben einen deutlich geringeren Anteil.Analysiert man die Ursachen für Revisionen von künstlichen Hüftgelenken, dann ist der keramische Biolox-Kugelkopf als eine sichere Komponente zu bezeichnen. Basierend auf einer 20jährigen klinischen Erfahrung mit Biolox-Kugelköpfen, liegt für Kugelbrüche in vivo eine Revisionsrate von unter 0,02%, 0,01% für Köpfe mit 28mm Durchmesser.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270606
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    Neue Verfahren und Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270702
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  • 23
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    Einfluß der Wärmeermüdung im Tieftemperaturbereich (77 K ⇔ 373 K) auf mechanische Eigenschaften der (α + β)-Ti-Legierung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effect of the low-temperature thermal cycling (77 K ⇔ 373 K) on certain mechanical properties of a two-phase (α + β)-titanium alloyThe paper reports an investigation on the effect of low-temperature thermal cycling (LTTC) within (77 K ⇔ 373 K) range on select mechanical properties and crystal lattice parameters of the constituent phase, α and β, of a double-phase titanium alloy as determined at temperatures of 295 K and 77 K.Fatigue tests were conducted under plane bending conditions at stresses exceeding the material endurance limit. It was found that the LTTC effects were closely related to the number of thermal cycles applied: after 100 cycles the fatigue strength at the two temperatures rose by 30% as compared with the no-LTTC condition: after 500 LTTC cycles a pronounced drop in the fatigue strength was observed ′ 87% at temperature of 295 K and 30% at 77 K.Microscopy and X-Ray studies showed that twinning had a significant effect on both the LTTC and mechanical fatigue processes.Residual stresses arising during the LTTC treatment were found to be a stimulating factor in the development of deformational processes occurring in the loaded material.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde der Einfluß der Wärmeermüdung im Tieftemperaturbereich (77 K ⇔ 373 K) (WETT) auf einige mechanische Eigenschaften wie auch auf die Kristallgitter-Parameter der α und β-Phasen der (WT3-1)-Titan-Legierung bei Temperaturen von 295 K und 77 K.Die Ermüdungsuntersuchungen waren beim Biegen unter einem zweiachsigen Spannungszustand durchgeführt worden. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Wirkung der WETT auf die Eigenschaften von der Anzahl der WETT-Zyklen abhängig ist: Während nach 100 Zyklen eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Eigenschaften festzustellen war, wurde dagegen nach 500 Zyklen eine eindeutige Verschlechterung der Eigenschaften ermittelt.Die mikroskopischen und röntgenographischen Untersuchungen haben es ermöglicht, den Einfluß der Zwillingsbildung auf die WETT- und den Ermüdungsverlauf zu bestätigen: der Verlauf der Verformungsprozesse ist von den Eigenspannungen, die während der WETT entstehen und als Stimulus-Faktoren anzusehen sind, beeinflußt worden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270806
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  • 24
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    Adiabatic flow curves of metallic materials at high strain rates (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 408-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Adiabatisches Fließverhalten metallischer Werkstoffe bei hohen DehngeschwindigkeitenSchlagdruckversuche werden an Armcoeisen, CrV-Stahl, NiCrMoV-Stahl, austenitischen NiCrMo-Stahl, Tantal, Nickel, Ni3Al und Magnesium durchgeführt. Die ermittelten Fließkurven werden analysiert, um den Einfluß der in Wärme umgewandelte Verformungsarbeit auf das Fließverhalten und die mechanische Stabilität zu erfassen. Nicht nur die Werkstoffeigenschaften sondern auch die Reibungsbedingungen erweisen sich als maßgebliche Einflußgrößen für Fließspannungsabnahme und die Stabilitaät. Hohe Reibungskrüfte fördern die Verformungslokalisierung und die mechanische Instabilität von Werkstoffen mit niedriger Verfestigung und niedriger Geschwindigkeitsempfindlichkeit.
    Notes: Dynamic compression tests are carried out on Armco iron, Cr-V-steel, Ni-Cr-Mo-V-steel, an austenitic Ni-Cr-Mo-steel, tantalum, nickel and Ni3Al and magnesium. The flow curves are analysed to determine the influence of the deformation energy which is tranformed into heat on the flow behaviour and mechancial stability. Not only the material properties but also the conditions of friction between the specimen and the compression tool are found to have a greate influence on the flow stress reduction and stability. High frictional forces promote mechanical instability of materials with low strain hardening and low strain rate sensitivity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270814
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    Verfahren und Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270903
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    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 466-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270915
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  • 27
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    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271003
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    Zeitstandfestigkeit und Hochtemperatur-schädigung von Incoloy 800 HT nach Lösungsglühbehandlung und langzeitiger Hochtemperaturauslagerung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep Strength and High Temperature Damage of Incoloy 800 HT after Solution Treatment and High Temperature AgeingIn the present work the influence of heat, treatment, especially for high temperature ageing, on the creep strength and the intercrystalline creep damage of the iron base alloy Incoloy 800 HT(X10 NiCrAlTi 32 20 HT) is examined. For this purpose the properties and the damage behaviour, particulary the magnitude of damage, of the preaged materials at two test temperatures are compared to the solution treated material after creep failure. The results of metallographic investigation (optical, SEM and TEM) were used to study the influence of long therm ageing on the damage and the microstruture. The damage is quantified by using a damage parameter which is derived from the creep crack density and the length.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluß der Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere der einer langzeitigen Hochtemperaturauslagerung, auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit und die interkristalline Schädigung der Eisenbasislegierung Incoloy 800 HT (X10 NiCrAlTi 32 20 HT) untersucht. Dabei werden zum einen der lösungsgeglühte Zu-stand und zum anderen langzeitig, bis zu einer Gesamtdauer von 3000h, überalterte Werkstoffzustände bei zwei Versuchstemperaturen im Zeitstandexperiment miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse metallographischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung der auftretenden interkristallinen Schädigung durch die Langzeitauslagerung werden vorgestellt und mit einem quantitativen Schädigungsparameter beschrieben. Die auftretende Schädigung im überalterten und löungsgeglühten Werkstoff nach Zeitstandbeanspruchung werden miteinander verglichen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271006
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    DECHEMA-Mitteilung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 490-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271009
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    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 518-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271014
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  • 31
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    Verfahren und Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271102
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  • 32
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    Neue Bayer-Schrift (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 539-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271106
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    Mikrostruktur und Anlaßverhalten aufgedampfter bzw. thermisch gespritzter ZrO2-Schichten auf metallischen Substraten (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 546-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microstructure and Tempering Behaviour of Evaporated resp. Thermally Sprayed ZrO2-Layers on Metallic SubstratesBecause of their application in gas turbines plasmasprayed thermal barrier coatings of partially stabilized zirconia on metallic substrates are an example for the technical use of ceramic-metal-composites. Problems especially concerning the interface adhesion are still partly not understood. In this paper several systems are examined by electron microscopy, which all consist of ceramic zirconia layers evaporated or thermally sprayed on a metallic substrate. Priority is given to structural analysis. An attempt is made to lighten the interface morphology by the method of cross section preparing, because thereby the possibility of aimed preparation is given.
    Notes: Durch ihren Einsatz in Gasturbinen sind plasmagespritzte Wärmedämmschichten aus teilstabilisierten Zirkoniumdioxid auf metallischen Substraten ein Beispiel für einen in der Praxis eingesetzten Schichtverbundwerkstoff aus Keramik und Metall. Die damit verbundenen Probleme vor allem im Bereich der Grenzflächenhaftung sind immer noch teilweise unverstanden [1,2,3]. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene systeme elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht, bei denen eine keramische ZrO2-Schicht auf ein metallisches Substrat aufgedampft bzw. thermisch gespritzt worden ist. Im Vordergrund steht die Gefügeanalyse des Verbundwerkstoffes, wobei der Versuch unternommen wird, mit Hilfe der durch TEM-Querschliffe möglichen Zielpräparation auch die Grenzflächenmorphologie aufzuklären.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271108
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    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271202
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    Neues Institut (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271205
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    On-line Determination of Particle Size Distribution during the manufacture of compound feed (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental investigations were carried out with mainly a Mogensen-Sizer, compared with test screening and additionally laser diffraction and light extinction, in order to check the qualification for on-line determination of particle size distribution under the specific conditions of feed milling. The different components of compound feed, the degree of milling, the difference in measured particle characteristics and the possibility of sample dispersion affect the comparability of the results. The results show that laser diffraction is a manysided method with accurate recording of the distribution. The modified Mogensen-Sizer can be a robust low-price alternative if the control of selected distribution parameters is sufficient.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130510
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    In-line Particle Size Analysis in the fines outlet of an air classifier (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Laser diffraction (LD), with reference to the analysis time, is highly advantageous for the automation of particle size analysis. The high measuring frequencies alloy quasi-continous measuring operation. The fineness values obtained form the particle size distribution (PSD) can be transformed into electrical signals for automatic process control.For industrial purposes, an encapsulated measuring cell was developed where the laser beam penetrates the dispersed fines stream via two optical windows. Thus, hazardous materials can also be measured, specifically pharmaceutical or chemical products, or applications requiring explosion-proof plant design are possible. Great efforts had to be made to keep the inner side of the windows clean form product dust. Ultimately, batches running for more than 8 h could be analysed continuously without any contamination of the windows. For the PSD measurements, a standard LD instrument was used with a measuring range of 0.5/0.9-175 μm.As product fineness is monitored continuously in-stream, and virtually without delay, any changes in the fineness during classifier operation can be detected immediately. On the one hand, this opens up a new field for studies of classifier performance. On the other, immediate quality control of even very small batches is possible during the micronization process. The results demonstrate very clearly, for example, the importance of controlling the feed rate to the classifier. Therefore, fineness control by means of this in-line technique gives superior advantages for direct adjustment of the classifier speed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130509
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    Barium Sulfate Precipitation: Crystallization kinetics and the role of the additive PMA-PVS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The precipitation of barium sulfate was investigated by photon correlation spectroscopic (PCS) measurements of the growing crystals combined with electrical conductivity measurements of the mother solution. Small silica seeds (36nm) were added to the solution. Therefore, heterogeneous nucleation did not take place on the walls and on the stirrer, which is usually the case, but on the seeds. Hence the growth of the crystals which had nucleated on the seeds could be studied by PCS. In order to avoid the ill-conditioned inversion of the measured raw data, the autocorrelation functions, a population balance model was used to calculate these functions with the help of a kinetic model taken from the literature. The measured an the calculated autocorrelation functions could coincide and adjustable parameters were found from a least-squares fit. The measurements revealed that nucleation is strongly enhanced by PMA-PVS (polymaleic acid-polyvinylsulfonic acid). However, a simple model which assumes langmuir adsorption of PMA-PVS on the crystal surface did not describe the kinetics very well. The nucleation rate in the absence of the additive was found to be J=1.3·1010 exp(-27/In2S) [m-3s-1], while the growth rate was G=2.6·10-8(S-1)2/3 S1/3 exp(-29/3 In S) [ms-1]. These results match results taken from the literature fairly well.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130511
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    Development of Agglomerate Size and Structure during spherical agglomeration in suspension (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 322-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the spherical agglomeration process, a suspended solid is agglomerated by adding a binding liquid. First, mircoagglomerates or flocs are produced, which are compacted in the course of the process. Agglomerate size was evaluated by laser diffraction spectrometry, image analysis was used to determine the size and some adequately defined shape parameters calculated by Fourier analysis of the particle contour.The shape analysis confirms the visual observations; the compaction of the flocs is expressed by the corresponding change of the shape parameters. The influence of several process parameters on changes in agglomerate shape can be described quantitatively and help to gain an insight into agglomeration mechanisms. The particle size distributions determined by image analysis and laser diffraction spectrometry hardly differ for fairly spherical flocs or agglomerates. Concerning the size distribution of the irregular flocs, laser diffraction spectrometry measures larger particles than image analysis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130512
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130601
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    Sizing of Irregular Particles Using a Phase Doppler System (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 343-349 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Response of a phase Doppler system to irregularly shaped particles is examined and shown to deviate qualitatively as well as quantitatively from the spherical particles. Nevertheless, the measured phase distributions based on an ensemble of particles exhibit a high degree of order and simplicity. The experimental data and the stochastic modeling of the process have shown that the phase Doppler technique can be used successfully for in-situ sizing and velocimetry of irregular particles. In the case of irregular crystalline particles, mean size and standard deviation can be deduced without requiring any assumptions regarding the functional form of the size distribution. As opposed to other optical techniques, phase Doppler can be used, in principle, near the backscattering location, so that a single optical window would be employed for transmission of laser light and collection of the scattered signals. Furthermore, size measurements can be velocity-resolved, i.e. a size distribution can be associated with each bin of the velocity histogram.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130603
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    Particle Size Determination by Laser Reflection: Methodology and problems (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 10-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The particle size distribution of crystalline solids has progressively become a key parameter in manufacturing processes, as important as chemical purity. Among the particle size determination and counting systems available on the market, very few offer the possibility of continuous in situ monitoring of the particle size evolution during crystallization. For this reason, much interest has been aroused by the appearance of the Par Tec 100, patented by Laser Sensor Technology [1, 2]. A study has been carried out in a stirred vessel to verify the precision and reproducibility of particle size measurement and elucidate the influence of experimental parameters on data accessible with this instrument. Optimum reproducibility has logically been achieved by fixing the highest possible cycle time and taking the mean of several cycles. Determinations with the Par Tec 100 are influenced variously, according to whether they relate to the total number of particles counted or to the mean size. Thus, the number of counts measured by a particle size probe largely depends on the operating conditions and more particularly on the hydrodynamic conditions, solvent, temperature and focal point position. Its dependence relative to the concentration of the solid in suspension is normal and linear for a solid and for a given monodisperse sample. To establish the relationship between the number of counts and the population density would therefore necessitate delicate calibration on a case-by-case basis. The mean size determined does not depend on suspension homogeneity, provided that the stirring speed is sufficient for a statistically significant total count. On the other hand, for a given sample, a displacement of the focal point can lead to considerable variations in the size determined. The optimal focal point position for small sizes is in fact highly sensitive. Lastly, the optimal position of the focal point is considerably dependent on the true size of the particles, which means that this counter is unsuitable for the precise analysis of a dispersed sample since each particle size class would require a different setting of the focal point. In addition, the sizes determined, irrespective of the products studied, appear to be underestimated for large particles and over estimated for small particles.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130104
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    Experimental Studies of Electrically Active Fibrous Filter Loading (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrically active fibrous filters, that is fibrous filters whose fibres carry a permanent electric charge, are an increasingly popular alternative to conventional fibrous filters in applications where low pressure drop and high collection efficiencies are critical. The advantage of these materials is the additional collection efficiency, due to electrostatic mechanisms, that can be achieved without pressure drop increase. The efficiency of these materials can fall as they are loaded with aerosol particles, so it is necessary that proper account be taken of this process during use. A complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this reduction in efficiency has not yet been reached. An experimental study has been undertaken at Loughborough University of Technology investigating the loading behaviour of a mixed fibre type electrically active material. The experimental techniques used in this work and experimental findings with a range of aerosol particle sizes are reported here.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130109
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 178-178 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130302
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  • 45
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    Monodisperse Sprays for Various Purposes  -  Their production and characteristics (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of liquid sprays represents a key technology for a wide range of industrial proceses. Most applications currently use pressure or air-assisted atomization, resulting in the production of polydisperese sprays. Recent advances in experimental and numerical techniques for investigating liquid spraying processes, however, have enabled a closer examination of parameter optimization, leading to the conclusion that in may cases, a much narrower size distribution, or even a monodisperse spray, may exhibit many advantages. Currently monodisperse droplet generators, or drop-on-demand generators, do not meet this challenge of producing monodisperse sprays, primarily owing to the very low volume flow rate of liquid which is atomized. In the present work, a monodisperse sprya generator is introduced, which overcomes this difficulty for many applications.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130303
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    Deformation of liquid droplets during collisions with hot walls: Experimental and Numerical Results (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 186-191 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of droplet deformation during wall impingement were performed for ethanol droplets and water droplets with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 μm. The wall temperature is well above the Leidenfrost temperature of the droplet liquid. With monodisperse droplet streams and a special illumination technique, slow motion images of the phenomena can be obtained. Measurements with high temporal resolution below 1 μs are possible using a standard video camera. The experimental results are compared with numerical results, which were obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids including surface tension effects. The fluids are treated with the volume-of-fluid method and the free surface is modeled according to the continuum-surface-force model. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130304
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  • 47
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    Neue Schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A4 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270103
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    Tagung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 24-24 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270108
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    Tagung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 44-44 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270111
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  • 50
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270201
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    Stellungnahme zur Buchbesprechung von W. Schütz in Mat.-wiss. u. Werkstofftech. 26, 614 (1995): Ermüdungsfestigkeit - Grundlagen für Leichtbau, Maschinen- und Stahlbau, D. Radaj (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 164-164 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270409
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    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A11 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270203
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    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 79-79 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270208
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    Bewertung von Schädigungserscheinungen in Thermoplasten mittels simultaner Messung der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Charakteristik und dielektrischer Kennfunktionen. Teil I: Schädigungsphänomene infolge mechanischer Belastung und Möglichkeiten der experimentellen Bewertung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 90-95 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of damage effects in thermoplastics by means of simultaneous measurements of stress-strain characteristics and dielectric properties. Part I: Damage effects due to mechanical loading and possibilities of experimental evaluationThe first part describes the mechanism of damage and failure of thermoplastics during mechanical loading. It will discussed the typical loading limits for characterization of structural changes due to quasistatic tests. In order to quantify the damage and failure effects in terms of critical stress or strain the experimental possibilities will described.
    Notes: Der erste Teil beschreibt die Mechanismen der Schädigung bzw. des Versagens von Thermoplasten während mechanischer Belastung. Typische Belastungsgrenzen zur Charakterisierung der strukturellen Veränderungen während quasistatischer Versuche werden diskutiert. Die experimentellen Möglichkeiten zur Quantifizierung der Schädigungs- bzw. Versagensgrenzen in Form von kritischen Spannungen bzw. Dehnungen werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Neuerscheinungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 400-400 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270811
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    Transparent wärmegedämmte Sonnenkollektoren (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 407-407 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270813
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    Buchhinweis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 134-134 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270311
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996) 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270401
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  • 59
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    Schnellbewertung von Dispersionsgefüge und mechanischen Eigenschaften karbidbildender Stähle (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 143-148 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fast Evaluation of dispersed Microstructure and mechanical Properties of Carbide forming SteelsA possibility of a fast evaluation concerning the dispersed microstructure and the properties of C-, Cr- and Mn-alloy steels is presented. The dispersed microstructure was adjusted by precipitation and coarsening from the martensitic initial condition. The quick recording coercive field strength HC and microstructural parameters obtained from scanning electronmicroscopic investigations were used in the relationship HC-particle diameter dp relative to a microstructure fast evaluation. Due to the repeated nucleation the M3C carbides grow and coarse parallel and in particle generations. Thus always a particle size spectrum is obtained.A fast evaluation of properties is realized by the connection HC - yield strength Rp0.2 / tensile strength Rm / hardness HV. Since HC reacts on the size of precipitated particles, and the course HC - time t / dp / particle volume (dp/2)3 encloses two maxima, which both separate the precipitation (A) and coarsening stage (V), at any HC-value one of the attaching possibilities (A or V) must be excluded. This can be reached by considering the obtained temperature and time limiting values.The magnetic measuring method with the structure-sensitive quantity HC yields to an assertion relative to the microstructual condition within one minute. The error amounts to ≤0.5%. The application of the HC-measurement is time- and cost-economic. A special sample preparing is not necessary. The condition of the surface does not enter into the measuring result. The yielded connections HC - Rp0.2 / Rm / HV can be used like a standard referred to the tested grades of steel.
    Notes: Es wurde eine Möglichkeit für eine Gefüge- und Eigenschaftsschnellbewertung von C-, Cr- und Mn-legierten Stählen mit Dispersionsgefüge, das durch Ausscheidung und Vergröberung aus dem martensitischen Ausgangszustand eingestellt wurde, erarbeitet. Die schnellregistrierende Koerzitivfeldstärke HC und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch ermittelte Gefügeparameter können z. B. im Zusammenhang HC- Partikeldurchmesser dp für eine Gefügeschnellbewertung genutzt werden. Infolge wiederholter Keimbildungwachsen und vergröbern die M3C-Karbide parallel und in Partikelgenerationen. Daher wird immer ein Partikelgrößenspektrum erhalten.Eine Eigenschaftsschnellbewertung ist über den Zusammenhang HC - Streckgrenze Rp 0,2/Zugfestigkeit Rm/Härte HV möglich. Da HC auf die Größe der ausgeschiedenen Partikel reagiert und der Verlauf HC - Zeit t / Partikeldurchmesser dp / Partikelvolumen (dp/2)3 zwei Maxima einschließt, die beiderseits das Ausscheidungs-(A) und Vergröberungsstadium (V) trennen, muß bei einem betrachteten HC-Wert eine der Zuordnungsmöglichkeiten ausgeschlossen werden. Dies kann bei Beachtung von ermittelten Temperatur-Zeit-Grenzwerten erreicht werden.Die magnetisché Meßmethode liefert mit der strukturempfindlichen Größe HC innerhalb einer Minute eine Aussage zum Gefügezustand. Der Fehler liegt bei ≤0.5%. Die Anwendung der HC-Messung ist zeit- und kostensparend. Eine Probenbearbeitung ist nicht erforderlich. Der Zustand der Oberfläche geht in das Meßergebnis nicht ein. Die aufgestellten Zusammenhänge HC - Rp 0,2 / Rm / HV können für die getesteten Stahlmarken standardmäßig angewendet werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A35 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270406
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    Erörterung auf die Stellungnahme von Herrn Radaj auf die Rezension des Buches „Ermüdungsfestigkeit“ (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 164-189 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270410
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    Oxidierende Nachbehandlung von Nitrocarburierschichten - Einfluß auf die Schwingfestigkeit (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 190-198 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxdiation treatment of nitrocarburized layers and its influence on fatigue strengthThis paper deals with the investigation of the fatigue strength of salt bath nitrocarburized specimens of the steels SAE 1015, SAE1034, SAE 1042, SAE4135 and SAE4140 in a normalized or in a quenched and tempered state, and additionally cooled after nitrocarburizing in different media (salt water, oil, oxidizing salt bath). In statistically ascertained rotating bending fatigue tests the oxidized specimens of the alloyed steel showed improved fatigue lives in comparison with the oil-quenched ones. In contrast with the case of unalloyed steel the low cooling rate during the oxidizing treatment leads to a decrease in fatigue life. The result of corrosion fatigue tests with specimens of SAE4135 and SAE4140 show that the 5% NaCl environment drastically reduced fatigue life but nitrocarburizing plus oxidation treatment was found to improve the corrosion fatigue life over that of untreated specimens. The beneficial effect of nitrocarburizing followed by oxidation treatment on corrosion fatigue life results from the protection rendered by the compound layer by means of a well-sealed oxide layer, whereby the pores present in the compound layer fill up with oxides.
    Notes: Proben der Stähle C 15, Ck 35, Ck 45, 34CrMo 4 und 42 CrMo 4 im normalisierten bzw. im vergüteten Ausgangszustand wurden salzbad-nitrocarburiert und nachfolgend in unterschiedlichen Medien (Salzwasser, Öl, oxidierendes Warmbad) abgekühlt. Die Ergebnisse der statistisch abgesicherten Umlaufbiegeuntersuchungen zeigten, daß die oxidierten Prüflinge der legierten Stähle im Vergleich zu ölabgekühlten proben höhere Lebensdauer aufweisen. Im Falle der unlegierten Stähle wird dagegen infolge der langsamen Abkühlung von Nitrocarburiertemperatur durch die Oxidation die Lebensdauer erniedrigt. Die oxidierende Nachbehandlung der Nitrierschichten Führt zur Bildung einer dichten und festhaftenden Eisenoxidschicht auf der Nitridschicht und zur Ausfüllung der Poren mit Oxiden. Dadurch wird die Beständigkeit gegen Schwingungsrißkorrosion (SwRK) signifikant erhöht.
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    Effect of polyox drag reducing polymer on the Diffusion Controlled Corrosion of agitated vessels (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 206-208 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of the additions of polyethelene oxide (Polyox) on the rate of dissolution of the copper wall of an agitated vessels in acidified FeCl3 solutions was determined by measuring the weight loss and the increase of Cu++ concentration with time using iodometry. Variables studied were polymer concentration and impeller rotation speed. Polymer addition was found to decrease the rate of diffusion controlled corrosion of copper in acidified FeCl3 by about 25%. The decrease in the rate of corrosion was found to be insensitive to polymer concentration and impeller rotation speed. Practical implications of using drag reducing polymers to combat corrosion and decrease power consumption in agitated vessels were noted.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270416
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    Neuerscheinung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 214-214 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270506
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    Herstellung diamanthaltiger, enkonturnaher Metallmatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe durch Laserstrahlbeschichten (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Near net shape manufacturing of diamond containing metal matrix composites by Laser claddingThe present paper reports about a continous near net shape process for the production of metal matrix composites (MMC). Mixed powders are in a single step process fed into a focused laser beam and clad onto a substrate making advantage of an additional sidewards arranged mould. The process allows a homogeneous distribution of thermally instable hard materials like diamonds in a liquid metal matrix and a good bonding between metal matrix and hard particles after subsequent solidification. No thermal degradation of the diamonds could be detected neither by x-ray nor by mechanical tests. Adjusting powder feed rate, feed rate of the substrate and mean power allow the production of several millimeter high finished honing tools with a pre-determined degree of intermixing between metal matrix and substrate. The overspray is considerably lower than 10 percent. By the mould arrangement (external cooling) it is possible to influence the grain size of the metal matrix. For comparable diamond concentration laser clad honing tools show equivalent roughness of the honed workpiece. Clading velocities using a l kW-Nd:YAG-laser are about 2 cm3/min. It could be demonstrated that the described technique can also be used for other coating systems.
    Notes: Die vorliegende Arbeit berichtet über die kontinuierliche, endkonturnahe Herstellung von Metall-Matrix-Compositeschichten. Hier zu werden Pulvergemische in einem einstufigen Prozeß durch Laserstrahlbeschichten in einer Kokille auf ein Substrat aufgebracht. Bei dem Verfahren gelingt es, thermisch instabile Harstoffe, wie z. B. Diamanten, zunächst gleichmäßig in einer schmelzflüssigen Matrix zu verteilen und nach anschileßender Erstarrung eine gute Bindung zwischen Metallmatrix und Hartstoff zu erreichen. Eine thermische Schädigung der Diamanten ist weder durch rönt-genographische noch durch mechanische Tests nachzuweisen. Durch Anpassung von Pulverförderrate, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit und mittlerer Laserleistung lassen sich mehrere Millimeter hohe, technisch verwendbare Schneidbeläge (z. B. Honleistenbeläge) mit einstellbarem Aufmischungsgrad zwischen Metallmatrix und Substrat erzeugen. Der „overspray“ des Prozesses liegt deutlich unter 10%. Durch die Ausbildung der Kokille (Kühlwirkung) kann man die Korngröße der Matallmatrix beeinflussen. Bei vergleichbarer Diamantkonzentration weisen laserstrahlbeschichtete Honleisten vergleichbare Schneidleistungen auf wie konventionell gesinterte bei ähnlichen Werkzeugstandzeiten und Rauheiten des geschonten Werkstücks. Die Beschichtungsgeschwindigkeiten lie gen bei Verwendung eines gepulsten l kW Nd:YAG-Lasers beica. 2 cm3/min. Stichversuche haben gezeigt, daß sich die beschriebene Technik auch auf andere Schichtsysteme übertragen läßt.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270507
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    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 567-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271115
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  • 67
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    DGM-Mitteilung (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271203
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  • 68
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    Informations-schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271207
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  • 69
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    Professor Dr.-Ing K.-T. Rie. zum 60. Geburtstag (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 571-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271210
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  • 70
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    Herstellung und Optimierung der Festigkeit aktivgelöteter Metall/Keramik- und Keramik/Keramik-Verbunde (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Production and Strength-Optimization of Active-Brazed Metal/Ceramics-and Ceramics/Ceramics CompoundsHPSN-ceramic was active-brazed with HPSN and X23 CrNi17-steel, all of the dimensions 3,5 × 4,5 × 30 mm, using two commercially available silver and silver-cooper active brazes. All essential brazing-parameters were varied. The compounds were investigated using 4-point flexure-test, as well as by application of optical microscope, SEM and EDAX methods. The evaluation of the rupture tensions using Weibull statistics, the appearance of fracture, the thickness of reaction- and brazing-zones revealed the high quality of the silver-copper-braze soldered samples, which showed little influence on the brazing-parameters. The silver-braze samples were distinctively weaker, showing strong dependence on braze-evaporation and residual-stress-relaxation during cooling; HPSN/HPSN compounds showed clearly higher strength compared to HPSN/steel compounds.
    Notes: HPSN-Keramik wurde mit HPSN und dem Stahl X23 CrNi17, jeweils mit den Abmessungen 3,5 × 4,5 × 30 mm, mittels zweier kommerziell erhältlicher Silber bzw. Silber-Kupfer Aktivlote unter Variation aller essentiellen Lötparameter verlötet. Die Verbunde wurden auf ihre Festigkeit mit der 4-Punkt Biegebruchmethode, sowie lichtmikroskopisch, mit REM und EDAX untersucht. Die Auswertung erfolgte nach den Bruchspannungen mittels Weibullstatistik, nach dem Bruchaussehen, sowie nach den Dicken der Reaktions- und Lötzonen. Es zeigte sich eine sehr hohe Qualität der Silber-Kup fer-Lot-Proben, wobei eine geringe Beeinflussung durch Variation der Lötparameter festzustellen war. Die Silberlot-Proben zeigten deutlich niedrigere Festigkeitswerte, welche überdies stark von der Lotabdampfung und Spannungsrelaxation während des Abkühlens während der Lötung abhängig sind. Weiter zeigten Proben artgleicher Keramik/Keramik Lötpartner deutlich höhere Festigkeiten als Metall/Keramik Proben.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270810
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  • 71
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    Großvolumige Verschleißbauteile aus plattierten Grobblechen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 618-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plated steel sheets are increasing used for the manufactoring of heavy wear components. The analysis of wear allows to determine beforehand the wear charakteristic of plated steel sheets and to reach statements about the optimal inset possibilitys of the component parts.
    Notes: Plattierte Grobbleche werden zunehmend für die Fertigung großvolumiger Verschleißbauteile verwendet. Die Verschleißuntersuchungen dienen dazu, das Verschleißverhalten plattierter Grobbleche besser vorherzubestimmen und somit Aussagen über die optimalen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Bauteile zu treffen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271220
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  • 72
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    Isotherme totaldehnungskontrollierte Wechselverformung von GGG-60 im Temperaturbereich 20°C ≤ T ≤ 500°C. Teil II (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Im vorangegangenen Teil dieser Untersuchung wurde über das isotherme. Wechselverformungsverhalten von GGG-60 bei Raumtemperatur und 350°C berichtet. Nachfolgend werden die bei 500°C erzielten Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt und anschließend zusammen mit den bei 20°C und 350°C erarbeiteten Befunden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270204
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    Von Hans-Jürgen Seitz, Vorsprung durch kurze Produktzyklen Simultaneous Engineering 312 Seiten, DM 128,- verlag moderne industrie, Landsberg/Lech 1995 (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270206
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  • 74
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    Charakterisierung des Delaminationsverhaltens von Schichtverbunden unter Mode I- und Mode II-Belastungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterization of the delamination behaviour of composites under mode I- and mode II-loadingIn order to determine fracture toughness properties of fibre-reinforced polymers the „Double Cantilever Beam“-test (DCB) has been used for mode I loading and the „End Notched Flexure“-test (ENF) for mode II loading. By these methods the energy release rate G and the corresponding R-curve (crack resistance curve) have been measured which characterise the crack resistance of the material against delamination.Especially the influence of fibre coatings, different structures of the laminate, and matrix modifiers on fracture toughness have been examined for epoxy as well as for thermoplastic composites (polyamide and polypropylene/glass fibres).
    Notes: Zur Ermittlung der bruchmechanischen Zähigkeitseigenschaften von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen wurde der „Double Cantilever Beam“-Test (DCB) für Mode I-Belastung und der „End Notched Flexure“-Test (ENF) für Mode II-Belastung verwendet. Mit diesen Methoden konnten die Energiefreisetzungsrate G und entsprechende R-Kurven (Mode I) ermittelt werden, die die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen interlaminare Rißausbreitung charakterisieren.Dabei wurde der Einfluß der Grenzschichtgestaltung, verschiedener Faseranordnungen und unterschiedlicher Matrixmodifizierungen auf das Delaminationsverhalten von Epoxidharz-Glasfaser-Verbunden und im Vergleichdazu auf zwei Thermoplastvarianten (Polyamid- und Polypropylen-Glasfaser) untersucht.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270209
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    Tagungsbericht (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 105-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270212
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  • 76
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    Neue Bücher und Schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270303
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  • 77
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    Bioinerte Implantatkeramiken Teil I. Technologisch relevante Phasenuntersuchungen im Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-System (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bioinert implant ceramics Part I. Technological relevant phase investigations in the Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-systemThe Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-system forms the basis for developing variable, bioinert implant ceramics. This is why its components and their binary systems as well as the ternaryphase diagram for the solid (〈 1750 K) and solid-liquid region (1775 K) have been investigated and compared with literature data.
    Notes: Das Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-System bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung variabler, bioinerter Implantatkeramiken. Zusammenfassend behandelt werden daher die Komponeten und binären Rand-systeme sowie das ternäre Zustandsdiagramm für den festen Aggregatzustand (〈 1750 K) und für den Bereich mit Schmelzphasen (1775 K).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270307
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    Betrachtungen über mikrobiell induzierte Korrosionsvorgänge und deren biologischen Hintergrund (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on events of microbially induced corrosion and their biological backgroundOn a real cooling water system, damaged by microbiallyinduced corrosion (MIC), the brown layer found in the tubes has been examined for aerobic and anaerobic backteria, which belong to different metabolic groups. With regard to the low input of organic substrates the tubes for cooling water represent a lean location. Instead, several populations of aerobic, fermenting denitrifying and anaerobic bacteria develop under these conditions, situated on the tube' surface in the biofilm. On the basis of their metabolic activities the microbes contribute to those chemical reactions that cause the calssical types of corrosion. At the moment it is impossible to determine the magnitude of the microbial influence upon corrosion because thepopulation densities are still unknown. This essay offers a first glance at a complex system of inorganic elements, organic substrates and living organisms interacting in the biofilm.
    Notes: An einem Kühlwassersystem kam es aufgrund von mikrobiell induzierter Korrosion (MIC) zu einem Schadensfall. Der bräunliche Belag, der sich in den Rohren befand, wurde nach aeroben und anaeroben Bakterien untersucht, die zu unterschiedlichen Stoffwechseltypen gehören. Betrachtet man die geringe Zufuhr an organischen Substanzen können die Kühlwasserrohre als „magerer“ Standort bezeichnet werden. Trotzdem kommt es unter diesen Bedingungen im Biofilm zur Entwicklung einer vielfältigen Mischpopulation von aeroben, denitrifizierenden und anaeroben Bakterien, die gemeinsam einen Biofilm auf der Rohroberfläche ausbilden. Bakterien können durch ihre Stoffwechselvorgänge einen Beitrag zu den chemischen Reaktionen leisten, die dann zur Entstehung der klassischen Korrosionsarten führen. Die Populationsdichten sind allerdings noch nicht bekannt. Deshalb ist es noch nicht möglich die Größe des Einflusses auf die Korrosion abzuschätzen. Die Studie gibt einen ersten Einblick in ein komplexes System aus anorganischen Elementen, organischen Substanzen, den darin lebenden Organismen und den Wechselwirkungen untereinander im Biofilm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270308
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    Veranstaltungen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A33 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270402
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    Festwalz-Eigenspannungen per computer-Simulation bestimmen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 159-164 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270408
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    Neue Verfahren u. Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271206
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    Neuauflage (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 583-583 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271212
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    Witterungsbeständige Kunststoffe und Textilien im Automobilbau - Korrelation zwischen Frei-und GerätrebewitterungSchriftfassung eines Vortrages, gehalten am 21. März 1996 in Mannheim, VDI-K-Jahrestagung „Kunststoffe im Automobilbau“ - Teil IHerrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. K.-T. Rie zum 60. Geburtstag (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Weather-Resistant Plastics and Fabrics in Automotive Engineering - Correlation between Natural and Artificial WeatheringSchriftfassung eines Vortrages, gehalten am 21. März 1996 in Mannheim, VDI-K-Jahrestagung „Kunststoffe im Automobilbau“ - Part IPlastics and textiles used in automotive engineering are partly exposed to extreme weathering influences. These produce an ageing of the materials and components, which can become visible e. g. in the form of cracks, color changes or deformations.The first part of this report deals with climatic variables that are important for the ageing of polymer materials and the stresses on vehicle components due to climate.In the second part test methods used to prove the weathering resistance will be presented, first the natural weathering, then some short-time testing methods of artificial weathering. Further the correlation between natural and artificial weathering will be explained using selected examples.
    Notes: Kunststoffe und Textilien sind im Automobilbau zum Teil extremen Witterungseinflüssen ausgesetzt. Diese bewirken eine Alterung der Materialien und Bauteile, die z. B. in Form von Rissen, Farbänderungen oder Verformungen sichtbar werden kann.Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages werden die für die Alterung von Polymerwerkstoffen wesentlichen Klimagrößen und die hieraus resultierenden Beanspruchungen von Fahrzeugbauteilen beschrieben.Im zweiten Teil werden Methoden zur Prüfung der Witterungsbeständigkeit vorgestellt, zunächst die Freibewitterung, bei der die Prüfobjekte der natürlichen Witterung ausgesetzt sind, danach einige Kurzzeitprüfmethoden, die auf künstlich in Geräten erzeugten Klimata basieren. Anschließend wird die Korrelation zwischen Frei-und Gerätebewitterung anhand ausgewählter Beispiele dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271214
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    Bestimmung der Porenkonfiguration vor Rißspitzen bei Kriechermüdung von austenitischem StahlZum 60. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. K.-T. Rie (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimental determination of the cavity configuration in front of the crack tip in the case of creep-fatigue of austenitic steelZum 60. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. K.-T. RieIf used in the high temperature low-cycle fatigue regime, austenitic steel can fail die to the formation and growth of grain boundary cavities. In this case the failure is dominated by the interaction of the intercrystalline crack and the grain boundary cavities. The formation and growth of cavities depend on stress and strain. Because of the notch effect, the local stress and strain at the crack tip are increased. Therefore in the crack tip region also an increased cavity density can be expected. The critical cavity configuration for the interaction of the crack and cavities in the crack tip region can be reached earlier then in the rest of the material.In the presented study, the cavity configuration close to the crack tip was determined by experiment to get the basis for a local crack growth model. It is shown that the cavity density in the crack tip region is higher then in the rest of the material. Because of this, also a high microcrack density at the crack tip can be observed. An interdependence between the crack growth rate, the distance and the size of the cavities was found to be proved true.
    Notes: Austenitische Stähle können beim Einsatz unter Hochtemperatur Low Cycle Fatigue Bedingungen durch die Entstehung und das Wachstum von Korngrenzporen versagen. Der Versagensablauf ist durch eine Wechselwirkung des interkristallinen Risses mit den Poren bestimmt. Die Entstehung und das Wachstum von Poren hängt von der aufgebrachten Dehnung und wirkenden Spannung ab. Bedingt durch die Kerbwirkung des Risses sind die lokale Dehnung und Spannung vor der Rißspitze erhöht, so daß in diesem Bereich eine höhere Porendichte zu erwarten ist. Eine kritische Porenkonfiguration, bei der es zu einer Wechselwirkung zwischen Riß und Poren kommt, kann im Bereich der Rißspitze somit früher erreicht werden als im restlichen Werkstoff.Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellen Untersuchungen wurde die Porenkonfiguration im Bereich der Rißspitze experimentell bestimmt, um die Voraussetzungen für ein lokales Rißortschrittsmodell für Kricchermüdung zu schaffen. Es zeigte sich, daß es in unmittelbarer Nähe der Rißspitze zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Porendichte kommt. Dadurch besteht auch die Möglichkeit der Bildung von Mikrorissen, die direkt vor den Rißspitzen in erheblichem Maße beobachtet wurden. Es konnte ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen der Rißwachstumsrate, dem Abstand und der Größe der Poren nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271216
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  • 85
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    Neue Verfahren + Produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 337-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270707
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  • 86
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    Die Ausbildung von Eigenspannungen an Torsionsproben beim Spannungsstrahlen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270712
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  • 87
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270801
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  • 88
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    Verfahren und produkte (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270802
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  • 89
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    Einfluß des ZrO2-Zusatzes auf mechanische Eigenschaften und den ungeschmierten Gleitverschleiß von TiB2-ZrO2-Mischkeramiken (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effect of ZrO2 addition on mechanical and tribological properties of TiB2-ZrO2-compositesTiB2-ZrO2-composites were produced by hot-pressing in argon. The mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated in relation to the amount and the type of the ZrO2 added. Addition of ZrO2 reduced the sintering temperature of the TiB2-ZrO2-composites and led to growth inhibition of the TiB2 phase. ZrO2 also increased the bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites. Tribological tests were carried out using laboratory tribometers under unlubricated oscillating sliding contact against Al2O3-, Si3N4- and SiC-counterbodies. Abrasive wear of the ceramics against 80 mesh SiC grits was studied by using an abrasive wheel test. During sliding contact the composites showed high wear resistance but caused extensive wear of the counterbodies and high friction coefficients compaired to self-mated monolithic Al2O3- and ZrO2-ceramics. Volumetric wear loss of the TiB2-ZrO2-composites due to abasive SiC grits was by a factor up to 30 lower than that of a commercial monolithic Al2O3. Wear resistance of the composites increased with decreasing amount of ZrO2 and was higher for the composites with addition of partially stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 than for those with addition of monoclinic ZrO2.
    Notes: TiB2-ZrO2-Mischkeramiken wurden durch Heißpressen hergestellt und mechanische sowie tribologische Eigenschaften in Abhängigkeit vom Volumenanteil und der Modifikation des zugegebenen ZrO2 bestimmt. Durch die Zugabe von ZrO2 konnte die zum Erreichen hoher Enddichten notwendige Preßtemperatur auf 1500°C gesenkt und das Kornwachstum des TiB2 verhindert werden. Die Mischkeramiken wiesen gegenüber reiner TiB2-Keramik, bei einer reduzierten Härte, höhere Festigkeiten und Bruchzähigkeiten auf. Die tribologischen Untersuchungen wurden unter ungeschmierter, reversierender Gleitbeanspruchung in Paarung mit Al2O3-, Si3N4- und SiC-Gegenkörpern sowie unter Furchungsbeanspruchung durch SiC-Abrasivpartikel durchgeführt. Im Gleitkontakt zeigten die Mischkeramiken einen hohen Verschleißwiderstand, führten jedoch zu einem starken Verschleiß der keramischen Gegenkörper und hohen Reibungszahlen verglichen mit selbstgepaarten, monolithischen Al2O3- und ZrO2-Keramiken. Unter Furchungsbeanspruchung durch SiC-Abrasivpartikel lag der Verschleißwiderstand der TiB2-ZrO2-Keramiken um einen Faktor biszu 30 höher als der monolithischer Al2O3-Keramik. Der Verschleißwiderstand der TiB2-ZrO2-Kermiken nahm mit abnehmendem ZrO2-Anteil zu und erreichte bei den mit teilstabilisiertem, tetragonalem ZrO2 höhere Werte als bei den mit unstabilisiertem, monoklinen ZrO2 hergestellten Mischkeramiken.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960270713
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  • 90
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    Neue Bücher und Schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 594-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271215
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  • 91
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    Entwicklungen von verschleiß-und korrosionsbeständigen Oberflächensystemen. Development of wear and corrosion resistant surface syatemsZum 60. Geburtstag von Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. K.-T. Rie (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 573-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Develpoment of wear and corrosion resistant surface systemsIn this study two methods are described to realize wear and corrosion resistant surface systems: Plasma diffusion treatment (PDT) and Plasma assited CVD (PACVD). Plasma nitriding, Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma boriding are used to treat different kinds of substrates. The advances of PACVD and the development of low temperature PACVD and industrial applications of these techniques are explained.
    Notes: In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Verfahren zur Realisierung verschleiß-und korrosionsbeständiger Oberflächensysteme beschrieben: Plasmadiffusionsbehandlung (PDT) und Plasmagestütztes CVD (PACVD). Neben den Plasmanitrierverfahren werden auch Plasmanitrocarburieren und Plasmanborieren von unterschiedlichen Substratwerkstoffen behandelt. Die Fortschirtte beim PACVD und die Entwicklung zu den Niedertemperaturbeschichtungsverfahren werden erläutert und Anwendungen dieser Techniken in der Industrie beispielhaft erwähnt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271211
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  • 92
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    Zur Aussagefähigkeit der Almenintensität als Kennwert bei der gezielten Eigenspannungserzeugung durch Kugelstrahlen (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 608-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Significance of Almen Intensity for the Generation of Shot Peening Residual StressesIn practice, shot peening operations are characterized by almen intensity and coverage applied as well as by specifications of type and hardness of the material and the shot peening medium respectively. However, this is not unambigous and consequently not sufficient in all cases. This is outlined and discussed using experimental investigations about the influence of almen intensity and shot diameter on near surface residual stress distributions, taking energy exchanges into account.
    Notes: In der technischen Praxis werden Kugelstrahlbehandlungen üblicherweise durch die Angabe von Almenintensität, Überdeckung sowie von Art und Härte des Strahlmittels und Strahlgutes beschrieben. Dies ist jedoch im Hinblick auf die erzeugten randnahen Werkstoffeigenschaften nicht in allen Fällen eindeutig und ausreichend. Am Beispiel experimenteller Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Almenintensität und des Strahlmitteldurchmessers auf die Eigenspannungsausbildung wird diese Problematik dargestellt und anhand energetischer Betrachtungen des Strahlprozesses erläutert und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271218
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  • 93
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    Neue Bayer-Schriften (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 566-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271114
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  • 94
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    Bezugsquelle (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. A104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271209
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  • 95
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    Schädigungsentwicklung der Legierung IN 738 LC bei Hochtemperatur-LCF-BeanspruchungHerren Proffesor K.-T. Rie zum 60. Geburtstag (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Damage evolution of the alloy IN 738 LC at high temperature low cycle fatigue Herrn Professor K.-T. Rie zum 60. GeburtstagInterrupted Low-Cycle-Fatigue tests have been carried out with IN 738 LC at 850°C. The specimens were extensively examined by SEM to quantify the evolution of fatigue damage. Surface crack nucleation at oxidized grain boundaries occured during the whole experiments. The coalescence of cracks was the dominant mechanism which lead to macro crack evolution and the final fracture.
    Notes: In einer Serie von unterbrochenen Low-Cycle-Fatigue Versuchen wurden diese Schädigungsentwicklungen der Legierung IN 738 LC bei 850°C untersucht. Intensive Nachuntersuchungen der Probenoberflächen mittels REM lieferten Aussagen zu der statischen Entwicklung von Rißentstehung und Rißwachstum. Anrisse an oxidierten Korngrenzen entstehen während des gesamten Experimentes. Dem Zusammenwachsen kleiner Risse zu einem Makroriß kommt einer dominierende Rolle bis zum Versagen der Proben zu.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19960271217
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  • 96
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    Announcement (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 224-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130309
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  • 97
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    Production of Fine Particles from Melts of Metals or Highly Viscous Fluids by ultrasonic standing wave atomization (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultrasonic standing wave atomization (USWA) is a new process capable of atomizing both high surface energy liquids and highly viscous liquids. Atomization is achieved through acoustic forces acting upon a liquid jet which is guided into the central pressure node of a standing wave field. Spherical metal powders with minimum mass median diameters of less than 15 μm have been produced from metal melts with surface tensions of about 0.5 N/m. Organic liquids with viscosities between 1 and 10 Pas have been atomized, yielding mass median diameters from 20 to 330 μm. The influence of different operating parameters on the mass median diameter of metal melts and highly viscous liquids was evaluated. Parameters which were varied were ambient gas pressure, vibration amplitude of the transducers, mass flow rate, density of liquid, viscosity of the liquid, surface tension and the outlet diameter. The powders and sprays were analyzed with laser diffraction particle sizers. The physical background of the atomization process is discussed and an equation for the prediction of the mass median diameter is derived.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130308
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  • 98
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    Experimental Determination of the Transfer Function of a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) in the nanometer size range (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the evaluation of the transfer function for the TSI-short differential mobility analyzer (DMA) in the nanometer particle size rang. The TSI-short DMA is identical with the TSI-long DMA (Model 3071) but has shortened inner and outer electrodes and the insulator material Teflon was replaced by black Delin. The DMA transfer function was determined by operating two identical DMAs in series. The DMA was investigated at a sheath to aerosol flow rate ratio of between 10 and 1. Usually for particles above 50 nm the parameters of the assumed triangular transfer function, i.e. height and half-width, approach the ideal values, which depend only on the flow ratio. For particle size below 50 nm the height decreases from 0.9 at 50 nm to 0.18 at 5 nm. The half-width increase from the ideal value 0.1 to about 0.17. The observed changes of the transfer function are due to diffusional effects resulting in losses mainly in the inlet and outlet and also broadening of the aerosol stream inside the DMA. The determined transfer functions were also compared with transfer functions calculated using a theoretical model. The agreement proved to be satisfactory. The half-widths and the transmission efficiencies of the conventional TSI-DMA (Model 3071), TSI-short with Teflon and also black Delin insulator as a function of particle size are compared to demonstrate the improvements in performance.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130513
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  • 99
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 342-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130602
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  • 100
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    Influence of the Measurement Volume on the Phase Error in Phase Doppler AnemometryFor Part 1, see Ref. [1]. Part 2: Analysis by extension of geometrical optics to the laser beam; Refractive mode operation (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 18-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the measurement volume can be investigated by using extended geometrical optics, which is based on geometrical optics by including the amplitude and phase distribution in the laser beam. The dynamics in phase Doppler anemometry can be analysed, in addition to effects of the particle size-dependent detection volume. Extended geometrical optics has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate these influences for each order of light scattering separately. Phase errors caused by Gaussian-beam intensity distribution and the curvature of the wave fronts beyond the beam waist can easily be calculated. According to Part 1 (Reflective Mode Operation), the influence of the particle trajectories on measured phase and mass concentration is simulated for refractive mode operation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19960130105
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