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  • growth  (64)
  • Photosynthesis  (49)
  • Springer  (112)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • 1995-1999  (112)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1996  (112)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1995-1999  (112)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition plant preference and offspring performance in the comma butterfly: correlations and conflicts (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Polygonia c-album ; Nymphalidae ; host-plant selection ; growth ; size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194743
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature, multiple allelochemicals and larval age on the performance of a specialist caterpillar (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: alkaloid ; developmental time ; early instars ; growth ; Manduca sexta ; molting duration ; phenolics ; plant-herbivore interactions ; thermal regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To understand the mechanisms underlying plant-insect herbivore interactions, it is necessary to examine the simultaneous effects of temperature, food quality and larval age. We examined the simultaneous effects of three allelochemicals (tomatine, rutin and chlorogenic acid) on the performance of first and second instar Manduca sexta larvae under two representative thermal regimes 21 : 10°C and 26 : 15°C for spring and summer, respectively. Thermal regime and allelochemicals interacted to influence the time from egg hatch to ecdysis to the third instar. On average, it took about half as much time to reach the third instar at 26 : 15°C as it did at 21 : 10°C. Separately, tomatine and rutin had a negative effect on developmental time from egg hatch to the third instar, but their simutaneous effects were not additive. Chlorogenic acid significantly reduced the negative effect of tomatine. The magnitude of the allelochemical effect was larger at the cooler thermal regime compared to the warmer regime. For instance, chlorogenic acid by itself had no effect at the 26 : 15°C regime, but at the 21 : 10°C regime it significantly shortened total developmental time. The effect of chlorogenic acid on stadium duration was distinctly different for the two instars. Chlorogenic acid shortened stadium duration of first instar larvae. However, depending on thermal regime and the presence of tomatine, chlorogenic acid had a negative, positive or neutral effect on stadium duration of second instar larvae. Molting duration of second instar larvae was shortened by a half day at the warmer thermal regime but was not affected by the allelochemicals. Final larval weight was influenced by rutin and chlorogenic acid. Caterpillars fed diets containing 20 μmoles of rutin were on average 10% lighter than those fed plain diet, whereas those fed diets containing 20 μmoles of chlorogenic adic were on average 7% heavier. However, the effect of chlorogenic acid depended on thermal regime. Overall, our results indicated that: 1) temperature and food quality can interact to influence insect performance and 2) these effects are influenced by larval age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186292
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of natural and synthetic neuroactive substances on the growth and feeding of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: beta-carboline alkaloid ; Trichoplusia ni ; harmane ; harmaline ; amitriptyline ; imipramine ; monoamine oxidase inhibitor ; tricyclics ; growth ; feeding behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study we investigated the effects of two naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloids and two synthetic tricyclic antidepressants on the growth and food consumption of fifth instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In artificial diets at high concentrations (3,000 ppm), harmane, amitriptyline, and imipramine reduce growth and feeding; harmane reduced feeding consistently at a lower concentration (200 ppm). In animals other than insects, beta-carboline alkaloids inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and thus affect rates of disposition of serotonin and other monoamine neurotransmitters. Because brain serotonin levels are associated with variation in rates of carbohydrate and protein intake in insects, the effects of beta-carboline alkaloid ingestion on dietary self-selection behavior were examined. Choosing between diets lacking carbohydrate but containing protein and diets lacking protein but containing carbohydrate, larvae consumed a greater proportion of diet containing protein but lacking carbohydrate in the presence of harmane than in its absence. These results are consistent with beta-carboline alkaloid-mediated persistence of serotonin in the brain due to MAO inhibition. Alternatively, these results could reflect alkaloid-mediated peripheral inhibition of sucrose taste receptors influencing ingestive behaviors. That beta-carboline alkaloid ingestion is associated with changes in feeding behavior is consistent with a possible defensive role for these compounds in plant foliage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343467
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of earthworms on molybdenum-depending activities (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Earthworms ; Molybdenum ; Nitrate ; reductase activity ; Photosynthesis ; Allolobophora ; caliginosa ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot experiments performed in an alkaline, silty clay soil showed that the presence of Allolobophora caliginosa increased nitrate reductase activity in maize seedlings and nitrogen fixation in the soil, but did not affect photosynthesis and biomass of maize seedlings and oxygen consumption in the soil. The increase in molybdenum-depend-ing activities is ascribed to the greater availability of molybdenum recorded in the presence of earthworms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050183
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of earthworms on molybdenum-depending activities (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Earthworms ; Molybdenum ; Nitrate reductase activity ; Photosynthesis ; Allolobophora caliginosa ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot experiments performed in an alkaline, silty clay soil showed that the presence of Allolobophora caliginosa increased nitrate reductase activity in maize seedlings and nitrogen fixation in the soil, but did not affect photosynthesis and biomass of maize seedlings and oxygen consumption in the soil. The increase in molybdenum-depending activities is ascribed to the greater availability of molybdenum recorded in the presence of earthworms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered root growth and plant chemistry ofPinus sylvestris seedlings subjected to aluminum in nutrient solution (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Scots pine ; Aluminum ; Pollution ; Photosynthesis ; Roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were grown for 9 weeks in nutrient solutions containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) at pH 4.2. Nine weeks exposure to Al significantly reduced total plant, shoot and root mass and caused a linear decline in proportional allocation of biomass to roots. Relative growth rate of roots declined to as low as zero. Aluminum treatment decreased calcium and magnesium uptake and increased Al content in roots and needles. After 3 weeks of exposure a 10–60% increase in total phenols in roots and a 20–40% increase in o-diphenols in roots and needles were noted. Roots affected by Al showed degeneration of meristematic cells, fewer cell divisions, deformation in cell walls and higher lignification and suberization. The majority of root apices were structurally similar to dormant roots, and a premature senescence of the entire root system was observed. Net photosynthetic rate after 6 weeks of treatment was negatively correlated with needle Al content and Al/Ca ratio (r 〈 -0.9, P 〈 0.1). The results suggest that Scots pine may be more susceptible to Al than was expected based on previous experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340765
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Ultraviolet-B radiation ; Norway spruce ; Picea abies (L.) Karst. ; Photochemical activity ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were grown in greenhouses with two supplemental levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and vitality index were determined monthly. At the end of the experiment, growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates were measured. The data indicate that low temperature in winter affected light dependent processes in experimental plants including control, while the rise of ambient temperatures, moderate this effect. The synergistic effects of UV-B radiation and low temperatures could only be observed in the second winter period. Measurements of net photosynthetic activity in the second winter period showed significant differences between treated and untreated plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340768
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the impact of ozone on photosynthesis of European beech (Fergus sylvatica L.) in environmental chambers (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 268-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Beech ; Ozone ; Photosynthesis ; Closed chambers ; Critical Levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An exposure — response study with proportionalto-ambient ozone levels was conducted in closed chambers on 3-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) of montane origin. The fumigation started in April 1990 and lasted for a single growing season. Climate data and ozone concentrations monitored at an experimental station of the Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Schönenbuch, Switzerland were simulated in the exposure chambers 12 days later (1*O3). To test exposure-response relations three additional treatments were applied, subambient (0.2*O3) and two proportionally increased ozone treatments (1.5*O3 and 2*O3). The photosynthetic behaviour of the trees in August revealed the light reactions to be less affected than parameters which are related to the dark reactions of photosynthesis. Assimilation (A350), apparent carboxylation efficiency (CE), and maximum photosynthetic capacity (A2500) were reduced with increasing ozone concentration. For the ozone response of CE and A2500 ‘Critical Levels’ were calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185679
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N addition rates on the productivity ofPicea Sitchensis,Thuja plicata, andTsuga heterophylla seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Photosynthesis ; Picea sitchensis ; Thuja plicata ; Tsuga heterophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of differing, exponentially increasing rates of N addition (0.025, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 gN gN-1day-1) on photosynthesis, discrimination against13C and partitioning of foliar N to chlorophyll and major photosynthetic proteins were compared in seedlings of the evergreen conifersPicea sitchensis, Thuja plicata andTsuga heterophylla. T. heterophylla had the lowest range of foliar N concentrations (Nlm). Across species, photosynthetic rates (A) increased linearly with Nlm to a maximum at 21 mg g-1 and declined at higher Nlms. Species differences inA resulted from differences in Nlm, not from differences in photosynthetic N use efficiency. Self-shading may have causedA to decline at a high Nlm inP. sitchensis andT. plicata. Measurements of gas exchange and δ13C suggested that carboxylation capacity increased more than did stomatal conductance as Nlm increased. The responses were small and confined to Nlms associated with the lesser rates of N addition. Concentrations of total protein, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) and the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC) increased with Nlm, but the fraction of foliar N allocated to RUBISCO and LHC increased with Nlm only inP. sitchensis and only between the 0.025 and 0.05N regimes. The responsiveness ofA and concentrations of RUBISCO to Nlm were less than reported for deciduous C3 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340772
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium deficiency treatment causes reductions in photosynthesis of well-nourished Norway spruce (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Norway spruce ; Magnesium deficiency ; Photosynthesis ; Carboxylation efficiency ; Starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate effects of magnesium deficiency on Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] photosynthesis, 100 well-nourished 5-year-old spruce trees were grown in sand culture, individually supplied with circulating nutrient solutions. Mineral nutrients were added to the nutrient solutions in optimal quantities and optimal relations to nitrogen. Magnesium was supplied at 0.203, 0.041 and 0.005 mM in order to simulate optimal nutrition, moderate deficiency and severe deficiency. Parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll, magnesium and starch concentrations were determined in current-year and 1-year-old needles during one growing season. By mid May — 6 months after onset of the Mg deficiency treatments in late autumn — CO2-assimilation rates of 1-year-old needles were significantly decreased independent of the severity of the deficiency treatment, whereas the chlorophyll concentrations did not differ from the controls. The occurrence of yellowing symptoms during July did not further influence the Mg deficiency effect on photosynthesis. In contrast to 1-year-old needles, significant reductions of photosynthesis and chlorophyll in current-year needles were only caused by severely deficient Mg supply. Mg deficiency affected carboxylation efficiency but not light use efficiency. From the accumulation of starch in the needles, up to 30-fold of the controls, the conclusion has been drawn that reactions of CO2-fixation were affected by reduced carbohydrate export. The light-dependent pigment reduction, leading to the typical tipyellowing of needles, clearly reflects a secondary effect of Mg deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02340775
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