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  • Articles  (39)
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  • Springer  (39)
  • American Geophysical Union
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (39)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 47 (1996), S. 617-630 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Keywords: Elasticity ; composite material ; Green's function ; plane problem ; anisotropy ; point force ; dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Green's functions are derived for the in-plane deformation due to an in-plane point force and edge dislocation acting at a point in a plane of two joined semi-infinite anisotropic plates. The Lekhnitskii's complex potential approach is used, and a general expression of the solutions is obtained in closed-form. Including the case of an isotropic-anisotropic two-phase medium and the case of an isotropic-isotropic two-phase medium, the solutions are given for all possible combinations of materials with either s1 ≠ s2 or S1=s2, where si and s2 are the roots of the characteristic equation of the material.
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  • 2
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    Pure and applied geophysics 148 (1996), S. 637-683 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ray tracing ; kinematic inversion ; high-order perturbations ; sensitivity functions ; anisotropy ; cracks ; VSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive approach, based on the general nonlinear ray perturbation theory (Druzhinin, 1991), is proposed for both a fast and accurate uniform asymptotic solution of forward and inverse kinematic problems in anisotropic media. It has been developed to modify the standard ray linearization procedures when they become inconsistent, by providing a predictable truncation error of ray perturbation series. The theoretical background consists in a set of recurrent expressions for the perturbations of all orders for calculating approximately the body wave phase and group velocities, polarization, travel times, ray trajectories, paraxial rays and also the slowness vectors or reflected/transmitted waves in terms of elastic tensor perturbations. We assume that any elastic medium can be used as an unperturbed medium. A total 2-D numerical testing of these expressions has been established within the transverse isotropy to verify the accuracy and convergence of perturbation series when the elastic constants are perturbed. Seismological applications to determine crack-induced anisotropy parameters on VSP travel times for the different wave types in homogeneous and horizontally layered, transversally isotropic and orthorhombic structures are also presented. A number of numerical tests shows that this method is in general stable with respect to the choice of the reference model and the errors in the input data. A proof of uniqueness is provided by an interactive analysis of the sensitivity functions, which are also used for choosing optimum source/receiver locations. Finally, software has been developed for a desktop computer and applied to interpreting specific real VSP observations as well as explaining the results of physical modelling for a 3-D crack model with the estimation of crack parameters.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk ; 74.72.Jt ; 64.75.+g ; 77.22.Gm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-temperature (120–180 K) relaxational effects are observed in oxygen-deficient RBa2Cu3O6+x (R=Y, Tm, Lu) single crystals. Isothermal holding of the crystals after rapid cooling increases their resistance. The characteristic times and the activation energy of the relaxation process, E a ≈0.46 eV, are determined. The possible relation between the observed effects and the appearance of “electronic phase separation” is discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 84.37.+q ; 74.72.Yg ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.72.Hs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependences of the real part R s and the imaginary part X s of the surface impedance Z s =R s +iX s of the superconductor Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 (T c ≃30 K) are measured at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. Its temperature dependence Z s (T) and that of the complex conductivity σ s (T) can be described on the basis of a two-fluid model under two assumptions: The density of superconducting carriers increases linearly, and the relaxation time increases as a power law (∝1/T 5), with decreasing temperature T〈T c . This model also describes well the curves Z s (T) and σs (T) recently measured for YBa2Cu3O6.95 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.60.+r ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The response of YBaCuO Josephson junctions on a bicrystalline substrate to the action of microwave radiation is found to contain, besides the Josephson response, a contribution associated with the tunneling of quasiparticles through channels formed by localized states in the region of the Josephson junction. It is shown that this contribution is associated with an increase in the conduction through these channels under the action of the radiation on the junction.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 61.72.Hh ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.80.Bj ; 76.60.Lz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nuclear magnetic relaxation of 169Tm in TmBa2Cu3O6+x (x=0.1–1.0, Δ x=0.1) and TmBa2Cu4O8 is studied at temperatures below 5 K. In all the samples, the Tm spin-lattice relaxation proceeds via intrinsic paramagnetic centers (PCs) like Cu2+ or copper-oxygen spin-polarized clusters. The experimental data for TmBa2Cu3O6+x support the idea of the structural (chemical) micro-phase separation in oxygen-deficient 123 compounds. Apparently, the samples with x⩾0.4 contain hole-poor nonsuperconducting regions, enriched with PCs, and hole-rich (PC-poor) superconducting regions. The volume fraction f n of the PC-rich phase reaches a maximum value of 0.85 at x=0.4 and decreases monotonically with increasing x (f n=0.5, 0.3, and 0.25 at x=0.5, 0.6, and 0.7, respectively). The Tm spin-lattice relaxation in the underdoped TmBa2Cu4O8 compound indicates that this sample, in contrast to oxygen-deficient TmBa2Cu3O6+x , has a homogeneous composition. However, the Tm spin-spin relaxation measurements reveal two sorts of the Tm nuclear spins in Tm124, having different NMR spectra and different relaxation times T 2. The latter result is evidence of electronic phase separation in CuO2 phases.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4994
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; anisotropy ; one-photon excitation ; two-photon excitation ; anisotropy spectra ; horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase ; time-resolved fluorescence ; proteins ; tryptophan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We examined the steady-state and time-resolved emission of liver alcohol dehydrogenase resulting from one-photon and two-photon excitation. Previous studies with one-photon excitation revealed that the two nonidentical tryptophan residues display different emission spectra and decay times. The use of two-photon excitation resulted in similar emission spectra, multiexponential intensity decays, time-resolved emission spectra, and anisotropy decays as was observed for one-photon excitation. These results suggest that both nonidentical tryptophan residues are excited to a similar extent for one- and two-photon excitation. However, the limiting anisotropy (r 0) with two-photon excitation from 585 to 610 nm is below 0.1 and appears distinct from that observed previously forN-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk ; 72.15.−v ; 76.60.−k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The charge and spin dynamics in PrBa2Cu4O8 are investigated by means of transport and Cu NMR measurements. The magnetoresistance was found to be very small at high temperatures and increase rapidly with decreasing temperature below ∼100 K, which may be ascribed to the dimensional crossover from one to two dimensions in the charge transport in the CuO double chains. While the NMR signal from the chain Cu sites persists down to 4.2 K without any appreciable line broadening, the signal from the planar Ce sites disappears below ∼250 K indicating the long-range antiferromagnetic order of plane Cu moments. This is consistent with the view of metallic conduction along the quasi one-dimensional CuO chains.
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  • 9
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 359-364 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of charge states of all atoms in the unit cell of RBa2Cu3Ox; x=6,7 (R = Yb, Er, Ho, Y, Gd, Eu, Sm, Nd, Pr) is determined on the basis of comparison of the theoretical calculated electric field gradient tensor and existing experimental data. The variation of the charge states of the atoms as a function of the ionic radius is analyzed.
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  • 10
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 837-842 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72−h ; 74.72.Bk ; 87.64.Bx ; 74.25.Kc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have performed inelastic neutron scattering and total neutron scattering experiments on the under-doped superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6. We have found that the dynamical structure and the local structure concerned about the CuO2 plane has an anomalous temperature dependence at Tc (=57K) and well above Tc (TSG∼150K), which may be explained by a spin-gap opening.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60Jg ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.76.Bz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ films nucleate in c-axis oriented single-crystalline islands. The surface of the single-crystalline SrTiO3 substrates exhibit steps of one third of the YBa2Cu3O7−δ c-axis. These steps generate a mismatch in the island boundaries between the CuO2 superconducting blocks. We show that these defect regions are strong candidates for being the pinning centers responsible for the large critical currents observed in Laser Ablated and Sputtered thin films.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Bt ; 74.25.Fy ; 74.62.Dk ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the anisotropic electrical resistivity, the Hall Effect, and the specific heat anomaly at Tc of Ca-doped YBa2Cu3Ox single crystals of various Ca and O contents are presented. The transport properties are discussed in terms of charge and spin separated quasiparticles and confirm that by doping Ca onto Y sites the hole concentration, nh, can be extended beyond the value achieved with O-doping alone at x=7.0. The jump in the specific heat at Tc which increases monotonously with x up to x=7.0 in Ca-free crystals displays a maximum in highly oxygenated Ca-doped crystals. This maximum, however, is displaced from the Tc(nh) maximum to higher values of nh, consistent with the model of induced superconductivity in the CuO chains.
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  • 13
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 807-812 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk ; 74.25.Ke ; 63.20.Kr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Inelastic neutron experiments confirm the previously reported anomalous nature of the planar oxygen bond-stretching vibrations and furnish further details. It is shown that the frequency of the linear breathing mode is renormalized by 5 THz compared to insulating YBa2Cu3O6. Studies of the Cu1-apical O bond-stretching vibrations demonstrate that frequencies, line-widths and phonon intensities can well be understood within the framework of a harmonic lattice dynamical model. This rules out predictions of a double well potential and strong anharmonitity for this type of vibration.
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  • 14
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 831-836 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 61.85.+p ; 74.20.Mn ; 74.25.Kc ; 74.62. Bf ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Backscattering yields in the 〈001〉 axial channeling mode using D+ ions have been measured for YBa2Cu3O7−y single crystals with Tc=59K. 68K and 91K at temperatures between 40K and 295K. In 60 K-class YBa2Cu3O7−y with significant anomalies associated with the spin gap, it is found that the channeling anomalies are observed at 130–140 K(Tpa) in addition to anomalies at Tc. The channeling anomalies at Tc follow to the shift of Tc, suggesting the phonon anomalies induced by the superconducting-gap opening. On the other hand, Tpa is found to be almost unchanged for varying Tc, although Tpa appears near the temperature where the spin gap is opened. This leads a question whether the channeling anomalies at Tpa is directly related to the phonon anomalies induced by the spin-gap opening. The existence of lattice instability is suggested as one of possible explanations for the anomalies at Tpa.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 72.15.Lh ; 74.72.−h ; 72.15.Gd ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The “washboard frequency” ω of the moving vortex lattice in untwinned YBa2 Cu3 O6.93 may be observed through mode-locking to an externally applied ac current of frequency ωext. The interference between ω and ωext results in jumps in the dc current-voltage characteristics when ω and ωext are harmonically related1. The interference effect disappears in the vortex liquid state. The Hall conductivity σxy below Tc in YBCO contains contributions2 from a positive quasiparticle (qp) term (∼H) and a negative vortex term (∼1/H). The qp term is surprisingly large well below Tc and implies a large gap anisotropy and a long qp mean free path (mfp). The thermal Hall effect3 κxy is closely related to the qp σxy; κxy is produced by asymmetric scattering of qp by pinned vortices. The qp mfp at H = 0, extracted from σxy and extended to low T by κxy, increases remarkably from 90 Å at Tc to more than 0.5μm at 22 K.
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  • 16
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 377-382 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.20.Mn ; 25.40.Fq ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Key features of Inelastic neutron scattering experiments in YBCO-based cuprates are discussed. We underline the importance of precise oxygen content determination in samples having similar TC as well as the resolution configuration used. This may explain the apparent contradictory results recently obtained by different groups.
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  • 17
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 773-778 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 78.30.Hv ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.25.Gz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dense polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3O7−δ with a high degree of c-axis texture in the plane of the sample were prepared by magnetic alignment. The c-axis infrared reflectivity was measured between 300 and 6K on polished surfaces. Spectra compare well with measurements on single crystals indicating that magnetically aligned samples are a reliable alternative to single crystals for c-axis measurements.
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  • 18
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 483-488 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.20.De ; 74-50.+r ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.62.Bf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A macroscopic symmetry group describing the superconducting state of an orthorhombically twinned crystal of YBCO is introduced. This macroscopic symmetry group is different for different symmetries of twin boundaries. Josephson tunneling experiments performed on twinned crystals of YBCO determine this macroscopic symmetry group and hence determine the twin boundary symmetry (but do not experimentally determine whether the microscopic order parameter is primarily d- or s-wave). A consequence of the odd-symmetry twin boundaries in YBCO is the stability of 1/2 Φo vortices at the intersection of a twin boundary and certain grain boundaries.
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  • 19
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 681-686 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.40.+k ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we summarize some of our theoretical results for the paraconductivity and for the fluctuation-induced in-plane magnetoconductivity in the weak magnetic field limit of layered superconductors with several interlayer separations. Also, we briefly discuss the existing experimental data obtained in untwinned Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ crystals.
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  • 20
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 743-748 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk ; 74.25.Gz ; 74.62.Dh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Zn-substitution effects on the c-axis optical spectra have been investigated for highly oxygenated YBa2 Cu3Oy crystals with y = 6.88 – 6.92. In the normal state, the Zn-substitution does not affect the high frequency conductivity but changes the ω-dependence of the scattering rate at low frequencies, leading to the increase in the dc resistivity in the c-direction. In the superconducting state, we observed a pronounced effect of Zn-substitution that a large number of unpaired carriers form a Drude-like absorption band within the gap, keeping the maximum gap amplitude unchanged. The missing area which gives the superfluid density is found to correlate with Tc.
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  • 21
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 779-784 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Gz ; 74.72.Bk ; 78.30.Er ; 63.20.Kr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Performing optical reflectivity measurements with the electric field vector parallel to the c-axis of Zn-substituted, oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals, we find a strong Zn-substitution effect on the anomaly of the inplane oxygen bending mode at 320 cm−1 and the new absorption band at 450 cm−1, which are observed in underdoped, non-substituted crystals. Contrary to that, the low-frequency suppression of the conductivity is almost not affected. We conclude that the phonon anomaly and the absorption band are related to each other, but that the suppression of the conductivity is an independent phenomenon. Moreover, the present work could be strong evidence for a model where some phonons couple to antiferromagnetic fluctuations at the (π, π)-point leading to anomalous behaviour of these phonons when a spin gap opens.
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  • 22
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1099-1104 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Bt ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High resolution adiabatic specific heat experiments on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (0≤δ≤0.05) are performed in magnetic fields from 0 to 14 T (B∥c and B⊥c). In a 0.3 gram, twinned crystal with strong pinning, a step is consistently observed at the melting temperature Tm of the vortex solid up to a critical point that depends on δ. The field Bm and step temperature Tm obey the relation Bm=Bmo(δ)(1−Tm/Tc)≈4/3. The anisotropy of Bm and that of the upper critical field Bc2 are found to be equal. Alternatively, in a 18 mg, twinned crystal of high purity with low pinning, first-order-like specific heat peaks are observed on the melting line from 8 to 14 T. The entropy under these peaks is ≈0.5 kB /vortex/bilayer. These characteristic features are attributed to the melting of a vortex glass in the former case and that of a vortex lattice in the latter case.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 76.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interplane (cb) and intraplane (ab) anisotropy of untwinned YBa2 Cu307 single crystals has been investigated by means of the torque magnetometry. To extract the reversible and irreversible components, the torque was measured as a function of increasing angle as well as decreasing angle. The interplane irreversible torque Γirr shows two-fold peaks at θc =90 ° and270 ° (of half width11 ° at77 K) due to the well-known intrinsic interplane pinning. A novel intrinsic pinning has been discovered in the intraplane irreversible torque, i.e., Γirr shows four-fold peaks of half width20° at77 K when θa =0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and270 °. We argue that the intrinsic intraplane pinning comes from the four-fold nature of the gap parameter.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Real part of the ac susceptibility X′1 of an untwinned YBa2 Cu3O7 single crystal jumps at the onset temperature in the narrow width (0.1 K in 0.7 T), suggesting the first-order melting transition. A sharp X′1 dip and a sharp X″ peak can be interpreted as synchronous trapping of vortices due to lattice softening prior to melting. At lower temperatures, the X′1-X″1 chart shows a single-parameter behavior while the melting occurs as a strong deviation from this.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.40.+k ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pinning by point-like defects and twin boundaries in single-crystalline YBa2Cu3O7−δ has been investigated by measuring resistance and current-voltage characteristics in fields up to 5 T. A number of untwinned and twinned samples with different densities of point-like defects were studied. The experimental results are compared within the framework of vortex-entanglement.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 73.50.Jt ; 73.5O.Pz ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.76.Bz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on in-situ resistivity and Hall-effect studies of partially oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3Ox thin films during white light illumination. The measurements were performed at various temperatures between the superconducting transition and room temperature. At all temperatures the resistivity and the Hall coefficient decreased as a function of the illumination time. The Hall number pH and the Hall mobility μH, calculated within a simple one-band model, showed an increase of pH during the illumination without a saturation. At low temperatures, μH behaved similarly to pH. At 200 K, however, μH became constant after several hours of illumination, while at 260 K and 290 K, we observed a short increase of μH followed by a long-term decrease. From the different time dependences of μH and pH, we conclude that two mechanisms contribute to the photodoping effect. Additionally, we observed that after termination of the illumination at 290 K the photodoped values of pH and μH relaxed with substantially different time constants.
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  • 27
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1129-1134 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 71.20.−b ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) measurements have been carried out on the high Tc superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). Using very high quality single crystals as well as hard tips, we obtained differential conductance spectra which showed various conductance features in agreement with other spectroscopic techniques. The reproducibility of our spectra allowed us to map for the first time the vortex lattice on a HTS using a STS technique1. The vortices are arranged in a short range order oblique lattice, while the cores of the flux lines show an anisotropic shape. These observations can be related to the in-plane anisotropy of YBCO.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.40.+k ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetotransport measurements on a clean, untwinned YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal show that the vortex dynamics at temperatures just below the vortex lattice melting transition are highly dependent on the type of modulation of the probing current. While in the case of DC current the flux flow is disordered, the “shaking” of the vortex lattice by a square-wave current leads to a more uniform vortex motion. A small asymmetry (∼10%) in the durations of the positive and negative parts of the square-wave period induces periodical oscillations of the voltage response amplitude. The period of oscillations (∼100 s) is the same order of magnitude as the time needed for vortices to cross the sample (transit time). We relate the observed voltage oscillations to a periodically ordered vortex motion.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.76.Bz ; 85.25.Cp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the field-modulated critical currents of cuprate thin film microbridges on tricrystal substrates are reported. Two central peaks of equal height are observed in the field-dependent critical currents of YBCO tricrystal microbridges. However, the critical current is nonvanishing at zero field for YBCO, consistent with an orthorhombically distorted d-wave order parameter. An ion-irradiated YBCO tricrystal microbridge has also been measured, and has been found to exhibit more ideal dx2−y2-like behavior with increasing irradiation dosage.
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  • 30
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1421-1426 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.Bk ; 74.60.Jg ; 74.80.Bj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of a long superconducting Y123 filaments is developed by using solution spinning for the precursor of the oxide. Long precursor filaments are prepared by dry spinning with a starting homogeneous aqueous PVA solution containing Y, Ba and Cu acetates. The as-drawn filament with 250 μm in diameter and 300 mm in length is pyrolyzed and partial-melted by using a tube furnace with a constant heating zone of 500 mm. A superconducting filament of 60 μm in diameter and 200 mm in length with high Jc of more than 104A/cm2 at 77 K and 0 T is obtained by controlling the partial melting.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: High-T c superconductivity ; Pb2Sr2Ho0.5Ca0.5Cu3O8 ; single crystal ; upper critical magnetic field ; anisotropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Anisotropie properties of the single crystal Pb2Sr2Ho0.5Ca0.5Cu3O8 have been investigated by measuring the electrical resistivity in theab-planeρ ab (H, θ,T), which depends on the angleθ between theab-plane and the magnetic-field direction, in various constant fieldsH perpendicular to the current direction. All the angle-dependent values ofρ ab (H, θ,T) at a constant temperature are scaled to be on one curve as a function of reduced field. The anisotropic parameter γ≡(m c * /m ab * )1/2 is estimated as 12–13, which is larger than that of YBa2Cu3O7 and much smaller than that of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. It has been concluded that the anisotropy does not always depend on the thickness of the blocking layer but seems to depend on the overlap of the electronic wave functions along thec-axis. Anisotropy in the pinning potential has also been discussed from the resistive tail in the temperature dependence ofρ ab (H,θ,T).
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: High-temperature superconductors ; single crystal ; anisotropy ; resistivity ; thermoelectric power ; narrow-band model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The anisotropy of the resistivity and thermoelectric power (TEP)S of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−δ single crystal (T c =17 K) has been investigated. In the temperature rangeT c 〈T〈300 K the ratioρ c/ρab≈104 and the dependencesρ ab (T) andρ c (T) change from quadratic to linear atT∼200 K. The dependencesS ab (T) andS c (T) reach a maximum atT〉T c and then decrease almost linearly with increasing temperature, changing sign from positive to negative nearT∼ 150 K. The features of the resistivity and TEP temperature dependences (the lawρ∝T 2 changing toρ∝T, the change in the sign of S with temperature, and the low TEP anisotropy at largeρ anisotropy) have been interpreted in the framework of the narrow-band model.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Kondo model ; anisotropy ; Fermi-liquid to non-Fermi-liquid behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the behavior of the two-channel Kondo model with channel anisotropic exchange couplings by using our recent solution of the model. This solution provides an analytic description of the interesting cross-over from a high-temperature regime, dominated by the non-Fermi-liquid behavior of the isotropic two-channel Kondo model, to a low-temperature regime characterized by the standard Fermi-liquid behavior of the single-channel Kondo model.
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  • 34
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    Journal of superconductivity 9 (1996), S. 481-484 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: YBa2Cu3O7 −δ ; single crystal ; resistivity ; anisotropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the in-plane longitudinal resistivitiesρ a andρ b as functions of temperature and magnetic field. The measurements were all made on the same detwinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7 −δ (YBCO). DefiningT c to be at the onset of resistance, it is the same forρ a andρ b in a magnetic field ranging from 0 to 3.5 T. In zero field,T c = 93.4 K, so the oxygen doping of the crystal was approximately optimal. In the mixed state, the anisotropy ratio of the resistivities (ρ a/ρb) decreases with decreasingT orH, and the chain conductivity (σ b-σa) is smaller than the plane conductivity (σ a). Bothσ a andσ b increase with decreasing temperature, and so does (σ b-σa).
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  • 35
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    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 1113-1124 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: anisotropy ; forced Rayleigh scattering method ; polymer melt ; thermal diffusivity ; transient behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Molecular orientation of polymer molecules created by shear force due to the flow of the polymer melt in a duct rapidly relaxes after the change in the shear rate. This relaxation causes the changes in anisotropic behavior of mechanical. thermal, and optical properties which have strong effect in precision forming of casted polymer products. Among these properties, thermal diffusivity is one of the most difficult properties to measure by the conventional techniques. The present paper describes and discusses the subsecond measurement of relaxation characteristics in thermal dilfusivity anisotropy of flowing polymer melt in conjunction with measurements of some typical flow characteristics. The method used was the forced Rayleigh scattering method, an optical method which was developed and modified by the authors' group for applying to oriented polymer materials. The measuring lime of I ms can trace the relaxation occurred in the order of several seconds. Measured results of thermal diffusivity anisotropy were compared with transient characteristics of the now and quantitatively showed a good agreement with estimated behavior of oriented polymer molecules.
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  • 36
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    Applied mathematics and mechanics 17 (1996), S. 1067-1074 
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: quasi-flow corner theory ; modulus reduced function ; shear band ; anisotropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A quasi-flow corner theory on large plastic deformation of ductile metals is proposed in this paper. From orthogonal rule of plastic flow, the theory introduces a “modulus reduced function” and a corner effect of yield surface into the constitutive model of elastic-plastic large deformation. Thereby, the smooth and continuous transitions from orthogonal constitutive model to non-orthogonal one, and from plastic loading to elastic unloading are realized. In addition, the theory makes it possible to connect general anisotropic yield functions with corner hardening effect. The comparison between numerical simulation and experimental observation for the uniaxial tensile instability and shear band deformation of anisotropic sheet metals shows the validity of the present quasi-flow corner theory.
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  • 37
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    Interface science 3 (1996), S. 241-267 
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: grain boundary segregation ; grain boundary cohesion ; fracture ; kinetics ; equilibrium ; anisotropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This feature article summarizes the present art and science of grain boundary segregation from the viewpoint of the authors activities in this field. In the part on equilibrium segregation, fundamental effects on grain boundary segregation are discussed such as the nature of the solute/matrix binary system, presence of additional elements, temperature, grain boundary orientation and type of interface. In addition, the predictive capabilities of grain boundary segregation diagrams are outlined. The present models of segregation kinetics are reviewed and discussed in connection with recent experiments. The last part of the paper is focussed on the most important consequences of grain boundary segregation, i.e., grain boundary cohesion and fracture.
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  • 38
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    Journal of elasticity 43 (1996), S. 203-225 
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Keywords: elasticity ; hyperelasticity ; symmetry ; groups ; Kronecker ; isotropy ; anisotropy ; classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A thorough investigation is made of the independent point-group symmetries and canonical matrix forms that the 2D elastic and hyperelastic tensors can have. Particular attention is paid to the concepts relevant to the proper definition of the independence of a symmetry from another one. It is shown that the numbers of all independent symmetries for the 2D elastic and hyperelastic tensors are six and four, respectively. In passing, a symmetry result useful for the homogenization theory of 2D linear elastic heterogeneous media is derived.
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  • 39
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    Journal of elasticity 45 (1996), S. 13-32 
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Keywords: 15A90 ; 70G05 ; 73B02 ; 73B10 ; elastic constitutive equations ; anisotropy ; minimal representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of determining minimal representations for anisotropic elastic constitutive equations is proposed and investigated. For elastic constitutive equations in any given case of anisotropy, it is shown that there exist generating sets consisting of six generators and such generating sets are minimal in all possible generating sets. This fact implies that most of the established results for representations of elastic constitutive equations are not minimal and remain to be sharpened. For elastic constitutive equations in some cases of anisotropy, including orthotropy, transverse isotropy, the trigonal crystal class S 6, and the classes C 2mh , m=1, 2, 3,..., etc., representations in terms of minimal generating sets are presented for the first time.
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