ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The objective of this book is to introduce the practitioner as well as the more theoretically interested reader into the integration problem of spatial information for Geo-lnformation Syslems. Former Get-Information Systems are restricted to 2D space. They realize the integration of spatial information by a conversion of vector and raster representations. This, however. leads to conceptual difficulties because of the two totally different paradigms. Furthermore, the internal topology of the get-objects is not considered. In recent years the processing of 3D information has played a growing role in Get-Information Systems. For example, planning processes for environmental protection or city planning are dependent on 3D data. The integration of spatial reformation will become even more impoaant in the 3D context and with the development of a new generation of open GISs. This book is intended to respond to some of these requirements. It presents a model for the integration of spatial information for 3D Geo-lnformation Systems (3D-GISs). As a precondition for the integration of spatial information, the integration of different spatial representations is emphasized. The model is based on a three-level notion of space that likewise includes the geometry, metrics and the topology of get-objects. The so called extended complex (e-complex) is introduced as a kernel of the model. Its internal basic geometries are the point, the line, the triangle and the tetrahedron. It is shown how a convex e-complex (ce-complex) is generated by the construction of the convex hull and the "'filling" of lines, triangles and tetrahedra, respectively. As we know from computer geometry, this results in substantially simpler geometric algorithms. Additionally, the algorithms gain by the explicit utilization of the topology of the ce-complex. This book also builds a bridge from the GIS to the object-oriented database technology, which will likely become a key technology for the development of a new generation of open Geo-lnformation Systems. In the so-called GEtmodel kernel "building blocks" are introduced that s~mplify the development of software architectures for geo-applications. A geological application in the Lower Rhine Basin shows the practical use of the introduced geometric and topological representation for a 3D-GIS...

Description / Table of Contents: The many kinds of porous geomaterials (rocks, soils, concrete, etc.) exhibit a range of responses when undergoing inelastic deformation. In doing so they commonly develop well-ordered fabric elements, forming fractures, shear bands and compaction bands, so creating the planar fabrics that are regarded as localization. Because these induced localization fabrics alter the bulk material properties (such as permeability, acoustic characteristics and strength), it is important to understand how and why localization occurs, and how it relates to its setting. The concept of damage (in several uses) describes both the precursor to localization and the context within which it occurs. A key theme is that geomaterials display a strong material evolution during deformation, revealing a close linkage between the damage and localization processes. This volume assembles perspectives from a number of disciplines, including soil mechanics, rock mechanics, structural geology, seismic anisotropy and reservoir engineering. The papers range from theoretical to observational, and include contributions showing how the deformed geomaterials emergent bulk characteristics, like permeability and seismic anisotropy, can be predicted. This book will be of interest to a wide range of geoscientists and engineers who deal with characterization of deformed materials.

Description / Table of Contents: Restraining and releasing bends are common, but enigmatic features of strike-slip fault systems occurring in all crustal environments and at regional to microscopic scales of observation. Regional-scale restraining bends are sites of mountain building, transpressional deformation and basement exhumation, whereas releasing bends are sites of topographic subsidence, transtensional deformation, basin sedimentation and possible volcanism and economic mineralization. Because restraining and releasing bends often occur as singular self-contained domains of complex deformation, they are appealing natural laboratories for Earth scientists to study fault processes, earthquake seismology, active faulting and sedimentation, fault and fluid-flow relationships, links between tectonics and topography, tectonic and erosional controls on exhumation, and tectonic geomorphology. This volume addresses the tectonic complexity and diversity of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends with 18 contributions divided into four thematic sections: (1) a topical review of fault bends and their global distribution; (2) bends, sedimentary basins and earthquake hazards; (3) restraining bends, transpressional deformation and basement controls on development; (4) releasing bends, transtensional deformation and fluid flow.

Description / Table of Contents: In the last four centuries geologists have traversed the globe, searching for economically important materials or simply to satisfy their intellectual curiosity. Geologists have often been at the vanguard of scientific exploration. The microscopist Robert Hooke explored the Isle of Wight, and Charles Darwin the Cape Verde islands and parts of South America. The volcanic wonders of Italy and central France attracted native and foreign visitors including Lyell and Murchison. The Tyrrell brothers faced great hardship in northern Canada, as did the actor and mineralogist Charles Lewis Giesecke in Greenland. The development of Sydney, Australia depended on finding limestone for building. French geologists relied on camels in the Sahara, and Grenville Cole trusted his tricycle to carry him across Europe. Four Centuries of Geological Travel: The Search for Knowledge on Foot, Bicycle, Sledge and Camel focuses on the complexities of geological exploration and will be of particular interest to Earth scientists, historians of science and to the general reader interested in science.

Description / Table of Contents: The study of reservoir and repository performance requires the integration of many different fields in Earth sciences, among them rock physics and geomechanics. The aim of this book is to emphasize how rock physics and geomechanics help to get a better insight into important issues linked to reservoir management for exploitation of natural resources, and to repository safety assessment for hazardous waste storage in geological environment. The studies presented here deal with the hydromechanical coupling in fractured rocks, the key experiments in safety assessment of repositories, the development of damaged zones during excavation in a shaley formation, the influence of temperature on the properties of shales, the poroelastic response of sandstones, the development and propagation of compaction bands in reservoir rocks, imaging techniques of geomaterials, the characterization and modelling of reservoirs using 4D seismic data, the mechanical behaviour of fractured rock masses, the petrophysical properties of fault zones, models for rock deformation by pressure solution and the elastic anisotropy in cracked rocks.

Description / Table of Contents: World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious implications for the environment. One result is that CO2 emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are rising. This new study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on one side affect the other. To optimise the efficiency of their energy policy, OECD countries must consider energy security and climate change mitigation priorities jointly. The book presents a framework to assess interactions between energy security and climate change policies, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on the development of energy security indicators, tracking the evolution of policy concerns linked to energy resource concentration. The “indicators” are applied to a reference scenario and CO2 policy cases for five case-study countries: The Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Simultaneously resolving energy security and environmental concerns is a key challenge for policy makers today. This study helps chart the course.

Description / Table of Contents: Our climate is changing. This is certain. Less certain, however, is the timing and magnitude of climate change, and the cost of transition to a low-carbon world. Therefore, many policies and programmes are still at a formative stage, and policy uncertainty is very high. This book identifies how climate change policy uncertainty may affect investment behaviour in the power sector. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. Our analysis results show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40% of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10% of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk tells what can be done in policy design to reduce these costs. Incorporating the results of quantitative analysis, this publication also shows the sensitivity of different power sector investment decisions to different risks. It compares the effects of climate policy uncertainty with energy market uncertainty, showing the relative importance of these sources of risk for different technologies in different market types. Drawing on extensive consultation with power companies and financial investors, it also assesses the implications for policy makers, allowing the key messages to be transferred into policy designs. This book is a useful tool for governments to improve climate policy mechanisms and create more certainty for power investors.

Description / Table of Contents: The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic brings together two of the most important developments in 20th century non-classical logic. These are many-valuedness and non-monotonicity. On the one approach, in deference to vagueness, temporal or quantum indeterminacy or reference-failure, sentences that are classically non-bivalent are allowed as inputs and outputs to consequence relations. Many-valued, dialetheic, fuzzy and quantum logics are, among other things, principled attempts to regulate the flow-through of sentences that are neither true nor false. On the second, or non-monotonic, approach, constraints are placed on inputs (and sometimes on outputs) of a classical consequence relation, with a view to producing a notion of consequence that serves in a more realistic way the requirements of real-life inference. Many-valued logics produce an interesting problem. Non-bivalent inputs produce classically valid consequence statements, for any choice of outputs. A major task of many-valued logics of all stripes is to fashion an appropriately non-classical relation of consequence. The chief preoccupation of non-monotonic (and default) logicians is how to constrain inputs and outputs of the consequence relation. In what is called ?left non-monotonicity?, it is forbidden to add new sentences to the inputs of true consequence-statements. The restriction takes notice of the fact that new information will sometimes override an antecedently (and reasonably) derived consequence. In what is called ?right non-monotonicity?, limitations are imposed on outputs of the consequence relation. Most notably, perhaps, is the requirement that the rule of or-introduction not be given free sway on outputs. Also prominent is the effort of paraconsistent logicians, both preservationist and dialetheic, to limit the outputs of inconsistent inputs, which in classical contexts are wholly unconstrained. In some instances, our two themes coincide. Dialetheic logics are a case in point. Dialetheic logics allow certain selected sentences to have, as a third truth value, the classical values of truth and falsity together. So such logics also admit classically inconsistent inputs. A central task is to construct a right non-monotonic consequence relation that allows for these many-valued, and inconsistent, inputs. The Many Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic is an indispensable research tool for anyone interested in the development of logic, including researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic, history of logic, mathematics, history of mathematics, computer science, AI, linguistics, cognitive science, argumentation theory, and the history of ideas. Contents: Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1. Many-valued Logic (Grzegorz Malinowski) Chapter 2. Paraconsistent Logic: Preservationist Variations (Bryson Brown) Chapter 3. Paraconsistent Logic: Dialethic Variations (Graham Priest) Chapter 4. Quantum Logic (M. Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini and Miklos Redei) Chapter 5. Logic of Vagueness (Dominic Hyde) Chapter 6. Fuzzy Logic (Didier Dubois, Henri Prade and Lluis Godo) Chapter 7. Non-monotonic Logic (Karl Schlechta) Chapter 8. Default Logic (Grigoris Antoniou and Kewen Wang) Chapter 9. Non-monotonic Reasoning and Belief Change (Alexander Bochman) Chapter 10. Free Logic (Carl Posy) Index

Description / Table of Contents: This report assesses the implications of climate change on winter tourism and natural hazards management in the European Alps, with a particular focus on how these activities can adapt to climate change. The report presents the first systematic cross-country analysis of the effects of climate change on snow-reliability in the European Alps. It also examines the implications of climate change for a range of natural hazards prevalent in the Alps, with a particular focus on frameworks and financial mechanisms to manage natural hazards in three countries: France, Switzerland and Austria. Technological and behavioural adaptation measures, together with institutional structures and risk transfer mechanisms, are also reviewed.

Description / Table of Contents: World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.

Description / Table of Contents: Vorwort Gut 80% aller Online-Kunden haben ihren Einkauf schon einmal wegen fehlender Funktionalität oder mangelnder Benutzerfreundlichkeit des Shops abgebrochen. Und: Fast die Hälfte aller Online-Shops in Deutschland basiert auf Open-Source-Lösungen.1 Damit ist die Motivation zu diesem Buch auch schon deutlich umrissen: TYPO3 ist als Content Management System international etabliert, und zwar im Bereich privater Webseiten ebenso wie bei konzernweiten Internetlösungen – Grund genug also, den wichtigen Bereich des Online-Shoppings für dieses System erstmals in Buchform unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Dieses Buch wendet sich somit an all jene, die einen Webshop auf TYPO3- Basis aufsetzen und betreiben möchten. Eine vorhandene TYPO3-Installation – sei es auch auf der Grundlage eines statischen Standard-Templates – ist hierfür Voraussetzung, denn es geht nicht um eine Einführung in TYPO3 selbst. Es genügt jedoch solides TYPO3-Grundlagenwissen, um Ihren Internetauftritt um einen Webshop zu erweitern. Auch HTML- und CSS Kenntnisse sollten Sie mitbringen, um die notwendigen Anpassungen an das jeweilige Layout vornehmen zu können. Zudem verlangen Installation und Konfiguration des Shops Administratorrechte; ein Redakteur-Account reicht dazu nicht aus.

Description / Table of Contents: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides concise, critical review articles of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications. Table of contents: Foreword.- Preface.- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the South American Environment.- Silver as a Disinfectant.- Impact of Soil Properties on Critical Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Mercury in Soil and Soil Solution in View of Ecotoxicological Effects.- Critical Soil Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in View of Health Effects on Humans and Animals.- Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in the Environment.- Explosives: Fate, Dynamics, and Ecological Impact in Terrestrial and Marine Environments.- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: The idea for this book was conceived in early June, 2005 at a paleoaltimetry workshop held at Lehigh University, Lehigh, Pennsyalvania and organized by Dork Sahagian. The workshop was funded by the tectonics program at NSF, and was designed to bring together researchers in paleoaltimetry to discuss different techniques and focus the community on ways of improving paleoelevation estimates and consequent interpretations of geodynamics and tectonics. At this meeting, some commented that a comprehensive volume describing the different methods could help advance the field. I offered to contact the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society about publishing a RiMG volume on paleoaltimetry. Because many of the techniques used to infer paleoelevations are geochemically-based or deal with thermodynamic principles, the GS and MSA agreed to the project. Two years and roughly 1000 e-mails later, our book has arrived. The book is organized into 4 sections: (1) Geodynamic and geomorphologic rationale (Clark). This chapter provides the broad rationale behind paleoaltimetry, i.e., why we study it. (2) Stable isotope proxies. These 4 chapters cover theory of stable isotopes in precipitation and their response to altitudinal gradients (Rowley), and stable isotopes sytematics in paleosols (Quade, Garzione and Eiler), silicates (Mulch and Chamberlain) and fossils (Kohn and Dettman). (3) Proxies of atmospheric properties. These 4 chapters cover temperature lapse rates (Meyer), entropy (Forest), and atmospheric pressure proxies, including total atmospheric pressure from gas bubbles in basalt (Sahagian and Proussevitch), and the partial pressure of CO2 (Kouwenberg, Kürshner, and McElwain). Note that clumped isotope thermometry (Quade, Garzione and Eiler) also provides direct estimates of temperature. (4) Radiogenic and cosmogenic nuclides. These 2 chapters cover low-temperature thermochronologic approaches (Reiners) and cosmogenic isotopes (Riihimaki and Libarkin). Some chapters overlap in general content (e.g., basic principles of stable isotopes in precipitation are covered to different degrees in all stable isotope chapters), but no attempt was made to limit authors' discussion of principles, or somehow attempt to arrive at a "consensus view" on any specific topic. Because science advances by critical discussion of concepts, such restrictions were viewed as counterproductive. This does mean that different chapters may present different views on reliability of paleoelevation estimates, and readers are advised to read other chapters in the book on related topics – they may be more closely linked than they might at first appear! I hope readers of this book will discover and appreciate the synergy among paleoaltimetry, climate change, and tectonic geomorphology. These interrelationships create a complex, yet rich field of scientific enquiry that in turn offers insights into climate and geodynamics.

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Christophe Sempéré, Brian P. West, and Louis Géli: The Southeast Indian Ridge between 127° and 132°40′E: contrasts in segmentation characteristics and implications for crustal accretion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.01 --- Philippe Blondel: Segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Azores, based on acoustic classification of TOBI data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.02 --- Eddie McAllister and Johnson R. Cann: Initiation and evolution of boundary-wall faults along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25–29°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:29-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.03 --- Simon Allerton, Roger C. Searle, and Bramley J. Murton: Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24°00′N to 24°40′N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:49-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.04 --- Kate Lawson, Roger C. Searle, Julian A. Pearce, Paul Browning, and Pamela Kempton: Detailed volcanic geology of the MARNOK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Kane transform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:61-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.05 --- Rodey Batiza: Magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:103-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.06 --- C. J. Robinson, R. S. White, M. J. Bickle, and T. A. Minshull: Restricted melting under the very slow-spreading Southwest Indian ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:131-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.07 --- Stephen J. Edwards, Trevor J. Falloon, John Malpas, and Rolf B. Pedersen: A review of the petrology of harzburgites at Hess Deep and Garrett Deep: implications for mantle processes beneath segments of the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.08 --- Rachel M. Haymon: The response of ridge-crest hydrothermal systems to segmented, episodic magma supply / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:157-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.09 --- C. R. German, L. M. Parson, B. J. Murton, and H. D. Needham: Hydrothermal activity and ridge segmentation on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a tale of two hot-spots? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:169-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.10 --- C. J. MacLeod and C. E. Manning: Influence of axial segmentation on hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges: insights from Hess Deep / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:185-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.11 --- V. V. Zaykov, V. V. Maslennikov, E. V. Zaykova, and R. J. Herrington: Hydrothermal activity and segmentation in the Magnitogorsk-West Mugodjarian zone on the margins of the Urals palaeo-ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:199-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.12 --- Eve C. Southward, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael B. Black, David R. Dixon, and Linda R.J. Dixon: Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.13 --- Verena Tunnicliffe, C. Mary R. Fowler, and Andrew G. Mcarthur: Plate tectonic history and hot vent biogeography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.14 --- E. G. Nisbet and C. M. R. Fowler: The hydrothermal imprint on life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis begin around hydrothermal vents? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Geology of Siliciclastic Shelves --- O. Michelsen and M. Danielsen: Sequence and systems tract interpretation of the epicontinental Oligocene deposits in the Danish North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.01 --- P. B. Konradi: Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the post-mid-Miocene in the Danish Central Trough, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:15-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.02 --- P. Jacobs and M. De Batist: Sequence stratigraphy and architecture on a ramp-type continental shelf: the Belgian Palaeogene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:23-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.03 --- D. Mellere and R. J. Steel: Tidal sedimentation in Inner Hebrides half grabens, Scotland: the Mid-Jurassic Bearreraig Sandstone Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:49-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.04 --- L. A. Spalletti: Estuarine and shallow-marine sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary west-central Patagonian Basin (Argentina) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:81-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.05 --- Modern siliciclastic Shelves: Architecture, Sea Level, Tectonics and Sediment Supply --- J. B. Anderson, K. Abdulah, S. Sarzalejo, F. Siringan, and M. A. Thomas: Late Quaternary sedimentation and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the east Texas shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.06 --- G. Ercilla and B. Alonso: Quaternary siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy of western Mediterranean passive and tectonically active margins: the role of global versus local controlling factors / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:125-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.07 --- F. J. Hernández-Molina, L. Somoza, and J. Rey: Late Pleistocene-Holocene high-resolution sequence analysis on the Alboran Sea continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:139-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.08 --- A. Correggiari, M. E. Field, and F. Trincardi: Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:155-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.09 --- P. J. Bart and J. B. Anderson: Seismic expression of depositional sequences associated with expansion and contraction of ice sheets on the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:171-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.10 --- H. P. Sejrup, E. L. King, I. Aarseth, H. Haflidason, and A. Elverhøi: Quaternary erosion and depositional processes: western Norwegian fjords, Norwegian Channel and North Sea Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.11 --- G. Lericolais, P. Guennoc, J.-P. Auffret, J.-F. Bourillet, and S. Berne: Detailed survey of the western end of the Hurd Deep (English Channel): new facts for a tectonic origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:203-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.12 --- Nearshore and Coastal Environments --- J. M. L. Dominguez: The São Francisco strandplain: a paradigm for wave-dominated deltas? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:217-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.13 --- J. V. Barrie and K. W. Conway: Evolution of a nearshore and coastal macrotidal sand transport system, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:233-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.14 --- W. J. Cleary, S. R. Riggs, D. C. Marcy, and S. W. Snyder: The influence of inherited geological framework upon a hardbottom-dominated shoreface on a high-energy shelf: Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:249-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.15 --- V. Eitner, R. Kaiser, H. D. Niemeyer, and V. Eitner: Nearshore sediment transport processes due to moderate hydrodynamic conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:267-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.16 --- New Techniques in Continental Shelf Research --- R. J. De Meijer, I. C. Tánczos, and C. Stapel: Radiometry as a technique for use in coastal research / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:289-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.17 --- T. Missiaen, T. M. McGee, D. Pearks, G. Ollier, and F. Theilen: An interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of physical parameters of shallow marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:299-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.18 --- A. M. Davis: Geophysics in offshore site investigation: a review of the state of the art / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:323-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: R. W. O’B. Knox: Correlation of the early Paleogene in northwest Europe: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.01 --- Regional Studies: Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Volcanism --- J. E. Neal: A summary of Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in northwest Europe and the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:15-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.02 --- P. A. Nadin and N. J. Kusznir: Forward and reverse stratigraphic modelling of Cretaceous-Tertiary post-rift subsidence and Paleogene uplift in the Outer Moray Firth Basin, central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:43-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.03 --- J. D. Ritchie and K. Hitchen: Early Paleogene offshore igneous activity to the northwest of the UK and its relationship to the North Atlantic Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:63-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.04 --- Aidan M. Joy: Controls on Eocene sedimentation in the central North Sea Basin: results of a basinwide correlation study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:79-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.05 --- David C. Mudge and Jonathan P. Bujak: An integrated stratigraphy for the Paleocene and Eocene of the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:91-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.06 --- J. E. Thomas: The occurrence of the dinoflagellate cyst Apectodinium (Costa & Downie 1976) Lentin & Williams 1977 in the Moray and Montrose Groups (Danian to Thanetian) of the UK central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:115-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.07 --- Susan E. Wood and Richard V. Tyson: An integrated palynological-palynofacies approach to the zonation of the Paleogene in the Forties-Montrose Ridge area, central North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:121-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.08 --- Jason R. Ali and David W. Jolley: Chronostratigraphic framework for the Thanetian and lower Ypresian deposits of southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:129-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.09 --- A. J. Powell, H. Brinkhuis, and J. P. Bujak: Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene dinoflagellate cyst sequence biostratigraphy of southeast England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:145-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.10 --- Richard A. Ellison, Jason R. Ali, Nicolette M. Hine, and David W. Jolley: Recognition of Chron C25n in the upper Paleocene Upnor Formation of the London Basin, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:185-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.11 --- J. R. Ali, E. A. Hailwood, and C. King: The ‘Oldhaven magnetozone’ in East Anglia: a revised interpretation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:195-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.12 --- J. J. Hooker: Mammalian biostratigraphy across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Paris, London and Belgian basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:205-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.13 --- David W. Jolley: The earliest Eocene sediments of eastern England: an ultra-high resolution palynological correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:219-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.14 --- Alexander G. Mitlehner: Palaeoenvironments in the North Sea Basin around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: evidence from diatoms and other siliceous microfossils / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:255-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.15 --- B. Schmitz, C. Heilmann-Clausen, C. King, E. Steurbaut, F. P. Andreasson, R. M. Corfield, and J. E. Cartlidge: Stable isotope and biotic evolution in the North Sea during the early Eocene: the Albæk Hoved section, Denmark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:275-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.16 --- Global Perspective: Geochronology and the Oceanic Record --- W. A. Berggren and M.-P. Aubry: A late Paleocene-early Eocene NW European and North Sea magnetobiochronological correlation network / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:309-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.17 --- Marie-Pierre Aubry, William A. Berggren, Lowell Stott, and Ashish Sinha: The upper Paleocene-lower Eocene stratigraphic record and the Paleocene-Eocene boundary carbon isotope excursion: implications for geochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:353-380, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.18 --- Lowell D. Stott, Ashish Sinha, Medard Thiry, Marie-Pierre Aubry, and William A. Berggren: Global δ13C changes across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: criteria for terrestrial-marine correlations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:381-399, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.19 --- E. Thomas and N. J. Shackleton: The Paleocene-Eocene benthic foraminiferal extinction and stable isotope anomalies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:401-441, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.20 --- Richard M. Corfield and Richard D. Norris: Deep water circulation in the Paleocene Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:443-456, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.21 --- Stella D. Charisi and Birger Schmitz: Early Eocene palaeoceanography and palaeoclimatology of the eastern North Atlantic: stable isotope results for DSDP Hole 550 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 101:457-472, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.101.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: General --- David J. Bottjer, Jennifer K. Schubert, and Mary L. Droser: Comparative evolutionary palaeoecology: assessing the changing ecology of the past / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.01 --- Erle G. Kauffman and Peter J. Harries: The importance of crisis progenitors in recovery from mass extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:15-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.02 --- Peter J. Harries, Erle G. Kauffman, and Thor A. Hansen: Models for biotic survival following mass extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:41-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.03 --- Valentin A. Krassilov: Recovery as a function of community structure / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:61-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.04 --- E. A. Jarzembowski and A. J. Ross: Insect origination and extinction in the Phanerozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:65-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.05 --- Palaeozoic --- Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev: Reef ecosytem recovery after the Early Cambrian extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.06 --- F. M. Swain: Ostracode speciation following Middle Ordovician extinction events, north central United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:97-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.07 --- H. A. Armstrong: Biotic recovery after mass extinction: the role of climate and ocean-state in the post-glacial (Late Ordovician-Early Silurian) recovery of the conodonts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:105-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.08 --- William B. N. Berry: Recovery of post—Late Ordovician extinction graptolites: a western North American perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:119-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.09 --- Dimitri Kaljo: Diachronous recovery patterns in Early Silurian corals, graptolites and acritarchs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:127-133, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.10 --- Petr Čejchan and Jindřich Hladil: Searching for extinction/recovery gradients: the Frasnian-Famennian interval, Mokrá Section, Moravia, central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:135-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.11 --- Michael R. House: Juvenile goniatite survival strategies following Devonian extinction events / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:163-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.12 --- O. L. Kossovaya: The mid-Carboniferous rugose coral recovery / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:187-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.13 --- William A. DiMichele and Tom L. Phillips: Climate change, plant extinctions and vegetational recovery during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian Transition: the Case of tropical peat-forming environments in North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:201-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.14 --- Mesozoic --- Douglas H. Erwin and P. Hua-Zhang: Recoveries and Radiations: Gastropods After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:223-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.15 --- A. Hallam: Recovery of the marine fauna in Europe after the end-Triassic and Early Toarcian mass Extinctions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:231-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.16 --- A. Tewari, M. B. Hart, and M. P. Watkinson: Foraminiferal recovery after the mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) in the Cauvery Basin, southeast India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:237-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.17 --- Danuta Peryt and Marcos Lamolda: Benthonic foraminiferal mass extinction and survival assemblages from the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event in the Menoyo Section, northern Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:245-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.18 --- Nataliya A. Tur: Planktonic foraminifera recovery from the Cenomanian-Turonian mass extinction event, northeastern Caucasus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:259-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.19 --- M. B. Hart: Recovery of the food chain after the Late Cenomanian extinction event / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:265-277, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.20 --- M. E. J. Fitzpatrick: Recovery of Turonian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the effects of the oceanic anoxic event at the end of the Cenomanian in southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:279-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.21 --- Elena A. Yazykova: Post-crisis recovery of Campanian desmoceratacean ammonites from Sakhalin, far east Russia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:299-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.22 --- Carl F. Koch: Latest Cretaceous mollusc species ‘fabric’ of the US Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: a baseline for measuring biotic recovery / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:309-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.23 --- Cenozoic --- Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos: Phenotypic experiments into new pelagic niches in early Danian planktonic foraminifera: aftermath of the K/T boundary event / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:319-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.24 --- E. M. Bugrova: Recovery of North Caucasus foraminiferal assemblages after the pre-Danian extinctions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.25 --- R. P. Speijer and G. J. Van Der Zwaan: Extinction and survivorship of southern Tethyan Benthic foraminifera across the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:343-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.26 --- Patricia H. Kelley and Thor A. Hansen: Recovery of the naticid gastropod predator-prey system from the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 102:373-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.001.01.27

Description / Table of Contents: Peter Turner and Amanda Turner: Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.01 --- Magnetic Mineral Assemblages and Hydrocarbons --- Hans G. Machel: Magnetic mineral assemblages and magnetic contrasts in diagenetic environments — with implications for studies of palaeomagnetism, hydrocarbon migration and exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:9-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.02 --- Palaeomagnetic Properties of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs --- Hervé Perroud, Annick Chauvin, and Michel Rebelle: Hydrocarbon seepage dating through chemical remagnetization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.03 --- P. Turner, S. D. Burley, D. Rey, and J. Prosser: Burial history of the Penrith Sandstone (Lower Permian) deduced from the combined study of fluid inclusion and palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:43-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.04 --- Stuart A. Hall and Ian Evans: Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks from the Permian Basin, southeastern New Mexico, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:79-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.05 --- S. A. Johnson, P. Turner, A. Hartley, and D. Rey: Palaeomagnetic implications for the timing of hematite precipitation and remagnetization in the Carboniferous Barren Red Measures, UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:97-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.06 --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, and Laurence Thistlewood: Magnetic mineralogy of sandstones from the Lunde Formation (late Triassic), northern North Sea, UK: origin of the palaeomagnetic signal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:119-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.07 --- Claus Beyer: Results from a palaeomagnetic investigation of the Brent Group sediments in wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 showing evidence for complete remagnetization of the sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:149-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.08 --- Magnetostratigraphic Applications --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, Laurence Thistlewood, and Kevin Dean: Magnetostratigraphic correlations in two cores from the late Triassic Lunde Formation, Beryl Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:163-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.09 --- Kifaya N. Belkaaloul, Djafar M. Aissaoui, Michel Rebelle, and Gerard Sambet: Magnetostratigraphic correlations of the Jurassic carbonates from the Paris Basin: implications for petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:173-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.10 --- Eirik Hauger and Paul Van Veen: Application of magnetostratigraphy to Brent Group reservoir zonation in the Visund Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:187-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.11 --- Gillian M. Turner and Ian D. Bryant: Application of a palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy to constrain well correlation and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Eocene C1 Sands, Maui Field, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:205-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.12 --- R. Thompson and T. D. J. Cameron: Palaeomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments in North Sea boreholes: an example of a magnetostratigraphic conundrum in a hydrocarbonproducing area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:223-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.13 --- Core Orientation and Susceptibility Logging --- T. C. Rolph, J. Shaw, T. R. Harper, and J. T. Hagan: Viscous remanent magnetization: a tool for orientation of drill cores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:239-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.14 --- E. A. Hailwood and F. Ding: Palaeomagnetic reorientation of cores and the magnetic fabric of hydrocarbon reservoir sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:245-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.15 --- Reidar Løvlie and Paul Van Veen: Magnetic susceptibility of a 180 m sediment core: reliability of incremental sampling and evidence for a relationship between susceptibility and gamma activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:259-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.16 --- H. Shi and D. H. Tarling: Magnetic field of a core barrel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:267-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.17 --- D. H. Tarling and H. Shi: Magnetic anisotropy of borehole core samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:273-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.18 --- Structural Applications --- S. A. Stewart and K. C. Jackson: Palaeomagnetic analysis of fold closure growth and volumetrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: D. A. Nieuwland and P. G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.01 --- Seismic Interpretation --- T. R. Horscroft and J. E. Bain: Validation of seismic data processing and interpretation with integration of gravity and magnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:5-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.02 --- G. Pickering, J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson: Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.03 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. Childs, and A. Nicol: Ductile strain effects in the analysis of seismic interpretations of normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.04 --- Palinspastic Reconstruction and Forward Modelling --- James G. Buchanan: The application of cross-section construction and validation within exploration and production: a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.05 --- Mike P. Coward: Balancing sections through inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:51-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.06 --- Richard H. Groshong, Jr: Construction and validation of extensional cross sections using lost area and strain, with application to the Rhine Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:79-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.07 --- T. A. Hauge and G. G. Gray: A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.08 --- Kevin C. Hill and Gareth T. Cooper: A strategy for palinspastic restoration of inverted basins: thermal and structural analyses in SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:99-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.09 --- C. K. Morley: Discussion of potential errors in fault heave methods for extension estimates in rifts, with particular reference to fractal fault populations and inherited fabrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.10 --- A. G. Skuce: Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.11 --- Mark G. Rowan: Benefits and limitations of section restoration in areas of extensional salt tectonics: an example from offshore Louisiana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:147-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.12 --- Fault Populations and Geometric Analyses --- Joseph A. Cartwright, Chris Mansfield, and Bruce Trudgill: The growth of normal faults by segment linkage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:163-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.13 --- Hugh G. Kerr and Nicky White: Kinematic modelling of normal fault geometries using inverse theory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:179-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.14 --- D. T. Needham, G. Yielding, and B. Freeman: Analysis of fault geometry and displacement patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:189-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.15 --- Analogue Modelling --- K. R. McClay: Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:201-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.16 --- Mark Verschuren, Dick Nieuwland, and Jim Gast: Multiple detachment levels in thrust tectonics: Sandbox experiments and palinspastic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:227-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.17 --- Mathematical Modelling --- J. D. Barnichon and R. Charlier: Finite element modelling of the competition between shear bands in the early stages of thrusting: Strain localization analysis and constitutive law influence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:235-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.18 --- F. Beekman, J. M. Bull, S. Cloetingh, and R. A. Scrutton: Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:251-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.19 --- Stuart Hardy, Josep Poblet, Ken McClay, and Dave Waltham: Mathematical modelling of growth strata associated with fault-related fold structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:265-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20 --- M. Ter Voorde and S. Cloetingh: Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21 --- J. D. Van Wees, S. Cloetingh, and G. de Vicente: The role of pre-existing faults in basin evolution: constraints from 2D finite element and 3D flexure models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:297-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.22 --- Regional Analyses and Remote Sensing --- M. W. Insley, F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley: The use of satellite imagery in the validation and verification of structural interpretations for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan and Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:321-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.23 --- Jonathan P. Turner: Gravity-driven nappes and their relation to palaeobathymetry: examples from West Africa and Cardigan Bay, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: This paper examines what “sustainable development policies and measures” (SD-PAMs) could be, and how they could be implemented and could fit into a post-2012 climate regime. This paper assumes that the option to implement SD-PAMs instead of quantified GHG emission commitments post-2012 is an option that would be likely to be only open to non-Annex I countries. There are several key, but unanswered, questions related to SD-PAMs. These include policy-related issues such as which countries could take on commitments to implement SD-PAMs (rather than quantified emission commitments)? Why would particular countries decide to take on such commitments? They also include questions related to how SD-PAMs could be implemented. For many other options for possible post-2012 GHG mitigation actions, including by non-Annex I countries, have also been proposed. However, this paper focuses solely on SD-PAMs.

Description / Table of Contents: Simulation Techniques --- One-dimensional Electromagnetic Particle Code: KEMPO1 A Tutorial on Microphysics in Space Plasmas / Y. Omura / pp. 1-21 --- Vlasov-code simulation / J. Büuchner / pp. 23-46 --- δf Particle-in-Cell Plasma Simulation Model: Properties and Applications / R. D. Sydora / pp. 47-60 --- Automatic Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Particle In Cell / G. Lapenta / pp. 61-76 --- Generalized Curvilinear Coordinates in Hybrid and Electromagnetic Codes / D. W. Swift / pp. 77-89 --- A New Methodology for Multi-Scale Simulation of Plasmas / H. Karimabadi, Y. Omelchenko, J. Driscoll, R. Fujimoto, and K. Perumalla / pp. 91-99 --- Numerical methods used in the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry Global code to model the magnetosphere / J. G. Lyon / pp. 101-109 --- Unstructured Meshes and Finite Elements in Space Plasma Modelling: Principles and Applications / R. Marchand, J. Y. Lu, K. Kabin, and R. Rankin / pp. 111-143 --- Visualization of Tangled Vector Field Topology and Global Bifurcation of Magnetospheric Dynamics / D. Cai, K. Nishikawa, and B. Lembege / pp. 145-166 --- Introduction to Virtual Reality Visualization by the CAVE system / N. Ohno and A. Kageyama / pp. 167-207 --- Simulation Software --- KEMPO1 Kyoto university ElectroMagnetic Particle cOde: 1d version / Y. Omura / pp. 209-235 --- The Elements for Setting up a Hybrid or Electromagnetic Code in Curvilinear Coordinates / D. W. Swift / pp. 237-282

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The ocean has always been reluctant to reveal its secrets. Its size and the inaccessibility of its deeper regions have made their safeguard a reasonably simple matter with the result that significant misconceptions persisted for many years. Two of the most widespread of these concerned the featureless nature of the sea floor and the silence of the deep ocean. Underwater acoustics has played a key role in discrediting both and in so doing introduced new and exciting developments in oceanography and geophysics. In the years following World War II, echosounders and subbottom profilers based on new active sonar technology, revealed the true nature of the seafloor topography and led to the major advances represented by plate tectonics. Research driven by the requirements of passive sonar, on the other hand, was to demonstrate that the sea was not silent but was characterised by a complex noise spectrum. Many individual mechanisms and sources ranging from man-made, biological and geophysical activity to the intrinsic noise of the sea itself were found to contribute to this spectrum. A major component, which is the subject of this book, was to remain unrecognised to underwater acoustics until noise measurements could be made effectively at very low frequencies, although its presence had been indicated by seismology long before these measurements were possible. By virtue of its geographical isolation in the Southern Ocean, New Zealand has provided an ideal environment for long-range propagation and ambient noise investigations and numerous studies have been reported. Our interest in the subject of this book was aroused initially in the course of one such experiment in 1966. For the first time it had been possible to extend the recording bandwidth to 1 Hz and the improved performance of this new system was anticipated eagerly. However the main purpose of the experiment was nearly aborted by the appearance of a new and unsuspected noise component at frequencies below 10 Hz. Due primarily to technical limitations in the equipment then available, a subsequent programme, designed to identify the properties and origin of the source more clearly, was not productive and was soon abandoned. An opportunity to revisit the problem arose some 10 years later, when the University of Auckland became involved in a major environmental study in support of the development of an offshore gas field in Cook Strait. The technology then available provided an opportunity to examine afresh the relationship between sea state and the seismo-acoustic response generated. An initial trim demonstrated the potential of the site. Accordingly a long-term programme, involving the parallel measurement of the oceanwave field and acoustic response, was undertaken in a series of student research theses. The data so gathered were of sufficiently high quality to ultimately establish wave-wave interactions as the source of the acoustic effects observed and to identify many of its characteristics. This result was soon to be confirmed by other studies. As the noise data accumulated, however, it became apparent that certain refinements to the theories describing the mechanism were required. Our attempts to provide these refinements have been reported in a number of contributions in recent years. The accounts of these and similar contributions by others have unfortunately appeared in the literature in a somewhat disjointed manner, with the result that the evolution of the subject has not been easy to follow. This book attempts to present a more coherent account of the subject and its development. Most of the early experimental and theoretical results from our group have arisen from two key Ph.D. theses, due to Dr. K.C. Ewans and Dr. C.Y. Wu. The painstaking and careful instrumentation development and data analysis provided by Dr. Ewans were critical to the definitive correlation which we were able to establish between wind field, seastate and the acoustic response so generated. Dr. Wu's thesis presented the first phase of our attempt at the resolution of certain key theoretical issues, which were identified in the course of the experimental programme. Both studies owe much to the support of Shell BP Todd Oil Services Ltd., acting for Maui Development Ltd., and to the University of Auckland. The support of the Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Ltd. during a later experimental investigation of the Southern Ocean wave field is also acknowledged...

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Outline of the physical processes within mangrove systems --- Chapter 1: Introduction --- Chapter 2: Present state of mangrove studies from a physical viewpoint --- Chapter 3: Physical factors that shape mangrove environments --- Chapter 4: Hydrodynamics and physics that support the mangrove environment --- Chapter 5: Feedback processes that maintain the mangrove environment --- Chapter 6: Research technology --- Chapter 7: Modeling of mangrove systems --- Chapter 8: Future studies in the context of the preservation and utilization of mangroves

Description / Table of Contents: During the last decades, measurements of various geodynamic processes have gained ever increasing importance. Temporal variations of the deformation and gravity fields monitored by geodetic measuring techniques reflect isostatic, tectonic or volcanic processes in the earth's interior. Recordings of hydrologic or oceanographic phenomena allow conclusions on surface processes. This volume reflects the major developments during recent years in these areas of research. Most of the papers in this book were presented at the workshop on "Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change", which took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, Spain, during March 1-4, 2005. It was jointly organized and supported by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the Spanish Council for Scientific Research and the Cabildo Insular de Lanzarote. The workshop also served as the first meeting of the members of the IAG Working Group ICCT2 on "Dynamic Theories of Deformation and Gravity Fields".

Description / Table of Contents: Understanding, modeling and prediction of mesoscale processes in the atmosphere, ocean and environmental systems have gained importance in the last decade or so. This is because of the availability of more sophisticated observational systems, provided by technological innovations and more realistic simulations using advanced dynamical models. This volume contains many original findings on mesoscale processes in atmospheric and oceanic systems through mathematical modeling, numerical simulations and field experiments. These scientific papers examine and provide the latest developments on a range of topics that include tropical cyclones/hurricanes, mesoscale variability and modeling, seasonal monsoons and land surface processes including atmospheric boundary layer.

Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. The present volume - Part II - incorporates computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, model applications and iSERVO. Topics covered range from iSERVO and QuakeSim: implementing the international solid earth research virtual observatory by integrating computational grid and geographical information web services; LURR (Load-Unload Response Ratio) described in six papers involving this promising earthquake forecasting model; pattern informatics and phase dynamics and their applications, which was also a highlight in the Workshop; computational algorithms, including continuum damage models and visualization and analysis of geophysical datasets; evolution of mantle material; the state vector approach; and assimilation of data such as geodetic data, GPS data, and seismicity and laboratory experimental data.

Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics utilizes new information not previously accessible for fog related research. It focuses on surface and remote sensing observations of fog, various numerical model applications using new parameterizations, fog climatology, and new statistical methods. The results presented in this special issue come from research efforts in North America and Europe, mainly from the Canadian Fog Remote Sensing And Modeling (FRAM) and European COST-722 fog/visibility related projects. Students, postgraduates, and researchers, interested in cloud physics, physical meteorology, aviation meteorology, climate, weather forecasting, and in other adjacent disciplines, can use this book as a basis for future developments in fog research. It is hoped that this book will lead to new scientific challenges in fog related research, teaching, and applications.

Description / Table of Contents: Induced seismic events are of high scientific and economic significance. They are the result of human activities interacting with regional and local tectonics, changing the local crustal stress state by mining, extraction of rock masses, injection of fluids into the rock massif, and by changing the surface loading and pore pressure state near large reservoirs. Within Europe the study of induced seismic events has a long tradition and international scientific organizations have actively stimulated the co-operation in this field. During its General Assembly in September 1994, the European Seismological Society organized the symposium "Induced Seismic Events". The focus of this symposium was concentrated on induced events in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the former Soviet Union. The major contributions to the symposium, and also some Chinese, Canadian, and South African results are presented here. Case studies as well as data analyses and methodological studies are included. Seismologists and specialists working in the field of geohazard prevention will find much information in this volume that is pertinent to their work.

Description / Table of Contents: Advanced Organic Chemistry has maintained its place as the premier textbook in the field, since its first appearance in 1977. It offers broad coverage of the structure, reactivity and synthesis of organic compounds. As in the earlier editions, the text contains extensive references to both the primary and review literature and provides examples of data and reactions that illustrate and document the generalizations. While the text assumes completion of an introductory course in organic chemistry, it reviews the fundamental concepts for each topic. This two-part, fifth edition has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The control of reactivity to achieve specific syntheses is one of the overarching goals of organic chemistry. Part B describes the most general and useful synthetic reactions, organized on the basis of reaction type. It can stand-alone; together, with Part A: Structure and Mechanisms, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry.