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  • Articles  (327)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (327)
  • 2000-2004  (101)
  • 1995-1999  (226)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 2000  (101)
  • 1996  (226)
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  • Articles  (327)
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  • 2000-2004  (101)
  • 1995-1999  (226)
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  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by Micellar liquid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid chromatography ; Alcohols ; Micelles ; Enviromental samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by high-performance liquid chromatography using a hybrid micellar mobile phase is described. The detection of PAHs was carried out using the fluorescence method with programmable excitation and emission wavelength. The method is applied to the analysis of several environmental samples (sea water, sediments, limpets, sea worms) and several of these compounds are quantitated at concentration below 70 ng L-1(kg-1) in the original samples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of twenty-one naphthalene sulfonates by means of capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Micellear electrokinetic chromatography ; Organic modifiers ; Naphthalene sulfonates ; Surface water ; Thermostatting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The production and use of naphthalene sulfonates can easily cause pollution of surface and other types of waters. In the present study, capillary electrophoresis in combination with UV absorption detection was used to separate 21 amino- and hydroxy-substituted naphthalene sulfonates which included multiple isomeric compounds. The influence of various parameters such as pH (which turned out to be extremely important), temperature of the surrounding air flow, and the use of buffer additives (micelles, cyclodextrins, organic modifiers) was studied. Complete separation of all analytes including the isomers, was achieved in two runs with a 50 mM boric acid/borate buffer, containing either 100 mM sodium dodecylsulfonate or 15% acetonitrile. The limits of detection obtained for the individual compounds typically were 20μgI-1. River water samples spiked at this concentration level could be analysed using a simple three-step sample clean-up procedure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cryogenic trapping of solutes during chromatographic elution in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cryogenic trapping ; Capillary ; Focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cryogenic trapping of solutes leads to narrowing of the chromatographic band. By placing the trap at the end of a capillary column, it is possible to study the effectiveness of the trap in terms of producing a sharpened elution profile. The trap may be heated by supplementary heating, but here convective heating from the GC oven is employed simply by turning off the cryogenic coolant. It is estimated that it takes about 50 s for the trap to heat up sufficiently to allow trapped solute to be remobilized, although this depends upon the oven temperature and thermal mass of the trap. It can also be shown that the more volatile solutes mobilize faster from the trap in this particular mode of operation. The recovery of trapped components shows that there is essentially quantitative trapping, and the solutes are trapped just at the leading edge of the trap.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190708
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis determination of six bioactive constituents in San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Rhei Rhizoma ; Scutellariae Radix ; Coptidis Rhizoma ; Bioactive constituents determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method for simultaneous determination of six bioactive ingredients (berberine, palmatine, baicalin, sennoside B, emodin, and sennoside A) in the Chinse herbal formula San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang was established. A carrier composed of aqueous buffer solution (50 mM sodium cholate, 15 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 4.25 mM sodium borate)-acetonitrile (3:2) was found to be the most suitable electrolyte for this separation. Contents of these constituents in a non-pretreated methanol-water extract of San-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang sample could be easily determined within 20 min. The effects of borate, cholate, and organic modifier (acetonitrile) concentration of the carrier on the migration behavior of the solutes were also studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 418-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190712
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifting of gas chromatographic retention times due to solvent effects  -  a study using sulfur chemiluminescence detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Retention indices ; Retention times ; Solvent effect ; Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection (SCD) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatrography (GC) with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) is an outstanding combination for selectively determining trace concentrations of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon samples. GC peaks can be identified by retention times when reproducible, automated injection techniques are used. However, as described in this work, analysts should be on the look out for retention shifting due to solvent effects from sample components. Three examples of retention shifting are presented: (1) thiophene by benzene; (2) methylthiophenes by toluene; and (3) dibenzothiophene by gas oil. Depending on samples and analysis conditions, retention shifts from a few hundredths to 1.5 min have been observed. Such retention shifts are likely to cause errors in peak identifications. Therefore, when using SCD, simultaneous FID monitoring is recommended as an aid in evaluating chromatograms for possible retention shifting due to solvent effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190903
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of naturally occurring α-acetotriacylglycerides by gas chromatography  -  chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: α-Monoacetotriacylglycerides ; Celastraceae ; Fatty acids ; GLC ; GLC-(NCI)MS ; Maytenus seed oils ; OV-225-OH, OH-terminated ; SOP-50, methoxy-terminated ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seed oils of three Maytenus species have been examined by high temperature GLC using SOP-50 (methoxy-terminated) and OV-225-OH (OH-terminated) glasscapillary columns. The main compounds (71-76%) could be identified as α-mono-acetotriacylglycerols by a combination of high temperature GLC-MS in negative chemical ionization mode with a CH4/N2O mixture as reactant gas and other spectroscopical methods (infrared, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). The OV-225-OH phase demonstrated better separation properties that the SOP-50 phase for this substance class and up to eight species of α-monoacetotriacylglycerols could be separated. The content of usual triacyclglycerols was below 1%. The results of the analysis of the individual fatty acids as their methyl esters by GC and GC-MS are also presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of whey proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LSS model ; Whey proteins ; HIC of proteins ; Circular dichroism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190910
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Use of liquid chromatography packings in high pressure gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High pressure gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190911
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191201
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  • 11
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    Enantiomeric separation of acidic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using a combination of charged and uncharged β-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Enantiomeric separations ; Acidic compounds ; Neutral β-cyclodextrins ; Sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution could be achieved for the enantiomers of acidic drugs, namely, sulindac, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, warfarin, and hexobarbital, in a buffer of pH 3 by the simultaneous addition of uncharged and charged β-cyclodextrin derivatives. The interaction of the analytes with the anionic sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin provides the analytes with an adequate electrophoretic mobility whereas the interaction with various neutral β-cyclodextrins generates high enantioselectivity. Five neutral cyclodextrins, the native β-cyclodextrin, as well as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, were tested to enhance the enantioselectivity of the electrophoretic system. High resolution values and the shortest analysis times for the five drugs tested were achieved in a buffer made of 100 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 3 with triethanolamine and containing dimethyl- or trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in addition to sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191203
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete PCB congener distributions for 17 aroclor mixtures determined by 3 HRGC systems optimized for comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 657-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chlorobiphenyl congeners ; Aroclors ; DB-XLB phase ; HP-5/HT-5 serial coupled phases ; GC-ECD ; GC-MS-SIM ; GC-Ion Trap MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three HRGC systems (1: 30m DB-XLB capillary with MS-SIM detection; 2: 60m DB-XLB capillary with full-scan, ion-trap MS detection; and 3: Parallel dual-column DB-17 and series-coupled HP5/HT5 with ECD detection) were used to completely characterize multiple lots of 8 different-numbered Aroclor mixtures by quantitative calibration against 9 solutions containing primary standards of all 209 PCB congeners. Despite lower absolute sensitivity and more Aroclor congener coelutions than the dual-column ECD system, the MS systems enabled measurement of more congeners per Aroclor since their greater linear response range did not require dilution of samples and standards. Pairs of different lots of Aroclors 1248 and 1254 displayed markedly different proportions of congeners, and the 1254 pair displayed strong differences in the extent of ortho-chlorine substitution. The tables of congener weight percent distributions among Aroclors are more comprehensive and quantitatively precise than those of prior publications. However, the limitations of single-level calibration precluded measurement of all congeners to the ±10% accuracy desirable for establishing these Aroclors as secondary standards for comprehensive, quantitative congener-specific PCB analysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191202
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    High performance fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Electrospray ionization ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron ; Resonance ; Biomolecule analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the current state of the on-line combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS), and discuss aspects of the FTICR technique relevant to its use as a detection scheme for on-line separations. Aspects including sensitivity, mass resolution, duty cycle, and tandem mass spectrometric capabilities are discussed in the context of online separations with examples from the authors' laboratory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191105
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Contribution of HPLC to the study of the defense mechanisms acting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) roots on infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC of phenols ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; Carnation vascular wilt ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi ; Root phenolic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191213
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  • 15
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    Isomeric composition of the ester fraction from epicuticular waxes of Festuca arundinacea Schreb (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Wax esters ; Festuca arundinacea ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ester portion of epicuticular waxes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is composed of mixtures of homologous series of fatty acids esterfied with fatty alcohols. GC analyses of natural esters gave rise to the separation of several compounds of different chain length. To identify and quantify individual components in the mixture, GC/MS analyses were carried out, and the mass spectra of each peak were recorded and analyzed for characteristic ions. This approach permitted a comparison with data obtained from classical methods using GC analysis of acid and alcohol moieties obtained by hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190108
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Simultaneous capillary GC of acids and sugars as their silyl(oxime) derivatives: Quantitation of chlorogenic acid, raffinose, and pectin substances (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Optimization of GC conditions ; Sugar analysis ; Acid analysis ; Chlorogenic acid ; Raffinose ; Pectin decomposition products ; Galacturonic acid ; Arabinose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our GC-MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of sugars and acids as their silyl(oxime) derivatives, from one solution by one injection, has been extended to the reproducible determination of high molecular weight compounds sensitive to decomposition yet requiring a high evaporation temperature (e.g. chlorogenic acid and rffinose) and for the quantitation of the decomposition products of pectin (i.e., for the determination of galacturonic acid at low ng levels in the presence of a 10-100 fold excess of glucose eluting just before the acid). The optimized GC procedure has been used for quantitation of the sugar and acid (including chlorogenic acid) composition of potato samples, and for the determination of the increasing amount of the decomposition products of pectin substances in apple pulp after different storage times.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190110
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190114
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190101
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  • 19
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    Capillary gas chromatographic evaluation of trans-fatty acid content of food produced under the traditional conditions of semi-industrial frying (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: trans-Fatty acids ; Semi-industrial frying ; Capillary GC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190313
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  • 20
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    Determination of chelating agents in Hanford tank waste simulant by capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chelating agents ; Complexation ; Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary electrophoretic method has been developed which achieves rapid quantitative separation and determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid in Hanford tank waste simulant (TWS). Direct UV detection of Cu2+/chelator complexes is used to achieve enhanced sensitivity. The qualitative and quantitative reliability of the method and the quality of separations, as given by efficiency and resolution, is presented. In addition, the limits of detection and linearity of detector response with concentration are given for each chelator. The selection of Cu as the UV-absorbing species over other transition metals present in the waste is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190402
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  • 21
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    Dimethylbenzothiophenes and methyldibenzothiophenes in crude oils from different sourcesPolycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles, V. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles ; Crude oil ; Oil maturity ; Fingerprinting ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented for the identification and quantification of C2-substituted benzothiophenes in crude oil. The method will enable analysis of the pattern of these compounds, for example as a basis for differentiating crude oils from one another (fingerprinting) and for investigation of their suitability as indicators of oil maturity. Here results are reported for five crudes from Iraq, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the former Soviet Union, and the North Sea. The aromatic fraction of the crudes was oxidized and the dioxides of the heterocycles separated according to the number of carbon atoms in the side chains. The final separation was by capillary GC with atomic emission or flame ionization detection. A fluorinated analog was synthesized and used as internal standard. The concentrations of 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,7-, and 3,7-dimethylbenzothiophene ranged between 11 and 272 ppm. Three other dimethylated benzothiophenes present in lower amounts were also identified.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190109
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  • 22
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    Determination of Pollutant Phenols by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary HPLC ; gradient elution ; temperature programming ; phenolic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---This paper describes a liquid chromatographic method using a reversed phase capillary column coupled to an UV detector for the quantitation of thirteen pollutant phenols. Chromatographic separation was carried out with gradient elution at 25.0 ± 0.1°C. The two major anisocratic elution modes (gradient elution and temperature programming) were evaluated. The detection limit range was 10-81 pg (100 nL injected). The chromatographic method combined with liquid-liquid extraction was applied to analysis of these compounds in river water. Recoveries of 75-103% were achieved for most of them.
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  • 23
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    Use of Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in the Analysis of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary SFC ; zinc dialkyldithiophosphates ; lubricating oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract
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  • 24
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    Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography to the Analysis of Waxes in Objects of Art (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; micropacked capillary columns ; waxes ; restoring ; objects of art ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract
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  • 25
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    Identification of Free and Glycosidically Bound Volatiles and Glycosides by Capillary GC and Capillary GC-MS in “Lulo del Chocó” (Solanum topiro) (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Aroma ; “lulo del Chocó” ; Solanum topiro ; volatiles ; glycosidically bound volatiles ; glycoside TFA derivatives ; enantioselective gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The volatile constituents of lulo del Chocó (Solanum topiro) fruit pulp obtained by liquid-liquid extraction were analyzed by capillary GC and capillary GC-MS. In total, 30 components were identified with methyl salicylate, hexadecanoic acid, hexanal, guaiacol, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl acetate being the major components. Chirospecific MDGC analysis revealed the predominance of (R)-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate (ee 40%) and the presence of racemic mixtures both of δ-octalactone and of δ-decalactone. For γ-hexalactone, γ-octalactone, and γ-decalactone enantiomeric distributions of 22.4 : 77.6, 22.9 : 77.1, and 20.0 : 80.0, (R) : (S), respectively, were determined. Glycosidically bound aroma compounds were identified by capillary GC and capillary GC-MS after isolation of the glycosidic fraction obtained by Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption and methanol elution followed by hydrolysis with a commercial pectinase enzyme. In total 13 bound aroma compounds (aglycones) were identified. These aglycones mainly consisted of compounds exhibiting aromatic structures. Additionally, with the aid of capillary GC and capillary GC-MS (EI and NCI) of trifluoroacetylated derivatives we identified eight glucosides: the novel 3,6-epoxy-7-megastigmen-5,9-diol β-D-glucopyranoside and the hexyl, benzyl, linalyl oxide (furanic), 2-phenylethyl, vomifolyl (isomer 1), (6S,9R)-vomifolyl, and scopoletin β-D-glucopyranosides.
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    System Peaks of Cyclodextrins in Capillary Electrophoresis (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Cyclodextrin ; capillary electrophoresis ; system peak ; CHES 1 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a running buffer containing cyclodextrins (CDs) and 2-[N-cyclohexylamino]-ethanesulfonic acid (CHES), positive system peaks were observed in the analysis of a ganglioside mixture by CE-UV. These system peaks were related to CDs in the running buffer because these peaks were also detected when a plug of solution devoid of CDs but having the same CHES concentration and pH as the running buffer was injected. Neutral CDs were separated owing to the formation of inclusion complexes with the anionic CHES ion. One possible explanation for the positive system peaks is that the anionic CD-CHES inclusion complex is displaced by co-ions with higher UV absorptivity.
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    Liquid Chromatography of Unstable Zinc Dithiocarbamates. Application to Rubber Gloves Analysis (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 565-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; zinc dithiocarbamate ; vulcanization accelerator ; rubber gloves ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No abstract
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    Characteristic Stationary Phase Constants for Two Popular Open-Tubular Column Stationary Phases for Gas Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 603-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Solvation parameter model ; ystem constants for poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) HP-5 and poly(ethylene glycol) HP-INNOWax stationary phases ; temperature ; molecular interaction ; retention models ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
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    Determination of Cinnamomi Constituents by High-performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 561-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Retention factors ; Cinnamomi ramulus ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; capillary electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
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    Ion Chromatography of Inorganic Anions on Graphitic Carbon as the Stationary Phase (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 590-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Ion chromatography ; graphitic carbon stationary phases ; anions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Inorganic anions could be separated on porous graphitic carbon stationary phases in ion chromatography. Ion exchange between eluent anions and sample anions on the stationary phase was confirmed by the retention behavior and the possibility of indirect photometric detection. The elution order of anions was different from that observed for commercially available anion exchangers. Chloride, nitrate, and sulfate contained in tap water could be determined in 7 min.
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    Solid-Phase Microextraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides from Water at Low and Sub-ppt Levels at Different Temperatures (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 485-488 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Pyrethroids ; solid-phase microextraction ; water analysis ; temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Synthetic pyrethroids are increasingly being used for insect control on field crops because of their advantageous environmental properties such as short field life, broad spectrum of insecticide activity, and relatively low mammalian toxicity. In the present work, experimental conditions were optimized for trace analysis of pyrethroids in water by using solid-phase microextraction followed by capillary gas chromatography. Effects of temperature, SPME-fiber diameter, and matrix were studied. SPME used off-line with a gas chromatograph electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) showed a linear response over a wide concentration range. Our results showed a strong temperature effect on pyrethroid extraction yield. The detection limit after 5 min of SPME-fiber exposure to the samples changed from 1 ppb (at 30°C) to 0.1 ppt (at 90°C), which is a 10000 increase in pyrethroid detection. The standard deviations of the analyte peak area ratios were typically in the range of 1-7% at 30°C and of 3 to 15% at 90°C. Best conditions for pyrethroids analysis were achieved using high temperature solution and a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber. No matrix (river water) influence was observed on detection of the investigated pyrethroids.
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    Microfabricated Monolith Columns for Liquid Chromatography. Sculpting Supports for Liquid Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microfabrication ; monolith ; electrochromatography ; peptides ; reactive ion etching ; reversed phase ; nanocolumns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monolith columns are generally fabricated by polymerization of monomers within a column. This paper reviews an alternative strategy in which the bed is microfabricated in an inorganic material by ablation. Channels of 1.5 μm width and 10 μm depth were sculpted in quartz by deep reaction ion etching. Using this approach chromatographic beds were constructed in which cubic support structures were created and arranged in rows to mimic particles in a conventional column. Beds ranging from hundreds of thousands to millions of “particles” with volumes of 15 nL to 15 μL were produced. Columns that had been derivatized with an octadecyl silane stationary phase were used to separate both low molecular weight analytes and peptides in the CEC mode. Plate height in the CEC mode was 1.2 μm at maximum efficiency.
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    Dynamic Capacity Studies of CIM (Convective Interaction Media)® Monolithic Columns (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Monoliths ; CIM® monolithic column ; dynamic binding capacity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of CIM® DEAE monolithic columns in terms of dynamic binding capacity is presented in this paper. Breakthrough experiments were performed for capacity determination. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein. It is shown that CIM® monolithic columns have good batch-to-batch reproducibility as well as long-term stability. The experiments performed under different linear velocities demonstrated that the dynamic capacity is unaffected at least up to a linear velocity of 2450 cm/h. Furthermore, the breakthrough curve slope is constant, indicating that the capacity would remain constant at even higher linear velocities. The adsorption isotherm of BSA dissolved in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer shows a constant capacity of around 30 mg/mL of support down to a concentration of 20 μg/mL. The capacity is substantially influenced by the ionic strength; however, 20% of the maximal capacity is still preserved at 0.3 M NaCl.
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    Affinity Chromatography of Human Blood Coagulation Factor VIII on Monoliths with Peptides from a Combinatorial Library (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Monolith ; factor VIII ; affinity chromatography ; combinatorial peptide library ; peptide synthesis ; recombinant proteins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: FVIII is a very complex molecule of great therapeutic significance. It is purified by a sequence of chromatographic steps including immunoaffinity chromatography. A peptide affinity chromatography method has been developed using peptides derived from a combinatorial library. Spot technology using cellulose sheets has been applied for this purpose. The dual positional scanning strategy was used for identification of the amino acids in random positions. Approximately 5000 possible candidates found in the first screening round were reduced to a panel of 36. Six candidates have been selected empirically. Five peptides seem to be directed against the light chain of FVIII, one peptide seems to be directed against the heavy chain. The peptides have been immobilized on conventional beaded material and CIM polymethacrylate monoliths. Much better performance with respect to capacity and selectivity has been observed with the monolithic material. Exposure of the ligand and its ensuing accessibility are responsible for these properties.
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    Capillary Electrochromatography with Monolithic Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) as the Stationary Phase (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrochromatography ; monolithic column ; electroosmotic flow ; retention mechanism ; aromatic compound ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new kind of monolithic capillary electrochromatography column with poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) as the stationary phase has been developed. The stationary phase was found to be porous by scanning electron microscopy and the composition of the continuous bed was proved by IR spectroscopy to be the ternary polymer of styrene, divinylbenzene, and methacrylic acid. The effects of operating parameters, such as voltage, electrolyte, and organic modifier concentration in the mobile phase on electroosmotic flow were studied systematically. The retention mechanism of neutral solutes on such a column proved to be similar to that of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, fast analyses of phenols, chlorobenzenes, anilines, isomeric compounds of phenylenediamine and alkylbenzenes within 4.5 min were achieved.
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    Continuous-Bed Columns Containing Sol-Gel Bonded Packing Materials for Capillary Electrochromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Continuous-bed ; sol-gel ; octadecylsilica ; mixed-mode stationary phase ; large-pore ; column technology ; capillary electrochromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Sol-gel bonded packing materials in continuous-bed columns have been prepared for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Three packing materials were investigated: small-pore Spherisorb ODS1 (3 μm, 80 Å) with octadecyl as stationary phase, small-pore mixed-mode Spherisorb ODS/SCX (3 μm, 80 Å) with octadecyl and propyl sulfonic acid as stationary phases, and large-pore Nucleosil ODS (7 μm, 1 400 Å) with octadecyl as stationary phase. The characteristics of these columns were compared in terms of electroosmotic flow, efficiency, inertness, and retention factors. In contrast to columns containing sol-gel bonded ODS, columns containing sol-gel bonded mixed-mode ODS/SCX generated nearly pH independent electroosmotic flow (EOF) over pH 2-9. Columns containing sol-gel bonded large-pore ODS produced nearly three times lower reduced plate height than those containing small-pore ODS. Efficiencies of 220,000 plates per meter and 175,000 plates per meter were obtained from columns containing sol-gel bonded 7 μm, 1 400 Å ODS and columns containing sol-gel bonded 3 μm, 80 Å ODS, respectively, which are among the highest reported efficiencies for continuous-bed columns. In CEC, over one million plates per meter and pH independent EOF are expected from continuous-bed columns containing sol-gel bonded 1.5 μm particles with large pores and mixed-mode stationary phases.
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    Particle Loaded Monolithic Sol-Gel Columns for Capillary Electrochromatography: A New Dimension for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Monolithic chromatography columns ; capillary electrochromatography (CEC) ; micro high performance liquid chromatography ; sol-gel based columns for chromatography ; fritless capillary chromatography columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Particle-loaded (3 μm, octadecylsilica) monolithic sol-gel columns have been prepared and selected characteristics measured. Several electrical properties may be calculated from simple current measurements in the column as a whole. Resistivity in the packed segment is approximately three times that in open segments, resulting in a 60% increase in field strength in the packed regions compared to the capillary with no packing. The surprisingly high specific permeability of these sol-gel columns is characteristic of 8-μm particles, which allows their operation in the microLC mode at pressures as low as 69 kPa where their efficiency is about 50,000 plates per meter and in the CEC mode where efficiency is about 106,000 plates per meter at 5 kV. There is a relatively rapid loss of efficiency with increasing linear velocity beyond 0.2 mm/s in microLC mode, which may be due to additional diffusion processes in the inter-particulate voids. A rapid loss of efficiency above 0.5 mm/s is also observed in the CEC mode, for the same reasons. Chromatographic retention behavior in either separation mode is characteristic of conventional octadecylsilica particles, indicating that analytes have significant access to the surface within the pores of the immobilized bonded phase.
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    Preparation of Fritless Packed Silica Columns for Capillary Electrochromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrochromatography ; packed columns ; fritless columns ; stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Fritless packed silica gel columns were prepared using sol-gel technology. A part of a 75 μm i.d. fused silica capillary was filled with a mixture of tetramethoxysilane and poly(ethylene glycol). After gelling at 40°C and heating at 300°C, the resultant silica gel was derivatized with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane. A scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of the capillary column showed that the gel took the form of a spherical particle aggregate and adhered to the column inner wall. The column performance was evaluated for electrochromatography using acetonitrile-50 mM HEPES buffer (pH 6.6) (60/40 or 40/60, v/v) as the mobile phase. An electroosmotic flow of 1.0 mm/s was generated with (60/40, v/v) acetonitrile/HEPES buffer at a field strength of 546 V/cm. Using a sol-gel-derived packed column at an electroosmotic flow of 0.5 mm/s, efficiencies of up to 1.1×105 plates/m were obtained for retained solutes.
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    A New Monolithic-Type HPLC Column For Fast Separations (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; monolithic column ; silica rod column ; fast separations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The application of a new silica-based, monolithic-type HPLC-column for fast separations is presented. The column is prepared according to a new sol-gel process, which is based on the hydrolysis and polycondensation of alkoxysilanes in the presence of water soluble polymers. The method leads to “rods” made of a single piece of porous silica with a defined pore structure, i. e. macro- and mesopores. The main feature of silica rod columns is a higher total porosity, about 15% higher than of conventional particulate HPLC columns. The resulting column pressure drop is therefore much lower, allowing operation at higher flow rates including flow gradients. Consequently, HPLC analysis can be performed much faster, as it is demonstrated by various applications.
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    Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Electrochromatography Based on Synthetic Polymers: Designs and Applications (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 3-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrochromatography ; monolithic columns ; synthetic polymers ; stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monolithic materials have quickly become a well-established stationary phase format in the field of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Both the simplicity of their in situ preparation method and the large variety of readily available chemistries make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. This review summarizes the contributions of numerous groups working in this rapidly growing area, with a focus on monolithic capillary columns prepared from synthetic polymers. Various approaches employed for the preparation of the monoliths are detailed, and where available, the material properties of the resulting monolithic capillary columns are shown. Their chromatographic performance is demonstrated by numerous separations of different analyte mixtures in variety of modes. Although detailed studies of the effect of polymer properties on the analytical performance of monolithic capillaries remain scarce at this early stage of their development, this review also discusses some important relationships such as the effect of pore size on the separation performance in more detail.
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    Preparative Monolithic Silica Sorbents (PrepRODs™) and Their Use in Preparative Liquid Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative chromatography ; silica monoliths ; PrepROD™ ; productivity ; SMB-chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The use of monolithic silica sorbents for the isolation of substances by preparative liquid chromatography is demonstrated. Preparative liquid chromatography is recognized as a valuable technique for the isolation and purification of substances in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industry. The system technology has meanwhile reached a high standard, and the greatest future improvements are expected to arise from new and improved adsorbents. Monolithic silica sorbents offer some unique features for preparative liquid chromatography. They exhibit high efficiencies even at high flow rates due to their fast convective mass transfer and can therefore be used at very high mobile phase velocities, leading to high productivity and hence to maximum process economy. The benefits of this new type of adsorbent are illustrated for an example in batch-chromatographic mode and an example using the continuous simulated moving bed (SMB) technology.
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    Tailoring Mesopores in Monolithic Macroporous Silica for HPLC (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 106-110 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Silica ; monolithic column ; aging ; mesopores ; pore size distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Mesopore formation in silica gels having continuous macropores has been investigated. The macroporous wet silica gel prepared by the sol-gel process including phase separation was aged in a basic solvent making use of hydrolysis of urea in a closed condition. The mesopore structure was finally obtained by subsequent evaporation drying of solvent and heat-treatment at 600°C for 2 h. The dissolution-reprecipitation kinetics at the interfaces between wet gel skeletons and an external solvent affected the size and volume of pores formed within the skeletons. Below 120°C, mesopores suitable for various chromatographic applications have been formed typically within 24 h. On the other hand, at 200°C, the pore size attained the macropore dimensions (〉50 nm), and the whole macroporous morphology was significantly modified.
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    Monolithic Silica Columns for HPLC, Micro-HPLC, and CEC (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Monolithic column ; silica monolith ; HPLC ; capillary liquid chromatography ; capillary electrochromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Two types of monolithic silica columns derivatized to form an ODS phase, one prepared in a fused silica capillary (SR-FS) and the other prepared in a mold and clad with an engineering plastic (poly-ether-ether-ketone) (SR-PEEK), were evaluated. The column efficiency and pressure drop were compared with those of a column packed with 5-μm ODS-silica particles and of an ODS-silica monolith prepared in a mold and wrapped with PTFE tubing (SR-PTFE). SR-FS gave a lower pressure drop than a column packed with 5-μm particles by a factor of 20, and a plate height of 20 μm at a linear velocity below 1 mm/s. SR-PEEK showed higher flow-resistance than the other monolithic silica columns, but they still showed a minimum plate height of 8-10 μm and a lower pressure drop than popular commercial columns packed with 5-μm particles. The evaluation of SR-FS columns in a CEC mode showed much higher efficiency than in a pressure-driven mode.
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    Note on the Net Retention Volume in Chromatography with a Real Gas as a Carrier (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; retention volume ; real gas carrier ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of the calculation and interpretation of the net retention volume with a real gas as carrier is revisited. The properties of the carrier are described by a first order virial equation of state. The net retention volume of a solute is related to the mean flow rate of the carrier, therefore determination of the mean flow rate of a real gas carrier is reviewed. It is shown that the mean flow rate cannot be calculated from the mean column pressure. With a real gas carrier the local capacity factor depends on the local pressure of the real gas. The basic relationship between the net retention volume and the function describing this pressure dependence is also reviewed. Precise formulae as well as practical approximations are presented for the calculation of the mean flow rate, of the mean column pressure, and of a representative pressure related to the mean capacity factor.
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    Detection of Polyols by HPLC Coupled with an On-Line Photochemical Oxidation Reactor and Chemiluminescence Detection (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 127-130 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; diol compound ; oxalate ; post-column reaction ; ruthenium complex ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In this paper we propose a new post-column detection method for polyols containing 1,2-diol, 1,3-diol, and saccharides. The polyols are oxidized in a photochemical reactor to yield oxalate with subsequent chemiluminescence detection using [Ru(III)(bpy)3]3+. A mixing solution of eluate and oxidizing reagent is delivered to a reaction coil, which is then irradiated with ultraviolet light to promote the oxidation reaction. The detection limits for 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 1,3-propanediol were 38 pmol and 23 pmol, respectively.
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    Coupled LC-GC-NPD for Determination of Carbazole-Type PANH and Its Application to Personal Exposure Measurement (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: On-line coupled LC-GC ; nitrogen selective detection ; NPD ; carbazoles ; PANH ; personal exposure measurement ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A coupled LC-GC method for the analysis of carbazole-type PANH has been developed and evaluated. Group separation and isolation of carbazoles from interfering acridines in a complex sample matrix was accomplished by using a back-flush technique and an in situ end-capped dimethylaminopropyl silica column in the HPLC part of the system. On-line injection of the carbazole fraction into the GC column was performed with a loop-type interface utilizing concurrent solvent evaporation technique. An LOD of 1-3 pg of individual carbazole compounds was achieved by nitrogen selective detection using an NPD. The method is shown to be robust and is demonstrated by application to personal exposure measurement in an aluminum reduction plant.
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    Fast Separation of Nucleosides by Capillary Electrochromatography on Non-Endcapped Phenyl-Bonded Silica Phase Using Short-End Injection Method (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrochromatography ; nucleosides ; short-end injection ; phenyl-bonded silica ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The influence of several experimental parameters (pH, ionic strength, organic modifier content of hydro-organic buffer) upon EOF, migration time, and retention factor has been studied in CEC with a phenyl-bonded silica column on a model mixture of five nucleosides. This paper illustrates the current interest in CEC as a method of resolving complex mixtures of neutral and ionic solutes and demonstrates the potential of the short-end injection method as a means of reducing analysis time.
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    Separation of Anthraquinones by Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Analysis of anthraquinones ; capillary electrophoresis ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The separation and determination of twelve anthraquinones, viz. anthraquinone 1, chrysphanol 2, aloe-emodin 3, alizarin 4, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid 5, purpurin 6, sennoside B 7, sennoside A 8, emodin 9, quinalizarin 10, rhein 11, and anthraflavic acid 12, were achieved by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detection at 260 nm with a buffer solution containing 30 mM sodium borate (adjusted to pH = 10.56 with 0.05N NaOH) and acetonitrile (9 : 1) in CE or with a linear gradient elution containing 20 mM KH2PO4 with 0.05% phosphoric acid (pH = 2.91) and methanol in HPLC was found to be the most suitable approach for this separation. Contents of six components (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11) in crude Rhei Rhizoma extract could easily be determined within 39 min by CE or 63 min by HPLC. The effects of buffers on this separation and the validation of the two methods were studied.
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    Capillary Gas Chromatography of Trichlorophenols Using Ammonia as Carrier Gas (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; trichlorophenols ; ammonia ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
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    Large Volume Injection in Fast Gas Chromatography with On-Column Injector (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; fast GC ; on-column injection ; narrow-bore column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In this work a fast gas chromatography set-up with on-column injection was optimized and evaluated with a model mixture of C8-C28 n-alkanes. Usual injection volumes when using narrow-bore (e. g., 0.1 mm i.d.) analytical columns are ca. 0.1 μL. The presented configuration allows introduction of 10-30-fold larger sample volumes without any distortion of peak shapes. In the set-up a normal-bore retention gap (1 m×0.32 mm i. d.) was coupled to a narrow-bore (4.8 m×0.1 mm i. d.×0.4 μm film thickness) analytical column using a low dead volume column connector. The effects of the experimental conditions such as inlet pressure, sample volume, initial injection temperature, and oven temperature on a peak focusing are discussed. H-u curves for helium and hydrogen are used to compare their suitability for high speed gas chromatography and to show the dependence of separation efficiency on the carrier gas velocity at high inlet pressures. In the fast gas chromatography system a baseline separation of C10-C28 n-alkanes was achieved in less than 3 minutes.
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    Proper Tuning of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) to Optimize the Separation of Complex Oil Fractions (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography ; GC×GC ; thermal modulation ; oil analysis ; petroleum analysis ; analysis of middle-distillate oil fractions ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is an utterly suitable separation technique for the analysis of complex samples, such as oil fractions. Once the two columns and the operating conditions are properly tuned, the technique is able to provide a detailed characterization of such materials. Some considerations applying to the tuning of a GC×GC system for a specific separation are presented and discussed. The authors present a number of different column sets and conditions which allow the separation of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, a kerosene, the light end of a crude oil, and an olefinic fraction, respectively. The highly structured GC×GC chromatograms, together with chemical knowledge about the samples, provide a much more comprehensive characterization of the samples than hitherto possible.
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    Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with a Rotating Thermal Desorption Modulator and Independently Temperature-Programmable Columns (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography ; thermal desorption modulator ; temperature programming ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, two individual separations are coupled by means of a rotating thermal desorption modulator interface. The injection pulse introduced via the interface onto the second column should be as short as possible. Parameters affecting the modulator operation are studied. In the set-up used in this study, the temperature of the second column can be programmed independently from that of the first column. Optimization of the second-dimension separation to minimize peak broadening and maximize resolution is discussed and an elegant approach to determine second-dimension retention times using a non-constant modulation frequency is demonstrated. The high separation power of the comprehensive system is demonstrated by the analysis of technical and biota samples containing chlorinated biphenyls and toxaphene.
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    Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by GC×GC (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional gas chromatography ; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography ; GC×GC ; oxygenates ; MTBE ; reformulated gasoline ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has been applied to the quantitation of oxygenates in reformulated gasoline. Target oxygenates were C1-C4 alcohols, tert-pentanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME). These were separated from the gasoline matrix using a volatility-based selectivity in the first chromatographic dimension, followed by a mixed-phase polarity/shape selectivity in the second dimension. The high resolving power of this stationary phase combination completely separated all oxygenates except DIPE, ETBE, and TAME, which exhibited coelution with other nonpolar gasoline components. Oxygenates quantitation was achieved with the use of an internal standard, an FID detector, and calibration curves. Quantitation results are in good agreement with ASTM and EPA standard methods. When coupled with our previous method for BTEX and aromatics, a single GC×GC method can now quantitate MTBE, alcohols, BTEX, and aromatics in a one-hour analysis.
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    Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Residues Investigated by SPE-GC/ITD-MS and On-Line Derivatization (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 474-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Solid-phase extraction, on-line derivatization, and measurement by ion trap mass spectrometry (ITD-MS) were used to investigate the biological degradation of pharmaceutical residues (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac). The results of the single steps of sample pretreatment and analytical determination are reported. MS/MS measurements were performed on an ITD-MS by selecting collision induced dissociation of the molecular ions (M+) as parent ions to defined daughter ions. A pilot sewage plant and biofilm reactors operating under oxic and anoxic conditions were run as model systems with synthetic sewage water containing 10 to 50 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pharmaceuticals in concentrations of 10 μg/L. Clofibric acid displayed its persistent character in all cases. The pilot sewage plant and the oxic biofilm reactor showed comparable results for diclofenac and ibuprofen, which both were partly degraded. These results can explain the occurrence of these substances in sewage effluents and in the aquatic environment. A high degree of degradation was found especially for ibuprofen in the oxic biofilm reactor, which was attributed to adaptation of the biofilm to the residue. Two metabolites of ibuprofen could be identified on the basis of their mass spectra and comparison with literature data, viz. hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen.
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    Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxanes Using an Off-Line Combination of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 502-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Silicone oil ; supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; micropacked columns ; MALDI-TOF ; GC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
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    Separation and Detection of Metal Ions in Ecological Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Indirect UV Detection (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: CZE ; indirect UV detection ; metal ions ; ecological samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
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    Development and evaluation of an interface for coupled capillary supercritical fluid chromatography/magnetic sector mass spectrometry. Application to thermally unstable and high molecular mass compounds (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ; Mass Spectrometry ; SFC-MS ; On-line combination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interface for coupling supercritical fluid chromatography to a magnetic sector mass spectrometer was developed and evaluated. The interface is based on direct introduction of the mobile phase, carbon dioxide, into the ion-source of the mass spectrometer. The SFC-MS system was optimized with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. Under optimized conditions, the estimated detection limit for n-pentadecane is approximately 30 ppm. Spectra obtained in the electron-impact ionization mode show a very good similarity with library spectra. The performance of the SFC-MS system was evaluated by the analysis of a number of test mixtures. A sample containing several low molecular mass, thermally unstable compounds, which could neither be analyzed by GC-MS nor by LC-MS, was analyzed. Also for the analysis of high molecular mass compounds, the coupled system showed a good performance.
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    A water trap for static cryo-headspace gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 37-42 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The headspace gas in static headspace gas chromatography contains mostly saturated water vapor. In the case of the cryofocusing enrichment technique this may cause baseline distortion in the early part of the chromatogram or may even lead to ice-plugging of the capillary column. A water-trap is described in which the water vapor is removed from the headspace gas before entering the cryo-trap. The water trap is packed with lithium chloride on a porous support and is regenerated after each analysis by heating under backflush conditions. It therefore can be used for automatic operation. Data are given for the precision and accuracy, and some practical examples, for environmental and flavor analysis are shown.
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    Retention of alcohols in steam chromatography using CaCl2—H2O salt as stationary phase (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Steam chromatography ; Salt-water stationary phases ; Retention of alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Residues of chlorinated pesticides in eggs of the gray heron (Ardea cinerea L.): Contribution of capillary gas chromatography ion-trap mass detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry ; Pesticide residue analysis ; Eggs ; Ardea cinera ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190112
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 65-65 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. iii 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190202
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    Identification of pesticide residues in real matrices by combining retention indices and specific multidetection responses (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Specific detectors ; ECD/FPD response ratios ; Retention indices ; Identification on real samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previous paper reported the possibility of using the ratio between the responses of two different specific detectors to a single compound (detector response ratio, DRR) as an identification criterion for that compound, in combination with its retention index.This article gives some applications of DRR in the identification of some pesticides in four different fruits (apples, apricots, strawberries, and peaches) in a range varying from 0.02 to 1.3 ppm, by means of their ECD/FPD DRRs. After clean-up GC analyses were performed on a single column with dual parallel detection; a personal computer system was used for data analysis.
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    Thermal treatment for immobilization of chiral polysiloxanes in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 91-94 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chiral selector anchored to polysiloxane ; Chiral phase capillary GC ; Immobilization ; Thermal treatment ; High enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chiral selector L-t-leucine-t-butylamide has been anchored to a polysiloxane by nucleophilic displacement of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester-functionalized block polysiloxanes with L-t-leucine-t-butylamide. Attempts were made to immobilize the chiral polysiloxanes inside the capillaries by thermal treatment at 300°C for 30-90 min. The polysiloxanes were found to be more resistant than Chirasil-Val to the racemization caused by such high temperature treatment. Capillary columns coated with this type of immobilized polysiloxane have shown very high enantioselectivity and thermal stability.
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 284-284 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    A four factor simplex optimization of a serially coupled open tublar columns gas chromatographic system (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coupled columns ; Four factor optimization ; Simplex method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optimization of a gas chromatographic system with two capillary columns coupled in series in a single oven for the linear temperature programmed separation of a mixture of C1—C10 hydrocarbons has been carried out using the simplex optimization method. The following four selectivity parameters were optimized: the initial temperature of the oven; the initial hold time; the temperature programmed rate; and the pressure at the mid-point of the system. The optimization procedure was monitored by the Cp criterion.
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    Membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (mPC-CE-MS) analysis of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol (PAP) metabolites (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry ; Membrane preconcentration ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Sulfonated membrane ; Polar drug metabolites ; Toxic oil syndrome ; Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome ; 3-Phenylamino-1,2-propanediol ; 3-Phenylamino-L-alanine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. VII 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190514
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    Comparative headspace analysis of fresh red coffee berries from different cultivated varieties of coffee trees (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 298-300 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Dynamic head space ; Coffee berry ; Identification ; Hypothenemus hampei ; Plant-insect relationship ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    The advantage of dual-column approach and retention indices combined with refined reporting in gas chromatographic drug screening (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Drug screening ; Retention index ; Reporting ; Mean list length ; Blood analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dual-column gas chromatographic retention index method was evaluated for the toxicological screening for basic drugs in autopsy blood samples. The dual-column approach with DB-5 and DB-1701 capillary columns doubles the Identification Power of the corresponding single column methods. The long-term intralaboratory variation of the dialkylfluoroaniline series based retention indices of drugs in blood ranged from 0.03% to 0.2% which was generally better than that obtained using the relative retention time. Novel software is described for the processing and reporting of the dual-column chromatographic data in analytically useful form. Besides retention data, the response factors served as an additional identification factor.
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    HRGC separation performance evaluation by a simplified fourier analysis approach (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
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    Trace analysis of semi-volatile organic air pollutants using thick film silicone rubber traps with capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 339-344 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Trace gas analysis ; Multichannel thick film silicone rubber traps ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Established standard methods for analyzing semi-volatile pollutants by capillary gas chromatography are cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive. With the longer term aim of replacing the sample preparation procedures with convenient concertrating and thermal desorption steps, thick film silicone rubber traps were constructed in a novel multi-channel configuration. Tests were performed to determine breakthrough volumes and thermal desorption characteristics for total transfer of the trap contents to a capillary column. Initial results are very promising.
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    Performance and characteristics of a trace gas analyzer for the determination of volatile organic compounds in air (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 333-338 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Adsorptive enrichment/thermal desorption ; Microtrap ; VOC and PVOC analysis ; Humid air sample analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An instrument has been developed and tested for the continuous measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air. The system consists of a gas chromatograph equipped with a dedicated sampling device that allows the sample to be transferred to a cooled microtrap via sampling loops (10, 100, 250 ml) or via a direct pump transfer to the trap. The microtrap is placed in the chromatographic oven just below a modified split-splitless injector, allowing direct liquid injection for calibration of the system; the injector is in communication with the sampling valve equipped with the loop and the sampling pump. The system allows 24-hour sampling and analysis of a large number of VOC (up to 25 individual hydrocarbons ranging from C2—C9) and also polar volatile organic compounds PVOC. Thanks to the particular trap geometry, a minimum consumption of liquid nitrogen (between 150—300 ml) is needed for each analytical run and no water managing system is normally required for humid air samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Essential oil analysis ; Ylang-ylang oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE), and supercritical (CO2) extraction (SFE) were used to isolate volatile secondary metabolites from fresh, totally mature flowers of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography (DB-1, DBWAX, 60 m columns) using FID, NPD or MSD (EI, 70 eV). Kováts indexes, mass spectra, or standard substances were employed for compound identification. 51, 70, and 73 compounds at concentrations above 100 ppb were detected in the SD, SDE, and SFE extracts, respectively. The main constituents of these extracts were linalool (20.7, 28.0, and 16.5%), germacrene-D (10.1, 3.1, and 20.3%) benzyl benzoate (14.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), benzyl acetate (9.6, 17.0, and 6.2%), caryophyllene (3.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), and p-methylanisole (6.8, 6.1, and 2.7%). 85% of the composition of SDE extracts was represented by oxygenated compounds. Heavy hydrocarbons (Cn 〉20) and fatty acids were found only in the SFE extracts, which also had a higher content of nitrogenated compounds (phenylacetonitrile, 4-methylbenzaldoxime, indole, 2-phenyl-nitroethane, and methyl anthranilate) and sesquiterpenes (43% vs 19.5% in SD and 8.1% in SDE) and 1.5 - 2 times lower concentration of monoterpenes and light oxygenated compounds than the SD (49.7%) and SDE (64.5%) extracts.
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    Determination of triclosan in human dental plaque by gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 359-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Triclosan ; Dental plaque ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A validated gas chromatographic method for the determination of triclosan in human dental plaque is described. Based on plaque sample weights of 10 mg, the limit of detection (2 × S/N) is 0.5 μg/g. The method is linear (r = 0.9986) from the limit of detection to 50 μg/g. Recoveries from placebos spiked with 2.0, 25, and 50 μg/g of triclosan were 105.6%±7.5%, 107.2%±3.1%, and 99.1%±1.1%, respectively (n = 3 at each level). Twenty replicate preparations and analyses of a homogenized sample, conducted by two operators over the course of 4 days, showed agreement to within 9% RSD. Analyses of dental plaque collected from patients after brushing with dental cream containing triclosan, shows triclosan to be retained in dental plaque at concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 μg/g) after 12 h.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Masthead (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190701
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    Editorial (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 371-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190702
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    The use of predicted boiling points for the identification of halobenzenes and substituted phenols in capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary chromatography ; Boiling points prediction ; Identification ; Chlorobenzenes ; Phenols ; Programmed temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative correlations between physicochemical parameters and structure of various solutes and their gas chromatographic behavior were investigated in order to predict the retention values. The identification of unknown samples in gas chromatographic routine analysis of environmental samples is enhanced by the use of these correlations in conjuction with other chromatographic methods and with mass spectrometry. The boiling points of many compounds are easily found in literature and therefore their correlation with retention values obtained in isothermal or programmed temperature analysis permit restriction of the choice of names of unknown compound to within a narrow range. The correlation between the boiling points and the retention times of chloro- and bromo-benzenes and of some chloro- and nitro- substituted phenols was investigated on non-polar capillary columns and permitted the tentative identification of many compounds belonging to these homologous series.
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    Gas chromatographic determination of some glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates by FID, O-FID, and MS detection. Preliminary applications in simultaneous monitoring of these chemicals in biological matrices (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; FID, O-FID, and MS detection ; Glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates ; Heptafluorobutyryl derivatives ; Mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twelve compounds, commonly used as industrial solvents and belonging to the chemical class of glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates, were investigated. Several analytical conditions, applied to single or connected capillary columns of different length and polarity coating and connected to FID, O-FID and MS detection systems, were assayed. Tests on heptafluorobutyryl derivatives were also attempted to improve the analytical sensitivity. The aims were to establish gas chromatographic methods suitable for analysis of reference standard compounds and to verify their applicability to biological matrix analysis for pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, since these chemicals have been shown to be hazardous in laboratory animals and are presumed to be dangerous in man.
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    On-line HPLC-HRGC coupling and simultaneous transfer of two different LC fractions: Determination of aliphatic alcohols and sterols in olive oil (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: LC-GC coupling ; Loop-type interface ; Alcohols ; Sterols ; Olive oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified loop-type interface is decribed which uses two 6-way valves and concurrent eluent evaporation to perform an on-line transfer and simultaneous gas chromatographic analysis of two different fractions pre-separated by liquid chromatography. The interface is used to simultaneously analyze aliphatic alcohols and sterols present in olive oil. LC pre-separation is carried out using a normal phase column (20 cm × 0.21 cm i.d.) and hexane-isopropanol (99:1) as a mobile phase at a flow of 0.2 ml/min; for the GC analysis a 5 % phenyl, 95 % dimethyl siloxane (25 m × 0.32 mm i.d., 0.4 μm film thickness) column is used.
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    In memoriam - Emanuel Gil-Av (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 462-462 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190808
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    Frederick Conference Capillary Electrophoresis Award to Barry Karger (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 463-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190809
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    Pressure drop effects on selectivity and resolution in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; Packed columns ; Pressure drop ; Selectivity ; Resolution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of pressure drop on retention, selectivity, plate height and resolution was investigated systematically in packed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase. Numerical methods developed previously which enabled the prediction of pressure gradients, diffusivities, capacity factors, plate heights and resolutions along the length of the column were used for the model calculations. The effects of inlet pressure and supercritical fluid flow rate on selectivity and resolution are studied. In packed column SFC with pure carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, the pressure drop can have a significant effect on resolution. The flow rate is shown to have a larger effect than generally realized. The calculated data are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the variation of the chromatographic parameters along a 5.5 meter long model SFC column is illustrated. The possibilities and limitations of using long packed columns in SFC are discussed. It is demonstrated that long columns with large plate numbers do not necessarily yield better separations.
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    Troubleshooting in the separation sciences (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 464-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190810
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    Ultratrace determination of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in waste water by purge and trap/gas chromatography coupled to different detectors: Flame ionization (FID), electron capture (ECD), and multiple ion detection-mass spectrometry (MID-MS) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Purge and trap extraction ; 1,2,4-TCB ; Environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled to a “purge and trap” extraction-injection technique is described as a method of determining 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in water at levels as low as parts-per-trillion (ppt). In order to investigate the interference from other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) several detection systems were compared: flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry-multiple ion detection. Concentrations ranging from 15 to 600 ng/L were analyzed in 20 ml standard aqueous solutions. The mean accuracy of the method varied from 89 to 103%, and its mean precision varied from ± 0.85 to ± 7.5 % for all detectors. The detection limits were 20 ng/L for FID, 2 ng/L for ECD and 0.5 ng/L for MID-MS detectors. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of industrial waste waters. The necessity of an appropriate internal standard to improve the quantitative determination and to determine possible losses or degradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene during handling or storage is discussed.
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    Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by microextraction and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microextration ; GC/MS ; Chlorobenzenes ; Water samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190812
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    An investigation of supercritical fluid extraction of trenbolone from beef (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) ; Beef ; Anabolic steroids, synthetic ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190811
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    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. vii 
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    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190816
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    Chiral separation of methoxamine and lobeline using cyclodextrin as buffer additives in capillary zone electrophoresis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 478-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Chiral separation ; Cyclodextrins ; Methoxamine ; Lobeline ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190815
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    A modified inlet system for high speed gas chromatography using inert metal tubing with a carbon dioxide cooled cryotrap (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 492-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High - speed capillary GC ; Carbon dioxide cryotrap ; Deactivated metal tubing ; Thermal decomposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten different metal tubings were investigated for thermal decomposition of analytes when used as the trap tube in a cryotrap/thermodesorption inlet system. No noticeable sample decomposition of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and a brominated hydrocarbon was observed for six of the tubings with hydrogen as the carrier gas. This observation may be partly attributed to the developed deactivation techniques that produce inert metal tubings that are being widely adopted by many column manufacturers, the different trap materials used in comparison to previous studies and the decreased sample residence time in the hot trap tube. A cryotrap using carbon dioxide was constructed and tested as a alternative to the previously used liquid nitrogen based systems. This cryotrap was able to trap compounds with a boiling point of 80°C.
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    Enantiomer separation of amino acids as their N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives by chiral phase capillary GC (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Enantiomer separation ; Amino acids ; N-Alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamide derivatives ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of amino acids were first converted into N-alkyloxycarbonyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters, and then into N-alkyloxycarbonyl alkylamides by nucleophilic substitution of the ester group with amines. The first reaction proceeds instantaneously, while the second substitution occurs smoothly with n-propylamine and isobutylamine. The final derivatives were produced for separation on a capillary column coated with Chirasil-Val by GC. Pro, which is difficult to separate completely as its N-perfluoroacyl alkyl ester derivative, showed complete separation of the enantiomeric pair. All amino acids examined in this study showed an increased separation factor.
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    HPLC separation of the major constituents in Paeoniae Radix (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 530-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography ; Paeoniae Radix ; Peony constituent separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190912
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    Effect of high temperature in determination of the mathematical dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve in gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; High temperature ; Dead time ; Constants of the n-alkane retention time curve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In gas liquid chromatography, the column dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve are calculated by the multiparametric least-squares regression iterative method at high temperature between 180 and 270°C. The method was applied to two types of columns. The first group includes eight packed columns (seven OV polymethylphenylsiloxane and Apolane-87), while the second includes five glass capillary columns (four methylsilicone with different film thicknesses and Apolane-87). The calculated tM and b values were compared with those obtained by Guardino's, Grobler's, and Kaiser's methods. The influences of coating thickness and temperature thereon were investigated.
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    Fast chiral separation by microbore SFC on the 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 569-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microbore SFC ; Chiral separation ; 3,5-Dimethylphenyl carbamate derivative of cellulose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191007
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    Solid phase extraction of halogenated pesticides from ground and surface waters and their determination by capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Pesticide residue analysis ; Solid phase extraction ; Ground water ; Surface water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A critical study of a solid phase extraction method using C18 SPE columns for the determination of 23 halogenated pesticides is presented. Type of sorbent, sorbent mass, flow rate in the extraction process, sample concentration of the different compounds, sample volume, pH, ionic strength and type of water were evaluated. Recoveries of pesticides under study yield a linear relationship, except for conazole fungicides and captan. Losses can be expected for heptachlor, aldrin, and captan. Sample volume and flow rate of extraction affect recoveries. Matrix effects from surface and groundwaters were observed. Recoveries for vinelozolin and dieldrin from groundwater were lower than those obtained from nanopure water. In river water losses of these compounds are higher. Captan and penconazole were not present and high losses were obtained for trifluralin, α-BHC, γ-BHC, tri-allate and chlorpyriphos. Impurities arising from the sorbent materials of cartridges have been detected.
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    High temperature (70°C) size exclusion chromatography of petroleum waxes with RI and FID detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 549-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Size exclusion chromatography ; Petroleum waxes ; Flame ionization detector ; Refractive index detector ; Molecular weight distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular weight distribution of solid petroleum waxes is a key parameter for the general characterization of these materials. Particular interest concerns extremely large components, typically present in oil distillation residua, and solid deposits found in oil production facilities. Molecular weight distributions of oil waxes were determined in this work by high temperature size exclusion chromatography. Separations were carried out with two different eluents, namely toluene and ortho-dichlorobenzene and two detection systems, these being a differential refractive index and a flame ionization detector. Toluene proved to be the best choice when combined with flame ionization detection. Better uniformity of response was the greatest advantage achieved by this approach. The experimental set up permitted analysis of samples containing molecules with up to 138 carbon atoms. Burning properties of very large molecules, isomerism affecting calibration, and signal asymmetry when flame ionization detection was adopted were three issues still requiring additional efforts to understand and to improve analysis accuracy.
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    Identification of phenolic compounds in waste water from coal gasification by SPE and GC/MS (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Phenolic compounds ; Solid phase extraction ; Coal gasification ; GC/MS ; XAD-4 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191009
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    Factors affecting SFE of PAHs from water samples (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction ; Water samples ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191012
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    Volatile constituents from Andes berry (Rubus glaucus benth) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioselective gas chromatography ; Volatiles ; 2-Heptanol ; Ethyl benzoate ; (E)-Hex-2-enal ; 1-Terpinen-4-oI ; Rubus glaucus ; Rosaceae ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191011
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    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 596-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240191015
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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