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  • taxonomy  (101)
  • biodiversity
  • Springer  (171)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1995-1999  (171)
  • 1998  (111)
  • 1995  (60)
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  • Springer  (171)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
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  • 1995-1999  (171)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selektive Partnerwahl der Aaskrähe (Corvus corone) in der Hybridisierungszone von Rabenkrähe (C. c. corone) und Nebelkrähe (C. c. cornix) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 139 (1998), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: mate choice ; taxonomy ; phenotypic hybrids ; fitness ; decision rule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die als Unterarten klassifizierten europäischen Formen der Aaskrähe, Rabenkrähe und Nebelkrähe, besiedeln verschiedene, aneinandergrenzende Verbreitungsgebiete und hybridisieren in der Kontaktzone. Die Nachkommen von Mischpaaren sind fruchtbar und können sowohl mit anderen Hybriden als auch mit Raben- und Nebelkrähen erfolgreich brüten. Trotzdem kommt es zu keiner völligen Vermischung der Formen und/oder Verlagerung der Verbreitungsgebiete. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Partnerwahl von Aaskrähen in der Hybridisierungszone auf der nordfriesischen Insel Amrum und stellten fest, daß Partner gleichen Phänotyps häufiger miteinander verpaart waren, als stochastisch zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Unsere Daten bestätigen vergleichbare Studien aus Hybridisierungszonen in Italien und Sibirien. Wir schließen daraus, daß phänotypisch selektive Partnerwahl bei der Aaskrähe ein allgemeines Phänomen sein könnte und diskutieren, warum dieses Verhalten anfitness-relevante Parameter gekoppelt sein sollte. Um welche es sich dabei handeln könnte, wurde bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht und muß deshalb offen bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow are regarded as subspecies of the Crow. They show frequent hybridisation along the adjacent borders of their distribution. Mixed pairs produce fertile offspring which are able to breed successfully with both hybrids and mates of either phenotype. However, hybridisation does not lead to phenotypic changes of Carrion and Hooded Crows in general nor in their distinct distribution. We studied the mating behaviour of Crows in the hybrid zone on the Island of Amrum (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) and found evidence that Crows may prefer mates of the same phenotype. Our data confirm previous studies which reported assortative mating with respect to plumage coloration from hybrid zones in Italy and Siberia. We discuss why this behaviour should be related tofitness traits which in our opinion have not yet been studied adequately nor identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651226
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum: Genomic characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Dipodascus capitatus ; D.spicifer ; Geotrichum clavatum ; yeast ; taxonomy ; DNA heterogeneity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The G+C contents of 25 strains of Dipodascus capitatus, Dipodascus spicifer and Geotrichum clavatum were found to be heterogeneous on basis of derivative graphs of the melting profiles. Strains showing similar derivative graphs of the melting curve exhibited high levels of DNA homology (80-100%); strains showing dissimilar derivative graphs exhibited low levels of DNA homology (5 to 45%). Being considered separate taxa on basis of these parameters, D. capitatus, D. spicifer and G. clavatum could be identified by a combination of the key characteristics growth on xylose, cellobiose, salicin and arbutin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001762024710
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Taxa in the Genus shape Beta using ITS1 Sequence Information (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 16 (1998), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: allele-specific PCR ; Beta ; ITS1 ; plant identification ; rDNA ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sequence variation in the ITS1 locus of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in beets has previously been used to reconstruct phylogeny of the species in the genus Beta. We have developed protocols that allow the identification of Beta taxa by use of taxon-specific primers. Beta sections, species and subspecies can be identified. Differences within the ITS1 region of a single base can be exploited for species identification. The results from this study not only provide effective methods for wild beet identification, but also indicate the potential use of the techniques in other crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007416817736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of vacuum sampling versus sweep-netting for arthropod biodiversity measurements in California coastal sage scrub (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: vacuum sampler ; sweep-net ; shrubs ; biodiversity ; arthropods.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The recent growth of conservation biology has demanded that faster and more effective measures of biodiversity be utilized. Arthropods, due to high levels of diversity and their relative ease of capture, are often the subject of such surveys. The vacuum sampler, used quite often in the context of agricultural arthropod surveys, has never been adequately evaluated or compared to more traditional collection techniques in relatively complex ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the vacuum sampler was more or less effective than a sweep-net in measuring arthropod biodiversity in California coastal sage scrub. The results show that significantly more individuals were collected by the vacuum sampler per unit effort for three out of six orders of arthropods examined. In addition, the vacuum sampler collected a significantly greater number of arthropod species than the sweep-net technique for two out of the six orders sampled. There were no significant differences in the number of species collected for the remaining four orders. We feel these findings are important for arthropod biodiversity studies utilized for conservation efforts as the vacuum sampler can attain a level of efficiency and sensitivity (with regard to species detection) that sweep-net techniques cannot. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009653021706
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic monitoring of Orthoptera and its potential for conservation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: conservation monitoring ; bioacoustics ; biodiversity ; Orthoptera ; tropical forests.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Songs of Orthoptera can be used for inventorying and monitoring of individual species and communities. Acoustic parameters such as carrier frequency and pulse rates allow the definition of recognizable taxonomic units (RTUs) which help to overcome the taxonomic impediment due to our scanty knowledge, particularly of tropical faunas. Bioacoustic diversity is a first estimate for species richness and provides baseline data which can be a prerequisite for conservation. Additional ecological and behavioural information such as habitat preference and singing schedules can be inferred. Many Orthoptera are sensitive indicator species for habitat quality in temperate and tropical ecosystems. Examples are given for evaluation of habitat quality and deterioration by acoustic detection of Orthoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695813606
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The taxonomic impediment in orthopteran research and conservation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: Orthoptera ; biodiversity ; taxonomy ; conservation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract It is estimated that only 10–15% of the world's insect fauna has been described and named. Efforts to inventory insect biodiversity are hampered by this taxonomic impediment, which is compounded by the logistical problems of an insufficient taxonomic workforce and their remote location in museums thousands of miles from the areas of highest biodiversity. Compared to most other invertebrate groups however, the taxonomic impediment is relatively benign in the order Orthoptera. This is a small to medium-sized order (approximately 20 000 described species) which is well known taxonomically, owing to the group's agricultural importance worldwide. Furthermore, orthopteran taxonomists are now fortunate to have a published up-to-date catalogue of all known species, which has just become accessible as a regularly updated database on the World Wide Web. Whilst new information technology, in the form of e-mail networks, World Wide Web sites and CD-ROM information archives, is already enhancing communication between specialists and helping to reduce the logistical problems of documenting orthopteran biodiversity, a major reinvestment in basic taxonomic research is needed if we are to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment significantly. There is general agreement that an internationally coordinated approach will be necessary and priorities must be set to tackle the biodiversity/systematics crisis. In the future, the Orthoptera can make an important contribution to invertebrate faunal surveys and have potential as an indicator taxon. Furthermore, the Orthoptera Species File establishes a taxonomic framework which could be readily enlarged to include geographic data and phenology of species from existing museum specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009633811789
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Property Rights and Biodiversity (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of law and economics 6 (1998), S. 285-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9990
    Keywords: Property rights ; biodiversity ; bioprospecting ; and Coase-theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This essay deals with the allocation of genetic resources with regard to property-rights theory. In addition to this, different arrangements of property rights will be examined as to their allocation and distribution effects. The result will show that property rights on biological diversity can only cover patrimonial rights which contain the right to use the resource but not to destroy it. Bioprospecting conventions, such as the well known Merck-INBio agreement, will be examined as mechanisms to establish property rights in terms of biological diversity. Moreover, the identification of these agreements will be critically questioned for their applicability as a form of the Coase-theorem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008662329540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance ofCubitermes termitaries as shelter for alien incipient termite societies (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Foundation of societies ; termites ; biodiversity ; soil fauna ; rainforest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We hypothetized that in the African rainforest (Cameroon), one of the principal limiting factors for termite multiplication is the relative scarcity of nesting sites. As a consequence, termitaries ofCubitermes fungifaber, C. banksi andC. subarquatus with their alveolate structure might constitute good shelters for incipient societies. In the cavities of these termitaries we recorded 29 termite species (including conspecifics) belonging to 23 genera and 5 subfamilies. ActiveCubitermes fungifaber andC. banksi termitaries shelter fewer incipient and adult societies than abandoned ones. ActiveC. subarquatus termitaries shelter more incipient societies than abandoned ones, while the difference is not significant with regards to termite societies at other stages of development. The frequency of shelteredCubitermes spp. incipient societies was so large (72.3%) that we suggest that abandoned termitaries and unoccupied zones of active ones had an adaptative value at the generic level as they constitute good shelters (probably the best) for incipient societies and favour reproduction inCubitermes spp. societies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242449
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resilience in the Dynamics of Economy-Environment Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 11 (1998), S. 503-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: biodiversity ; dynamics ; resilience ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The ecological concept of resilience has begun to inform analysis of change in economy-environment systems. The linkages between resilience and the stability of dynamical systems are discussed, along with its role in understanding of the evolution of such systems. Particular linkages discussed include those between resilience, biodiversity and the sustainability of alternative states. Recent developments in modelling the resilience of joint economy-environment systems suggest the advantages of analysing change in the system as a Markov process, the transition probabilities between states offering a natural measure of the resilience of the system in such states. It is argued that this ‘emergent property’ of the collaboration between ecology and economics has far-reaching implications for the way we think about, model and manage the environmental sustainability of economic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008255614276
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest operations and environmental protection (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 82 (1995), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: soil compaction ; damage ; forest operations ; environmental protection ; payload ; design ; biodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Increased mechanisation in forestry usually means increased traffic over the ground, which also is a substrate for growth. Soil compaction, rut formation, and damage to stems and roots may all result in growth reduction. To reduce soil disturbance and tree damage, smaller machines or machines with less ground pressure must be considered. Today the traffic may cover 10–30% of the site area. This is mainly due to skidding during clear-felling and thinning. If present trends of heavy mechanisation continue, in the future there could be as many as six machine entries onto the site by the time a stand has reached an age of 50 years. Rut formation from forwarders and skidders is a problem. Harvesters seem to cause minor problems. The engine torque powering the driving wheels adds considerably to the influence of the total weight of the vehicle on the ground. High traction forces and slipping may contribute twice as much to soil disturbance as the vehicle ground pressure. When designing forest machinery for transportation of timber the payload itself is the most complicated problem. During the XIX World Congress of the International Union of Forestry Research Organisations (IUFRO) in Montreal, Canada, 1990, a Project Group on Forest Operations and Environmental Protection was established within IUFRO Division 3. From the author's point of view, concern about biodiversity is not taken into account through single-track and profit-oriented forestry in some areas and total preservation in other areas. It is the manifold of different ways of forestry that is the answer to sustainable development and conservation of biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182816
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