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  • Male  (126)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (126)
  • 1990-1994  (126)
  • 1994  (126)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (126)
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  • 1990-1994  (126)
Year
  • 1
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    Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: The proposal that nitric oxide (NO) or its reactant products mediate toxicity in brain remains controversial in part because of the use of nonselective agents that block NO formation in neuronal, glial, and vascular compartments. In mutant mice deficient in neuronal NO synthase (NOS) activity, infarct volumes decreased significantly 24 and 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the neurological deficits were less than those in normal mice. This result could not be accounted for by differences in blood flow or vascular anatomy. However, infarct size in the mutant became larger after endothelial NOS inhibition by nitro-L-arginine administration. Hence, neuronal NO production appears to exacerbate acute ischemic injury, whereas vascular NO protects after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The data emphasize the importance of developing selective inhibitors of the neuronal isoform.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z -- Huang, P L -- Panahian, N -- Dalkara, T -- Fishman, M C -- Moskowitz, M A -- NS10828/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS2636/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stroke Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7522345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/enzymology/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/complications/*metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction/*etiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neurons/*enzymology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-07
    Description: A strong candidate for the 17q-linked BRCA1 gene, which influences susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, has been identified by positional cloning methods. Probable predisposing mutations have been detected in five of eight kindreds presumed to segregate BRCA1 susceptibility alleles. The mutations include an 11-base pair deletion, a 1-base pair insertion, a stop codon, a missense substitution, and an inferred regulatory mutation. The BRCA1 gene is expressed in numerous tissues, including breast and ovary, and encodes a predicted protein of 1863 amino acids. This protein contains a zinc finger domain in its amino-terminal region, but is otherwise unrelated to previously described proteins. Identification of BRCA1 should facilitate early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in some individuals as well as a better understanding of breast cancer biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miki, Y -- Swensen, J -- Shattuck-Eidens, D -- Futreal, P A -- Harshman, K -- Tavtigian, S -- Liu, Q -- Cochran, C -- Bennett, L M -- Ding, W -- CA-48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-54936/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-55914/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 7;266(5182):66-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7545954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA1 Protein ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Female ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Y -- Cesarman, E -- Pessin, M S -- Lee, F -- Culpepper, J -- Knowles, D M -- Moore, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1865-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral/*analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Degeneration of a nonrecombining chromosome (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: Comparative studies suggest that sex chromosomes begin as ordinary autosomes that happen to carry a major sex determining locus. Over evolutionary time the Y chromosome is selected to stop recombining with the X chromosome, perhaps in response to accumulation of alleles beneficial to the heterogametic but harmful to the homogametic sex. Population genetic theory predicts that a nonrecombining Y chromosome should degenerate. Here this prediction is tested by application of specific selection pressures to Drosophila melanogaster populations. Results demonstrate the decay of a nonrecombining, nascent Y chromosome and the capacity for recombination to ameliorate such decay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Long-range cis preference in DNA homology search over the length of a Drosophila chromosome (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-18
    Description: P element-induced chromosome breakage on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster was repaired six times more frequently when a homologous template was located anywhere on the X chromosome rather than on an autosome. Cis-trans comparisons confirmed that recombinational repair was more frequent when the interacting sequences were physically connected. These results suggest that the search for homology between the broken ends and a matching template sequence occurs preferentially in the cis configuration. This cis advantage operates over more than 15 megabases of DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engels, W R -- Preston, C R -- Johnson-Schlitz, D M -- GM30948/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 18;263(5153):1623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8128250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosomes ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Conversion ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Templates, Genetic ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Diet and health: what should we eat? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-22
    Description: Many recent studies have implicated dietary factors in the cause and prevention of important diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, birth defects, and cataracts. There is strong evidence that vegetables and fruits protect against these diseases; however, the active constituents are incompletely identified. Whether fat per se is a major cause of disease is a question still under debate, although saturated and partially hydrogenated fats probably increase the risk of coronary heart disease. One clear conclusion from existing epidemiologic evidence is that many individuals in the United States have suboptimal diets and that the potential for disease prevention by improved nutrition is substantial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willett, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 22;264(5158):532-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Disease/etiology/prevention & control ; Dairy Products ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Preventive Medicine ; United States ; Vegetables
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-25
    Description: The hypothesis that oxygen free radicals are causally involved in the aging process was tested by a study of the effects of simultaneous overexpression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase. As compared to diploid controls, transgenic flies carrying three copies of each of these genes exhibited as much as a one-third extension of life-span, a longer mortality rate doubling time, a lower amount of protein oxidative damage, and a delayed loss in physical performance. Results provide direct support for the free radical hypothesis of aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orr, W C -- Sohal, R S -- R01AG8459/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 25;263(5150):1128-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8108730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Catalase/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Longevity ; Male ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Proteins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Rise and fall of the Y chromosome (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):171-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Decoding chimp genes and lives (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1172-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/*analysis/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Fathers ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Hair/chemistry ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/classification/*genetics/psychology ; Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The Drosophila saxophone gene: a serine-threonine kinase receptor of the TGF-beta superfamily (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-25
    Description: The Drosophila decapentaplegic (dpp) gene encodes a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like protein that plays a key role in several aspects of development. Transduction of the DPP signal was investigated by cloning of serine-threonine kinase transmembrane receptors from Drosophila because this type of receptor is specific for the TGF-beta-like ligands. Here evidence is provided demonstrating that the Drosophila saxophone (sax) gene, a previously identified female sterile locus, encodes a TGF-beta-like type I receptor. Embryos from sax mothers and dpp embryos exhibit similar mutant phenotypes during early gastrulation, and these two loci exhibit genetic interactions, which suggest that they are utilized in the same pathway. These data suggest that sax encodes a receptor for dpp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, T -- Finelli, A L -- Padgett, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 25;263(5154):1756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8134837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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