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  • Articles  (6)
  • Ecology
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1994  (6)
  • Biology  (6)
  • Geosciences
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  • Articles  (6)
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (6)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology of the visual pigments of snappers (Lutjanidae) on the Great Barrier Reef (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Ecology ; Great Barrier Reef ; Lutjanidae ; Microspectrophotometry ; Visual pigments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The visual pigments in the retinal photoreceptors of 12 species of snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Teleostei; Perciformes; Lutjanidae) were measured by microspectrophotometry. All the species were caught on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) but differ in the colour of the water in which they live. Some live in the clear blue water of the outer reef, some in the greener water of the middle and inshore reefs and some in the more heavily stained mangrove and estuarine water. All the species had double cones, each member of the pair containing a different visual pigment. Using Baker's and Smith's (1982) model to predict the spectral distribution of ambient light from chlorophyll and dissolved organic matter it was found that the absorption spectra of the visual pigments in the double cones were close to those that confer the maximum sensitivity in the different water types. Single cones contained a blue or violet-sensitive visual pigment. The visual pigments in the rods showed little variation, their wavelength of maximum absorption always being in the region 489–502 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191712
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divergent ecology of sympatric clones of the asexual gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 100 (1994), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Evolution of sex ; Ecology ; Clones ; Lepidoaactylus lugubris ; Gekkonidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report differences in the thermal biology, elevational, temporal and geographic distributions of sympatric clones of the widespread asexual house gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris. The two most common L. lugubris clones in Fiji, clones 2NA and 2NB, differ significantly in preferred temperature as measured in a laboratory heat gradient, but were similar in critical thermal maximum and minimum. Significant differences were found in the relative frequency of clones 2NA, 2NB, and a third Fijian clone, clone 3NB, at seven sites along an elevational gradient in Fiji. Clone 2NB was not collected at sites above 235 m, consistent with its higher preferred temperature, whereas clone 2NA was captured as high as 835 m. Clone 3NB was extremely rare at sealevel (1% of all individuals at three sites below 100 m), but predominated at the two highest-elevation sites (42% and 100%). Clones 2NA and 2NB did not differ significantly in their activity time or ambient activity temperature at low-elevation sites. Clone 3NB however, was active on significantly cooler nights at two of those sites. These significant inter-clonal differences in spatial and temporal distribution should allow a more complete utilization of resources by the assemblage of clones than by any single clonal genotype, and may promote coexistence of clones at a within-island and within-site scale. Clone 2NA, which is the most common clone in Fiji and has the broadest elevational distribution, also has the widest geographic distribution. It was the predominant clone at 27 of 34 sites surveyed in nine Pacific archipelagoes. This suggests that the ecological attributes that favor this clone in Fiji also favor it elsewhere in the Pacific despite differing environmental conditions and clonal composition in those areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317861
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytogeography of bryophyte and lichen vegetation in the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, Continental Antarctica (1994)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 111 (1994), S. 71-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Biogeography ; Cryptogam ; Ecology ; Moss ; Plant dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and frequency of bryophyte and lichen vegetation on ice-free regions of the Windmill Islands are presented using data derived from aerial photography and ground surveying. The qualitative and quantitative plant cover of sites are listed and related to the topography and major soil characteristics of each site. The richest associations of macrolichens and bryophytes occurred on the metamorphic northern peninsulas. Species richness and frequency was generally reduced on the charnockitic southern peninsula and the islands which have been deglaciated longer. Salinity varied significantly throughout the region with the highest levels in the northern islands reflecting the presence of penguin colonies. In such sites bryophytes and lichens were virtually absent. Wind blown sea-spray contributed far less salts than direct excretion from penguins. On the peninsulas snow cover and site exposure appeared to delimit plant distribution. Higher salt levels from sea-spray on the northern aspects of the peninsulas seemed to have negligible impact on vegetation patterns with the possible exception ofBiatorella cerebriformis which was encountered only inland. The total phosphorus and nitrogen levels of the skeletal soils were generally low except in eutrophic sites adjacent to penguin colonies. The vegetation patterns are discussed in terms of the climate, topography and species autecology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045578
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report on the distribution, population, and ecology of the yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) (1994)
    Springer
    Primates 35 (1994), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Rhinopithecus ; Distribution ; Population ; Ecology ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), an endangered species in China, has received more protection in theory than in practice. Therefore it is on the very verge of extinction. The population of the species was estimated less than 2,000 individuals spread in 19 distinct groups. It was confirmed that the monkey was confined to the Yunling Mountain System, the area between the Yangtze River (Changjiang, aka Jinshajiang) to the east and the Mekong River (Lancangjiang) to the west. We further concluded that a lowland belt to the east, about 100 km long and 20 – 30 km wide was not suitable habitat for the monkeys, and appeared to serve as the natural ecogeologic barrier for the species. Our results indicated that the southern limit of the distribution was at Longma (26°14′N), and that the northern limit of the distribution was at Xiaochangdu (29°20′N). The distribution area of the species was substantially smaller than previously estimated. There were substantial ecological differences between the southern and northern parts of the species range. The monkey was found only in fir-larch forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382060
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lake Victoria fisheries: the Kenyan reality and environmental implications (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 39 (1994), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Management ; Ecology ; Traditional fishing ; Nile perch ; Tilapias ; Introduced species ; Haplochromines ; Predator-prey relationships ; Economics ; Agriculture ; Wichlum Beach ; Yala Swamp ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria has dramatically altered the fishery in that lake and contributed to the decline of the fishery for indigenous tilapias. One sector of the fishery in Lake Victoria has benefitted from the Nile perch introduction, although catches have declined in recent years. Inefficient enforcement of fisheries regulations has had a detrimental effect on indigenous species but may also have contributed to the recent decline in Nile perch catches. Fisheries development plans have tended to favour capital-intensive fisheries and to ignore small scale subsistence fisheries. A case study at Wichlum Beach on the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria has revealed the efficiency of traditional fishing and fish drying methods as well as the high ecological costs of the practice of kiln-drying Nile perch. Forty-five tons of firewood are used per month at Wichlum Beach alone for kiln-drying perch. The increased economic viability of the fishery has attracted professionals into the industry and resulted in the development of an export-oriented trade. The Yala Swamp adjacent to Lake Victoria has been extensively drained as part of a large land reclamation scheme and more draining is planned. Increased environmental awareness in Kenya, and Kenya's membership in the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, has resulted in a critical review of these plans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and dentition in tropical ariid catfishes from Australia (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 40 (1994), S. 159-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Gulf of Carpentaria ; Estuary ; Feeding guilds ; Ecology ; Coexistence ; Molluscs ; Polychaetes ; Ariidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The diets of 13 species of ariid catfishes from the tropical waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria are described and compared. Fishes were collected from two estuaries and inshore and offshore marine areas. Up to 10 species have been recorded from a single estuary. Although all are carnivorous and consume a variety of prey, diet analyses and statistical ordination reveal three feeding guilds - piscivores, polychaete-eaters and molluscivores. The diets of most species are similar between sites. There are strong relationships between dietary guild and the size and arrangement of the palatine teeth. The piscivorous group of catfish (guild 1) have large mouths with relatively large multiple palatine tooth plates, either in a band or in a triangular pattern and armed with sharp recurved teeth. The primarily polychaete-feeding group (guild 2) have a variable mouth size but it is usually smaller than that of guild 1 fish; their palatine teeth plates are fewer and smaller, and they have small, sharp recurved teeth. Guild 3 eat mainly molluscs, and have a small mouth and large posteriorly situated palatine plates with globular, truncated teeth. Overlaps in diet between species are probably reduced by differential distribution patterns within estuaries and different habitat preferences. The mouth-width and tooth-plate arrangements of ariids in tropical Australia are suitable for dealing with broad classes of prey rather than specific items, conferring dietary flexibility. This probably optimizes the trade-off for most species between occupation of broad feeding niches and the ability to shift diet easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002543
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