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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary Disputes:: Negotiating the Boundary between the Technical and the Social in the Development of IT Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 9-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the problematic nature of the boundary between the"technical" and the "social" and its consequences in respect ofunderstanding the relationship between technological and organizationalchange. Illustrates the argument using material drawn from research onthe implementation of a hospital information system and an R&D project todevelop a knowledge-based system to assist the implementation ofstrategic change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information Technology and the Family: Electronic Surveillance and Home Imprisonment (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The development of information technologies has led to the restructuringof the boundaries within and between organizations in a number of areasof social life. Examines the impact of a specific form of informationtechnology being introduced in the field of punishment and control– the electronic monitoring of sentenced offenders. Electronicsurveillance and home imprisonment are features of the currentrestructuring of the boundaries between prison, work and family life. Itis both the physical and the cultural boundaries between "home" and"prison" that are being readjusted. Over the past 200 years these twospheres of social life have been constructed around incompatible sets ofvalues. However the complex contradictions involved in making theboundaries between these two spheres more permeable have not been fullyexplored in current penal discourses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confounding Effects of Construct Overlap:: An Example from IS User Satisfaction Theory (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Theoretical constructs serve important roles in facilitating informationand knowledge flows among, between and within information systemsresearchers and practitioners. In order for the benefits of constructsto be fully exploited, they must be appropriately applied andoperationalized. Describes a controlled field study, examining users'satisfaction with a decision support system, undertaken to point out thedangers of misapplying constructs and their measurement scales.Particular consideration is given to the risks associated with the useof general instruments in situations where more narrowly focused andcontext-specific instruments are preferred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074061
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The "Modernisation" of the Australian Taxation Office:: Issues in Participatory Design in Large Organizations (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 19-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The difficulties in designing and implementing successful technologicalsystems which support business objectives, good work practices and highquality outcomes are well known. Discusses the "modernisation" of theAustralian Taxation Office - an ambitious ten-year programme oforganizational and tech-nological change - which has its origins in theneed for re-equipment and the recognition that the new systems mustsupport the way in which the Taxation Office would work in the future.Review of the programme mid-term shows considerable success, but alsoareas where it has been difficult to achieve some of the aims. In spiteof the participatory framework, participants tend to feel thattechnology has driven the process, rather than business or workplacerequirements. In particular, some initiatives have impacted negativelyon workers, and it has been difficult to integrate the implementation ofnew systems with the design of better work practices. Recognition ofthese problems has encouraged the development of new approaches to workand systems design, and considerable further organizational andstructural change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076681
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Identification in Information Systems: Management Challenges and Public Policy Issues (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 6-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many information systems involve data about people. In order reliably toassociate data with particular individuals, it is necessary that aneffective and efficient identification scheme be established andmaintained. There is remarkably little in the information technologyliterature concerning human identification. Seeks to overcome thatdeficiency by undertaking a survey of human identity and humanidentification. Discusses techniques including names, codes,knowledge-based and token-based identification, and biometrics.Identifies the key challenge to management as being to devise a schemewhich is practicable and economic, and of sufficiently high integrity toaddress the risks the organization confronts in its dealings withpeople. Proposes that much greater use be made of schemes which aredesigned to afford people anonymity, or which enable them to usemultiple identities or pseudonyms, while at the same time protecting theorganization's own interest. Describes multi-purpose and inhabitantregistration schemes, and notes the recurrence of proposals to implementand extend them. Identifies public policy issues. Of especial concern isthe threat to personal privacy that the general-purpose use of aninhabitant registrant scheme represents. Speculates that, where suchschemes are pursued energetically, the reaction may be strong enough tothreaten the social fabric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Choice about Privacy: Intelligent Vehicle-highway Systems in the United States (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 63-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Broad coalitions of companies, governments, and research institutions inseveral countries are currently designing massive electronicinfrastructures for their roadways. Known collectively as intelligentvehicle-highway systems (IVHS), these technologies are intended to easetoll collection and commercial vehicle regulation, provide drivers withroute and traffic information, improve safety and ultimately supportfully automated vehicles. Although many aspects of IVHS are uncertain,some proposed designs require the system to collect vast amounts of dataon individuals' travel patterns, thus raising the potential for severeinvasions of privacy. To make social choices about IVHS, it is necessaryto reason about potentials for authoritarian uses of an IVHSinfrastructure in the hypothetical future. Yet such reasoning isdifficult, often veering towards Utopian or dystopian extremes. To helpanchor the privacy debate, places IVHS privacy concerns in aninstitutional context, offering conceptual frameworks to discuss thepotential interactions between IVHS technologies and the computer designprofession, standards-setting bodies, marketing organizations, the legalsystem and government administrative agencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076825
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power, Sex and Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the power-related properties of professional and organizationalsystems and considers their influence on reactions to sexual harassment.It is argued that, when the socio-cultural power model of male dominanceoperates within pluralistic/political professional and organizationalsystems, these systems can become breeding-grounds for sexual harassmentbehaviours that are tolerated rather than told on. A contrast betweencareers within systems and less systems bound jobs illustrates theinfluence of context on decisions to tell or tolerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410050962
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Career Experiences of Women in Personnel (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Sets out to look at the career experiences of women in personnel. Asurvey was undertaken of 149 women studying for examinations leading tomembership of the Institute of Personnel Management. The results showthat the issues facing women in personnel were the same as those facingother women in organizations. Women in personnel face a glass ceilingaround Personnel Officer level. In addition, however, these womenidentified that the personnel role often lacked status in organizationsand that the qualities they possessed, which had attracted them into thepersonnel profession, were not particularly valued in organizations.However, with the take-up of human resource policies and the emphasis on"people skills" women in personnel could be in a key position tocapitalize on the changing needs of organizations and play an importantrole in the process. In order to ensure that women in personnel haveequality of opportunity, there is a need for positive action from thetop of organizations, from the Institute of Personnel Management andfrom women in personnel themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410050980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women in Retail Management (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports the findings of a combined survey of 42 mixed retailers, using apostal questionnaire and personal interviews solicited from 16companies. Researchers sought information regarding the numbers of womenholding senior management positions in the responding retailers and theapproach and attitude of retail companies to the advancement of women.Results reveal no shortage of goodwill towards the provision of equalopportunities for women, with many responding companies activelypursuing policies aimed at improving the gender balance of theirworkforce. Six senior women interviewees confirmed that workingconditions in retail were a factor in the statistics, but they suggestedthat negative attitudes from staff and customers also play a part. Theisolation of lone senior women was confirmed by personal interviews, andin-company mentors were identified as a possible help in that regard.The problem of balancing a family and career remains while storemanagers are believed to be omnipresent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410057622
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cara David: A Leading Woman in Australian Education (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Very little Australian literature looks at women as leaders ineducation. Using theoretical viewpoints emerging out of a biographicaland historical analysis, it is possible to construct a more inclusivemodel of leadership which includes both men and women in the past.Mapping such a process historically and biographically can give adetailed assessment of the social, historical and political dimensionsof particular women leaders' lives and also develop a theoreticalframework, which gives equal status to the leadership experiences morecommon to women. Presents a historical narrative where recording livesraises critical questions at the same time as it unearths new evidenceof the history of women educationists in Australia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056317
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women as Strategic Decision Makers: A Reflection on Organizational Barriers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Introduces the concept of strategic decision making as a key managementrole and the lack of women's involvement in this role as a means forunderstanding the organizational barriers faced by women in moderntimes. Studies strongly suggest that the shortage of women managers instrategic decision-making positions is due to the barriers they facewithin organizations. Furthermore, that these barriers emerge as a primefactor for limiting their effectiveness. Despite the increasing numberof women working in organizations, they still remain a minority or mere"tokens" when it comes to senior or strategic decision-making positions inmost organizations. Describes some of these barriers and suggests theway forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062248
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Policies and Practices to Encourage Women Returners: A Case Study (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Presents research into the policies, practices and attitudes which wouldencourage women to return to a company following maternity leave. As abackground to the study, which was conducted on behalf of one of theUK's largest engineering organizations and in association with themanagement consultancy Interactive Skills Ltd, looks at how havingchildren affects women's careers and the attitude of organizationstoday. Concludes with a look at the importance of organizations,mothers, partners and colleagues in helping women to lead full andsuccessful careers within a company.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410069926
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dataveillance by Governments: The Technique of Computer Matching (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 46-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Computer matching is a mass surveillance technique involving thecomparison of data about many people, which have been acquired frommultiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, particularlyfinancial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results inthreats to established patterns and values. The imperatives ofefficiency and equity demand that computer matching be used, and theinformation privacy interest demands that it be used only wherejustified, and be subjected to effective controls. Provides backgroundto this important technique, including its development and applicationin the USA and in Australia, and a detailed technical description.Contends that the technique, its use, and controls over its use are veryimportant issues which demand research. Computing, telecommunicationsand robotics artefacts which have the capacity to change societyradically need to be subjected to early and careful analysis, not onlyby sociologists, lawyers and philosophers, but also by informationtechnologists themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074070
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Information Technology to Achieve Accurate Pricing in Agricultural Commodity Markets in Japan (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: At one level, the function of a marketplace is to enable sellers andbuyers to meet, to agree to terms and conditions, and effect contracts.At another level, however, a marketplace is a mechanism for ensuringthat information which might affect the terms and conditions is readilyavailable to all participants, so that the pricing for sales will not beunduly influenced by participants with special information or otheradvantages, but rather will approach the theoretical price at which themarket will settle. Information technology is increasingly being appliedto support the exchange of goods and services. It may be used simply toautomate existing practices. Alternatively, the introduction oftechnology into the market may provide an opportunity to rationalize thearrangements. In some instances, however, the implementation of IT maybe grasped as a strategic weapon, by a buyer, a seller, or by anorganization which provides marketplace services to buyers and sellers.Considers another kind of strategic use of IT in relation tomarketplaces. This is the enforcement of fairness in the setting ofprices, by drawing participants into a marketplace in which keydifferences in market power are equalized. Evaluates the outcomes of anelectronic exchange supporting trading in chilled and frozen meat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004027
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Touching Big Brother: How Biometric Technology Will Fuse Flesh and Machine (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 38-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The evolution of information technology is likely to result in intimateinterdependence between humans and technology. This fusion has beencharacterized in popular science fiction as chip implantation. It is,however, more likely to take the form of biometric identification usingsuch technologies as fingerprints, hand geometry and retina scanning.Some applications of biometric identification technology are nowcost-effective, reliable and highly accurate. As a result, biometricsystems are being developed in many countries for such purposes associal security entitlement, payments, immigration control and electionmanagement. Whether or not biometry delivers on its promise ofhigh-quality identification, it will imperil individual autonomy.Widespread application of the technologies would conflict withcontemporary values, and result in a class of outcasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076807
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Forces for Change? (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Reports a study into the way in which women on Canadian corporate boardsof directors perceived and defined their board roles andresponsibilities. Concludes that women directors are functioning aschampions for change on women's issues. Suggests ways in whichorganizations can reap benefits in terms of the interaction of womendirectors with senior-level women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410051006
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women in Management as a Strategic HR Initiative (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Proposes the concept of women-friendliness, as a measure oforganizations' receptivity to women, and explores the roles of the humanresources function in achieving it. Different human resources managementstrategies are linked to the role, prestige and attitudes of the HRfunction, to the attitude of the organization's CEO towards women'sissues, and to the institutionalization of the HRM strategy. Proposes anagenda for research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410057631
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Women, Decision Making and Academia: An Unholy Alliance (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Considers the role of women within academia and outlines theirexperience of decision making within this context. Outlines thesignificant results of a study on female academics within one instituteof higher education. In particular, women are found to experience anexclusion from informal networks and a consequent lack of access toreal-time information via the grapevine. They also perceive themselvesto have less influence on organizational decision making than their malecounterparts and suffer from a greater feeling of intimidation ofauthority, finding it difficult to make themselves heard indecision-making meetings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056290
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics:: An International Perspective (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Examines the incidence of sex role stereotyping and the relevance ofselection and socialization in attitude formation among business andnon-business students. Compares findings to similar research undertakenin the United States, Great Britain and (the former) West Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062211
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lending Practices and Canadian Women in Micro-based Businesses (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Investigates the lending needs of the self-employed and of micro-basedbusinesses. Describes the lack of coherence between the evaluativecriteria used in traditional lending models and the needs of businessowners. Findings suggest that the standard "5 C" model for assessing theviability of loan applications does not meet the needs of the presentbusiness environment. Women business owners may be at a disadvantagewhen applying for a business loan as the supposedly "objective" criteriaare applied in a "subjective" manner to the detriment of femaleentrepreneurs. Presents information on the characteristics of micro-loanprogrammes and proposes a market approach to micro-loan practices thatis better adapted to changing finance opportunities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410066992
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addressing Gender Issues in Management Education: An Australian Initiative (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: In 1992 the Australian Federal Government established an Industry TaskForce on Leadership and Management Skills to make recommendations forimproving the skills of managers. The task force commissioned theproduction of a core MBA curriculum unit on Effective Organizations:Gender Issues in Management. Although gender stereotyping has nottraditionally been considered as a strategic business issue within MBAprogrammes, this topic was considered a critical component of thedevelopment of leadership and management skills, and a fundamentalelement in the drive towards greater organizational effectiveness. Indeveloping the unit, the researchers identified both a reluctance andlack of preparedness on the part of both academics and industrymanagement to deal with these issues. The resulting package thereforerecognizes the sensitivities associated with the subject, and thedifficulties of addressing gender issues in management. It also offers arange of delivery options, and has potential for uptake in countriesother than Australia. Briefly describes the origins, focus and contentof the package produced for the task force in 1994, and discusses theimplications of the material for the career development of womenmanagers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410070249
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managerial Sex Role Stereotyping among Academic Staff within UK Business Schools (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The growth of women in management positions has largely been at juniorlevels. This has been particularly so within the education sector, wherethe growth in the number of women employed has had little impact on theproportion of women in senior positions. One explanation for the lack ofwomen in senior management positions has been the male stereotyping ofthe manager role. Reports on a survey, using the Schein DescriptiveIndex, which was carried out among academics in 19 UK business schoolsor management departments of the new universities which showed differentpatterns of stereotyping from that found among managers in otherorganizations. Male academics at lower levels did not stereotype themanager role at all, but those in senior positions stereotyped themanager role as male. Among the female academics the results showed noassociation between the characteristics of successful managers and thoseof women in general, but some association between the characteristics ofmanagers and men in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056308
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managers in Cartoons - They are Still Men in the (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 20-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: A number of articles have appeared in the Harvard Business Review(HBR) in recent years in which reference is made to the traditional viewthat male = manager, and how this has worked against women makinginroads into senior management positions. The HBR often interspersescartoons among the articles - cartoons which appear to perpetuate themale-as-manager norm. The results of a content analysis of the cartoonsappearing in the HBR over the five-year period, 1988-1992 are presented.The content analysis suggests women appear as marginal players in thecartoon images of the organizational world. Not only do women appear insubstantially fewer cartoons than men, there is also a wide divergencein how men and women are portrayed. The most common representations ofwomen are as wife or secretary, although there is the occasional nurse,air hostess and fortune-teller! The images of men, however, areoverwhelmingly associated with paid work. The images of women and menportrayed in the HBR perpetuate and reinforce the expectation that"male = manager". It may be that such cartoons can be considered trivialon their own, but cumulatively they can play a powerful role in definingthe "appropriate" person for the manager's job.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062239
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mentoring among Female Executives (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Female executives in the USA were surveyed to determine characteristicsof and interactions of mentors and protégés. Questions focus onpreparation for roles, selection process, gender issues, relationship ofmentor/protégé, number of mentors each protégé has had, benefits to careers,and other relationships derived from mentoring. Major findings are thatan individual who has been a protégé is more willing to become a mentor;that an individual who has had a mentor is more willing to entersubsequent mentoring relationships; and that more women are mentorstoday as compared with the number of women mentors ten years ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410069935
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender, Diversity and Working Styles (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Presents evidence from a research study into the impact of gender onmanagement styles, using repertory grid as a methodology. Generalizeddifferences were identified in the approaches of women and men todefinition of the job, overall style, decision making and interpersonalrelationships. Men had greater visibility to other men, while a broaderinsight was offered by women interviewees into the women managers'approaches. In the context of patriarchal power relations, in whichmasculinity is defined as opposite and superior to femininity, feminineworking styles are perceived as less effective in organizations, whilemasculine attributes tend to be regarded as normatively the way tomanage. Such values can imbue recruitment, selection and developmentpractices with gender bias. Recent management and leadership theory hasadvocated the value of a people-centred approach, which traditionallyand stereotypically has been associated with women. This might appear toopen up opportunity for women. Concludes that there is a need to bealert to a redefinition of patriarchal relations as men seek to maintainstatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410050971
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    Women in Non-traditional Occupations: The Construction Industry (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Discusses a recently completed research project on women in constructionmanagement occupations. Focuses on the issues generated by the researchand main conclusions. The methodology is briefly discussed and thesequence of the investigation outlined. Presents the problem of theunder-representation of women in the construction industry withstatistical evidence. Issues raised include the image of theconstruction industry, knowledge as a determinant of career choice andorganizational culture. States conclusions and implications forpractice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000003989
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    Mentoring and Networking for Women Educators (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 4-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: The importance of mentoring and networking for women in management andadministration has been identified in recent articles in Women inManagement Review. Contributes to the growing body of literature in thisarea by examining some of the different sources of mentoring and kindsof networks available to women educators who are aspiring to highereducational administration posts in Australian Government schools.Argues that it is much easier for male teachers and male educationaladministrators to access power through mentoring and networking than itis for female teachers and female educational administrators becausementoring and networking have both been traditionally male dominatedpractices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410056281
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    Where to from Here? Women in Management: The Cultural Dilemma (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: There is growing evidence in Australia that cultural factors are thefinal impediment to women's progress into senior management. Examinesthe "cultural dilemma" that women managers present from organizational,managerial and personal perspectives. It is felt that women can assisttheir situation by altering their mode of operation from a "victim"mentality to one of a "power" mentality: by making up their minds whetherthey want to "share" power or get the male managerial culture to"yield" power; by making a concerted effort to close the nexus on theeconomic front; by educating chief executive officers as to imperativefor cultural change; and by both using and supporting various governmentagencies and Equal Employment Opportunity Officers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062202
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    Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: Views of Canadian Chief Executive Officers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Highlights the historical set-up of Canadian boards of directors, whyand how women were first appointed to corporate boards. Examines factorsrelated to women serving on corporate boards, detailing advantages andbarriers to the appointments. Reports on a survey of Canadian ChiefExecutive Officers (CEOs) which considers factors related to theappointment of women to corporate boards. Results indicated the CEOs'opinions on, for example, how important a variety of qualifications isto the appointment of female directors; the women with difficulties infinding women with these qualifications; preferred candidate profiles;issues which would benefit from a female perspective; effects of womenon boards and companies; and the question of why there are not morewomen directors. Finally, with the survey as a background, looks at whythere are so few women on the boards of directors of Canadian privatesector organizations; and the future prospects of women as boardmembers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410066974
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    From Hierarchy to Unity between Men and Women Managers: Towards an Androgynous Style of Management (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: As the workforce evolves in the twenty-first century, more women areentering higher-level management positions. The traditional hierarchicalstructure associated with male-dominated management ranks is inadequateto accommodate properly this trend. Looks at alternative managementstructure theories which support the view of a genderless managementstructure. Recommends that managers should begin to adopt an androgynousstyle which will not only foster a blend of so-called masculine andfeminine behaviours, but also lead to better managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410069944
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    Programmed Innovation? Trajectories of Change in Software Development (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 25-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Explores the idea of trajectories of innovation in software development.Patterns of Innovation are analysed within social and institutionalcontexts, and within the context of changes in the ways computertechnology is used. Three main trajectories of innvation in softwaredevelopment are discussed: technical change (e.g. languages, techniques,tools, methods); organizational and managerial change; andcommodification (the substitution of packaged products for customdevelopment). Sub-trajectories are also described. Concludes that thescope and heterogeneity of software development activity has supportedthe formation of a number of different and competing trajectories whichlead to quite different conclusions about the future of softwaredevelopment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074016
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    Promoting Health and Welfare: The Challenge for Information Technology?: A Strategic Agenda for Enabling Disabled People (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 81-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The question of how to enable disabled and disadvantaged people viainformation technology (IT) represents one of the challenges facing mostdeveloping countries in the coming decade. Examines the feasibility of,and argues for, an approach to health and welfare promotion centred onthe enabling potential of IT. Describes the contextual specificity ofthe Asian (which is a highly differentiated) experience in state welfareand health provision. Based on some comparative findings and projectedscenarios in East Asian countries, explores the challenge andopportunity for IT in this enabling process. The IT-based promotionalstrategies are outlined and discussed; it is argued that theeffectiveness of IT applications in this process is contingent on thevariables embedded in the technology--the risks associated withtechnological development as well as the underlying socio-politicalstructure. Ends with remarks on the role of IT in global welfare andhealth promotion in the 1990s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074043
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    Boundaries and Quandaries: Establishing a Professional Context for IT (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 48-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: The professionalization of IT has long been complicated by disagreementover the appropriate model to employ. Physicians, lawyers, scientists,engineers, artisans, and artists have all one been invoked at one timeor another by one group or another as guiding examples for thedevelopment of an IT profession. Yet none of these has proved fullyconvincing. Discusses the different kinds of professional practice whichhave been likened to IT, considers why it has proved so difficult tosettle on a single one, and suggests an alternative way ofconceptualizing IT practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074025
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    Running the Network: Supporting Co-operative Systems (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 7-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Commercial software systems intended to support the work of groups arenow freely available. However, uptake of these systems has beenrelatively poor and limited user experience has been reported. Presentssome experiences from a study of a network that explicitly aims toinvestigate the effectiveness of computer-supported co-operative work(CSCW) tools. Focuses on the currently hidden cost of managing thenetwork. Also explores the implications for CSCW systems development byoutlining an exploration of support for the management of a CSCWnetwork.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410074052
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    Networked Information Resources:: Electronic Opportunities for Users and Librarians (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 5-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Many of the activities people perform with the Internet are new, andpossibly could not have been conceived before the network becameavailable. Describes innovative uses of the Internet by staff of twoAustralian universities. While the Internet provides opportunities forcommunication among its users, it poses challenges to the computing andinformation systems professionals who support them. It also presentslibrarians with the opportunity to apply their established skills aseducators, information managers, custodians, information providers, andchange agents in their work with Internet users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076672
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    The Use of NUDIST, a Computerized Analytical Tool, to Support Qualitative Information Systems Research (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 50-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Discusses the use of software tools to support qualitative informationsystems research, and provides a practical example of how one tool,NUDIST, was used in a recent empirical study. Argues that greatestbenefit can be gained from software tools when their use is based onsound theory of qualitative research. The analysis for the study wasbuilt on the concept of grounded theory, which was developed in 1967 andextended in 1984. Describes the processes involved in the particularresearch, and the way NUDIST was used to support these processes. Aimsto illustrate how tools like NUDIST enhance the researcher'scapabilities, and allow much deeper, and more reflective analysis of thequalitative material generated by the research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076708
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    The Realizability of the Potential Benefits of Intelligent Vehicle-highway Systems: The Influence of Public Acceptance (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 7 (1994), S. 48-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) combine computing, sensorsand telecom-munications to deliver a more effective road/vehicle systemfor freight and passenger vehicles. Many of these technologies involvesurveillance of the location and behaviour of identified vehicles and/orpeople, and the collation of such data for further use. These and otheraspects of IVHS technologies raise concerns among the community, andhave delayed the adoption of some systems. Outlines IVHS systems, andconsiders strategies for their introduction. The ownership and use ofdata collected in the course of IVHS operations is shown to presentopportunities relating to revenue-collection and law-enforcement, on theone hand, and public acceptability problems, on the other. There aregrowing links with large-scale data transmission facilities such as theUS National Information Initiative (NII) and the equivalent massiveinteractive data networks developing elsewhere. Major errors in theimplementation of early elements of IVHS may make it extremely difficultto deploy further elements. Argues that adoption of a number ofprinciples could safeguard the potential benefits at an acceptablesocial cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09593849410076816
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    Australian Women in Banking: Still the "Reserve Army"? (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Women came into the Australian banking industry to "fill in" for men andwere left in lower grade, non-career jobs on their return. For themajority of women, little has changed with respect to their status inthe industry. They outnumber men in lower level clerical grades andperform the bulk of part-time work. Very few women remain in theindustry for a significant length of time, contributing to theirunder-representation in management. Managers and women themselves needto be aware of the structural, attitudinal, and social barriers whicheffectively disadvantage full-time and part-time women in the branchbanking system so that affirmative action programmes can be correctlyfocused. Makes a number of recommendations to address these problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410050999
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    The Problematic Nature of Dress for Women Managers (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Argues that dress is not a straightforward issue for women managerstoday. It is problematic on a number of different levels. Women receivemany messages via the media concerning the importance of theirappearance and presentation. The "dressing for success" slogan isproblematic as it infers that success is as easy as donning well-cutclothes. Contends that this argument trivializes the difficulties womenmanagers face when they wish to break the glass ceiling. Highlights theargument that women managers confront a number of dilemmas as they tryto maintain a "feminine" but "businesslike" presentation, as well as an"individual" yet socially appropriate style.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410057640
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    The Export Orientation of Canadian Female Entrepreneurs in New Brunswick (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Women in management review 9 (1994), S. 20-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0964-9425
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Compares exporting and non-exporting female entrepreneurs regardingtheir information about export markets, their perceptions of theusefulness of export market information and the helpfulness ofgovernment export stimulation programmes. Identifies the formats whichwomen entrepreneurs believe to be most helpful in obtaining informationabout exporting their products and services. Results suggest that, inNew Brunswick, the majority of female entrepreneurs do not export theirproducts and services. Furthermore, they do not plan to enter the exportmarket in the future. Their businesses, are for the most part, small,non-technology-based, labour intensive, or cottage-craft industries.They are relatively new, with few employees, and have low annual salesrevenues. However, they also have low overhead expenses and the ownershave the freedom to co-ordinate their business activities around theirfamily life and responsibilities. These findings suggest that, ratherthan export stimulation programmes, the majority of female entrepreneursin New Brunswick are more interested in and would benefit more, at thistime, from product or service quality improvement programmes. They wantto learn more about the characteristics of their local domestic marketin order to penetrate those markets further. Likewise, most female-owned(non-exporting) businesses in New Brunswick need to be brought to alevel of "export readiness". Finally, those few female entrepreneurs whoare exporting need access to market intelligence, information on how toimprove their exporting strategies and tactics, and on how to maintainthe competitive edge in world markets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410067009
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