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  • Articles  (1,337)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (654)
  • Animals  (456)
  • Physical Chemistry  (227)
  • 1990-1994  (1,337)
  • 1992  (1,337)
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  • Articles  (1,337)
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  • 1990-1994  (1,337)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: The fluorescent dyes FM1-43 and RH414 label motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling. This allows optical monitoring of vesicle recycling in living nerve terminals to determine how recycled vesicles reenter the vesicle pool. The results suggest that recycled vesicles mix with the pool morphologically and functionally. One complete cycle of release of transmitter, recycling of a vesicle, and rerelease of transmitter appears to take about 1 minute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Betz, W J -- Bewick, G S -- NS10207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23466/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):200-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials ; Fluorescent Dyes ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Pyridinium Compounds ; *Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Ranidae ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1992-07-03
    Description: Osteoclasts, the cells that resorb bone, develop from hematopoietic precursors of the bone marrow under the control of factors produced in their microenvironment. The cytokine interleukin-6 can promote hematopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis. Interleukin-6 production by bone and marrow stromal cells is suppressed by 17 beta-estradiol in vitro. In mice, estrogen loss (ovariectomy) increased the number of colony-forming units for granulocytes and macrophages, enhanced osteoclast development in ex vivo cultures of marrow, and increased the number of osteoclasts in trabecular bone. These changes were prevented by 17 beta-estradiol or an antibody to interleukin-6. Thus, estrogen loss results in an interleukin-6-mediated stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, which suggests a mechanism for the increased bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jilka, R L -- Hangoc, G -- Girasole, G -- Passeri, G -- Williams, D C -- Abrams, J S -- Boyce, B -- Broxmeyer, H -- Manolagas, S C -- AI21761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR41313/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA36464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-6/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Osteoclasts/*cytology/drug effects ; *Ovariectomy ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Spleen/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dietary Proteins ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; South America ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-01-24
    Description: Synaptic plasticity can be triggered by calcium flux into neurons through synaptically activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels. The amplitude and time course of the resulting intracellular calcium transient depend on the number of open NMDA receptor channels and the kinetics of their activation. Short applications of L-glutamate to outside-out patches from hippocampal neurons in the presence and absence of MK-801 revealed that about 30 percent of L-glutamate-bound channels are open at the peak of the current. This high probability of opening suggests that very few channels are required to guarantee a large, localized postsynaptic calcium transient.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jahr, C E -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 24;255(5043):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute L474, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Glutamates/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-07-24
    Description: In response to visual stimulation, cells of the cat visual cortex fire rhythmically at frequencies between 30 and 60 hertz. This rhythmic firing can be synchronized among cells in widespread areas of the visual cortex. The visual stimulus conditions under which this process occurs suggest that the synchronization may contribute to the integration of information across broadly displaced parts of the visual field. An intricate mechanism must control the regularity of firing and its synchronization. In vivo whole-cell patch recordings from cells in area 17 have now shown that robust oscillations of membrane potential underlie the regularity of firing seen extracellularly. In the cells studied, the characteristics of the oscillations of membrane potential suggest that such oscillations are produced by rhythmic activity in synaptic inputs. These rhythmic synaptic inputs form the most likely mechanism for the synchronization of activity in neighboring cortical cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jagadeesh, B -- Gray, C M -- Ferster, D -- R01 EY04726/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R29 EY08686/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):552-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Membrane Potentials ; Photic Stimulation ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Fields
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1992-10-09
    Description: During early development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, young neurons migrate outward from the site of their final mitosis in the ventricular zone into the cortical plate, where they form the adult cortex. Time-lapse confocal microscopy was used to observe directly the dynamic behaviors of migrating cells in living slices of developing cortex. The majority of cells migrated along a radial pathway, consistent with the view that cortical neurons migrate along radial glial fibers. A fraction of cells, however, turned within the intermediate zone and migrated orthogonal to the radial fibers. This orthogonal migration may contribute to the tangential dispersion of clonally related cortical neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Rourke, N A -- Dailey, M E -- Smith, S J -- McConnell, S K -- EY06314/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS09027/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28587/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):299-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carbocyanines ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kinetics ; Lasers ; Microscopy ; Neurons/*physiology ; Vimentin/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: A cell-free system has been developed that executes centriole duplication. Surf clam (Spisula solidissima) oocytes, arrested at late prophase of meiosis I, do not contain centrioles, centrosomes, or asters. Serial section high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) of asters and spindles isolated from potassium chloride-activated oocytes indicates that within 4 minutes oocytes assemble a single centriole that is duplicated by 15 minutes when assembly of the first meiotic spindle is complete. A mixture of lysates from unactivated oocytes and potassium chloride-activated oocytes induces centriole formation and duplication. Astral microtubule content in these lysate mixtures increases with time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palazzo, R E -- Vaisberg, E -- Cole, R W -- Rieder, C L -- R01-40198/PHS HHS/ -- R01-43264/PHS HHS/ -- RR 01219/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1566068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia ; Cell-Free System ; Centrioles/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Meiosis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oocytes/cytology/*ultrastructure ; Prophase ; Tubulin/analysis
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: Diacylglycerols, which are generated during phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids, stimulated actin polymerization in the presence of highly purified plasma membranes from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The increased rate of actin polymerization apparently resulted from de novo formation of actin nucleation sites rather than uncapping of existing filament ends, because the membranes lacked detectable endogenous actin. The increased actin nucleation was mediated by a peripheral membrane component other than protein kinase C, the classical target of diacylglycerol action. These results indicate that diacylglycerols increase actin nucleation at plasma membranes and suggest a mechanism whereby signal transduction pathways may control cytoskeletal assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shariff, A -- Luna, E J -- GM-33048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology Group, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shresbury, MA 01545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1373523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dictyostelium/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Naphthalenes ; Polycyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors ; Staurosporine ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: Hypoxia has been shown to elicit behavioral hypothermia in a number of different metazoan species, all with nervous systems. The protozoan, Paramecium caudatum, has no nervous system and was not expected to display behavioral hypothermia. However, this species was also found to select a lower temperature in a thermal gradient under hypoxic conditions. This response proved to be beneficial as survival of hypoxic paramecia was greatly increased at lower temperatures. This unicellular species may provide a useful model to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of adaptive thermoregulatory behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malvin, G M -- Wood, S C -- HL-38942/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-40537/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxygen Transport Program, Lovelace Medical Foundation, Albuquerque, NM 87108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1542790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Oxygen/physiology ; Paramecium/*physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: The corpse of a Late Neolithic individual found in a glacier in Oetztal is unusual because of the intact nature of all body parts that resulted from the characteristics of its mummification process and its protected geographical position with regard to glacier flow. Anthropological data indicate that the man was 25 to 40 years old, was between 156 and 160 centimeters in stature, had a cranial capacity of between 1500 and 1560 cubic centimeters, and likely died of exhaustion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidler, H -- Bernhard, W -- Teschler-Nicola, M -- Platzer, W -- zur Nedden, D -- Henn, R -- Oberhauser, A -- Sjovold, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Humanbiologie, Universitat Wien, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Austria ; Ear/anatomy & histology ; Freezing ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; *Mummies ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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