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  • Models, Biological
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (20)
  • EMBO Press
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (20)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1992  (20)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (20)
  • EMBO Press
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (20)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
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    Cerebral cortical mechanisms of reaching movements (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-20
    Description: Because reaching movements have a clear objective--to bring the hand to the spatial location of an object--they are well suited to study how the central nervous system plans a purposeful act from sensory input to motor output. Most models of movement planning propose a serial hierarchy of analytic steps. However, the central nervous system is organized into densely interconnected populations of neurons. This paradox between the apparent serial order of central nervous system function and its complex internal organization is strikingly demonstrated by recent behavioral, modeling, and neurophysiological studies of reaching movements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalaska, J F -- Crammond, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 20;255(5051):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Physiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Movement/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Activation of transcription by IFN-gamma: tyrosine phosphorylation of a 91-kD DNA binding protein (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-21
    Description: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the transcription of the gene encoding a guanylate binding protein by activating a latent cytoplasmic factor, GAF (gamma-activated factor). GAF is translocated to the nucleus and binds a DNA element, the gamma-activated site. Through cross-linking and the use of specific antibodies GAF was found to be a 91-kilodalton DNA binding protein that was previously identified as one of four proteins in interferon-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF-3), a transcription complex activated by IFN-alpha. The IFN-gamma-dependent activation of the 91-kilodalton DNA binding protein required cytoplasmic phosphorylation of the protein on tyrosine. The 113-kilodalton ISGF-3 protein that is phosphorylated in response to IFN-alpha was not phosphorylated nor translocated to the nucleus in response to IFN-gamma. Thus the two different ligands result in tyrosine phosphorylation of different combinations of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that then act at different DNA binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuai, K -- Schindler, C -- Prezioso, V R -- Darnell, J E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1808-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; *Trans-Activators ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    The elongation-termination decision in transcription (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-14
    Description: At any template position, the decision to extend the transcript by one residue or to release the nascent RNA represents a kinetic competition between elongation and termination pathways. This competition is discussed in terms of alternative Eyring transition state barriers; changes in termination efficiency correspond to small changes in the relative heights of these barriers. Elongation complexes are stable at nonterminator positions; a model is presented to explain the destabilization of these complexes at intrinsic termination sites. Functionally analogous effects can operate at rho-dependent terminators. Mechanisms for modulation of termination efficiency by regulatory proteins are described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Hippel, P H -- Yager, T D -- GM-15792/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-29158/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):809-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1536005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activation Analysis ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Models, Biological ; Models, Structural ; Templates, Genetic ; Thermodynamics ; Transcription, Genetic/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    GAP domains responsible for ras p21-dependent inhibition of muscarinic atrial K+ channel currents (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: The interaction between the low molecular weight G protein ras p21 and a guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (GAP) uncouples a heterotrimeric G protein (Gk) from muscarinic receptors. Through the use of isolated atrial cell membranes and genetically engineered GAP deletion mutants, the src homology regions (SH2-SH3) at the amino terminus of GAP have been identified as the domains responsible for this effect. Deletion of the domain required to stimulate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of ras p21 relieves the requirement for ras p21 in this system. A model is presented that suggests that ras p21 induces a conformational change in GAP, which allows the SH2-SH3 regions of GAP to function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, G A -- Yatani, A -- Clark, R -- Conroy, L -- Polakis, P -- Brown, A M -- McCormick, F -- CA51992-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL36930/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Baculoviridae ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Atria ; Models, Biological ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects/*physiology ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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  • 5
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    Deactivation of visual transduction without guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis by G protein (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-28
    Description: G proteins couple receptors to their target enzymes in many signal transduction cascades. It has generally been thought that deactivation of such cascades cannot occur without the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by G protein. This requirement has now been reexamined in both vertebrate and invertebrate phototransduction. Results indicate that GTP hydrolysis is not required for deactivation. Evidence is presented for an alternative model in which the target enzyme is deactivated by an inhibitory factor that is available even when GTP hydrolysis is blocked.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erickson, M A -- Robinson, P -- Lisman, J -- EY 01496/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1255-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bufo marinus ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*physiology ; Horseshoe Crabs ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Biological ; Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Taking a direct path to the genes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):744-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1386685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/*physiology ; Receptors, Interferon ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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  • 7
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    Fast perceptual learning in visual hyperacuity (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-15
    Description: In many different spatial discrimination tasks, such as in determining the sign of the offset in a vernier stimulus, the human visual system exhibits hyperacuity by evaluating spatial relations with the precision of a fraction of a photoreceptor's diameter. It is proposed that this impressive performance depends in part on a fast learning process that uses relatively few examples and that occurs at an early processing stage in the visual pathway. This hypothesis is given support by the demonstration that it is possible to synthesize, from a small number of examples of a given task, a simple network that attains the required performance level. Psychophysical experiments agree with some of the key predictions of the model. In particular, fast stimulus-specific learning is found to take place in the human visual system, and this learning does not transfer between two slightly different hyperacuity tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poggio, T -- Fahle, M -- Edelman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):1018-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Visual Acuity/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 8
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    A low-fat theory of anesthesia (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics/pharmacology ; Humans ; Membrane Lipids/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Models, Biological
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  • 9
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    Supercomputers image the body in three dimensions (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉May, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):747.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Simulation ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Mechanism of transduction by retroviruses (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-14
    Description: Retroviruses can capture cellular sequences and express them as oncogenes. Capture has been proposed to be a consequence of the inefficiency of polyadenylation of the viral genome that allows the packaging of cellular sequences flanking the integrated provirus in virions; after transfer into virions, these sequences could be incorporated into the viral genome by illegitimate recombination during reverse transcription. As a test for this hypothesis, a tissue culture system was developed that mimics the transduction process and allows the analysis and quantitation of capture events in a single step. In this model, transduction of sequences adjacent to a provirus depends on the formation of readthrough transcripts and their transmission in virions and leads to various recombinant structures whose formation is independent of sequence similarity at the crossover site. Thus, all events in the transduction process can be attributed to the action of reverse transcriptase on readthrough transcripts without involving deletions of cellular DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swain, A -- Coffin, J M -- R35 CA 44385/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):841-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Boston, MA 02111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1371365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Chromosome Mapping ; Culture Techniques ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA/analysis ; RNA Probes ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transduction, Genetic/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Malignant hyperthermia (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: In humans genetically predisposed to malignant hyperthermia, anesthesia can induce skeletal muscle rigidity, hypermetabolism, and high fever, which, if not immediately reversed, can lead to tissue damage or death. The corresponding condition in swine leads to stress-induced deaths and devalued meat products. Abnormalities in the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor) have been implicated in the cause of both the porcine and human syndromes by physiological and biochemical studies and genetic linkage analysis. In swine, a single founder mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) can account for all cases of malignant hyperthermia in all breeds, but a series of different RYR1 mutations are likely to be uncovered in human families with MH. Moreover, lack of linkage between malignant hyperthermia and RYR1 in some families indicates a heterogeneous genetic basis for the human syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLennan, D H -- Phillips, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):789-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting & Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Malignant Hyperthermia/*genetics/physiopathology/veterinary ; Models, Biological ; Muscles/physiology/*physiopathology ; *Mutation ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*genetics ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/physiology ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Mounting a targeted strike on unwanted immune responses (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):751.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1323142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Transplantation Immunology
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  • 13
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    Determining what immune cells see (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 31;255(5044):531-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1736356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Endoplasmic Reticulum/immunology ; HLA Antigens/*immunology ; HLA-D Antigens/physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology ; Humans ; *Immunity ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Viruses launch their own 'star wars' (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1334571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/*biosynthesis ; Models, Biological ; Poxviridae/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Viruses/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity
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  • 15
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    Experiencing and perceiving visual surfaces (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-04
    Description: A theoretical framework is proposed to understand binocular visual surface perception based on the idea of a mobile observer sampling images from random vantage points in space. Application of the generic sampling principle indicates that the visual system acts as if it were viewing surface layouts from generic not accidental vantage points. Through the observer's experience of optical sampling, which can be characterized geometrically, the visual system makes associative connections between images and surfaces, passively internalizing the conditional probabilities of image sampling from surfaces. This in turn enables the visual system to determine which surface a given image most strongly indicates. Thus, visual surface perception can be considered as inverse ecological optics based on learning through ecological optics. As such, it is formally equivalent to a degenerate form of Bayesian inference where prior probabilities are neglected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakayama, K -- Shimojo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1357-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Depth Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Optics and Photonics ; Vision, Binocular/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 16
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    Specification of subunit assembly by the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain of the Shaker potassium channel (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-28
    Description: The functional heterogeneity of potassium channels in eukaryotic cells arises not only from the multiple potassium channel genes and splice variants but also from the combinatorial mixing of different potassium channel polypeptides to form heteromultimeric channels with distinct properties. One structural element that determines the compatibility of different potassium channel polypeptides in subunit assembly has now been localized to the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain. A Drosophila Shaker B (ShB) potassium channel truncated polypeptide that contains only the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain can form a homomultimer; the minimal requirement for the homophilic interaction has been localized to a fragment of 114 amino acids. Substitution of the amino-terminal domain of a distantly related mammalian potassium channel polypeptide (DRK1) with that of ShB permits the chimeric DRK1 polypeptide to coassemble with ShB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, M -- Jan, Y N -- Jan, L Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1225-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aplysia ; Baculoviridae ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Drosophila ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Genes/*genetics ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*genetics/physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium/pharmacokinetics ; Potassium Channels/*chemistry/drug effects/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    How cells get their actin together (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):177-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1314422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Dictyostelium/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    On the molecular genetics of retinitis pigmentosa (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-08
    Description: The human retina carries specialized neurons, the rod and cone photoreceptors, which absorb and transduce light energy and transmit impulses through the optic nerve to the brain. The most prevalent group of inherited retinopathies, affecting approximately 1.5 million people, is collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Mutations responsible for RP have now been found in two genes encoding transmembrane proteins of the rod photoreceptor outer segment disc, and a number of additional causative genes have been localized. It is likely that characterization of the majority of such genes over the next few years will lead to a substantial elucidation of the molecular pathology of this debilitating group of hereditary conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, P -- Kenna, P -- Farrar, G J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 8;256(5058):804-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics/physiopathology ; Rhodopsin/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; *X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Oxidized redox state of glutathione in the endoplasmic reticulum (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The redox state of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was measured with the peptide N-Acetyl-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Cys-NH2. The peptide diffused across cellular membranes; some became glycosylated and thus trapped within the secretory pathway, and its cysteine residue underwent reversible thiol-disulfide exchanges with the surrounding redox buffer. Glycosylated peptides from cells were disulfide-linked to glutathione, indicating that glutathione is the major redox buffer in the secretory pathway. The redox state of the secretory pathway was more oxidative than that of the cytosol; the ratio of reduced glutathione to the disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) within the secretory pathway ranged from 1:1 to 3:1, whereas the overall cellular GSH/GSSG ratio ranged from 30:1 to 100:1. Cytosolic glutathione was also transported into the lumen of microsomes in a cell-free system. Although how the ER maintains an oxidative environment is not known, these results suggest that the demonstrated preferential transport of GSSG compared to GSH into the ER lumen may contribute to this redox compartmentation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, C -- Sinskey, A J -- Lodish, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1496-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1523409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Dogs ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Glutathione/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Glutathione Disulfide ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pancreas/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-17
    Description: The interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a transcriptional activator, contains three proteins, termed ISGF3 alpha proteins, that reside in the cell cytoplasm until they are activated in response to IFN-alpha. Treatment of cells with IFN-alpha caused these three proteins to be phosphorylated on tyrosine and to translocate to the cell nucleus where they stimulate transcription through binding to IFN-alpha-stimulated response elements in DNA. IFN-gamma, which activates transcription through a different receptor and different DNA binding sites, also caused tyrosine phosphorylation of one of these proteins. The ISGF3 alpha proteins may be substrates for one or more kinases activated by ligand binding to the cell surface and may link occupation of a specific polypeptide receptor with activation of transcription of a set of specific genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schindler, C -- Shuai, K -- Prezioso, V R -- Darnell, J E Jr -- AI32489/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM07982-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):809-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, alpha Subunit ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Methionine/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphopeptides/isolation & purification ; Phosphorylation ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Tyrosine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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