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  • Articles  (1,848)
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  • Springer  (1,299)
  • American Institute of Physics  (549)
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  • 1990-1994  (1,848)
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  • 1991  (1,848)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (1,848)
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  • Articles  (1,848)
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  • 1990-1994  (1,848)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A quarterly journal devoted to increasing the understanding of nonlinear phenomena and describing the manifestations in a manner comprehensible to researchers from a broad spectrum of disciplines
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://chaos.aip.org/
    URL: http://ojps.aip.org/chaos/
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?1472677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some results on sensitivity of general input-output systems (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 71-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We consider general input-output systems, which need not be of a feedback type, that are governed by nonlinear operator equations which relate the input, state, and output. Assuming that these equations depend on a parameterA which is allowed to vary in a neighborhood of a “nominal value”A 0 , we study the dependence of the output onA when the input is fixed. Essentially, we call a system insensitive if the output depends continuously onA. Two insensitivity concepts are introduced, and it is shown that certain monotonicity-like conditions ensure insensitivity. Also, several particular cases of the governing equations are studied. As examples, a control system described by a singular system of ordinary differential equations and a nonlinear feedback system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183241
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On limit cycles inn-order direct-form digital filters (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the elements in the vector of any limit cycle due to rounding in ann-order direct-form digital filter is established. Some bounds on the elements in such vectors are also determined. Sufficient conditions for the accessibility of period-r limit cycles due to rounding inn-order digital filters are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183768
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direction-of-arrival estimation in applications with multipath and few snapshots (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 327-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes two direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms used in the presence of multipath propagation and with very few snapshots. The conditional maximum likelihood (CML) algorithm and the method of direction estimation (MODE) are discussed. The estimates provided by these algorithms are shown to coincide for large number of snapshots or large signal-to-noise ratio. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the algorithms to yield unique estimates. It is shown that their uniqueness conditions coincide with the minimal uniqueness condition on the array, that is independent of the algorithm used (if the array does not satisfy this minimal condition, no DOA estimation method can give unique estimates). Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the theoretical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robust stability and senstivity of input-output systems over extended spaces (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 361-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In Part I of this paper we consider a general model of an input-output system governed by nonlinear operator equations that relate the system's input, state, and output, all of which are elements in extended spaces. This model encompasses feedback systems as a special case. Assuming that the equations governing the system depend on a parameterA that is allowed to vary in a neighborhoodN r (A 0) of a nominal valueA 0 in a linear space, we study conditions under which the system is stable for everyA ε Nr(A0), i.e., when the system exhibits robust stability. By stability we essentially mean that the input-output operator is continuous. Depending on the type of continuity of a map between two extended spaces, four concepts of robustness are introduced. The main results, Theorems 1 and 2, furnish sufficient conditions for a system to be robust in the respective sense. Basically, they show that if the nominal system satisfies a certain condition guaranteeing its stability, and the operators appearing in the governing equations depend continuously on the parameterA, then we have robust stability. As examples illustrating the applications of our results we discuss (1) a feedback-feedforward system, in particular the case when the extended space consists of locally square-integrable functions or functions continuous on [0, ∞), and (2) a time-varying dynamical system described by a linear vector differential equation, whose variables are continuous functions on [0, ∞) which decrease exponentially to zero ast → ∞. At the end of the paper some modifications of the presented theory are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187551
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Higher-order statistics-based input/output system identification and application to noise cancellation (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 485-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Higher-than-second-order statistics-based input/output identification algorithms are proposed for linear and nonlinear system identification. The higher-than-second-order cumulant-based linear identification algorithm is shown to be insensitive to contamination of the input data by a general class of noise including additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance, unlike its second-order counterpart. The nonlinear identification is at least as optimal as any linear identification scheme. Recursive-least-squares-type algorithms are derived for linear/nonlinear adaptive identification. As applications, the problems of adaptive noise cancellation and time-delay estimation are discussed and simulated. Consistency of the adaptive estimator is shown. Simulations are performed and compared with the second-order design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194885
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Well-posed nonlinear problems in integrated circuits modeling (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 53-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the problem (E) + (BC) + (IC) (see below) which represents a model for integrated circuits. We assume that the distributed parametersr(x) andc(x) are nonconstant, dielectric leakages depend on thex-coordinate as well as the voltage level, while the interconnecting multiport is nonlinear and possibly multivalued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero structures at infinity of linear periodic systems (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The zero structure at infinity of a linear periodic system can be studied following two different approaches. One is based on the Periodic Invariant Subspace Algorithm and it gives rise to the notion of periodic structure at infinity. The second is based on the representation of a periodic system by means of a family of stationary systems and it allows the definition of a notion of zero structure. In this paper these two approaches are described and analysed in order to compare the structural information contained in the sets of invariants that they define. As a result we have that the zero structure can be derived by the periodic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183242
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale dynamical interconnections of stochastic singular systems (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 115-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Large-scale dynamical interconnections of systems may not be well defined in the sense of having unique solutions for all inputs. We provide tests that show when the overall system is well defined. In a stochastic interconnected system, there is the additional problem that the composite system may be “stochastically ill defined” in the sense that derivatives of white noise may appear. We provide a test that shows when the interconnected systems is stochastically well defined. It is also demonstrated how to obtain a state-variable representation of the interconnected system, when one exists, on a subspace of the original descriptor-variable space. All of our results are based on “structure algorithms” for singular systems which use stable numerical operations on the original system and interconnection matrices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183244
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized Morse theory and its applications to control and stability analysis (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 175-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper extends Morse theory to noncompact manifolds which is important since in many engineering applications the manifolds involved are usually noncompact. To demonstrate the application, generalized Morse theory is used to estimate the number of unstable equilibria on the stability boundary. The engineering significance of the estimation is explained in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183770
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence analysis of an adaptive pseudolinear-regression notch filtering algorithm (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 245-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes the convergence properties of an adaptive pseudolinear regression notch filtering algorithm recently proposed in the literature for estimating the frequencies of multiple sine waves from measurements corrupted by possibly colored additive noise. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the local convergence of this algorithm to the true frequency values are derived. It is shown that the algorithm has an interesting decoupling property in the sense that satisfaction of the convergence condition by a certain frequency implies local convergence to that frequency no matter whether the other frequencies satisfy or do not satisfy the convergence conditions. However, it is also shown that the algorithm is not generally convergent and, therefore, cannot be recommended for widespread use in applications. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the main points in the theoretical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183774
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative performance study of element-space and beam-space MUSIC estimators (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this paper is to show that in large samples the variances of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates provided by the element-space MUSIC (i.e., MUSIC applied directly to the sensor output data) are always less than the corresponding variances associated with the beam-space MUSIC (i.e., MUSIC applied to spatially filtered sensor data).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187547
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The classification properties of the pecstrum and its use for pattern identification (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 293-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the shape information contents of a morphological vector descriptor, called “pecstrum” (pattern spectrum), are investigated. The pecstrum is then used for aircraft recognition and classification. The pecstrum is a simple vector descriptor which provides information on the way the area of the object is distributed from the fine details to its bulky contents. Although some of its properties have already been reported [3], [4], [14], [23], the use of the pecstrum as a classification tool has not been given appropriate emphasis. At the beginning of the paper some introductory material on mathematical morphology and the pecstrum is presented for the reader who is not familiar with the relevant terminology. Next the shape information which the pecstrum conveys is analyzed and its classification properties are considered. New concepts such as the “pecstral” space and the cumulative pecstral transformation are introduced and explained. The performance of the pecstrum in certain recognition problems is also examined. The concept of “B-shapiness” is redefined and the relation between the pecstrum and the ratio area/perimeter2 is established. The “pseudopecstrum” is then introduced and its information contents and classification properties are compared with those of the conventional pecstrum. The use of pecstrum in estimating object orientation is also addressed. Finally, the recognition and classification capabilities of the pecstrum are tested using a large number of binary objects (airplanes). The performance limit of the pecstrum for efficient object classification, as the size of the objects decreases, is examined and the factors which affect this limit are discussed. The classification results are compared with those obtained using invariant moments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187548
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duality, observability, and controllability for linear time-varying descriptor systems (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 455-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Keywords: 34A08 ; 93B07 ; 93B15 ; 93C15 ; 93C50 ; Key words ; Descriptor ; Singular ; Differential-algebraic ; Observability ; Controllability ; Duality ; Structural forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A characterization of observability for linear time-varying descriptor systemsE(t)x′(t)+F(t)x(t)=B(t)u(t), y(t)=C(t)x(t) was recently developed. NeitherE norC were required to have constant rank. This paper defines a dual system, and a type of controllability so that observability of the original system is equivalent to controllability of the dual system. Criteria for observability and controllability are given in terms of arrays of derivatives of the original coefficients. In addition, the duality results of this paper lead to an improvement on a previous fundamental structure result for solvable systems of the formE(t)x′(t)+F(t)x(t)=f(tt).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01194883
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Use of trellis diagrams in state estimation in blocks for nonlinear discrete dynamic systems with aKth-order memory (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 3-14 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new suboptimum estimation scheme is proposed for nonlinear discrete dynamic systems with aKth-order memory. These systems are first represented by trellis diagrams, and then states are estimated by the Viterbi algorithm of information theory. The state and observation models of the proposed scheme can be nonlinear functions of the disturbance noise, observation noise, and present and past discrete values of the state, whereas the models of the classical estimation algorithms, such as the extended Kaiman filter, must be linear functions of the disturbance noise and observation noise. States are estimated in blocks, which results in an estimation scheme whose implementation requries a constant memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183237
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Parameter estimation and spectral analysis of the discrete nonlinear secondorder Wiener filter (NSWF) (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 31-51 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In many problems of digital signal processing, it is required to determine a model matching the statistics of a given observation of a generally non-Gaussian random process. Because of the wide range of systems that can be represented by Volterra series and Wiener expansions, the discrete nonlinear second-order Wiener filter (NSWF) driven by white Gaussian noise has been used in this study to match the statistics of a discrete zero-mean stationary non-Gaussian random process. First, we derive the autocorrelation function and show that it does not provide sufficient information necessary for estimating the parameters of the proposed model. Next, we derive the third-order moment sequence and show that it provides additional information that can be used in conjunction with the autocorrelation function to solve the problem. The power spectrum and bispectrum of the discrete NSWF have been also derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183239
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    An elementary proof of the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 101-114 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an elementary proof of the well-known Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. The novelty of the proof is that it requires only elementary geometric considerations in the complex plane. This feature makes it useful for use in undergraduate control system courses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183243
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    On-line estimation of signal and noise parameters with application to adaptive Kalman filtering (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 137-152 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents two algorithms for on-line estimation of the optimal gain of the Kalman filter applied to sensor signals when the signal-to-noise ratio is unknown. First-order spectra of a pure signal and colored measurement noise have been assumed. The proposed adaptive Kalman filtering algorithms have been tested for various spectra of the pure signal and noise, and for various signal-to-noise ratios. The effect of the length of an adaptation step and a sampling frequency on the mean square errors of the pure signal estimation has also been examined. Although the test have been performed for stationary signals, the algorithms presented can also be used successfully for time-varying sensor signals when the signal-to-noise ratios vary very slowly in comparison with the length of the adaptation step. The results are helpful for designers who synthesize optimal linear digital filters for sensor signals with first-order spectra and colored measurement noise. The estimation error curves presented enable designers to determine the noise reduction attainable for particular applications of the adaptive Kalman filtering algorithms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183767
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    A Kalman filtering technique for certain Markov chains (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 211-219 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an efficient decoupling Kalman filtering technique is applied to certain Markov chains with finite-dimensional stationary state-transition matrices. For optimal estimates of a Markov chain with ann-dimensional stationary statetransition matrix, the resultant computational algorithm consists ofn-1 simple one-dimensional recursive formulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183771
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    On reduced polynomial-based split algorithms (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 263-284 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this work we analyze the mathematical structure associated with the split algorithms for computing the reflection coefficients for a given real, symmetric, positive-definite Toeplitz matrix. A new form of three-term recurrence relation is derived and computationally efficient alternatives to the Levinson-Durbin, Schur, lattice, and normalized lattice algorithms are obtained. The computational complexity of the new algorithms is the same as those of the split algorithms described in the recent literature. The relationships between the various algorithms are also established. These algorithms also provide further insight into the mathematical properties of the structurally rich Toeplitz matrices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187546
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  • 21
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    A fast perturbation method for the design of linear phase fir digital filters of finite wordlength using single-frequency filters (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 233-244 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a fast perturbation algorithm for the design of linear phase FIR digital filters of finite wordlength is presented. The original set of filter coefficients are obtained using the Parks-McClellan algorithm, then a small perturbation is given to these sets of coefficients. The peak deviations corresponding to the rounded set of coefficients obtained from the original and the perturbed sets are compared and the set of coefficients with the lower value of peak deviation is stored as the best set of coefficients. A further perturbation is given to the infinite precision coefficents and these are rounded to the required wordlength. Comparison is made between these rounded sets and the present best set with respect to peak deviation and the better set is stored as the best set of coefficients. This process is repeated for a finite number of times or until the peak deviation is sufficiently low. To obtain the compensating filter coefficients single-frequency filters are used. Mathematical justification for the single-frequency design is given. Important results for a large number of design examples are presented to illustrate the speed and effectiveness of the algorithm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183773
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  • 22
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    On an existence and uniqueness theory for nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 343-359 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An existence and uniqueness theory is developed for general nonlinear and nonautonomous differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) by exploiting their underlying differential-geometric structure. A DAE is called regular if there is a unique nonautonomous vector field such that the solutions of the DAE and the solutions of the vector field are in one-to-one correspondence. Sufficient conditions for regularity of a DAE are derived in terms of constrained manifolds. Based on this differential-geometric characterization, existence and uniqueness results are stated for regular DAEs. Furthermore, our notions are compared with techniques frequently used in the literature such as index and solvability. The results are illustrated in detail by means of a simple circuit example.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01187550
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  • 23
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    A general study of maximal robust stability regions (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 15-30 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the study of robust stability, the largest coefficient region of a given stable polynomial that guarantees stability preservation under perturbation of coefficients is to be determined. A general consideration including both Hurwitz and Schur polynomials is treated in this paper. For this purpose, the notion ofperturbation constant is introduced. As a consequence of our results, we also introduce a general Kharitonov-type stability test which is based on testing the stability and perturbation constant of a single polynomial.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183238
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  • 24
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    CAS-CAS transform for 2-D signals: A few applications (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 163-173 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A few applications of a separable Hartley-like (CAS-CAS) transform in two-dimensional (2-D) signal processing is presented. The applications discussed include (i) the interpolation of signals, (ii) the computation of Hilbert transform, and (iii) the complex cepstrum computation. The computational advantage of the proposed methods over the algorithms using 2-D FFT are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183769
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  • 25
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    Efficient method for computing double matrix products (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 221-232 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We introduce an efficient method for computing matrix products of the formY=AXB, whereA andB are sparse and constant. We analyze the complexity of the method, develop quantitative criteria for determining when it can be used effectively, and demonstrate its use in a Kalman filter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183772
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  • 26
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    Symmetric sine and cosine structures for trigonometric transforms (1991)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 433-441 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we firstly define two new formulations, the symmetric sine structure (SSS) and the symmetric cosine structure (SCS). Then we propose a simple algorithm to realize one-dimensional SCS and SSS with sequence lengths equal to 2 m . We show that a 2m-length discrete Hartley transform can be realized through a 2 m−1-length SCS and a 2 m−1-length SSS, which achieves the same multiplicative complexity as the minimum number of multiplications reported in the literature. However, our approach gives the advantage of requiring less additions compared with conventional approaches. Furthermore, this approach can also be applied to realize a 2m-length real-valued discrete Fourier transform, which requires the lowest number of multiplications compared with conventional real-valued algorithms and needs no complex number operations as found in other real-valued algorithms.
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    Sign algorithms for blind equalization and their convergence analysis (1991)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 393-431 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In blind equalization a communication channel is adaptively equalized without resorting to the usual training sequence. In this paper we have introduced two new algorithms for blind equalization, which hard limit the equalizer input or the error at the output of the equalizer. These new algorithms are simple to implement and reduce the number of multiplications by approximately one-half. We show by way of simulations that the performance of the algorithm resulting from hardlimiting the error is comparable with the performance of the corresponding algorithm in which the error is not hardlimited. We formulate the new sign-error algorithm as a stochastic minimization of an error functional and demonstrate that the case of zero intersymbol interference corresponds to local minima of this error functional. We also present convergence analysis to predict the output mean square error in both these sign algorithms. Since the algorithms are highly nonlinear we incorporate several simplifying approximations and provide heuristic justifications for the validity of these approximations when the algorithms are operated in a typical practical environment. Computer simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the predicted convergence behavior.
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    Robust stability and sensitivity of input-output systems over extended spaces (1991)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 443-454 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper is the second part of [6] which is concerned with the sensitivity of general input-output systems over extended spaces. It is assumed that such systems, which need not be of feedback type, are governed by nonlinear operator equations relating the input, the state, and the output. These equations depend on a parameterA that can vary in a neighborhood of a nominal valueA 0. Essentially, a system is called insensitive if any truncation of its output depends continuously onA provided the input is fixed. The theorems derived provide sufficient conditions for insensitivity. A control system of a feedback-feedforward type and a dynamical system described by a linear vector differential equation on [0, ∞) are discussed as examples.
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    On rational interpolation with positivity constraints (1991)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 471-483 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of interpolating a given set of points by means of a squared magnitude rational function of minimal degree is considered. In this way, the resulting interpolating function can be factorized to yield a stable and minimum-phase transference. It is shown that in the polynomial case a nonnegative solution is easily obtained by adding to the standard Hermite interpolation polynomial a suitable term of immediately higher degree. Concerning the general rational case, a computationally efficient procedure, based on a Hermite-type parametrization, is suggested. The positivity requirement may again be met by inserting suitable terms in the numerator and denominator polynomials. An example is worked out to show the practicality of the method.
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    Surface plasmon-polaritons and their uses (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 1-27 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Notes: Abstract Surface plasmon-polaritons have been experimentally and theoretically studied for many years but in recent years interest has grown substantially due to their possible use in novel device applications. The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of surface plasmon-polaritons so that the reader will be able to appreciate the physics they can probe, and the device applications in which they may be utilized.
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    High brightness operation of a XeCl laser with negative branch unstable resonators (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 35-44 
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    Notes: Abstract Confocal and non-confocal negative branch unstable resonators with an intracavity spatial filter have been applied to a high-gain short-pulse UV preionized XeCl laser. The near- and far-field radiation characteristics have been investigated in both configurations. Laser beams of larger brightness have been obtained with non-confocal schemes. A maximum beam brightness of 1.3×1014 Wcm−2Sr−1 has been achieved.
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    Gain properties of a wide aperture X-ray pre-ionized excimer amplifier (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 65-72 
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    Notes: Abstract A wide aperture, X-ray pre-ionized discharge pumped excimer laser was comparatively studied as oscillator and amplifier with XeCl and KrF as the active gases. With XeCl (KrF), an oscillator output energy of 3J (1 J) and a small-signal gain coefficient of 11%cm−1 (6%cm−1) were measured. The beam size was 6×5 cm2. For smaller beam widths (obtained by limiting the pre-ionized region), both excimers showed considerably higher gain. The dependence of output parameters on the X-ray dose was studied for both excimers.
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    Accuracy of approximations for fibre discontinuity analysis (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 81-90 
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    Notes: Abstract The problem of surface mode reflection from an abrupt-ended optical fibre is considered. The analysis is made by the variational technique. By investigating the problem the accuracy of several approaches used for field representations is examined, including scalar, quasi-vector approximation techniques and numerical methods (the finite difference method and the method of the integral equation).
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    Sum-frequency generation in the XUV (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 91-97 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of the non-linear part of the wave-vector mismatch Δk NL on the sum frequency generation in a hollow core waveguide is analysed. According to the value and sign of the respective non-linear susceptibilities, considerable deviation in the signalP s on the pump powersP 1, andP 2 can be induced, compared to the case when the linear part Δk L is considered only. Non-linear schemes are proposed for X-ray ultra violet XUV-generation near 60 nm.
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    Germanium lasers in the range from far-infra red to millimetre waves (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S133 
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    Notes: Abstract Recent experimental and theoretical achievements are reviewed on three types of laser oscillation inp-type germanium; the intervalence band (IVB) laser oscillation due to transitions between the light-hole band and the heavy-hole band, the light-hole cyclotron resonance (LHCR) laser oscillation, and the heavy hole cyclotron resonance (HHCR) maser oscillation. Described for the IVB oscillation are fundamental characteristics (such as the wavelength range of oscillation and the cooperation with higherharmonic cyclotron resonances), the polarization characteristics of radiation and influence of uniaxial stress on the oscillation. The present status of the attempt at single line oscillation is also described. As for the LHCR oscillation, the formation of population inversion and the amplification are explained on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations of the valence bands in crossed electric and magnetic fields.
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    Distribution function, population inversion and FIR gain of hot holes in germanium in crossed electric and magnetic fields (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S195 
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    Notes: Abstract The energy distribution function of hot heavy and light holes, the degree of population inversion and of the accumulation of light holes are determined from an investigation of near infrared light absorption in crossed magnetic and electric fields. Analysis of the data shows that inversion of the population is caused not only by accumulation of light holes, but also by weaker heating of light holes compared with heavy holes and drift in momentum space. The numeral value and spectral dependence of the FIR gain, are determined. The distribution function and optical gain are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the values calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The power of the far-infrared laser is estimated.
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    Remarkable effects of uniaxial stress on stimulated far IR emission from hot holes in germanium in crossed electric and magnetic fields (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S217 
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    Notes: Abstract Stimulated far IR emission due to l-h as well as cyclotron transitions of hot holes in uniaxially stressedp-Ge (P ∥H ⊥E) was studied. The results obtained showed the significance of intersub-band hole tunnelling for these mechanisms of generation and may be explained by a change in tunnelling produced by the stress. A considerable expansion of the stimulated light hole cyclotron emission band was observed in a stressed crystal. This expansion allows covering (in one sample) of all generation bands in the light hole cyclotron resonance (CR) masers in unstressedp-Ge, reported so far.
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    Hot hole effects in uniaxially stressedp-type germanium under E∥P∥ [1 1 1] (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S247 
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    Notes: Abstract High field behaviour of holes in uniaxially stressedp-type germanium for stressP and the electric fieldE along the [1 1 1] axis is studied. The field dependence of the drift velocity, the frequency dependence of the longitudinal differential mobility and the spectral dependence of the sub-band population for direct hole transitions between the upper and lower splitted sub-bands are calculated by the Monte-Carlo method. A Gunn-type negative differential mobility is demonstrated to appear atP ⩾ 7 to 8 kbar,E ≈ 0.15 to 4 kV cm−1 in a frequency rangev ≈ 0 to 100 GHz. It is shown, that the stimulated emission and current increase observed by I. V. Altuhovet al. [1] cannot be ascribed to the direct hole transitions between the sub-bands because the population inversion of the transitions is absent.
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    Tunable far-infrared solid-state lasers based on hot holes in germanium (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S267 
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    Notes: Abstract The basic principles for achieving population inversion and stimulated emission in the far-infrared fromp-Ge are discussed. In the heavy-light hole lasing mode a broad gain region is found resulting in a broad multimode spectrum due to intracavity modes. By attaching external plates of germanium a single mode operation is realized. The obtained powers are in the W range with linewidths of ≈0.2 cm−1. A single mode magnetically tunable coherent source is achieved with the light hole cyclotron resonance laser. With external mirrors a tuning range from 20 to 120cm−1 with magnetic fields between 1 and 6 T is achieved. The intensity of the single mode is in the order of W, the linewidth below 0.2 cm−1.
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    Quantum effects in submillimetre hot hole semiconductor lasers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S287 
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    Notes: Abstract The hole dynamics and emission processes in degenerate band semiconductors in strong crossedE ⊥B fields were studied both theoretically and experimentally. The Luttinger effective mass Hamiltonian was used to study the Landau level energy spectrum in anisotropic valence bands of Ge. The dependence of the energy spectrum onE,H fields orientation is analysed. The role of quantum effects, such as interaction and mixing of light and heavy hole states in the scattering process and Landau level population is studied. The results of experimental studies of stimulated emission spectra for intersub-band and cyclotron transitions as well as their dependence onE,H field orientation are presented, the experimental data being in good agreement with the quantum model calculations.
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    Book reviews (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S351 
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    Numerical simulation of heavy hole cyclotron resonance NEMAG inp-Ge (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S341 
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    Notes: Abstract The cyclotron resonance of heavy holes in germanium underE 0∥B 0∥[001] fields is simulated by the numerical Monte-Carlo technique. Linear and non-linear regimes of hot hole interaction with high-frequency transverse electric field Eω⊥ [0 0 1] are considered. A new procedure for the calculation of components of the gyrotropic part of the hot hole differential mobility tensor is proposed. We concentrate mainly on negative transverse effective mass hot holes.
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    Optical phase locked-loop homodyne receiver using an eight-port 90° optical hybrid (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 461-467 
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of a PSK optical phase locked-loop (PLL) homodyne system based on an eight-port 90° optical hybrid, which is used to suppress the local oscillator (LO) intensity noise in both data recovery arm (I arm) and carrier recovery arm (Q arm), is evaluated. Incomplete cancellation of LO intensity noise results from unmatched photodetectors, couplers pathlengths, and non-ideal couplers power splitting ratio. Optimum LO power can be found for the given receiver parameters.
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    Metal vapour lasers: a review of recent progress (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S469 
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    Notes: Abstract A brief review of metal vapour lasers is presented with an emphasis on the recent progress made in advancing metal vapour laser technology and applications. It is anticipated that new types of metal vapour lasers will be developed which take advantage of recently observed behaviours of high pressure copper vapour lasers. For example, collisional excitation energy transfer may make it possible to develop efficient single wavelength copper vapour lasers at high pressures. Also, use of new discharge schemes such as high power microwave discharges may significantly advance the metal vapour laser technology. A variety of new applications should also be realized in the years to come.
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    Measurement of spatial coherence of a copper vapour laser beam using a reversal shear interferometer (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S477 
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    Notes: Abstract We measured the spatial coherernce of a copper vapour laser (CVL) beam with an unstable resonator by the reversal shear interferometer. By this method, we can evaluate the spatial coherence function from a single-shot measurement. The spatial coherence width was 5 mm when an unstable resonator with a magnification factor of 60 was used. Moreover we verified the result by the theoretical calculation on the basis of the passive resonator model.
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    Investigation of practical high repetition rate copper vapour lasers with external heating (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S539 
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    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of high repetition rate CVL devices incorporating passive external heating have been investigated. Pre-heating of the CVL plasma tube using external heating has been shown to significantly reduce CVL warm-up time, while supplementary heating of the CVL plasma tube using external heating allows efficient CVL operation with reduced discharge power input without any degradation in output power.
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    Stimulated Raman scattering of copper vapour laser radiation in optical fibres (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S555 
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    Notes: Abstract Wideband frequency conversion of copper vapour laser radiation has been achieved by stimulated Raman scattering in multimode silica fibres. Up to nine Stokes' orders have been generated in the 511 to 649 nm spectral region with a conversion efficiency greater than 90% of the fibre output. Four-wave mixing processes involving laser and Stokes' lines have also been observed.
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    Stimulated Raman scattering of barium laser output in a silica fibre (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S563 
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    Notes: Abstract Strong stimulated Raman emission has been observed on three Stokes' lines at 1.608, 1.744 and 1.896μm from 12.6 km of single-mode silica fibre pumped at 1.50μm with the output of a pulsed barium vapour laser. A study has been made of the spectral distribution of fibre output as a function of peak input power to the fibre (up to 47 MW cm−2), and the results are compared to theoretical predictions. Incomplete conversion of the pump to first Stokes', and first to second Stokes', lines is observed despite the length of the fibre.
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    Digital phase shift holographic interferometry and its application in the experimental flow study (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 593-601 
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    Notes: Abstract The application of digital phase shift holographic interferometry to flow-visualization and flow temperature measurement of a 2D thermal flow field was experimentally investigated. An improved recording system for two reference beam phase shift holographic interferometry is set up for this experiment, and details of this experimental technique are described. The phase distribution obtained by this technique presents an excellent picture of flow visualization. From this phase image, temperature distribution of the 2D thermal flow field is also calculated and compared with some measured values obtained using thermocouple probes.
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    Eigenmodes expansions in lossy open waveguides (fibres) (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 621-632 
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    Notes: Abstract The properties of the radiation eigenmodes propagating in lossy open waveguides (fibres) are examined by theŜ-operator method. The radiation eigenmode fields are demonstrated to be transversely unbounded at infinity. For these modes the orthogonal relationships are derived by regularization of divergent integrals.
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 665-666 
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    Determination of phase mismatch in a Z-propagating LiNbO3 TE-TM convertor (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 657-664 
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    Notes: Abstract We describe a method suitable for the measurement of phase mismatch in a LiNbO3 Z-propagating TE-TM convertor. The method is based on the measurement of the transmission peaks produced by a mode coupling voltage applied to the electrodes. A major advantage of the method is that it allows phase mismatch measurements to be performed with quite a few parameters easily assessable experimentally (operating wavelength and electrode length).
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    Theoretical analysis of pulse shaping of self-phase modulated pulses in a grating pair compressor (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 685-702 
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    Notes: Abstract The intracavity self-phase modulation in a picosecond Nd : glass laser and the external pulse compression in a grating pair arrangement is simulated. Fast-Fourier transforms are applied for the determination of the frequency spectra caused by self-phase modulation and the temporal shapes caused by grating pair pulse compression. The calculations are compared with recently reported experimental results.
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    Low gain laser with an unstable cavity (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 99-109 
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    Notes: Abstract A neon 633 nm laser with an unstable cavity was made to lase in the negative unstable region. The characteristic parameters were measured. The loss calculated by using both the geometric approach and the diffraction integral is higher than the gain of the gas mixture, it contradicts the experimental results. If the radial dependence of the gain is taken into account then the calculated loss fits the experimental results satisfactorily.
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    Hot hole inter-sub-band transition p-Ge FIR laser (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S111 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a review of operating principles, numerical results and the achieved characteristics of the hot hole FIR laser. The problems of Landau quantization and crystallographic anisotropy are discussed. This information gives an idea of the achievements and difficulties of the development of far-infrared (FIR) semiconductor lasers using hot hole inter-sub-band transitions inp-Ge.
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    Far IR cyclotron resonance and luminescence of hot holes inp-Ge (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S163 
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    Notes: Abstract A survey of techniques and experimental results from the investigation of hot hole effects in germaniumvia their absorption and spontaneous emission in the far IR (FIR) range. The results of a cyclotron resonance absorption investigation of hot holes in crossedE andB fields in a wide wavelength range λ ≈ 0.3 to 2 mm at Т ≲ 40 K are presented. The light hole sub-band overpopulation and the absorption pecularities under streaming conditions are investigated. Mechanisms of FIR emission ofp-Ge at liquid helium temperatures are analysed. A new emission mechanism associated with the crystal lattice emission is revealed and an estimation of FIR phonon-assisted absorption is made. The population inversion of h-l transitions is diagnosed by the effect of ‘flare up’ of FIR luminescence of hot holes in Ge with an applied magnetic fieldB ⊥E, and the FIR radiation gain at l-h transitions is estimated. The different factors affecting the flare up and the gain of FIR radiation, such as the crystallographic orientation of the crossedE andB fields, slight nonorthogonality of theE andB fields, the sample heating during the electric field pulse and the uniaxial stress, are discussed.
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    Microlens fabrication on single-mode fibres for efficient coupling from laser diodes (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 367-378 
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    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the etching process for forming a truncated conical microlens on the end surface of a single-mode fibre (SMF) so as to improve its coupling efficiency with a laser diode (LD) has been carried out. This is followed by a simple geometric-optics and electromagnetic analysis to calculate this coupling efficiency, when the lens is formed on a SMF fabricated by the MCVD technique. The theory is supported by measurements which gave a maximum coupling efficiency of 57%.
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    Wafer and epilayer improvement for integrated optics devices on InP: the ESPRIT project 2518 (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 391-404 
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    Notes: Abstract Ga x In1−x As y P1−y alloys lattice matched to InP substrates are currently used to fabricate optoelectronic and integrated optics devices. To achieve devices with high performances and high fabrication yield, the uniformity and reproducibility of the Ga x In1−x As y P1−y epitaxial layers (composition, thickness, doping, etc.) have become key parameters. These problems have been addressed in the frame of ESPRIT project 2518 and are presented in this paper. Several aspects have been considered starting from the optimization of InP substrates, the MOVPE growth of uniform GalnAsP layers, the material characterization to the validation of material uniformity on passive optical waveguides. Both scanning photoluminescence analysis and waveguide losses measurements performed on 2 inch wafers with a high lateral resolution have shown that high quality uniform GalnAsP layers can be obtained reproducibly on 2″ InP substrates using a commercially available LP-MOCVD growth process. In particular, more than 60% of 36 mm long, 3μm wide and 100μm spaced rib waveguides exhibit losses below 0.8dBcm−1.
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    A compact subnanosecond high power Nd:YAG laser system (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 433-438 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, a high power Nd:YAG laser system is described, which consists of an actively-passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser oscillator with variable subnanosecond pulsewidths (200 ps to 1 ns), a Pockels-cell shutter and a coaxial four-pass Nd:YAG amplifier. With the oscillator operating in the colliding pulse regime, and a BDN dye film as the saturable absorber, and an acousto-optic modulator as the active modelocker, we have achieved a shot-to-shot stability of the pulse-train amplitude 〈 ±4%. For a 0.1 mJ, 200 ps laser pulse, we obtained four-pass amplification of 7 × 102 with a pump energy of 106 J.
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    Metal vapour lasers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. v 
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    Stabilization of high-power copper vapour laser (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S485 
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    Notes: Abstract Design considerations for stable trouble-free operation of a 100 W copper vapour laser are described. Implementation of laser head and modulator design principles result in a laser that meets these goals. The laser is switched by a single small thyratron that operates below all its maximum ratings.
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    A new circuit for CuBr laser excitation (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S549 
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    Notes: Abstract A novel electrical circuit for CuBr laser excitation which consists of two interacting capacitive circuits is reported for the first time. An output power of 19 W with an efficiency of 1.6% was obtained. Some features of the laser operation, such as the voltage of the electrodes, the current pulse and the laser pulse, are given.
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    Book reviews (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S569 
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    Analytical expressions for the intensity and frequency noise of an individual mode in a multimode semiconductor laser with external optical feedback (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 575-584 
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    Notes: Abstract Analytical expressions are derived for the intensity and frequency noise of each individual mode in a multimode semiconductor laser with external optical feedback. It is shown that in a two-mode laser the side-mode effect on the intensity noise is enhanced by the optical feedback which gives the maximum linewidth narrowing.
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    Optical chaos in multiple degenerate four-wave mixing (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 603-611 
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    Notes: Abstract Spatial evolution has been studied of an ensemble of equal-frequency light waves involved in several four-wave mixing processes under linear photoabsorption. It is shown that this system may exhibit spatial chaos caused by competition of optical mixing processes with strong energy exchange between the waves. For pulsed radiation, the temporal envelopes of interacting waves undergo modulations which may also be of chaotic character. Also discussed are possible variants of identifying chaos in systems of interacting light waves experimentally and the role of accompanying photoprocesses (photoabsorption, self-action of radiation).
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    Improved coupled-mode analysis of nonlinear distributed feedback structures (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 633-637 
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    Notes: Abstract Coupled-mode theory is employed to describe the nonlinear behaviour of a distributed feedback grating, including intensity-dependent terms resulting from the periodic variations in the nonlinearity. The improved coupled-mode analysis leads to modified values for the on and off-switching intensities, as demonstrated numerically.
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    Feedback induction — a possible explanation for self-organized growth of χ(2) grating in silica fibres (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 29-33 
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown that ifχ (2) in silica fibres is induced by high energy photons which are harmonically generated from theχ (2) then a feedback based on this mutual induction is capable of a self-organized growth.
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    Rate equation filtering in a semiclassical instability (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 53-63 
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    Notes: Abstract Some features of experimentally observed laser instabilities seem to be in agreement with the predictions of simple rate equation models, even though those models are intrinsically stable. A possible interpretation for this rate equation behaviour in a particular low threshold semiclassical instability is considered here.
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    Numerical study of femtosecond travelling-wave amplified spontaneous emission (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 45-52 
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    Notes: Abstract The generation of pulses from amplified spontaneous emission in dye solutions is studied in the case of femtosecond pump pulses. The effects of ultrafast vibrational relaxation, self-phase modulation and optimum synchronization are discussed.
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    Interferometric method for the characterization of the phase and pulse fronts of femtosecond pulses (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 73-79 
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    Notes: Abstract An interferometric method is presented to characterize the most important parameters of beams from large aperture femtosecond excimer laser systems. With the use of a special interferometer the shape of both the pulse and the phase fronts can simultaneously be studied. With minor changes, conventional autocorrelation measurements can also be performed.
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    OQE technical meeting calendar (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 110-110 
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    Far-infrared semiconductor lasers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. v 
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    Bragg selection in hot hole FIR lasers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S205 
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    Notes: Abstract A Bragg-type frequency selection for producing narrowband stimulated emission with well-defined frequency is demonstrated. Periodical reflecting gratings etched into the lateral sides of thep-Ge sample are used as a reflective element. Single line emission at a given frequency which can be set by the electric and magnetic fields is achieved. In addition, the time dependence of the Bragg-type emission and the nonselective emission is studied.
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    Numerical simulation of far infrared emission under population inversion of hole sub-bands (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S177 
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    Notes: Abstract The amplification and generation of far infrared radiation under population inversion of direct optical transitions between light and heavy hole sub-bands in the warped valence band ofp-type Ge and Si are investigated theoretically via Monte Carlo simulation of hole heating in crossed electric and magnetic fields. Both linear and nonlinear regimes of interaction between hot holes and radiation are considered. Attention is paid chiefly to a description of the methods and procedures which allow calculation of the hole-radiation interaction characteristics, such as the coefficient of radiation amplification due to inversion, the coefficient of radiation absorption caused by free hole scattering by lattice imperfections and the power of the generated radiation. The optimum conditions for amplification and generation obtained from the analysis of spectral, field, concentration and other dependences of the calculated net amplification coefficient are presented.
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    Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation from hot holes from uniaxially stressed germanium (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S211 
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    Notes: Abstract Far-infrared radiation from hot holes in Ge under streaming conditions is investigated. Stimulated emission is observed from uniaxially compressed samples without magnetic field. The existence of inversion is due to a strain splitting of the light and heavy hole bands.
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    Saturation spectroscopy of thep-Ge far-infrared laser (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S231 
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    Notes: Abstract We study the non-linear interaction of high-power far-infrared radiation on both the passive and activep-Ge laser material. Effects of dynamical spectral hole burning and cross-saturation are observed. Transiently increased gain is seen early in thep-Ge laser pulse. We present a detailed analysis, in a model of inhomogeneouslybroadened two-level systems, together with results obtained earlier at mid-infrared frequency.
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    Generation of cyclotron radiation by light holes in germanium (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S253 
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    Notes: Abstract The properties of the light hole cyclotron resonance laser are studied in detail. The emission spectrum and the tuning characteristics are analysed. Two regions of continuously tunable stimulated emission between 30 to 50 cm−1 and 70 to 90 cm−1 are found. Besides the time behaviour of the emission the spectral gain is measured for the first time with the help of a secondp-Ge laser, A gain value of 0.2 cm−1 is found, which is significantly larger than the value found for the light to heavy hole laser. An application of the tunable laser is demonstrated by measuring the central cell splitting the photoconductivity signal of shallow donors inn-GaAs.
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    Wide-range tunable sub-millimetre cyclotron resonance laser (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S307 
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    Notes: Abstract The results of investigation of cyclotron type stimulated emission processes inp-Ge in strong crossedE ⊥B fields are presented. Using the optimumE,B field orientation the spectral range of continuous tuning of the emission line frequency was increased substantially. A tunable sub-millimetre laser with the tuning rangev = 25 to 95cm−1 (λ = 105 to 400μm), output power 10 to 100mW and emission linewidthδv ⩽ 0.2cm−1 is described.
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    Subnanosecond response time of a laser beam modulator based on persistent spectral hole burning (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 361-365 
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    Notes: Abstract Electric-field-induced changes of a persistent spectral hole vary the transmission of a perylene doped polymer film used in a light-guiding configuration for the modulation of laser light. From the comparison of the measured transmitted laser power with a computer simulation we conclude that the response time is less than 300 ps.
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    3W average power 4.3 μm CO2 laser (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 405-410 
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    Notes: Abstract A 3 W average power CO2 laser oscillating in the range of 4.3μm (10°1 to 10°O transition) is described. At the same time, the laser can emit 100 W in the sequence band 00°2 to 10°1 (10.6μm). It is based on a commercial system with continuous-wave discharge of 12 m length and a slow gas flow. It operates in the Q-switched mode at pulse repetition rates up to 15 kHz. The pulse peak power is 1 kW and the pulse duration is 200 ns. The deviation from the theoretical efficiency limit has been decreased by a factor 2.5 in our device, due to saturation of the pumping (sequence band) radiation. We predict an improvement by another factor of 5 (possible average power of 10 to 20 W), if one avoids the absorption in the discharge-free zones.
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    Multivalued phase conjugate reflectivity in the reflection-type photorefractive four-wave mixing; strong coupling regime (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 411-425 
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    Notes: Abstract Optical multistability based on the theory of four-wave mixing (FWM) is considered for the case of reflection geometry in photorefractive crystals. The resultant nonlinear algebraic equation obtained from the initial nonlinear coupled differential equations, is solved numerically by using a successive bisection method which can predict repeated zeros (roots) as well as discontinuities (jumps). We show that apart from the effects of photorefractive phase shift, the strong nonlinear coupling itself is sufficient to bring about multivalued branching behaviour of the phase conjugate reflectivity (PCR). As the coupling strength increases, the solutions become richer and more complex. We find that for certain values of pump and probe ratios and owing to the nature of strong nonlinear coupling the appearance of multiple solutions has a close connection with the phenomenon of bistability and self-oscillation.
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    A spectacles-shaped optical fibre ring resonator with two couplers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 379-389 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical study of a novel spectacles-shaped optical fibre ring resonator with double couplers has been carried out. The circulating, transmitted and reflected output fields and intensities have been computed and presented as graphs. The characteristics, advantages and possible applications of this ring resonator are discussed.
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    Spreading thermal resistance of a diode-laser heat sink (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 427-432 
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    Notes: Abstract An analytic formula for the spreading thermal resistance of a heat sink of a stripegeometry diode laser is derived in this paper with the aid of the Green function method. Simplified formulae often used to date appear to be inaccurate.
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 468-468 
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    Saturable absorption dynamics of DODCI (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 439-459 
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    Notes: Abstract The saturable absorption dynamics of DODCI in a femtosecond dye laser is studied theoretically. The N-isomer and P-isomer photoisomerization dynamics is included. The wavelength region between 570 nm and 650 nm is considered where the N-isomer and P-isomer absorption dynamics changes from short-wavelength to long-wavelength s0-s1 excitation. The slow saturable absorber DODCI shortens a circulating pulse in a laser oscillator down to femtosecond duration if the gain medium compensates the absorber losses. Fast local relaxation in the S1 -state in the case of short-wavelength excitation and fast level refilling in the S0 -state in the case of long-wavelength excitation facilitate the pulse shortening and the background signal suppression.
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    The operating regime of longitudinal discharge copper vapour lasers (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S493 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the results of experiments which study the behaviour of the copper vapour laser as a function of its major performance parameters: pulse repetition frequency and tube temperature. Explanations are put forward for the factors which limit the output from the copper laser at the extremes of these parameters. Generalized performance relationships and scaling laws are also presented. The experimental results are summarized in a contour map of laser efficiency.
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    High power high repetition rate pulsed collisional laser using a He + Eu+ mixture (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S513 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies have been made of the properties of an ionized europium collision laser withλ=1002 nm in the 1.5 to 6 kW range of pumping powers. For this purpose, a gas-discharge tube made of BeO ceramic, 50 cm long and 2.7 cm diameter was used. The pulse repetition rate ranged from 2 to 10 kHz at a pumping duration of 400 ns. For helium pressures in the range of 0.3 to 1 atm, the efficiency and laser power increases faster than the concentration of helium atoms. At the atmospheric pressure of helium, the optimal lasing conditions are as follows: discharge current amplitude 150 A, the europium vapour pressure corresponds to 640 to 660° C and is dependent on the discharge current. The laser efficiency is independent of the pulse repetition rate in the 3 to 9 kHz range. The maximum laser power achieved was 12.7 W atF=9.5 kHz, and the efficiency amounted to 0.21%, whereas at 11.8 W andF=6.5 kHz the maximum efficiency was 0.24%. The dynamic efficiency of the laser reached 0.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619646
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    Gas laser excitation by an electron beam formed at open discharge (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S523 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The method of formation of powerful electron beams (EBs) with nanosecond duration has been described (electron energyu≈10 to 20 keV and beam currentl EB〉1 kA) in the medium pressure gas which is simultaneously the laser active medium. The value ofl EB=7 kA has been achieved atU=22 kV, τ=20 ns andp Ne=300 Pa in a coaxial cell 330 mm long and 99 mm in diameter. The 3 kA current from the cathode with 60 cm2 square in the shape of a segment of a sphere 140 mm in diameter has been achieved atU=23 kV, τ=15 ns andp Ne=300 Pa. With the help of a magnetic field this beam has been transported to a distance of up to 100 cm. Applications of the beams for pumping various lasers were broadened. Lasing in He + Cd+ mixtures at the optimal He pressure of 10 to 12 kPa and in the triple mixture He-Cd-Kr has been obtained. Using the method of doubled excitation pulses it has been shown that EB pumping provides preservation of the lasing pulse parameters in the Eu atom laser in comparison with glowing discharge, the sequential frequency being an order of magnitude greater. Lasing at a significantly greater ion concentration than in gas discharge has been obtained in the ion laser on the self-terminating transition of Ca+,λ=866 nm. Quasicontinuous lasing has been realized in the mixture He + Sr + Kr in the plasma laser on Sr+,λ=430.6 nm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619647
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    OQE technical meeting calendar (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. S574 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619653
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  • 90
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    A three-dimensional model of a low-aspect ratio short pulse dye amplifier (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 585-592 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A set of equations describing the amplified spontaneous emission effects and the inversion distribution in a low-aspect ratio femtosecond dye amplifier is developed. The problem is treated in three dimensions. Some preliminary results of a computer simulation are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620084
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  • 91
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    Two-level model of recording and reading of volume phase holograms in photorefractive crystals of BSO-type (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 613-619 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A two-level model of optical transitions in crystals of BSO-type has been proposed for the effect of readout beam on the dynamic holographic grating to be taken into account, and an expression for diffraction efficiency representing the generalized formula by Vinetskii and coworkers [1–3] has been obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620087
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  • 92
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    Induced steepening of femtosecond pulses (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 639-647 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The femtosecond pulse conversion to the XUV has been studied theoretically for the first time in a gas-filled waveguide, including the influence of the pump-induced phase modulation on the phase matching conditions, waveguide propagation and signal pulse shape. The conversion of femtosecond pulses from excimer amplifiers to the range of 83 nm to 88 nm is discussed
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620090
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  • 93
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    OQE Technical Meeting Calendar (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 667-667 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620094
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  • 94
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    The refractive index of III–V semiconductor strained-layer superlattices (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 669-684 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Strained-layer superlattices (SLSs), such as the material system InGaAs/GaAs, offer one approach to optical waveguides. For such applications a knowledge of the way in which the ternary layer composition, strain and size quantization affect the refractive index is essential. This review looks at how the refractive index of bulk semiconductors has been modelled, and at the modifications that are involved in accounting for the effects of strain and quantization, in order to enable a prediction of the SLS refractive index.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613000
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    Theoretical analysis of pulse development in a colliding pulse mode-locked dye laser (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 727-754 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pulse development in colliding pulse mode-locked dye lasers is analysed theoretically. The chosen parameters belong to a c.w. argon laser pumped linear resonator arrangement with rhodamine 6G in ethylene glycol as gain medium and DODCI (3,3′-diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide) in ethylene glycol as saturable absorber. The pulse shortening and pulse broadening effects in the laser oscillator are investigated. The steady-state pulse duration is determined by equal pulse broadening and pulse shortening within a single resonator round-trip. The detuning of the absorber jet out of the middle position of the resonator is considered. Multiple transits through the resonator are simulated to study the influence of various resonator and dye parameters on the pulse development and the background signal suppression. Fast relaxations within theS 1 andS 0-state of DODCI are necessary for sufficient background suppression to obtain femtosecond pulse trains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613004
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  • 96
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    Book reviews (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 775-776 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613007
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    Special issue on: Optical interconnects and free-space digital optics (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 774-774 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613006
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  • 98
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    Model for noise processes in semiconductor laser amplifiers: (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 755-773 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A model for the noise processes in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser amplifier is presented. This model is based on the application of perturbation techniques to the travelling-wave rate equations for the amplifier. The model includes the effects of end-facet reflections and the backwards-travelling wave into the amplifier. The noise power spectral densities for the intensity, electron density and phase noise are derived. The model can be applied to an arbitrary gain profile and does not require homogenization of the photon field over the length of the device.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613005
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    OQE technical meeting calendar (1991)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 777-777 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613008
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  • 100
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    Circularly birefringent optical fibres: new proposals (1991)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 23 (1991), S. 713-725 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with a family of azimuthally inhomogeneous fibres whose guided modes have been shown, in a previous paper, to have analytical expressions. It elaborates on the per-unit-length torque-induced circular birefringence as a function of the geometrical parameters and of the refractive indices. Recipes are given for enhancing the birefringence above that of an azimuthally homogeneous fibre. The coupling loss, which is unavoidable when such a fibre is fed by a circularly symmetrical fibre or beam, is shown not to be a major concern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613003
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