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  • Artikel  (101)
  • Ecology  (101)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (96)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The method of response functions in ecology (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Schlagwort(e): Modelling ; Ecology ; Response functions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This article describes the further development and new applications of the already well-known method of response functions. This method is used to present the quantitative evaluation of the reactions of various ecological and biological systems to environmental impacts. Two ecological problems were chosen as examples: the model of growth and development of cereal crops and the model of pollutant dynamics in the elementary ecosystem. In each case the results are given of the evaluation of parameters and the testing of models. It is shown that the method of response functions allows resolution of the wide range of ecological problems with sufficient accuracy, and some new theoretical results are presented. For example, based on the existing hypotheses of higher plant development, a biological time scale has been worked out. The method was elaborated to determine the minimum time of development, which is a genetically stipulated characteristic of a species and is realized when all environmental factors are optimal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047292
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determinants of spatial distribution in a population of the subalpine butterfly Oeneis chryxus (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 587-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Butterfly ; Oeneis chryxus ; Population structure ; Population dynamics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This paper describes temporally varying determinants of the spatial distribution of adults in an insect population and the relationship between that distribution and the mating system. Male Oeneis chryxus butterflies were distributed nonrandomly throughout a sloping Colorado meadow divided horizontally by a dirt road into an upper and lower slope. Over an eight-year period of intensive study, the proportion of males located on the road, the upper slope, and the lower slope varied as a function of population size and sex ratio. In each year, more than half of the male population aggregated on sections of the road in a distinct and recurring pattern that was not correlated with the distribution of any food resource or thermal regime. Females were usually extremely scarce and not distributed in any pattern apparent from the few observations of them. Areas densely occupied by males were associated with visual landmarks. We hypothesize that the male distribution is determined by a pattern of movement of receptive females toward these landmarks. The road offers a thermally favorable environment with an unobstructed view in which to await the passage of scarce females. The mating system in this population has several lek-like features and supports the prediction that landmark mating is a favored strategy under conditions of female scarcity and wide dispersal of resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317724
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecology of heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of mangrove plant community at the Ganges river estuary in India (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 87 (1991), S. 560-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Mangroves ; N2-fixation ; Ecology ; Nutrient cycling ; Rhizosphere
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Heterotrophic dinitrogen fixation in root associations of successional stages of the tropical mangrove plant community at the Ganges river estuary in India was investigated by excised-root acetylene reduction assay, and enumeration and identification of diazotrophic bacteria from sediment, root and tidal water samples. High to very high rates of nitrogenase activity (64–130 nmol C2H4/g dry root/h) were associated with washed excised roots of seven common early-successional mangrove species at the inundated swamps. Declining, late-successional mangroves at the occasionally inundated ridges had considerably lower values and the “declined” mangroves and other non-littoral species at embankment protected highlands had very low to insignificant values of root nitrogenase activity. Total and inorganic nitrogen contents of the mangrove sediments were low and were positively related to the stages of physiographic succession. Plant-associated sediments of particularly the old formation swamps had very high C/N ratios. Nine isolates of nitrogen-fixing bacteria belonging to all known O2 response groups were distinguished from a large population of diazotrophs associated with roots of mangroves and other associate plant species of the community. The isolates differed with respect to their N2-fixation efficiency and halotolerance in pure culture. There was no specificity of any of the bacterial isolates to any of the plant species of the community but a higher number of efficient isolates were seen to be associated with mangroves at the swampy succession. Sediment-free tidal water also contained a large population of microaerophilic and anaerobic N2-fixing bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320420
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecology and behavior of wild black-crested gibbons (Hylobates concolor) in China with a reconsideration of evidence for polygyny (1991)
    Springer
    Primates 32 (1991), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Schlagwort(e): Crested gibbons ; China ; Behavior ; Ecology ; Monogamy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The black-crested gibbon,Hylobates concolor, is one of the few species of gibbons that has not yet been the subject of a long term field study. Field observations in the Ai Lao and Wu Liang Mountains of Yunnan Province, China indicate that in this area the habitat and ecology of this species differ markedly from those of other gibbons that have been studied to date. These differences are correlated with some behavioral differences. In particular, these gibbons apparently have greater day ranges than other gibbons. It has also been suggested that this species lives in polygynous groups. To demonstrate this requires observation of groups with two or more females with young. Our own observations and those from other recent studies suggest that there are alternative explanations consistent with available data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381946
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biology of fork-tailed catfishes from the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 31 (1991), S. 55-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Floodplain fisheries ; Subsistence fisheries ; Feeding ; Condition ; Reproduction ; Ecology ; Niches ; Arius ; Hemipimelodus ; Pisces ; Ariidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis Ariids accounted for approximately 25% of the weight of catches and landings from rivers and lakes in the floodplain region (= 50% weight of native species). Habitat preferences were:A. solidus, lakes and rivers;A. utarus, rivers and occasionally lakes;A. coatesi andA. velutinus, rivers only;A. nox, lakes and floodplain.A. solidus andA. utarus occasionally entered the floodplain but onlyA. nox exhibited any, albeit modest, affinity for this environment. In general, the fishes showed no marked seasonality relating to the flood cycle: in four species slight increases in feeding, condition, breeding and fat deposition occurred during the dry season whilst onlyA. nox showed modest increases in these parameters during the flood season due to its increased feeding on the floodplain at that time. All species are omnivorous but diets differed according to morphology and habitat preferences. Diet overlap was greatest amongstA. coatesi, A. solidus andA. utarus which fed mainly on prawns and a variety of other plant and animal matter.A. nox is a specialised filter-feeder consuming mainly small crustaceans and small insect larvae.A. velutinus fed mainly on large insect larvae and emergent and terrestrial insects and its diet excluded prawns.A. solidus and, especially,A. utarus also fed on fish scales. Feeding commenced immediately after hatching while free embryos were still in the male parent's mouth. Large amounts of fat were stored prior to brooding during which time males fast. The reproductive style of ariid catfishes limits their colonisation of the floodplain and is a constraint to increased fisheries exploitation of the stocks. The importance of ariids to the local fishery and nutrition (fat) for the local people should be recognised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002159
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    [Perspective] How much biodiversity loss is too much? (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-15
    Beschreibung: How much of something do we need to keep people safe and well? This question is frequently asked by those working in risk management. Across diverse sectors from flood protection to health care, practitioners assess risk as the product of the impact of a given event and the probability of its occurrence. Although these estimates are often uncertain, policy-makers must ultimately make spending decisions aimed at averting these risks, because the costs of inaction to society can be substantial. Biodiversity loss is a similarly critical, yet uncertain, issue. On page 288 of this issue, Newbold et al. (1) quantify global biodiversity losses, providing much-needed information on the encroachment of proposed “safe limits.” Author: Tom H. Oliver
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    [Perspective] Butterfly communities under threat (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-15
    Beschreibung: Butterflies are better documented and monitored worldwide than any other nonpest taxon of insects (1). In the United Kingdom alone, volunteer recorders have sampled more than 750,000 km of repeat transects since 1976, equivalent to walking to the Moon and back counting butterflies (2). Such programs are revealing regional extinctions and population declines that began before 1900 (3, 4). In a recent study, Habel et al. report a similar story based on inventories of butterflies and burnet moths since 1840 in a protected area in Bavaria, Germany (5). The results reveal severe species losses: Scarce, specialized butterflies have largely disappeared, leaving ecosystems dominated by common generalist ones. Similar trends are seen across Europe (6) and beyond, with protected areas failing to conserve many species for which they were once famed. Author: Jeremy A. Thomas
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    [This Week in Science] This is no time to be a butterfly (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-15
    Beschreibung: Author: Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    [Perspective] Can Apulia's olive trees be saved? (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-22
    Beschreibung: On 21 October 2013, the Italian phytosanitary service notified the European Commission (EC) that the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa had been detected in olive trees near Gallipoli, a tourist destination in Italy's southern region of Apulia (1). This xylem-limited bacterium is spread by insect vectors and causes disease in crops such as grapevines, citrus, coffee, and almond; various ornamentals; and trees such as oaks, elms, and sycamores. Because of the risks of X. fastidiosa being introduced, established, and spread throughout Europe, this species is a regulated quarantine pest. Yet, X. fastidiosa has been left unchecked and has marched northward, leaving destruction in its wake (see the photo) (2). The establishment of X. fastidiosa in Italy has been an agricultural, environmental, political, and cultural disaster. Author: Rodrigo P. P. Almeida
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    [This Week in Science] Olive quick decline syndrome (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-07-22
    Beschreibung: Author: Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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