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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1990-1994  (391)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1900-1904
  • 1990  (391)
Collection
Keywords
Years
  • 1990-1994  (391)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1900-1904
Year
  • 1
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    Space Station Freedom (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This video presents great model photography along with astronaut activity as practiced in mockup.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ASR-253 , NASA-TM-109636 , NONP-NASA-VT-93-190434
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Cosmic ray proton spectra at low rigidities (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The cosmic ray proton rigidity spectra have been investigated with data collected in the Low Energy Antiproton (LEAP) balloon flight experiment flown from Prince Albert, Canada in 1987. The LEAP apparatus was designed to measure antiprotons using a superconducting magnet spectrometer with ancillary scintillator, time-of-flight, and liquid Cherenkov detectors. After reaching float altitude the balloon drifted south and west to higher geomagnetic cutoffs. The effect of the changing geomagnetic cutoff on the observed spectra was observed during analysis of the proton data along the balloon trajectory. This is the first measurement of the primary and splash albedo spectra over a wide rigidity range (few hundred MV to about 100 GV) with a single instrument.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; 5 p.|IUPAP, International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jan 06, 1990 - Jan 19, 1990; Adelaide; Australia
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Particle astrophysics - The NASA cosmic ray program for the 1990s and beyond (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Various papers on particle astrophysics are presented. Individual topics addressed include: the NASA cosmic ray (CR) program for the 1990s and beyond, SAMPEX Mission overview, the Advanced Composition Explorer, Positron Electron Magnet Spectrometer for the Eos Mission, Heavy Nucleus Collector for Space Station, the Astromag Facility, Large Isotope Spectrometer for Astromag, the Solar Probe Mission, the Mercury Dual Orbiter Mission, CRs in the heliosphere, origin of high-energy Galactic CRs, CR studies with the Gamma-Ray Observatory, gamma-ray astronomy at 1 TeV, experimental search for point sources above 1 TeV, the UMC Extensive Air Shower Array, status of the MACRO experiment. Also discussed are: CRs above 1 TeV/n and neutrino astronomy, abundance of ultraheavy nuclei in solar energetic particles, CR studies with an interstellar probe, isotopic composition of CR nuclei beyond the iron peak, experimental studies of CR isotopic composition up to Zr-40, use of accelerators in particle astrophysics, development of long-duration ballooning in Antarctica, Lunar-Based Heavy Nucleus Detector, neutrino astronomy on the moon, gamma rays at airplane altitudes, source composition of CRs.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Fiber optic and laser sensors VII; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Sept. 5-7, 1989 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Various papers on fiber optic and laser sensors are presented. Individual topics addressed include: fiber optic photoelastic pressure sensor for high-temperature gases, fiber optic gyroscope using an eight-component LiNbO3 integrated optic circuit, design and performance of a fiber optic gyroscope using integrated optics, digital angular position sensor using wavelength division multiplexing, simple repeatable fiber optic intensity sensor for temperature measurement, compensation for effects of ambient temperature on rare-earth-doped fiber optic thermometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SPIE-1169 , Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors VII; Sept. 5-7, 1989; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 5
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    Coronal mass ejections and the injection profiles of solar energetic particle events (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Previous studies using Skylab and Solwind coronagraph observations have shown that almost all E greater than 10 MeV solar energetic proton (SEP) events are associated with the occurrence of a coronal mass ejection (CME). These earlier studies did not address the relationship between the position of the associated CME and the timing of the injection of particles into the interplanetary medium. Ten cases are selected in which a SEP event observed with the GSFC detectors on the IMP 8 or ISEE 3 spacecraft was correlated to a CME well observed by the Solwind coronagraph. The height of the leading edge of the CME is compared with the particle injection profiles for several energy ranges using the solar release times for the particles. The derived injection profiles are found to be increasing and sometimes reaching maximum while the associated CMEs are at heights of 2-10 Ro.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 6
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    The NASA cosmic ray program for the 1990's and beyond (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The interim report of the 1989 NASA Cosmic Ray Program Working Group is presented. The report summarizes the cosmic ray program for the 1990's, including the recently approved ACE, Astromag, HNC, POEMS, and SAMPEX missions, as well as other key elements of the program. New science themes and candidate missions are identified for the first part of the 21st century, including objectives that might be addressed as part of the Human Exploration Initiative. Among the suggested new thrusts for the 21st century are: an Interstellar Probe into the nearby interstellar medium; a Lunar-Based Calorimeter to measure the cosmic ray composition near 10 exp 16 eV; high-precision element and isotope spectroscopy of ultraheavy elements; and new, more sensitive studies of impulsive solar flare events.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 7
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    Planar Laser Imaging of Sprays for Liquid Rocket Studies (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A planar laser imaging technique which incorporates an optical polarization ratio technique for droplet size measurement was studied. A series of pressure atomized water sprays were studied with this technique and compared with measurements obtained using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer. In particular, the effects of assuming a logarithmic normal distribution function for the droplet size distribution within a spray was evaluated. Reasonable agreement between the instrument was obtained for the geometric mean diameter of the droplet distribution. However, comparisons based on the Sauter mean diameter show larger discrepancies, essentially because of uncertainties in the appropriate standard deviation to be applied for the polarization ratio technique. Comparisons were also made between single laser pulse (temporally resolved) measurements with multiple laser pulse visualizations of the spray.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: 27th JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting; Nov 05, 1990 - Nov 09, 1990; Cheyenne, WY; United States|JHU, The 27th JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting, Volume 1; p 611-621
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  • 8
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    The anomalous component of cosmic rays (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The paper discusses the nature of the anomalous component in the quiet-time cosmic-ray flux, which was observed first by Garcia-Munoz et al. (1973) and Hovestadt et al. (1973). Models of the anomalous component suggest that most of its observed properties, including the composition, time-dependence, energy spectrum, and spatial gradients, can be understood as a natural consequence of the acceleration of freshly-ionized interstellar neutral atoms at the termination shock of the solar wind. It is shown that the models reasonably agree with observations under the condition that the polar heliospheric magnetic field is modified to be larger and more transverse than its present models, as suggested by Jokipii and Kota (1989). The models suggest that the energy density of the anomalous component may modify the solar wind flow and shock if the shock is at a heliospheric distance which is significantly greater than 80-100 AU.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: COSPAR Colloquium; Sept. 19-22, 1989; Warsaw; Poland
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  • 9
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    Ion acceleration to cosmic ray energies (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The acceleration and transport environment of the outer heliosphere is described schematically. Acceleration occurs where the divergence of the solar-wind flow is negative, that is at shocks, and where second-order Fermi acceleration is possible in the solar-wind turbulence. Acceleration at the solar-wind termination shock is presented by reviewing the spherically-symmetric calculation of Webb et al. (1985). Reacceleration of galactic cosmic rays at the termination shock is not expected to be important in modifying the cosmic ray spectrum, but acceleration of ions injected at the shock up to energies not greater than 300 MeV/charge is expected to occur and to create the anomalous cosmic ray component. Acceleration of energetic particles by solar wind turbulence is expected to play almost no role in the outer heliosphere. The one exception is the energization of interstellar pickup ions beyond the threshold for acceleration at the quasi-perpendicular termination shock.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: COSPAR Colloquium; Sept. 19-22, 1989; Warsaw; Poland
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  • 10
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    Thermal detection of X-rays (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The development of calorimeters is described in terms of their proposed application to sounding-rocket investigations of cosmic X-ray sources. The fundamental theory of the energy resolution of the devices is given, and general discussions are presented regarding the limitations associated with the materials used and available thermometer types. Also given are data describing electrical nonlinearity as a function of temperature, thermistor sensitivity, and heat capacity, as well as data regarding the excess noise that aids in the conduction process. Cryogenic calorimeters based on doped semiconductor thermistors are found to be limited, although thermal detectors have important applications to high-resolution laboratory spectroscopy. Electrical nonlinearity and the excess noise are found to be important for obtaining optimum heat capacity in the thermistor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Workshop; Sept. 20-23, 1989; L''Aquila; Italy
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