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  • Articles  (389)
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  • Articles  (389)
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  • 1990-1994  (389)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary experiments of flow induced crystallization of HDPE (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow-induced crystallization experiments are made in a capillary apparatus modified with a downstream reservoir under pressure. Capillary length, diameter, and entrance angle are changed, as well as flow rate. The results show that the crystallization temperature is influenced both by the elongational flow at the capillary entrance and by the shear flow along the capillary. The independent effect of the pressure equals that obtained under static conditions. The effect of shear is correlated in terms of shearing work.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the compression zone height in continuous thickeners (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method to calculate the compression zone height in continuous thickeners is presented. With this method, it is necessary to know the variations of the pulp-supernatant interface and the sediment height vs. time in a batch test. This method is discussed considering the following aspects: relationship between the settling rate of solids and their concentration in the settling zone; and the compression of solids due to the squeeze transmitted by the upper layers - unbuoyed weight of particles minus force of friction due to the Darcian flow. When the variation of the sediment height vs. time becomes linear, it is possible to calculate the maximum solids concentration which can be reached by sedimentation. The change of the solids matrix permeability and its influence on the method proposed are also analyzed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluidized bed drying of solids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model is developed for the drying of solids in fluidized beds, assuming a falling rate period following a constant rate period. Experimental data obtained using batch and continuous single and spiral fluidized beds are satisfactorily matched with the assumed drying kinetics and the residence time distribution of solids appropriate for the type of dryer.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The backfill cycle of the pressure swing adsorption process (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The backfill cycle in the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation of air to produce an enriched oxygen product using a zeolite 5A molecular sieve was studied theoretically and experimentally. The effects of the backfill cycle, cycle configuration, backfill rate, pressurisation rate, and product rate were studied. The theory agreed well with the experimental results in predicting the product oxygen concentration over a wide range of backfill pressures, thus giving a basic understanding of the bed dynamics of the backfill cycle. The theory showed that the backfill rate and adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were the most important parameters governing the efficiency of the PSA process. We showed that, given an adequate backfill pressure, a separate pressurization step could be omitted by incorporating it with the product release step with no detrimental effect on the product oxygen concentrations while increasing adsorbent productivity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble-size distribution in Fischer-Tropsch-derived waxes in a bubble column (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble sizes were measured for molten wax-nitrogen systems using photography and dynamic gas disengagement. The effects of operating conditions, system geometry and wax type were studied in 0.05- and 0.23-m-diameter by 3-m-tall bubble columns. Both techniques were used with FT-300 wax, while only the dynamic gas disengagement technique could be used with reactor waxes due to their dark color. For FT-300 wax, Sauter mean diameters obtained from photographs taken near the column wall were significantly lower than those obtained from photographs taken near the center. The ds values obtained from dynamic gas disengagement and photographic (near the column center) methods, for this noncoalescing medium, were in the range 0.5-1.6 mm in the large-diameter column. For reactor waxes, ds values were significantly higher (1-2 mm for Sasol and 1-5.5 mm for Mobil's reactor wax) and are in agreement with results reported in earlier studies with similar waxes (ds = 2-4 mm), where different experimental techniques (light transmission or hot wire anemometry) were employed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to organizing the EOS model in process simulators (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ullman's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. vols. B2, B3: Unit operations I, II edited by Barbara Elvers, Michael Ravenscroft, James Rounsaville, Gail Schulz; Wolfgang Gerhartz, Executive Editor, VCH Publishers, New York, 1988, approx. 850 pp. / vol., $190.00 vol (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360121
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt blowing: General equation development and experimental verification (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 175-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model has been developed for steady polymer melt blowing. This model includes the dominant effect that the forwarding air has upon the process. Inertial, gravitational and heat transfer effects are also included. The model equations are solved numerically with both Newtonian and viscoelastic (Phan-Thien and Tanner) constitutive equations. The predicted results compare favorably with actual experimental data.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unifying indicator and instantaneous reaction methods of measuring micromixing (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Instantaneous chemical reactions, either themselves or together with chemical indicators, have previously been used as probes of turbulent micromixing. Both methods obtain statistics of the micromixing from measurement of time mean quantities. The mean reactant concentration, which is the quantity measured in the instantaneous reaction method, is shown here to be the integral with respect to feed concentration ratio of the mean color density, which is the quantity measured in the chemical indicator method. Differentiation of the mean color density gives the scalar probability density while integration gives the mean reactant concentration. Measurements of the color density of bromothymol blue at the centerline of a turbulent jet of base mixing with acid are used as an example.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360208
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of the magnetic resonance imaging signal from a foam (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360215
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry scrubbing using calcium hydroxide (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Absract.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360318
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flow (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 523-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Detailed knowledge of solids circulation, bubble motion, and frequencies of porosity oscillations is needed for a better understanding of tube erosion in fluidized bed combustors. A predictive two-phase flow model was derived starting with the Boltzman equation for velocity distribution of particles. The model is a generalization of the Navier-Stokes equations of the type proposed by R. Jackson, except that the solids viscosities and stresses are computed by simultaneously solving a fluctuating energy equation for the particulate phase. The model predictions agree with time-averaged and instantaneous porosities measured in two-dimensional fluidized beds. Observed flow patterns and bubbles were also predicted.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360404
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of restricted diffusion in porous catalysts by NMR (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion of 1,3,5 tri-tert-butylbenzene (TTB) into cylindrical γ-alumina extrudates of varying micropore diameter and macropore volume has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. The proton NMR signal of the methyl proton of TTB in the micropores of the alumina extrudate was found to be well resolved and shifted upfield relative to that in the bulk liquid by 0.55 ppm. The area under the shifted peak is proportional to the liquid concentration of TTB in the micropores. The change in the intensity of this peak as a function of time and measurements of the amount of TTB absorbed on the surface alumina at equilibrium were used to calculate the effective diffusivity of TTB in each extrudate. Measured values of the effective diffusivity are in reasonable agreement with predictions using correlations in the literature. These observations suggest a new method for measuring the liquid-phase effective diffusivity in porous materials.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360407
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical solutions of emulsion polymerization models (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 623-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360413
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial condition for population balance in an MSMPR crystallizer (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 630-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360415
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering fundamentals: An introduction to principles and applications. by Carl Kammermeyer and Virginia L. Clark, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, 261 pp., $45.00 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 639-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360417
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and dissolution of succinic acid crystals in a batch stirred crystallizer (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 665-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and dissolution of succinic acid crystals have been studied in an isothermal stirred tank crystallizer. Seeded desupersaturation and deundersaturation experiments have been performed. Parameters of a desired growth rate equation are estimated by fitting the supersaturation balance equation directly to the supersaturation measurements. The procedure is based on nonlinear optimization techniques. Thus, uncertainties in the traditional approximation of the concentration vs. time curve are circumvented. The growth process for succinic acid crystals in an aqueous solution is found to be controlled by a significant resistance in both the volume diffusion step and in the surface integration step. An implicit equation is given to accurately represent the crystal growth rate as a function of the supersaturation. When extrapolating outside the range of experiments, this equation is shown to predict growth rates that are significantly different from those predicted by a corresponding power law expression. The dissolution rate exhibits a nonlinear dependence on undersaturation which is interpreted as changes in the crystal shape. Initial dissolution rate coefficients are in good agreement with volume diffusion coefficients obtained from growth experiments.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360504
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of multilayer extrusion of viscoelastic liquids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 710-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A linear stability analysis of multilayer plane Poiseuille flow of Oldroyd-B liquids with shear rate dependent viscosities is performed for an arbitary number of layers. Asymptotic solutions at long wavelengths and numerical solutions at wavelengths of O(1) are obtained for two-dimensional infinitesimal disturbances. The asymptotic solutions are identical for viscoelastic and Newtonian liquids in two- and three-layer flows, except for nearly geometrically symmetric configurations in three-layer flows. Multilayer flows of viscoelastic liquids can be stable at all wavelengths; thus, operating diagrams of stable flows can be constructed. Symmetric and nearly symmetric configurations in three-layer flows are unstable when the core layer is more viscous than the cuter layers. For highly elastic liquids, stability is not influenced by elasticity, whereas shear thinning always destabilizes the flow. The analysis provides guidelines to avoid interfacial instabilities, which originate inside dies of multilayer extrusion.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360508
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pitch-to-diameter effect on two-phase flow across an in-line tube bundle (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 765-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Void fraction and friction pressure drop measurements were made for an adiabatic, vertical two-phase flow of air-water across two horizontal, in-line, 5 × 20 rod bundles, one with a pitch-to-diameter ratio, P/D, of 1.3, the other 1.75. For both bundles the average void fraction showed a strong mass velocity effect and values were significantly less than those predicted by a homogeneous flow model. All void fraction data were found to be well correlated, with no P/D effect, using the dimensionless gas velocity, j*g. The two-phase friction multiplier data exhibited a strong effect of P/D and mass velocity, however, the data for both bundles could be well correlated with the Martinelli parameter for G 〉 200 kg/m2s. The correlations developed for void fraction and two-phase friction multiplier were successfully tested in predicting the total pressure drop in boiling freon experiments.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360513
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption uptake curves of ethylene on Cu(I)-NaY zeolite (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 789-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360518
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  • 22
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    Influence of finite jets on mass transfer in radial-flow, multijet CVD reactors (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 801-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360521
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics of gas-agitated liquid-liquid dispersions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 677-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-agitated liquid-liquid dispersions arise in applications as diverse as direct hydrogenation processes for bitumen and coal, and the manufacture of iron and steel. The transfer of gas-phase constitutents to the dispersed liquid phase and/or elution of dispersed-phase drops have been identified as potential limiting phenomena in these processes. Consequently, mean drop size and drop size distribution are key design variables. In this paper, the impact of gas flux and the physical properties of dispersed-phase constitutents on the steady-state size distribution of liquid drops in lean liquid-liquid dispersions is quantified. The physical properties of the dispersed phase are shown to have a significant impact on drop size and drop-size distribution at low gas fluxes. Sauter mean drop size is correlated using theoretical models for drop break-up and coalescence. All results are compared with stirred tank analogues.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360505
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  • 24
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    Selecting the best distillation control configuration (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 753-764 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The selection of an appropriate control configuration (structure) is the most important decision when designing distillation control systems. The steady state RGA is commonly used in industry for selecting the best structure. One counterexample to the usefulness of this measure is the DB configuration, which has infinite steady state relative gain array (RGA) values, but still good control performance is possible. This is indicated by high-frequency RGA values close to 1. In this paper it is stressed that decisions regarding controller design should be based on the initial response (high-frequency behavior) rather than the steady state.Based on a frequency-dependent RGA analysis and optimal Pl controller designs of four different configurations, the (L/D) (V/B) configuration is found to be the best choice for two-point composition control. The conventional LV configuration performs poorer than the above system, but is preferable if one-point control is used.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360512
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  • 25
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    Reactor analysis with diffusion-limited, concentration-dependent deactivation (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 779-783 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360516
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  • 26
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    Similarity between flashing and nonflashing two-phase flows (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 797-800 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360520
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  • 27
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    The separation network design space (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 943-947 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360616
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  • 28
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    Mass transfer into a turbulent liquid across the zero-shear gas-liquid interface (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 957-960 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360620
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  • 29
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    Robust error-in-variables estimation using nonlinear programming techniques (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 985-993 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For systems described by algebraic or differential equation models where all variables are subject to error, the error-in-variables method (EVM) for parameter estimation has been shown to be superior to standard least-squares techniques. Previous EVM algorithms were developed assuming linear (or linearized) model equations. Unfortunately, many chemical engineering processes operate in strongly nonlinear regions where linear approximations may be inaccurate. In this paper, new algorithms using nonlinear programming techniques for the error-in-variables methods are proposed. In addition, a method for discerning when these methods are necessary is discussed. The proposed algorithms are compared to the least-squares method and traditional error-in-variable approaches. Improved parameter estimates for several steady-state nonlinear processes are demonstrated.
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    A modified smith predictor with an approximate inverse of dead time (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1025-1031 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A compensator that approximates the inverse of dead time at low frequencies in a modified Smith predictor (MSP) control system is proposed, and the design of an MSP control system for it is given. The performance of the MSP with compensator, using a first-order element as a low-pass filter, is described. Analysis and simulation results show that the compensator improves performance in the disturbance rejection of the original Smith predictor.
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    On-line state and parameter Identification of positive photoresist development (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1046-1053 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development phase of the optical photolithography process has long been considered the most crucial, as it is the final image-forming step. Process monitoring methods have focused primarily on end point detection and have not used other inferable on-line information. This paper examines the use of mathematical models in conjunction with on-line development penetration data to determine process changes. An on-line sequential parameter identification scheme is used to calculate a current rate parameter value for the development model, and a Kalman filter is used to reduce erroneous observations caused by measurement noise. A powerful development monitor system results from the combination of real-time data, and on-line parameter and state estimation theory.
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    Ethanol-selective membrane for reverse osmosis of ethanol/water mixture (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1118-1120 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Heat transfer and population characteristics of dispersed evaporating droplets (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1137-1144 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The direct-contact heat transfer to a dispersed population of immiscible evaporating droplets is analyzed. Also studied is a population balance formulation for the distribution of two-phase bubbles, which is similar to that utilized in particle and droplet dispersion analysis and is capable of including bubble coalescence and break-up. It is shown that the method of classes is useful particularly in solving such problems when the growth functions are size- and time-dependent and nonquadratic. The method is applied to a liquid cool-down, representing the initial chilling stage of a direct-contact batch crystallizer or cold-storage unit wherein a vessel containing a liquid is chilled by injecting a dispersion of refrigerant droplets. Transient bubble population characteristics, volumetric heat transfer coefficient, total heat transfer, and liquid temperature are predicted, along with the liquid refrigerant holdup.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Hydrodynamics of particulate motion in sinusoidal pores via a singularity method (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1403-1419 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Axisymmetric motions of suspended spheres and dumbbells through sinusoidally corrugated capillaries are considered as an illustrative model of particulate or macromolecular transport in porous media. Numerical simulations are carried out using a least-squares singularity method, which is well suited to simulating creeping flows in the complicated, time-evolving geometries associated with particle motion through nonrectilinear pores. The numerical method is applied to a representative closure problem, whose solution yields effective transport coefficients describing particulate flow in porous media. With reference to polymer-induced mobility control in enhanced oil recovery, a hydrodynamic mechanism of mobility reduction is studied using a rigid dumbbell polymer model.
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    Solid-liquid mass transfer in packed beds with cocurrent downward two-phase flow (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1444-1448 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Turbulent mixing with multiple second-order chemical reactions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1457-1470 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A molecular-based statistical simulation program was developed to study the covariance terms involved in the mass balance equations for complex chemical reactions during mixing. Several closure theories were compared to the simulations and available experimental data. The simple closure by Brodkey and Lewalle was found to be an extension of Toor's analysis applied to two reactions. This closure does not satisfy the molar fluctuation balance equation and was found only to represent the high Reynolds number data of Li and Toor. This result led to examining other possible closures which were based on Damkoehler numbers, reaction rate constant ratios, and limiting forms of the covariance term. These closures also were inadequate. The second reaction's covariance term varied from the product of the average values for each component to the Brodkey and Lewalle value for the range of Reynolds numbers considered.
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    Unified thermodynamic analysis of sorption in rubbery and glassy materials (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1505-1516 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thermodynamic framework for the analysis of gas sorption in glassy polymers is established in the limit of low sorption levels. The results represent an extension of the Flory-Huggins theory to materials with nonzero internal energy changes due to deformation; the Flory-Huggins theory is recovered in the limit of zero polymer bulk modulus. The sorption isotherm is expressed in terms of the penetrant vapor-phase activity, polymer physical properties, the penetrant partial molar volume, and the heat of mixing. The qualitative form of the isotherm is shown to be unrelated to the presence of excess free volume in the polymer; only quantitative predictions are influenced. The downward curvature of the isotherm is due to the thermodynamics of solid deformation. Explicit relationships between the parameters of this work and the dual-mode model are given for the low-sorption/high-bulk modulus limit.
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    A two-dimensional model for the free-settling regime in continuous thickening (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1545-1554 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: All classical models for thickening assume one-dimensional continuity. However, the free-settling domain in continuous thickeners is not one-dimensional. Therefore, a two-dimensional model is investigated. The two-dimensional model gives the same values for thickener area demands as the one-dimensional model, but the relationships between batch and steady-state thickening are not the same. Free-settling Kynch characteristics can arise in the continuous operation that do not arise in batch tests. Therefore, design procedures that rely on Kynch theory, such as that of Talmage and Fitch, are not completely valid.A method is developed, based on extrapolating the Kynch or free-settling segment of a batch settling, curve, that yields an improved prediction for thickener area demand.
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    Transport of aromatic molecules in NaY Zeolite powders (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1562-1568 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xenon-129 NMR is used to probe macroscopic distributions of aromatic molecules adsorbed in a packed bed of 1-μm NaY zeolite particles. Relative rates of guest transport through the intracrystalline (micro) and intercrystalline (macro) pores play a unique role in the axial distribution of sorbate molecules, such as hexamethylbenzene, in a zeolite powder. Xenon-129 NMR spectra show that a sharp HMB adsorption front advances through a bed of dehydrated NaY crystallites at 523 K. However, at 573 K or in the presence of coadsorbed water, HMB species disperse through the bed without forming a sharp boundary between adsorption zones.When guest transport is controlled by pseudosteady-state diffusion in the macropores, axial penetration of the bed by vapor-phase guest species occurs in a sharp adsorption front. A shrinking-core transport model then quantitatively estimates the intracrystalline diffusivities of HMB in dehydrated and partially hydrated NaY zeolite of 10-11 and 10-13 m2/s, respectively, at 523 K. Xenon-129 NMR proves to be a powerful tool for probing adsorbed guest distribution in zeolites, allowing relative time scales to be established for transport of molecular guests in NaY powders.
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    Novel liquid-in-pore configurations in membrane solvent extraction (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1592-1596 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Partitioning and adsorption of aromatic compounds on microporous Silica gel (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1605-1609 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Viscosity effects in cocurrent three-phase fluidization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1613-1616 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide with tertiary Amines in aqueous solution (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1633-1640 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction of CO2 with TEA, DMMEA, and DEMEA has been studied at 293, 303, 318 and 333 K. All the kinetic experiments were carried out in a stirred cell reactor operated with a flat, smooth and horizontal gas-liquid interface. A numerical method, which describes mass transfer accompanied by reversible chemical reactions, has been applied to infer rate constants from the experimental data. It is argued that the contribution of the CO2 reaction with OH- to the observed reaction rate may have been overstimated in most literature on tertiary amine kinetics as serious depletion of OH- toward the gas-liquid interface usually occurs.For all the amines studied, the reaction order in amine was found to be about one for each temperature investigated. This is in good agreement with the base catalysis mechanism proposed by Donaldson and Nguyen (1980). All kinetic data could be summarized reasonably well in one Brønsted relationship.
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    Vector processing strategies for chemical process flowsheeting (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1687-1696 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential for effective vectorization of the sequential-modular, simultaneous-modular, and equation-based approaches to process flowsheeting is assessed. The last appears to be the most promising, but the required sparse matrix techniques currently used do not vectorize well. Different approaches to vectorizing the sparse matrix calculation are considered. With a good matrix reordering scheme, the most promising sparse matrix strategy for the vectorization of flowsheeting problems is the frontal method, a technique currently used primarily on finite-element problems.
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    Optimizing the throughput of hazardous waste incinerators (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1707-1714 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work presents a linear, steady-state model of a rotary kiln hazardous waste incinerator. Mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, constraints typically imposed by incinerator permits, and constraints imposed by design limitations are all included in the model. The model is used to perform optimization studies, which maximize a measure of the incinerator's throughput. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainties in the chemical property values of the waste streams is also examined. For the spectrum of case studies examined, the optimal operating conditions are most sensitive to halogen content and water content of the wastes and are less sensitive to variations in heating value and nitrogen content.
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    Supercritical extraction of organic mixtures from aqueous solutions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1743-1747 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Modeling the SO2-slurry droplet reaction (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1865-1872 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of the reaction between SO2 and calcium-based slurries is presented. The model is coupled with an extensive model of the evaporation process and considers external SO2 mass transfer and liquid-phase mass transfer of dissolved sulfur and calcium species in both the film surrounding the calcium particles and the bulk liquid phase. The model assumes that particles do not circulate within slurry droplets and that evaporation results in an accumulation of particles at the droplet surface that causes a shift in the controlling mechanisms. Agreement between the model and data available in the literature is excellent.
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    Spatial instabilities in the regeneration of diesel-particulate filters (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 353-360 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An instability is proposed that can lead to channel formation during the regeneration of monolithic diesel-particulate filters. This instability, which occurs during the transport-controlled combustion of the soot bed, is compared to a kinetically driven instability by using a numerical model for channel growth. Both mechanisms are shown to be important and may lead to higher thermal stresses in the filter wall. It is suggested that both mechanisms can be controlled by the ratio of the filter-plate to soot-bed flow resistance, lateral heat transfer, and other design parameters.
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    Masthead (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Critical properties of dilute multicomponent mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 897-906 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equations for the critical properties of dilute multicomponent mixtures have been derived using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The utility and limitations of the approach are described using data on 47 mixtures from the literature. New data on three dilute multicomponent mixtures have also been measured in this work and are compared with the predictions of our method. In general, it is possible to predict all three critical properties of dilute multicomponent systems with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Predictions are as good as those obtained from conventional equation of state methods, which employ a rigorous solution of the Gibbs criteria for the critical point, but offer the advantage that no iterations are required in the calculations.
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    Solvent expansion and solute solubility predictions in gas-expanded liquids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 939-942 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Mechanism of flow regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 955-956 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Thermal integration of homogeneous azeotropic distillation sequences (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 969-984 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Existing methods for synthesizing thermally-integrated distillation sequences fail frequently when applied to nonideal and azeotropic systems, because increasing the column pressures often introduces new azeotropes and distillation boundaries into the mixture, which make some separation tasks infeasible. A new thermal integration procedure is presented that combines a bifurcation and residue-curve map analysis with the methods of Andrecovich and Westerberg. The procedure is demonstrated with two commercially important separations: ethanol-water-ethylene glycol and methanol-acetone-water. Energy savings of 65% and 40%, respectively, over the optimized nonintegrated sequences are possible.
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    Simultaneous synthesis of mass-exchange and regeneration networks (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1209-1219 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic procedure is developed for the simultaneous synthesis of primary transfer mass-exchange networks and their associated mass-exchange regeneration networks. The purpose of the primary transfer network is to preferentially transfer certain species from a set of rich streams to a set of lean streams. The regeneration network aims at regenerating any recyclable lean stream. The proposed procedure deals with the problem in two stages. In the first stage, a mixed-integer nonlinear program is solved to minimize the cost of mass-separating and regenerating agents. The solution of this program provides the location of the pinch points as well as the optimal flow rates of all the lean and the regenerative streams without any prior commitment to the network structure. In the second stage, a mixed-integer linear program is solved to minimize the number of exchangers in both networks. An example problem with industrial relevance is solved to elucidate the merits offered by the devised synthesis procedure.
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    Letters to the editor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1453-1455 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    The fractal approach to heterogeneous chemistry: Surfaces, colloids, polymers. Edited by David Avnir, Wiley, New York. 1989, 460 pp., $75.00 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1456-1456 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Intensification of pressure swing adsorption processes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1299-1312 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Scaling rules have been developed which are able to change the dimension of a pressure swing adsorption plant keeping its main performance constant. Such scaling rules result from a system of algebraic equations which arises by constraining the solution of a fairly general dimensionless mathematical model to be the same in the old and new plant configuration. Different heat and mass transfer mechanisms, purification, and multicomponent bulk separation processes, both isothermal and nonisothermal, have been considered. Furthermore, the influence of different equilibrium isotherms and the main practical limitations have been discussed. The application of these rules shows that column size can be reduced significantly by using smaller particles in shorter beds with rapid cycles.
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    Measurement of transport enhancement in oscillatory liquid membranes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1259-1262 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360816
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    Estimation of surface diffusion through porous media (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1249-1254 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed to describe steady-state nonequilibrium surface diffusion of an adsorbing gas through an energetically homogeneous porous medium by assuming that the adsorption isotherm is linear and that the gas-surface mass transfer can be described by the linear driving force model. Analytical solutions for the model are reported. It is found that the conventional assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas and surface phases within the porous medium can seriously underestimate the surface diffusivity when the mass transfer rate is finite. Also, the length of the porous medium becomes a critical variable in that case.Meaningful estimation of surface diffusivity also requires that the gas phase diffusivity through the porous medium be accurately known. The estimated surface diffusivity is model dependent when local thermodynamic equilibrium is not established instantaneously. Modeling surface diffusion can be very complex when the surface is energetically heterogeneous.
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    Energy requirements of nonconventional distillation systems (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1275-1278 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    A numerical study of mass transfer in free falling wavy films (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1379-1390 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical simulations of mass transfer into falling liquid films, both through the wavy interface and from the wall, have been performed for experimentally measured large waves within which the flow fields have been computed. Experiments have shown that the occurrence of waves on free falling films causes dramatic increases in mass transfer into the film, even under laminar flow conditions. Wave effects have been modeled in several ways, none of which predicts the observed rate of enhancement. The present numerical procedure includes solving the convective-diffusion equation for wavy films by extending a technique developed for hydrodynamic simulation. The presence of waves is shown to cause significant velocities normal to each interface. In conjunction with recirculation within the large waves, these flow patterns produce transfer rates for large waves that are several times larger than predicted for quasiparallel velocity fields. Experimental wave structure data were used to define the dimensions and frequency of an average large wave and surrounding substrate. Computed transfer rates at both the gas-liquid interface and the wall for a film composed of a periodic sequence of average waves agree well with published data. These simulations confirm the inadequacy of parabolic, or Kapitza-type velocity profiles in formulating transport models.
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    Adsorption equilibria of nonideal multicomponent systems at saturation (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1736-1742 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Gas-liquid mass transfer in stirred tanks (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1768-1772 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Diffusion-controlled surfactant adsorption studied by pendant drop digitization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1785-1795 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pendant drop tensiometry enhanced by video-image digitization is shown to be a useful tool for the experimental measurement of the relaxation in interfacial tension due to the adsorption of surfactant at a fluid interface. Using this method, profiles of the relaxation in surface tension of a diffusion-controlled, nonionic polyethoxy surfactant were measured. A diffusion coefficient was computed by comparing these profiles with numerical solutions of the bulk surfactant diffusion equation and a Frumkin equilibrium adsorption isotherm. This comparison was made for the entire relaxation period. This method establishes a more reproducible diffusion coefficient than current techniques that utilize only the short- or long-time parts of the relaxation spectrum. In addition, lower bounds on the kinetic constants for the sorption process are inferred for the polyethoxy surfactant used by comparing numerical solutions of mixed diffusion and surface kinetic transfer with the diffusion-limited result.
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    Limiting vs. apparent critical behavior of Henry's constants and K factors (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1901-1904 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Revised vapor-liquid equilibrium model for multicomponent formaldehyde mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1807-1814 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formaldehyde is one of the most important intermediate products of the chemical industry. Due to its high reactivity, it is commonly handled in aqueous or methanolic solutions. In these solutions, formaldehyde is dissolved chemically. Therefore, modeling thermodynamic properties of aqueous and methanolic formaldehyde-containing mixtures require the consideration of chemical reactions and physical effects. A recently published physico-chemical model (Maurer, 1986) for the description of vapor-liquid equilibria of these systems is tested and improved on the basis of about 140 new experimental data points for mixtures containing formaldehyde, water, methanol, and trioxane at temperatures between 320 and 380 K and pressures below 100 kPa. Improvements are achieved by fitting some of those binary interaction parameters, which formerly had to be estimated due to the lack of experimental data. The revised model is able to reliably predict vapor-liquid equilibria in multicomponent formaldehyde-containing mixtures.
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    Five-year effort accelerates publication process (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1-1 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360102
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    Oxygen transport in biofilm electrodes for screening of toxic chemicals (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 19-28 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A biosensor electrode system with unique configuration and a thin layer of immobilized yeast cells, set on the surface of an amperometric oxygen membrane electrode, was developed for rapid screening of toxic chemicals in a variety of pollution and process control applications. Measurement is based on the instantaneous detection of changes in oxygen respiratory activity of biofilm of yeast cells upon exposure to toxic chemicals.The design of this electrode system, referred to as biofilm electrodes, was based on a mathematical model of oxygen transport in the biofilm and the electrochemical current response. The biofilm, which consists of three sublayers - boundary layer, filter pad, and yeast cell layer - was modeled as a one composite diffusion layer, or three separate layers in series. While the three layer model is more theoretically complete, the one layer model was more reliable and simpler to use.
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    Extensional flow of a two-phase fiber (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 197-206 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A steady, isothermal flow of a two-phase fiber spinning has been studied. To investigate the spinline velocity profile affected by the interaction between two fluids with different rheological properties, a Newtonian and an upper-convected Maxwell fluid were considered to be the core and skin layers, respectively. Unlike the one-dimensional analysis, which has been the typical approach for spinning flows, radial dependency of the flow field was maintained in our analysis. Consequently, a set of partial differential equations were derived for the flow field in the draw-down region where lubrication scalings are applicable. Asymptotic solutions were then obtained for two limiting cases, where the Deborah number of the skin layer is small and the applied axial tension is large. When the Deborah number of the skin layer is small, a velocity correction to the Newtonian profile indicates a strong effect of the flow rate ratio as well as the shear viscosity ratio of the two fluids. For the case of a large applied tension, which is more relevant to industrial practice, very interesting flow behaviors are predicted. In this limit, the viscoelasticity effect of the skin layer is shown to be dominant and dictates the mechanics of the flow even when both its flow rate and shear viscosity may be much smaller than those of the Newtonian core layer. The result also predicts that hoop stress has a negligible effect on the axial velocity profile.
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    Synthesis of multivariable nonlinear controllers by input/output linearization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 249-264 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work concerns the synthesis of nonlinear controllers for multivariable nonlinear processes that make the closed-loop system linear in an input/output sense. Necessary and sufficient conditions for input/output linearizability via static state feedback are derived as well as formulas for the feedback law. Once such a static state feedback is applied to the process, an external multivariable linear controller with integral action can control it to set point. The proposed control methodology is tested through simulations in a semibatch copolymerization reactor example.
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    A study of multicomponent adsorption equilibria by liquid chromatography (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 275-281 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equilibrium relations for the fructose-dextran-water system on silica gel have been determined by a liquid chromatographic method. The experimental procedure discussed provides a simple and straightforward means of determining adsorption equilibria. The ternary adsorption equilibria, derived from chromatographic retention time measurements of binary systems, are verified by the equilibrium theory developed by Gluekauf (1949).
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    Effect of pressure on an enzymatic reaction in a supercritical fluid (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 299-301 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Masthead (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Thermoflow multiplicity in a cooled tube (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 397-408 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coupling between the momentum and energy balances and the change of physical properties with temperature can give rise to situations in which the pressure drop vs. flow rate curve is nonmonotonic. This can lead to thermoflow multiplicity - the existence of different flow rates in a tube under the same overall pressure drop. A two-dimensional model is used to analyze the conditions leading to thermoflow multiplicity for an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid flowing in a cooled tube. First, the multiplicity features of various limiting models are determined. These results are later used to gain an understanding of the asymptotic multiplicity features of the general model. The results show that the temperature sensitivity of the viscosity necessary for thermoflow multiplicity to occur decreases with increasing Brinkman number or β (modified Stanton number), or with decreasing cooling temperature, Biot number, or power law parameter. Multiple flow rates for a prescribed pressure drop are unlikely to occur in heat exchangers in which the Brinkman numbers are usually low and Biot numbers are high but may be found in polymer processing applications.
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    Diffusion from spheres in a continuous-flow stirred tank (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1011-1016 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solvent diffusion from spheres at constant mass-transfer Fourier number, FoM, in a single continuous-flow stirred tank (CFST) and in a series of CFSTs is simulated. A transfer efficiency is defined and transfer efficiency curves are constructed as a function of FoM and the residence time distribution of the spheres in the system. The fraction of solvent removed from the spheres in a series of CFSTs can be approximated using the transfer efficiency curves and knowledge of the operating conditions in each tank. The usefulness of the curves to predict solvent removal from polymer spheres under pilot-plant conditions is examined.
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    Bouncing motions of liquid drops between tilted parallel-plate electrodes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1039-1045 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports on experimental and analytic studies on translational motions of liquid drops in an immiscible, dielectric liquid confined by a pair of tilted parallel-plate electrodes, across which a steady electric field is being applied. With an increase of the strength of the field, drops begin to bounce back and forth between the electrodes while falling down along the axis of tilt of the electrodes. The bouncing motions are found to be predictable with a reasonable accuracy by using a simple model constructed within the framework of conventional fluid mechanics and electrostatics.
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    The Benzylphenylether thermolysis mechanism: Insights from phase behavior (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1129-1136 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermolysis of benzylphenylether (BPE) was examined at 320°C in liquid, vapor, and supercritical methanol phases as a probe of the reaction mechanism. Toluene and phenol were the major products in all cases, but observed selectivities were dependent upon the reaction phase. Isotopic labeling experiments demonstrated that methanol participated in the reaction network as a hydrogen donor through a free-radical mechanism. These results are consistent with free-radical steps for neat BPE primary pyrolysis that include BPE fission followed by hydrogen abstraction and radical recombination reactions. A detailed set of 21 free-radical steps quantitatively explains the dependence of the selectivity and conversion on the phase behavior.
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    Near-critical phenomena and resolution in supercritical fluid chromatography (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1163-1175 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis in this paper shows the relationship between molecular resolution in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and certain divergent thermodynamic properties of solutes dissolved in near-critical fluids. This divergence is most pronounced in the near-critical regime, leading to the hypothesis that this region provides most promise for heightened molecular resolution, which lies at the heart of analytical and separation technologies.A thermodynamic model for representing capacity factor data in SFC is proposed, spanning a wide density range. The model uses a perturbed hard sphere equation for the fluid phase and lattice concepts for the stationary phase. In addition, data are presented for a number of systems and discussed in terms of the analysis provided. For an isomeric system, the data shows that resolution between species increases with the onset of retrograde behavior, resulting in a distinct maximum point.
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    Analysis of bioproduct separation using gel-enclosed adsorbents (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1239-1248 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of “gel-enclosed” adsorbents was recently introduced for whole fermentation broth processing. The term “gel-enclosed adsorbents” in this paper refers to small adsorbent particles such as the ones used in affinity or ion-exchange chromatography enclosed within a protective, spherical, semipermeable gel barrier. The barrier can be in the form of an entrapment matrix where a porous gel matrix in itself contains entrapped adsorbent particles, or in the form of an encapsulating membrane where an aqueous spherical core containing the adsorbent particles is enclosed by a gel membrane. Both experimental and theoretical analyses were carried out to elicit a more fundamental view of the diffusion and adsorption phenomena occurring within these forms of adsorbents. Furthermore, the effective porosity of the gel matrix and the effective diffusivities of the species being separated, as well as their adsorption behavior combined result in what is here termed “kinetic selectivity”.
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    Absorption of carbon dioxide into asqueous solutions of triethanolamine (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1263-1266 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Upgrading of solvent extracted Athabasca Bitumen by membrane ultrafiltration (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1279-1282 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360821
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    Stirring characteristics in bioreactors (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1361-1369 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distribution data of local values of specific kinetic energy of medium flow in the bioreactor volume made it possible to determine some integral criteria. The relationship of these criteria, microorganism growth and biosynthesis characteristics was studied in 5-5,000-L bioreactors. Energy-efficient stirring systems that ensure a minimum damage of cells have been also studied.
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    Kinetics and mechanism of ilmenite reduction with carbon monoxide (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1433-1438 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Influence of molecular shape on probing mass transfer resistances on zeolites (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1500-1504 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer resistances in zeolite NaCaA after different hydrothermal pretreatment are probed by NMR tracer desorption studies with the short-chain-length hydrocarbons from methane to n-butane and with xenon. In all cases, the measurements lead to the coinciding result of forming surface barriers, which differ only slightly depending on the pretreatment modes, but lead to a retardation of molecular mass transfer more dramatically than the starting material. The dramatic retardation of mass transfer after hydrothermal pretreatment is confirmed by supplementary uptake measurements with n-decane.
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    Kinetics of nucleation from aqueous solution (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1536-1544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Homogeneous nucleation is achieved in aqueous systems by creating adequately high levels of supersaturations. This process can be fully described by considering depletion of supersaturation due to simultaneous growth of the nuclei. Nielsen (1964) formulated this by integrating the growth kinetics with classical nucleation theory. This paper uses his combined nucleation-growth approach, as well as more recently developed mechanisms of adding monomers to developing nuclei (Chiang et al., 1988). The experimental data considered suggest that the systems fall into two categories: one involving the same mechanism for nucleation and growth and the other involving different mechanisms. A dimensionless parameter which evolves in the development permits the comparison of the rate of nuclei formation with that of nuclei growth. The inferences from this approach suggest further that the surface energy parameter is an indicator of the category to which a solution system belongs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361009
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    CO oxidation on Pt: Variable phasing of inputs during forced composition cycling (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1796-1806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of forced feed composition cycling for CO oxidation on platinum has been performed. A novel approach to forced composition cycling was examined, in which the phase angle between the two input streams was varied. Reaction rate enhancement is shown to occur, and by varying the phasing of the feed streams it is possible to achieve a global maximum in the time-average reaction rate. This phenomenon can be explained quantitatively by a model based on an adsorbate-induced phase change of the Pt surface combined with CO adsorption self-exclusion. This mathematical model can also quantitatively describe the complex steady-state behavior (uniqueness-multiplicity transitions) observed for this reaction. The predictions of the model have been validated further through a detailed experimental study of the effects of feed flow rate, temperature, size of catalyst charge, and cycling frequency on the instantaneous and time-average conversions during forced cycling of the feed composition.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361203
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    High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium with a UNIFAC-based equation of state (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1829-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent procedures developed by Heidemann (1990) and by Michelsen (1990a, b) enable us to formally incorporate excess Gibbs energy model parameters into a fully consistent equation of state, cith accurate reproduction of the behavior of the excess Gibbs energy model at atmospheric pressure.This paper investigates the ability of the mixing rules proposed by Michelsen to predict high-pressure phase equilibrium, when used in combination with the parameter table of modified UNIFAC. Considering that a group contribution method is used for the excess Gibbs energy and that model parameters are extrapolated over a 200 K temperature interval, quite satisfactory results are obtained for the mixtures investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361207
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  • 88
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    An improved technique for PID controller tuning from closed-loop tests (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1891-1895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361212
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    On the number of steady states of the nonadiabatic tubular reactor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1905-1907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361215
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  • 90
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    Mean field calculations of thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1920-1925 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361219
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    Clatrate Hydrates of Natural gases. By E. Dendy Sloan, Jr., Marcel Dekker, lnc., New York, 1990, 664 pp., $125.00(U.S. and Canada), $150.00 (other countries) (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1931-1932 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361223
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  • 92
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    New developments in biotechnology: Patenting life. Compiled by the Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, 208 pp., $69.95 (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1934-1934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361226
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  • 93
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    Optimum design of a Tee mixer for fast reactions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1773-1776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361122
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    Masthead (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361201
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  • 95
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    Adsorption of amine and paints on H-form resin from electrodeposition waste water (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1815-1821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wastewater of electrodeposition painting process contained diisopropanolamine, unknown three paints, and solvents (butylcellosolve and/or ethylcellosolve). The recovery of the amine and paints from the real wastewater by adsorption on an H-form strong acid ion exchanger appeared feasible technically and economically.Equilibrium isotherms and breakthrough curves have been determined experimentally. The selectivity for the amine adsorption on the resin was fairly high. Solvents were not adsorbed on the resin. The components of the wastewater showed typical breakthrough curves for multicomponent system. Theoretical breakthrough curves and intraparticle effective diffusivities of the amine were determined from the analytic solution for rectangular isotherm in the single-component system. Experiments of adsorption, elution and regeneration also have been repeated. The amine and paints adsorbed on the resin were eluted completely by NaOH aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of the amine did not change with repeat times, and the intraparticle effective diffusivity of the amine was constant after the second cycle.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361205
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    Thermodynamics of Lewis acid-base mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1851-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The associated perturbed-anisotropic-chain theory (APACT) has been applied to treat multicomponent mixtures, in which components exhibit Lewis acid-base interactions. Mixtures of amphoteric molecules (such as alcohols), acidic molecules (such as chloroform), and basic molecules (such as ketones) as well as nonassociating components (diluents) are treated. The acid-base version of the perturbed-anisotropic-chain theory (ABPACT) is a closed form equation of state that takes into account explicitly dispersion interactions, polar interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions between components that self-associate or solvate. The equation fits binary VLE mixtures quite accurately. Calculated results also are compared with those obtained from the Peng-Robinson equation of state, UNIFAC and the original APACT. In all cases where there are mixtures of associating components, the ABPACT gives a better fit of experimental data than these other equations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361209
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    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficient model of concentrated electrolyte solutions (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1896-1900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361213
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    Flow characteristics of a small-hole sieve tray (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1913-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361217
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    An improved isopiestic method to determine activities in multicomponent mixtures (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1908-1912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361216
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  • 100
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    Mass transfer with chemical reaction in a threehyphen;phase foam-slurry reactor (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies on mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction were conducted in a gas-liquid-solid foam bed contactor under a variety of operating conditions in order to establish the controlling parameters for such a contacting system. Analytical equations were derived in order to predict the influence of solids dissolution on the specific rate of absorption in the stable foam stage of a three-phase foam-slurry reactor. Experimental investigations on the absorption of carbon dioxide in the presence of an aqueous foam-slurry containing calcium hydroxide particles were carried out in order to verify the theoretical model. Results indicate that the gas-liquid interfacial area and gas flow rate strongly affected the rate of mass transfer, while solids holdup affected mass transfer rates only moderately over the range of solids holdup studied. A comparison with conventional chemical reactor configurations (e.g., bubble column, CSTR) was made to demonstrate the gas-liquid-solid system, for which this novel reactor might be employed. Foam stability enhancement, due to the presence of solid particles, was not observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360114
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