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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strict detailed balance is unnecessary in Monte Carlo simulation (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 2753-2756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Detailed balance is an overly strict condition to ensure a valid Monte Carlo simulation. We show that, under fairly general assumptions, a Monte Carlo simulation need satisfy only the weaker balance condition. Not only does our proof show that sequential updating schemes are correct, but also it establishes the correctness of a whole class of new methods that simply leave the Boltzmann distribution invariant. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477973
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimum utility cost of mass exchange networks with variable single component supplies and targets (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 32 (1993), S. 1937-1950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00021a018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dust transport phenomena in a capacitively coupled plasma reactor (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of particulate size on the spatial distribution of dust in a plasma environment is investigated through the simulation of a dust transport model coupled with plasma and neutral models. The dust transport model takes into account all important factors affecting dust behavior (gravitational, electrostatic, ion drag, neutral drag and Brownian forces). A Lagrangian approach is employed for the simulation of the dust transport model, tracking the individual trajectory of each particulate by taking a force balance on the particulate. Trap locations, for dust particles of sizes ranging from a few nm to a few μm, are identified in an electropositive plasma. The simulation results show that dust particles are trapped at locations where the forces acting on them balance. While fine particles tend to be trapped in the bulk, large particles accumulate near bottom sheath boundaries and around material interfaces, such as wafer and electrode edges where a sudden change in electric field occurs. Overall, small particles form a "dome" shape around the center of the plasma reactor and are also trapped in a "ring" near the radial sheath boundaries, while larger particles accumulate only in the "ring." These simulation results are qualitatively in good agreement with experimental observation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1285843
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing the throughput of hazardous waste incinerators (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1707-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work presents a linear, steady-state model of a rotary kiln hazardous waste incinerator. Mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, constraints typically imposed by incinerator permits, and constraints imposed by design limitations are all included in the model. The model is used to perform optimization studies, which maximize a measure of the incinerator's throughput. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainties in the chemical property values of the waste streams is also examined. For the spectrum of case studies examined, the optimal operating conditions are most sensitive to halogen content and water content of the wastes and are less sensitive to variations in heating value and nitrogen content.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of mass exchange networks (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1233-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this work is to introduce the notion of synthesizing mass-exchange networks (MEN's). A systematic, two-stage, procedure is proposed for the synthesis of cost-effective MEN's. In the first stage, a thermodynamically-oriented procedure is used to identify the thermodynamic bottlenecks (pinch points) that limit the extent of mass exchange between the rich and the lean process streams. Preliminary networks, that feature maximum mass exchange, are generated at this stage. The objective of the second stage is to improve the design of these preliminary networks so as to develop a final configuration of the MEN that satisfies the assigned exchange duty at minimum venture cost. This approach is applied to the synthesis of MEN's with single-component targets as well as multicomponent, compatible targets. An illustrative example on the sweetening of coke-oven gas is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed synthesis procedure.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of decentralized process control structures using the concept of block relative gain (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 991-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of block relative gain (BRG) is introduced to define a measure of interaction for decentralized control structures. This new theoretical development generalizes the original Bristol's relative gain array (RGA) to block pairing of inputs and outputs that are not necessarily single-input single-output pairings. Various properties of BRG are rigorously derived and formulated in a mathematical framework suited to analysis and synthesis. Based on these important properties, a methodology is developed for the systematic generation and selective screening of alternative decentralized control structures. Subsequently, a controller design procedure for the most promising decentralized structures is given. A boiler furnace and a system of heat-integrated reactors are used to illustrate the significance and the utility of the proposed method for industrial processes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous synthesis of mass-exchange and regeneration networks (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1209-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic procedure is developed for the simultaneous synthesis of primary transfer mass-exchange networks and their associated mass-exchange regeneration networks. The purpose of the primary transfer network is to preferentially transfer certain species from a set of rich streams to a set of lean streams. The regeneration network aims at regenerating any recyclable lean stream. The proposed procedure deals with the problem in two stages. In the first stage, a mixed-integer nonlinear program is solved to minimize the cost of mass-separating and regenerating agents. The solution of this program provides the location of the pinch points as well as the optimal flow rates of all the lean and the regenerative streams without any prior commitment to the network structure. In the second stage, a mixed-integer linear program is solved to minimize the number of exchangers in both networks. An example problem with industrial relevance is solved to elucidate the merits offered by the devised synthesis procedure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360810
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass/heat-exchange network representation of distillation networks (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1769-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article introduces the “state space” conceptual framework to process synthesis, which is used to provide a novel representation of a distillation network as a composite heat- and mass-exchange network. This representation suggests that distillation network synthesis may best be viewed as an interacting heat- and mass-exchange network synthesis problem. In that regard, familiar tools (such as pinch diagrams) from both heat-exchange network (HEN) and mass-exchange network (MEN) synthesis are shown to be of use in arriving at energy-efficient distillation network designs. Examples of propylene-propane and solvent-water separations are used to illustrate the proposed conceptual framework.
    Additional Material: 48 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An underwood-like model for a finite mass exchanger (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1843-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is presented for a multicomponent, two-stream, countercurrent mass exchanger with a finite number of stages. The model relates the outlet compositions to the inlet compositions and the flow rate ratio of the two streams going through the exchanger, as well as the number of stages in the exchanger. An iterative solution procedure employing this model is proposed for the mass exchanger design problem. The model requires solution of a polynomial equation whose roots may be complex. Bounds to the real roots of the polynomial have also been established. Two examples illustrating how the method is employed are presented. The second example demonstrates that the iterative procedure converges even in the complex domain, and that complex roots exist for a real column.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable target mass-exchange network synthesis through linear programming (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1326-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mass-exchange network (MEN) synthesis problem is considered with streams whose target compositions are allowed to vary between upper and lower bounds. The design task is to determine the minimum mass separating agent (utility) cost needed for the transfer of a single component from the rich to the lean streams. The mathematical formulation of this synthesis problem leads to a mixed integer nonlinear program. In this work, we propose a novel formulation of the problem that leads to a linear program. Stream decomposition is employed in attaining this novel linear programming formulation and rigorous proofs are presented which establish that the two formulations have the same solution. The linear programming formulation reduces the complexity of the considered MEN synthesis problem, thus making feasible its solution even for large-scale problems. Two examples, illustrating the procedure, are presented. Both demonstrate that significant utility cost savings can be achieved over the fixed composition MEN synthesis problem.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420513
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