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  • Articles  (31)
  • rice  (30)
  • Manganese
  • 1990-1994  (31)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1990  (31)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (31)
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  • Articles  (31)
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  • 1990-1994  (31)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and manganese contents in xylem sap of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.) in a 35-year-old limestone beech forest stand (1990)
    Springer
    Trees 4 (1990), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Calcium ; Fagus sylvatica ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mineral content ; Potassium ; Seasonalvariation ; Xylem sap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a 35-year-old calcareous beech forest stand five beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) were felled every 2 weeks, and xylem sap was obtained by means of water displacement from the lowest trunk sections, each 100 cm in length. From mid-October 1988 to mid-October 1989 a total of 130 trees were investigated. The seasonal variations of the Ca, Mg, K and Mn contents, as well as those of pH, show four characteristic phases. Additionally, distribution of the mineral contents along the trunk was studied in four trees. The seasonal increase and decrease of xylem sap mineral contents along the trunk is shown for the characteristic phenophases. The Ca, Mg, K, and Mn contents of xylem saps were determined by means of atomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of silicon on the growth and phosphorus uptake of rice (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: inorganic P ; organic P ; P/Fe ; P/Mn ratios ; phosphorus ; rice ; silicon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to measure the effect of silicon on phosphorus uptake and on the growth of rice at different P levels. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Akebono) was cultured in Kimura B nutrient solution without and with silicon (1.66 mM Si) and with three phosphorus levels (0.014 mM P, low; 0.21 mM, medium; and 0.70 mM, high). Shoot dry weight with Si (+Si) in solution increased with increasing P level, while shoot weight without Si (−Si) was maximum at 0.21 mM P, suggesting that +Si raised the optimum P level for rice. +Si increased shoot weight more when P was low or high than when P was medium. The concentration and amount of inorganic P in shoots increased with increasing P level. +Si did not significantly decrease P uptake by rice at 0.014 mM P, however, uptake at 0.21 and 0.70 mM P was 27 and 30 percent less than uptake with −Si, respectively. In −Si with 0.21 and 0.70 mM P, inorganic P in shoots was more than double the concentration in shoots grown in +Si solutions. The Si concentration in shoots decreased slightly with increasing P level, although Si uptake was not significantly affected by P. +Si decreased the uptake of Fe and Mn by an average of 20 and 50 percent, respectively, thus P/Mn and P/Fe ratios increased in the shoot when P was low. From the results above, the beneficial effect of Si on the growth of rice was clearly shown when P was low or high. This effect may have resulted from decreased Mn and Fe uptake, and thus increased P availability within P deficient plants, or from reduced P uptake when P was high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041376
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of silicic acid on rice in a P-deficient soil (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: P adsorption ; P desorption ; P/Mn ratio ; rice ; silicic acid ; Yakuno soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of silicon on the growth of rice grown in a P-deficient soil and on P availability in the soil. Silicic acid was used, rather than a silicate salt, to avoid the complication of changes in soil pH. Shoot dry weight on silicic acid treated soil (0.47 mg Si g−1 soil) increased significantly under both nonflooded and flooded conditions. Shoot Si concentration also increased although P concentration did not. Mn concentration decreased with silicic acid, resulting in a higher P/Mn ratio in shoots. An adsorption and desorption experiment showed that silicic acid did not displace P nor decrease the ability of the soil to adsorb P. In contrast, Si desorption increased with increasing P concentration in the solution, and Si adsorption was reduced when P was applied first. These results suggest that silicic acid does not increase P availability in soil. Increased dry weight may be attributed to a higher P/Mn ratio in the shoot, which may improve P utilization in the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041377
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil physical behaviour and crop responses to tillage in lowland rice soils of varying clay content (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; root length density ; soil impedance ; tillage ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of various tillage methods on two wetland rice soils in the Philippines is reported. The soils differed principally in clay content, 38% for the clay loam (clayey, mixed isohyperthermic Entic Hapludoll) while 56% for the clay (clayey, mixed noncalcareous, isohyperthermic Andaqueptic Haplaquoll). This had a marked effect on their response to tillage and varying water regime. The clay soil, under field conditions, showed little change in pore size distribution or soil water behaviour with different tillage methods. Crop (Rice, Oryza sativa L., var. IR20) yields were unaffected by tillage. In contrast, tillage effects were very marked in the clay loam soil, which consisted of a greenhouse and a field trial. In the greenhouse, which experienced severe dry periods, wet tillage not only increased the moisture retentivity but also the soil impedance at soil matric potential (ψ)〈−0.01 MPa. Seasonal average ψ was 〈−1 MPa. Root length density decreased by 39% with dry tillage and by 56% with wet tillage compared with zero tillage. Grain yield however, did not vary with soil treatment. In the field, which experienced moderate dry spells, ψ varied between −0.13 and −0.48 MPa. Root length density was significantly reduced at soil impedance 〉0.75 MPa. Wet tillage increased soil moisture storage which minimized the soil impedance during the dry cycle more effectively than did dry tillage. The crop performed best under wet tillage and least under zero tillage. Wet tillage in this soil was more effective under moderate than under severe water stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012826
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of saline soil on grain quality of rices differing in salinity tolerance (1990)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 40 (1990), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: soil salinity ; grain quality ; rice ; protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four varieties of rice, differing in salinity tolerance and grown in saline soil (electrical conductivity 5–6 dS/m) at Sadhoke, Punjab, Pakistan, had lighter grain and higher Na content than control samples. Grains of three out of the four rices grown on saline soils had higher brown rice protein (higher nutritional value), less translucent grain, lower starch and amylose content, and lower K than their control samples, but these differences were not related to salinity tolerance. Alkali spreading value and gel consistency were not affected by culture in saline soil. Cooked rice Instron hardness increased in saline culture in two higher-protein samples of the four rices. Amylograph peak viscosity was suppressed by saline culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193777
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment and source and season on grain quality of IR64 rice (1990)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 40 (1990), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; grain quality ; inorganic and organic N fertilizers ; protein and lysine content ; season effect ; IR64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment and source (prilled urea, urea supergranule, fresh azolla, rice straw or sesbania or rice straw compost and their combinations) on grain quality were studied in the 1987 crops of variety IR64 at IRRI. Although fertilizer application improved grain yield, it improved protein content only in the case of urea supergranule, azolla and rice straw. Lysine contents of brown rice protein were similar in samples with no N fertilizer and those with the highest protein content in both seasons. Fertilizer treatment regardless of source tended to decrease weight and increase translucency of brown rice in both seasons. Effects on other grain properties were not consistent in both seasons. Season affected more grain properties than fertilizer treatment did, particularly translucency which was higher in the dry season than in the wet season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193769
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteins and amino acids of some local varieties of rice seeds (Oryza Sativa L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 40 (1990), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: rice ; PAGE ; amino acid composition ; hydrophobicity index value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Proteins and amino acids in four local rice (Oryza Sativa L.) varieties were identified. Albumin and globulin were extracted from rice seeds, and the major promoters of these proteins were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to show their patterns. Amino acid composition of the rice seed were determined quantitatively and qualitatively, and classified according to their acidic, basic and uncharged polar groups. Essential amino acids for each variety were determined, and the hydrophobicity index value of Amber 33 was (0.6078), Mishkhab 1 (0.63372), Hybrid 2 (0.6523) and Hwazawi (0.7411).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193855
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of stubble and N fertilization management on N availability and uptake under successive rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: crop residues ; nitrogen accumulation ; nitrogen management ; nitrogen mineralization ; rice ; soil fertility ; stubble ; tillage management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted in fields which had a history of nil to four rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops during the previous four summers. Incorporating stubble after each harvest reduced soil nitrate-N content between crops, but increased soil N mineralization potential. During the fourth successive crop, plots where stubble had been incorporated after the previous three harvests had an average 21% more soil NH4N and 22% more N uptake than plots where stubble had been burnt. Soil fertility fell rapidly with increasing numbers of crops, and the unfertilized fifth crop accumulated approximately half the N (60 kg N ha-1) found in the unfertilized first crop (116 kg). Fertilizer N alleviated the effects of annual cropping; the application of 210 kg N ha-1 to the fifth crop (uptake of 156 kg N ha-1) resulted in similar N uptake to the first crop fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 (154 kg N ha-1). Applying N at sowing had no significant effect on soil NH4-N concentration after permanent flood (PF), while N application at PF resulted in increased NH4-N concentration and N uptake until panicle initiation (PI). N applied at PI increased soil NH4-N concentration at least until the microspore stage. Management factors such as stubble incorporation and increasing N application rate, maintained N supply and enabled successive rice crops to accumulate similar quantities of N at maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013092
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating nitrogen response of irrigated rice (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 127 (1990), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: model optimization ; shoot nitrogen concentration ; time of N supply ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A dynamic model to simulate the growth and yield of irrigated, transplanted rice in relation to daily solar radiation, mean temperature and shoot nitrogen concentration was applied to rice crops in western Java, Indonesia. Observations of shoot nitrogen concentration throughout the life-cycles of experimental crops were used as input to the simulation. The experiments consisted of 23 treatments representing different forms of nitrogen fertilizer, and different rates, times and methods of application. The model accurately fitted the growth and yield of 12 of these treatments and was successfully tested on the 11 treatments which were not involved in the filting. The parts of the model dealing with nitrogen simulate daily growth as a non-linear function of nitrogen concentration of non-grain shoot tissue relative to upper and lower limits. During the grain-filling phase the model simulates the competition for plant nitrogen between grain and assimilating tissue. The model was used to simulate the effects of increases in nitrogen status of a rice crop in the environmental conditions of western Java. Simulations with the model suggest an interaction between the timing and amount of nitrogen accumulation in plant tissue, with little effect of timing on yield for small increases in nitrogen status, but an advantage for early over late application for large increases in nitrogen status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014429
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic divergence among cold tolerant rices (Oryza sativa L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. ; rice ; cold tolerance ; genetic divergence ; isozymes ; F1 sterility ; varietal classification ; rice breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic divergence was investigated among 17 rice varieties known to possess some degree of cold tolerance at different growth stages. The 17 varieties and their 102 F1 hybrids with 6 male testers were studied for isozyme variation at 15 loci, spikelet fertility, and degree of cold tolerance at various stages. Multivariate analyses of the data provided several schemes of divergence based on various sources of evidence. All schemes gave similar results, and separated the varieties into japonica and indica groups. The japonica group displayed specific isozymes, a low F1 fertility with indica testers, and a high degree of cold tolerance which was expressed in the F1 progenies. The indica group displayed contrasting specific isozymes, a high F1 fertility with indica testers, and a moderate to low degree of cold tolerance which was not expressed in the F1 progenies. One variety, ARC 6000, displayed unique traits in most schemes and was classified into a distinct type based on the isozymes. The results emphasize that cold tolerance is a major trait for classification of rice into two varietal groups and that proper characterization of potential donors is essential in breeding. Isozyme studies are useful tools for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033276
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) in some rice cultivars (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 46 (1990), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Sogatella furcifera ; whitebacked planthopper ; insect resistance ; allelic relationship ; inheritance of resistance ; genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetics of resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) in ten resistant cultivars was studied. The reactions of the F1, F2 and F3 populations of resistant varieties with Taichung Native 1, a suspectible check, showed that WBPH resistance is monogenic in nature and governed by dominant gene(s) in Ptb 19 and IET 6288 and recessive gene in eight cultivars viz. ARC 5838, ARC 6579, ARC 6624, ARC 10464, ACR 11321, ARC 11320, Balamawee and IR 2415-90-4-3. Allelic relationship of resistance gene(s) in the test cultivars revealed recessive gene in IR 2415-90-4-3, ARC 5838 and ARC 11324 to be allelic but it was non allelic to the resistance gene in ARC 6624. Cultivars ARC 6579, ARC 11321 and Balamawee have identical gene among themselves but their relationship with IR 2415-90-4-3, ARC 5838, ARC 11324 and ARC 6624 is unknown. The recessive gene in ARC 10464 is non-identical to all other cultivars having the recessive gene except ARC 6624 with which its relationship needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022302
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of aroma in rice (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 46 (1990), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; aroma ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of an aroma was worked out in crosses between ‘Brimful’ from Nepal as an aromatic rice and leading Japanese varieties ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Nipponbare’ as non-aromatic ones. The F2 pattern of segregation for aroma to non-aroma was 3:13 indicating one dose gene for aroma and one dose inhibitor gene in two crosses. This ratio was confirmed by genetic behavior of F3 populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022309
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harvest index and evoluation of major food crop cultivars in the tropics (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 46 (1990), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Manihot esculenta ; cassava ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; selection ; competition ; yield ; biomass yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Relative importance of harvest index (I) and total biomass yield (B) to economic yield (Y) was assessed in several food crops at different levels of environmental productivity. Importance of B is generally higher in low than high yielding environments, while that of I is higher in high than low yielding environments. In some crops B is important throughout different yield levels while in others I is important even in low yielding environments. Past efforts by anonymous farmers have consummated a good part of genetic improvement of crop yields through improvement in B. Many venerable land cultivars of grain crops, adapted to unimproved, limited-input cultural conditions, evolved through this process. The same process may not have thoroughly exhausted the yield improvement opportunity through improving I. Success in yield improvement by modern breeding has been limited mainly to high-input cultural conditions characterized by higher soil fertility and irrigation mainly through improvement in I. Varietal improvement possibility for less productive environments is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027218
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase in F1 hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; ATPase ; succinic dehydrogenase ; heterosis ; correlation ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Activities of ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase were assessed in three F1 hybrids of rice and their parental lines during boot leaf stage, flowering, on 10th and 20th days after flowering. ATPase activity showed increase at the flowering and on 20th day after flowering. Succinic dehydrogenase activity continued to rise till 10th day after flowering and declined on 20th day after flowering. Hybrids with high yield were generally endowed with more positive heterosis for these two enzymes. Correlation coefficient of grain yield per panicle was significantly positive with ATPase activity at all the stages studied. Heterosis for ATPase activity might serve a reliable criterion for the selection of efficient F1 combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037185
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonal propagation of rice through proliferation of axillary shoots (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; clonal propagation ; cytokinins ; shoot proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Shoot base segments have been explanted from seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica, cv. Arborio) and grown on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of four cytokinins: kinetin, BAP, 2iP and zeatin. After one month, segments were explanted from proliferated shoots and subcultured on their respective media. BAP was by far the most effective in inducing shoot proliferation. Highest rates were achieved at the higher concentration used: 5 mg 1−1. Shoot base segments were subcultured fifteen times consecutively on seven different concentrations of BAP. Shoots grown in the presence of 5 mg 1−1 of BAP proliferated an average of 12 normal shoots for each base segment throughout the fifteen subcultures. The shoots rooted easily on hormone-free medium. The technique does not require any particular skill, it is very effective and, therefore, can be suggested as suitable for clonal propagation of rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037191
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cytoplasm on heterosis and combining ability for agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; cytoplasmic effects ; heterosis ; combining ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effect of sterilizing (‘WA’) cytoplasm on heterosis and combining ability for days to flowering, plant height and grain yield in rice was studied in 70 crosses and their reciprocals produced by 10 cytoplasmic male sterile (A), their maintainer (B) and seven restorer (R) lines following line x tester design. The materials consisting of 140 hybrids (70 A/R and their reciprocal 70 R/B) plus 17 parental lines (10 B + 7 R) were evaluated under six environments, created by growing in three fields with different fertilizer doses (0, 60, 120 kg N/ha) and 2 seasons (dry and wet) during 1986 at IRRI farm. Reciprocal cross effect (A/R vs R/B) were highly significant for all the three traits. Interaction of reciprocal cross effects with environments were also highly significant for yield and days to flowering. Cytoplasmic effect for yield, days to flowering and plant height were estimated by comparing A/R and R/B combination and testing the significance of difference with LSD value. In order to avoid confounding effect of spikelet sterility on yields, twenty crosses showing normal spikelet fertility were selected. Both positive and negative cytoplasmic effects were observed for the three traits. The effects were modified by environments, except for plant height. Heterosis for all three traits was also affected by cytoplasm, however, manifestation of cytoplasmic effects was higher for heterosis for days to flower than in heterosis for yield and plant height. Effect of cytoplasm was more pronounced on general combining ability effects of parents than specific combining ability effects of crosses. Among the parents two CMS lines A4 (IR54752A) and A8 (IR22107-113-3-3A) and two R lines: R2 (IR46) and R7 (IR9761-19-1) showed consistent positive effect of cytoplasm on general combining ability. These lines have given several good heterotic combinations. The study indicated the usefulness of evaluating diverse cytoplasmic sources in various nuclear genotypes bred for hybrid rice breeding program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037198
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    New sources of cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility in cultivated indica rices (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; indica rice ; cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four indica cultivars viz. Kalinga-I, Ptb. 10, IR 27280-13-3-3-3 and Co. 41 were found to possess male sterile cytoplasm with fertility restoring genes while the cultivar Krishna was found to maintain the male sterility in all the cases. All the plants in the F1 of Kalinga-I × Krishna were observed to be completely male sterile and continued to show complete pollen sterility in subsequent backcross generations when backcrossed with recurring pollen parent, Krishna. Thus, it was posible to develop a new cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line in indica rice (Krishna A) with Kalinga-I male sterile cytoplasm and this male sterile cytoplasm was found to be genetically different from others. Further, the newly developed male sterile line (Krishna A) was observed to be tolerant for low temperature at seedling stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023652
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    The electrofocusing composition of the Large and Small Sub-unit polypeptides of Fraction-1-Protein in rice x wheat and rice x sorghum hybrids (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Sorghum bicolor ; sorghum ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Oryza sativa ; rice ; Fraction-1-Protein inheritance ; Isoelectric focusing ; intergeneric hybrids ; Large and small sub-units ; rice × sorghum ; rice × wheat hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The polypeptide composition of Fraction-1-Protein (F1P) from rice × sorghum, rice × wheat hybrids and their respective parents have been analyzed by a microelectrofocusing method. The large sub-unit (LSU) is composed of three polypeptides and the small sub-unit (SSU) of two polypeptides in rice and sorghum parents and rice × sorghum hybrids. Similarly, LSU is composed of three polypeptides in the rice and wheat parents and rice × wheat hybrids. Two polypeptides occur in the SSU of rice parent and rice × wheat hybrids where as only one polypeptide in the wheat parent. These polypeptides also differ in their isoelectric points. Based on the previous reports of F1P inheritance in hybrids in other crops, F1P analysis of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids does not seem to be an important marker to identify such intergeneric hybrids. Since this is first such report of F1P inheritance in hybrids between distantly related plants, its implication in different modes of inheritance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023653
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  • 19
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    Comparison of selection indices to screen lowland rice for drought resistance (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; drought resistance ; screening methods ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Although many selection indices have been used to screen rices (Oryza sativa L.) for drought resistance, there has been little comparison of the relative merits of these indices. Research was conducted to compare drought resistance as estimated from grain yields, canopy-temperature-based stress indices, visual scoring, and uprooting force for 30 rice genotypes grown in the field with a puddled Maahas clay (Typic Tropaquept) and to evaluate traits related to drought resistance from nonstressed plants grown in the field and in aeroponic culture. Water deficit was imposed in the field by withholding irrigation from 45 to 75 days after transplanting compared to a continuously flooded control. Grain yields in the stress treatment were most strongly correlated with visual assessment of drought stress symptoms according to a standard evaluation system (r = 0.66). Canopy-temperature-based indices were also significantly correlated with grain yields of the stress treatment (r from −0.55 to −0.63). No trait of aeroponically grown plants was correlated with traits of stressed plants in the field. We conclude that visual scoring of stressed plants was the best method of screening for drought resistance, but if controlled water deficit cannot be imposed, then drought resistance may be estimated by measuring both uprooting force and grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023658
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis in rice over environments (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; standard heterosis ; heterosis x environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten CMS (A) lines and their maintainers (B) and seven restorers (R) were used to make 70 crosses (A/R) and 70 reciprocals (R/B) following line x tester design. The 140 crosses and 17 parents (10 B + 7 R lines) were evaluated in six environments created by three nitrogen fertility levels (0, 60, 120 kg N/ha) and two seasons wet (WS) and dry (DS). Hybrids (both A/R and R/B) were superior to their parents in yield. Hybrids flowered earlier and were taller than the parents. Substantial heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were observed in different environments. Extent of heterosis was higher in WS (stress environment) than in DS (favorable environment). Twenty four hybrids outyielded the standard check (IR46) significantly. Most of them were derived from crosses with parental lines: IR54752A/B, IR58057A/B, IR46 and IR54. For days to flowering, the overall mean heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were all negative values. Heterosis for plant height did not change the plant type of hybrids from semi-dwarf to tall because the parents possessed same dwarfing gene. With proper choice of parents hybrids possessing higher yield potential, early maturity and semi-dwarf plant type can be developed for the tropics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022896
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  • 21
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    Development of new cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines through Indica × Japonica hybridization in rice (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line ; Indica cytoplasm ; Japonica rice ; reciprocal differences in pollen sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary From 28 Indica-Japonica crosses, two Indica cultivars, V.20B and Sattari were identified to possess male sterile cytoplasm with fertility restoring genes. It was possible to develop a new Japonica cytoplasmic genetic male sterile line (Zhunghua-1) on Indica male sterile cytoplasm (V 20B) by repeated backcrossing the complete pollen sterile plants of V 20B x Zhunghua-1 to the recurring male parent, Zhunghua-1. The study indicated that it would be possible to develop male sterile lines rom indica-japonica crosses only when there is sufficient amount of reciprocal differences with respect to pollen sterility. Further, it was inferred that it would be easier to develop Japonica male sterile lines on Indica cytoplasm than developing Indica male sterile line with japonica cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022443
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  • 22
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    Effect of phosphorus application on transformation of zinc fraction in soil and on the zinc nutrition of lowland rice (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: interaction ; moisture regimes ; phosphorus applications ; rice ; zinc uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have studied in the laboratory the effect of different levels of P application on the transformation on native as well as of applied zinc in a rice-growing soil under two moisture regimesviz., flooded and nonflooded. Application of P caused a decrease in the water soluble plus exchangeable and organic complexed with a concomitant increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms of native soil zinc. Application of P also caused a decrease in the transformation of applied Zn into the water soluble plus exchangeable and organically complexed and an increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms of zinc. The above effects of P were more pronounced in soil under flooded than under nonflooded moisture regimes. The water soluble plus exchangeable and the organically complexed forms of Zn are considered to play an important role in Zn nutrition of lowland rice, while the role of the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms are less important in this regard. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that P application caused a progressive decrease in the Zn concentration in shoot and root. This was attributed at least partly to the decrease in the water soluble plus exchangeable and organically complexed forms of Zn and an increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms in soil due to P application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444111
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  • 23
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    Studies on the availability of Azolla N and urea N for rice growth using 15N (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata var. pinnata ; dry season ; 15N recovery ; residual effect ; rice ; succeeding crop ; wet season
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments (20 m2 plots) were conducted to compare Azolla and urea as N sources for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in both the wet and dry seasons. Parallel microplot (1 m2) experiments were conducted using 15N. A total of approximately 60 kg N ha-1 was applied as urea, Azolla, or urea plus Azolla. Urea or Azolla applied with equal applications of 30 kg N ha-1 at transplanting (T) and at maximum tillering (MT) were equally effective for increasing rice grain yields in both seasons. Urea at 30 kg N ha-1 at T and Azolla 30 kg N ha-1 at MT was also equally effective. Urea applied by the locally recommended best split (40 kg at T and 20 kg at MT) gave a higher yield in the wet season, but an equal yield in the dry season. The average yield increase was 23% in the wet season, and 95% in the dry season. The proportion of the N taken up by the rice plants which was derived from urea (%NdfU) or Azolla (%NdfAz) was essentially identical for the treatments receiving the same N split. Recovery of 15N in the grain plus straw was also very similar. Positive yield responses to residual N were observed in the succeeding rice crop following both the wet and dry seasons, but the increases were not always statistically significant. Recovery of residual 15N ranged from 5.5 to 8.9% for both crops in succeeding seasons. Residual recovery from the urea applications was significantly higher than from Azolla in the crop succeeding the dry season crop. Azolla was equally effective as urea as an N source for rice production on a per kg N basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011111
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  • 24
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    Comparative effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources applied to a flooded soil on rice yield and availability of N (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: added N interaction ; flooded soil ; nitrogen availability ; 15N ; priming effect ; rice ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) sources on the yield and N uptake of rice from applied and native soil-N. The residual effect of these N sources on a succeeding wheat crop was also studied. Organic N was applied in the form of 15N-labelled Sesbania aculeata L., a legume, and inorganic N in the form of 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate. The two sources were applied to the soil separately or together at the time of transplanting rice. Recovery of N by rice from both the applied sources was quite low but both sources caused significant increases in biomass and N yield of rice. Maximum increase was recorded in soil treated with organic N. The residual value of the two materials as source of N for wheat was not significant; the wheat took up only a small fraction of the N initially applied. Loss of N occurred from both applied N sources, the losses being more from inorganic N. Both applied N sources caused a substantial increase in the availability of soil-N to rice and wheat; most of this increase was due to organic N and was attributed to the so-called ‘priming’ effect or ANI (added nitrogen interaction) of the applied material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010664
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  • 25
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    Genetic effect on uptake of selected nutrients in some rice (O. sativa L.) varieties in phosphorus deficient soils (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: diallel cross ; gene effects ; heterotic effect ; ion uptake ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of genes on the uptake by rice plants of certain macro- and micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc) was studied, by diallel (7 × 7) analysis, in P deficient upland soil. Both additive and dominant gene effects, with a preponderance of the former, were found to be responsible for the uptake of all the elements studied. Local varieties were found to be not only good yielders but also much more efficient in element uptake. Heterotic effects were observed in various crosses with respect to the uptake of all the aforementioned nutrients. Statistical analysis indicated that while the uptake of iron and zinc were negatively correlated, the uptake of manganese and calcium, manganese and zinc, calcium and magnesium and calcium and zinc were positively correlated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009935
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  • 26
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    Genotypical differences among graminaceous species in release of phytosiderophores and uptake of iron phytosiderophores (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; chlorosis resistance ; cucumber ; genotypical differences ; grasses ; iron mobilization ; iron uptake ; maize ; microorganisms ; oat ; phytosiderophores ; rice ; root exudates ; root growth ; rye ; sorghum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Graminaceous species can enhance iron (Fe) acquisition from sparingly soluble inorganic Fe(III) compounds by release of phytosiderophores (PS) which mobilize Fe(III) by chelation. In most graminaceous species Fe deficiency increases the rate of PS release from roots by a factor of 10–20, but in some species, for example sorghum, this increase is much less. The chemical nature of PS can differ between species and even cultivars. The various PS are similarly effective as the microbial siderophore Desferal (ferrioxamine B methane sulfonate) in mobilizing Fe(III) from a calcareous soil. Under the same conditions the synthetic chelator DTPA (diaethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) is ineffective. The rate of Fe(III)PS uptake by roots of graminaceous species increases by a factor of about 5 under Fe deficiency. In contrast, uptake of Fe from both synthetic and microbial Fe(III) chelates is much lower and not affected by the Fe nutritional status of the plants. This indicates that in graminaceous species under Fe deficiency a specific uptake system for FePS is activated. In contrast, the specific uptake system for FePS is absent in dicots. In a given graminaceous species the uptake rates of the various FePS are similar, but vary between species by a factor of upto 3. In sorghum, despite the low rate of PS release, the rate of FePS uptake is particularly high. The results indicate that release of PS and subsequent uptake of FePS are under different genetic control. The high susceptibility of sorghum to Fe deficiency (‘lime-chlorosis’) is most probably caused by low rates of PS release in the early seedling stage. Therefore in sorghum, and presumably other graminaceous species also, an increase in resistance to ‘lime chlorosis’ could be best achieved by breeding for cultivars with high rates of PS release. In corresponding screening procedures attention should be paid to the effects of iron nutritional status and daytime on PS release as well as on rapid microbial degradation of PS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011260
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  • 27
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    A gametocidal factor of Oryza glaberrima Steud. in O. sativa L. (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Oryza glaberrima ; non-glutinous pollen ; glutinous pollen ; semi-sterility ; gametocidal factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Recurrent backcrossing has been carried out with a view to transfer a gene for non-glutinous endosperm from two strains of O. glaberrima (Wx g /Wx g ) to glutinous japonica and indica varieties (wx/wx) of Oryza sativa. In the course of backcrosses Wx g /wx segregants were crossed with each of the two glutinous varieties of sativa as the respective recurrent male parent. The wx/wx and Wx g /wx segregants in the successive generations were consistently fully fertile and semi-sterile, respectively. The semi-sterility of Wx g /wx plants was attributable to abortion of most of the pollen grains carrying the gene wx. The nucleus but not cytoplasm was related to the semi-sterility. The Wx g /Wx plants having the gene for non-glutinous endosperm of a glaberrima strain and a japonica variety of sativa were also semi-sterile. Both wx- and Wx-megaspores in the plants heterozygous for the gene Wx g were deleteriously affected. The results could be explained by assuming that a factor tightly linked with the gene Wx g of glaberrima sterilizes gametes not carrying it in the heterozygotes and that the gametocidal action is exerted when combined with the sativa nucleus by the recurrent backcross method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032984
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  • 28
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    Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight disease of rice (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae ; bacterial blight ; disease ; inheritance of esistance ; dominant ; recessive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of resistance to the Punjab isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae of bacterial blight disease of rice was studied in seven breeding lines resistant to the disease. The results revealed that resistance in breeding lines PAU 122-73-1-4-1, PAU 164-102-1-2-1-1-1, KJT 24, IR 5657-33-2-1-2 and IR 22082-41-2-2 was controlled by single dominant genes allelic to the dominant gene which confers resistance to the Punjab isolate in Patong 32. Resistance to the Punjab isolate in breeding lines IET 7172 and RP 2151-40-1 was found to be controlled by single recessive resistance genes allelic to one of the recessive resistance genes present in BJ 1. The two genes are independently inherited and are being used to develop bacterial blight resistant varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027263
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  • 29
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    Modelling water control needs for diversified cropping (1990)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 4 (1990), S. 215-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: crop diversification ; irrigation ; management ; rice ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The background and concepts of water control for crop diversification in rice-based irrigation systems are discussed. Water control is described in terms of the irrigation event volumes and intervals between irrigation events. The development of the WACCROD model to simulate these water control parameters under selected agroclimatic conditions is described. The simulation model can recommend irrigation event volumes and intervals for various dry season cropping patterns in rice-based irrigation systems. Also, the application of the model to a general situation at field level of a ‘typical’ rice based irrigation system is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01117743
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  • 30
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    Effect of phosphorus application on transformation of zinc fraction in soil and on the zinc nutrition of lowland rice (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: interaction ; moisture regimes ; phosphorus applications ; rice ; zinc uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We have studied in the laboratory the effect of different levels of P application on the transformation on native as well as of applied zinc in a rice-growing soil under two moisture regimes viz., flooded and nonflooded. Application of P caused a decrease in the water soluble plus exchangeable and organic complexed with a concomitant increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms of native soil zinc. Application of P also caused a decrease in the transformation of applied Zn into the water soluble plus exchangeable and organically complexed and an increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms of zinc. The above effects of P were more pronounced in soil under flooded than under nonflooded moisture regimes. The water soluble plus exchangeable and the organically complexed forms of Zn are considered to play an important role in Zn nutrition of lowland rice, while the role of the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms are less important in this regard. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that P application caused a progressive decrease in the Zn concentration in shoot and root. This was attributed at least partly to the decrease in the water soluble plus exchangeable and organically complexed forms of Zn and an increase in the amorphous and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms in soil due to P application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013104
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  • 31
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    Effects of stubble and N fertilization management on N availability and uptake under successive rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: crop residues ; nitrogen accumulation ; nitrogen management ; nitrogen mineralization ; rice ; soil fertility ; stubble ; tillage management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted in fields which had a history of nil to four rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops during the previous four summers. Incorporating stubble after each harvest reduced soil nitrate-N content between crops, but increased soil N mineralization potential. During the fourth successive crop, plots where stubble had been incorporated after the previous three harvests had an average 21% more soil NH4N and 22% more N uptake than plots where stubble had been burnt. Soil fertility fell rapidly with increasing numbers of crops, and the unfertilized fifth crop accumulated approximately half the N (60 kg N ha-1) found in the unfertilized first crop (116 kg). Fertilizer N alleviated the effects of annual cropping; the application of 210 kg N ha-1 to the fifth crop (uptake of 156 kg N ha-1) resulted in similar N uptake to the first crop fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 (154 kg N ha-1). Applying N at sowing had no significant effect on soil NH4-N concentration after permanent flood (PF), while N application at PF resulted in increased NH4-N concentration and N uptake until panicle initiation (PI). N applied at PI increased soil NH4-N concentration at least until the microspore stage. Management factors such as stubble incorporation and increasing N application rate, maintained N supply and enabled successive rice crops to accumulate similar quantities of N at maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444099
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