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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In markets, in which exchange requires costly search for trading partners, intermediaries can help to reduce the trading frictions. This intuition is modeled in a framework with heterogeneous agents, who have the choice between intermediated exchange and search accompanied by some bargaining procedure. The equilibria of such a game are characterized. In the case of a monopolistic intermediary, the tradeoff between the bid-ask spread and the costs of delay during private search determine the intermediary's clientele. In equilibrium the monopolist charges a positive spread. Traders with large gains from trade prefer to deal with him, whereas traders with relatively low gains from trade engage in search. In case of competition among intermediaries, the classical Bertrand result obtains, and bid and ask prices converge to the (unique) Walrasian equilibrium price. Thus, in the confines of the model, the Walrasian auctioneer of the market under consideration can be replaced by competing intermediaries. In addition a multiplicity of subgame perfect Nash equilibria emphasizes the coordination problems inherent in models of intermediation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A number of recent Canadian and U.S. antitrust cases have involved allegations that manufacturers of durable products have refused to supply parts to independent service organizations, apparently to monopolize the market for repairs of their products. This paper provides a theory of these strategies and considers the welfare implications of judicial orders to supply. The refusals here are seen as necessary to protect manufacturers' program of price discrimination: Expensive repairs represent a way to select high-intensity, high-value users and charge them more. In addition to the usual ambiguity associated with the welfare effects of prohibitions of price discrimination, forcing competition in repairs can have the further damaging effect of reducing social welfare by inducing manufacturers to lower product quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The litigation crisis in this country is a subject of great importance to the chief executive officers of public uccounting firms. 1 will first address the problem's magnitude and its source and then speculate on the developments we might expect in the future. Like all forecasts, mine will certainly be wrung. I hope that my degree of error on the pessimistic side will be considerable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Research and development (R&D) competition among firms has recently been extended to R&D competition involving research joint ventures. It was previously shown that in an industry conducting cost-reducing R&D followed by competition in the product market, if all firms both fully share R&D information and coordinate investments to maximize pint profits, final products prices are lower, and firms' profits are higher than with information shriving alone, joint profit maximization alone, or no cooperation. In this paper we question whether a single research joint venture (RJV) cartel is the best form of industry R&D coordination. We show that there are circumstances in which splitting a single RJV cartel into several competing ones yields lower product prices. Moreover, we show that in these circumstances, splitting the industry into exactly two competing RJV cartels would be best.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper studies the order of adoption of a process innovation, thin-slab casting, by U.S. steel makers. A game-theoretic model of technology adoption with capacity constraints indicates that incumbents are likely to trail entrants in adopting process technologies that reduce the minimal scale required to compete. Evidence from the case study also indicates, however, that the sorts of interactive effects emphasized by game-theoretic models may be dominated by the effects of competitors' heterogeneous precommitments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Bidders in hostile takeovers have colluded in five separate instances. It is found that these collusive agreements did not affect the target's price significantly. A model is developed to explain this observation. A welfare analysis indicates that a positive probability of cartel formation can be socially beneficial and may or may not be beneficial to the target's shareholders, depending on the process generating takeover attempts. This sheds light on the existing policy debate concerning regulations of collusive agreements. An analysis of the existing case law is provided, which indicates that such collusive arrangements are legal at present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: 〈blockFixed type="quotation"〉The Directors of … Companies … being the managers rather of other people's money than of their own, it cannot well be expected that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in private copartnery frequently watch over their own.—Adam Smith, 1776, Wealth of Nations
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Thinking Strategically: The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics, and Everyday Life, by Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In this comment on James Emshoff's (1993) paper,/〉 I will begin by briefly summarizing the paper. Then I will give my reaction to the issues raised in the paper from the perspective of an economist and professor of business strategy. As I discuss later, it is the work of Alfred Chandler, Jr., rather than work of economists, that is most relevant to the issues raised by Emshoff. In my view economists must understand the limitations of standard economic approaches to organizational issues in order to begin to make progress on issues raised by Chandler and Emshoff.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The paper analyzes a regulatory game between a public and a private payer to finance hospital joint costs (mainly capital and technology expenses). The public payer (inspired by the federal Medicare program) may both directly reimburse for joint costs (“pass-through” payments) and add a margin over variable costs paid per discharge, while the private payer can only use a margin policy. The hospital chooses joint costs in response to payers' overall payment incentives. Without pass-through payments, under provision of joint costs results front free-riding behavior of payers and the first-mover advantage of the public payer. Using pass-through policy in its self-interest, the public payer actually may moderate the under provision of joint costs; under some conditions, the equilibrium allocation may be socially efficient. Our results bear directly on directly Medicare policy, which is phasing out pass-through payments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We consider communication of quality via cheap talk and dissipative advertising expenditures, when consumers have heterogeneous tastes for quality, and price information must be acquired through costly search. For search pods, cheap talk communicates quality when fixed costs are roughly constant across quality levels, while if fixed costs vary greatly with quality, then firms having the higher fixed-cost quality level use dissipative advertising. For experience goods, quality can be communicated by cheap talk in a range where low-quality firms have greater fixed costs, and low-quality firms use dissipative advertising if their fixed costs are greater still.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We show that asymmetric information may prevent firms with pure discount bonds from renegotiating their capital structure prior to the maturity of the debt, although this would increase the value of the firm when its prospects are poor. This inefficiency can be reduced if the firm issues debt with a risky intermediate debt payment, such as a coupon or a sinking fund payment. We also demonstrate that bankruptcy institutions leading to deviations from absolute priority can improve the timing of recapitalizations by financially distressed firms. Finally, we show that, under certain conditions, the optimal capital structure adjustment during financial distress consists of a convertible debt-for-straight debt swap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the audit literature, it was postulated that audit firms are differentiated due to their quality and, thus, the fees charged are a function of quality. We hypothesize that this may lead to audit firm specialization in different amounts of auditing, leading to a differential audit fee structure. This hypothesis is empirically tested by using a very large sample of audit fees paid to then Big Eight auditors. The results are consistent with the hypothesis in that three Big Eight auditors are observed to charge significantly different fees when compared with the other firms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper develops a simple model of sequential innovations with a diversity of research lines. Competitive strategies of firms for R&D are analyzed at each stage in a sequence of innovations. We compare two alternative regimes of enforcing patent law, as a mechanism to provide adequate incentives for R&D at each stage. The regime that protects the research line gives monopoly rights to an entire line of research, hence limiting the utilization of the previous knowledge and retarding subsequent innovations. The other regime protects the product, which facilitates the use of previous knowledge at the expense of providing inadequate protection to the ideas embodied in the product, and results in underinvestment in the first stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This article examines the role that multimarket operations play in a firm's ability to preempt entry into new markets when presence in a market does not commit the firm to remain there. Success in one market affects a firm's incentives and, in turn, strategic power, to fight a rival fur survival in a related market. This is modeled as a way of attrition, and the risk-dominant equilibrium is derived. The model supports brand proliferation as a credible preemptive strategy for an established firm and also has implications regarding the strategic role of economies of scope and “deep pockets.”
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Economic transition in Eastern Europe should generate market growth. In addition, current discussions on economic integration and the development of a free-trade area in Eastern Europe will improve market accessibility. These two forces will significantly affect the strategies by which external firms will choose to supply markets in Eastern Europe. This paper examines the ways in which supply strategy is likely to change. We show that both market growth and improved market accessibility will lead the external firms to switch from exporting to foreign direct investment. However, market growth is likely to lead to dispersed investment in the growing economies, whereas increased market accessibility, by establishing an integrated regional bloc in Eastern Europe, is more likely to lead to concentrated investment plus infra-regional exports to the remainder of the regional bloc. The switch from exporting to local production through foreign direct investment will favor consumers through lowered prices but will harm national producers by depressing profit margins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper demonstrates that, when the manager of a poorly performing firm generates firm-specific rents, strategic considerations associated with anticipated future restructuring may lead to the adoption of risky operating policies. Furthermore, this bias toward risky policies may be exacerbated by increases in managerial entrenchment. This is the case even when the manager does not have an ownership stake in the firm. On the other hand, a manager of a firm that is performing well will prefer safer policies. These results are driven by endogenously determined management-borne costs of financial distress, and obtain under both restructuring regimes that enforce the priority of creditor claims as well as restructuring regimes that induce deviations from absolute priority.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper considers an agency model in which a principal delegates an agent authority to choose investment projects. The performance of the project depends stochastically on the agent's evaluation and operating efforts. The paper examines the conditions under which the principal prefers to assign production to a second agent. It is shown that the tasks will be assigned to two agents of the agent chooses an unobservable operating effort. The tasks will be assigned to one agent if the agent's evaluation and operating efforts are both unobservable and if disutilities of efforts are large relative to the profit from the risky project.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: It is well documented that a firm may choose to offer underpriced securities in an initial public offer. An open question is why investment banks do not retain underpriced offers in their portfolio. We argue that the distribution of underpriced securities allows banks of high qualify to signal their value to their customers, promoting in this way their other product lines. We show that the total dollar value of underpriced securities distributed (rather than the percentage value) acts as the signal. We also find that, all else equal, larger customers and those with more elastic demand functions receive n larger total dollar value of underpricing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper develops a theory to explain the frequently observed resistance offered by the management of target firms to high-premium takeover bids. Contrary to the popular perception of managerial entrenchment at the expense of the shareholders' interests, such resistance may be strategically designed to increase shareholder wealth by threatening to initiate an informal auction process fur the target involving other potential bidders. Remarkably, this strategy can be effective even when it is common knowledge that the other bidders do not have a higher reservation price for the target. The analysis also offers insights into division of takeover gains and several other takeover-related issues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: I study how profit-maximizing organizations make decisions. Members of organizations tend to have incompatible preferences over decisions, but willingness to pay for decisions plays a very limited role in actual decision making. A sizable empirical literature documents that people who provide critical services, are hard to replace, or deal effectively with external shocks are powerful; they have disproportionate influence over decisions. This can be profit maximizing because the right to shape the firm through its decisions renders the firm more attractive as an employer. Thus, the relative costliness of employees' departures should affect their relative power.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The impact of cattle trampling on the porosity of a representative soil (Typic Natraquoll) of the flooding Pampa of Argentina was studied from 1984 to 1987. Water content, total porosity (TP), macroporosity (〉 30 μm) and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWD) were determined in undisturbed topsoil samples taken from adjacent continuously grazed (1.0 animal unit/ha/yr) and ungrazed (since 1976) areas. It was expected that trampling would decrease macroporosity when the soil was ponded, and that the damaged macropores would regenerate during the subsequent soil drying. This was only partly verified. The soil varied in TP from 58 to 64% in the ungrazed area, and from 53 to 78% in the grazed area. This variation resulted mainly from shrink-swell processes. Trampling decreased soil macroporosity (mainly 〉60 μm) from 8 to 5% and decreased MWD from 5.35 to 4.58 mm under dry soil conditions. The damaged soil pores regenerated and aggregate stability recovered during the subsequent period of surface water ponding, when soil swelling increased macropores in the grazed area but not in the ungrazed area. There was no evidence of poaching damage in this soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Book Reviewed in this article:Soils and the Environment By Alan Wild.Nitrate. Processes, Patterns and Management Edited by T.P. Hurt, A.L. Heathwaite and S.T. Trudgill.Urban Soil and Landscape Design By P.J. Craul.Bullock, P. & Gregory, P. J. 1991. Soils in the urban environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Recent experiments on soils overlying sand, chalk and limestone aquifers have shown that nitrate leaching losses can be decreased by modifying crop husbandry. Green cover during winter, if established early enough, can reduce nitrate loss. Cultivations can be timed to minimize leaching, and the advantages of irrigation (increased nitrogen offtake and smaller post-harvest soil mineral nitrogen residues) outweigh the potential disadvantage of increased leaching risk during the growing season. It is important not to over-fertilize crops. Using these techniques within farm rotations has decreased nitrate losses in small plot experiments. The next step is to measure the effects on commercial farms where the scale of operation might preclude the high level of husbandry that is required for successful nitrogen management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Book Reviewed in this article:Lysimeter Studies of the Fate of Pesticides in the Soil Edited by F. Führ and R. J. Hance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The effects of increasing periods of mechanical cultivation on soil properties under maize and cassava are compared with those under savanna in south-western Nigeria. Bulk density is significantly greater under cultivation and total porosity, pH, organic matter and extractable nutrients are all significantly less than under savanna. However, the amounts of nitrate-nitrogen and extractable nutrients do not show clear decreases with increasing mechanical cultivation. As the periods of mechanization increase, changes in most soil properties indicate increasing soil degradation. The implications of these results for agricultural policies in Nigeria arc discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Leaching of nitrate from a sandy loam cropped with spring barley, winter wheat and grass was compared in a 4-year lysimeter study. Crops were grown continuously or in a sequence including sugarbeet. Lysimeters were unfertilized or supplied with equivalent amounts of inorganic nitrogen in calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or animal slurry according to recommended rates (1N) or 50% above recommended rates (1.5N).Compared with unfertilized crops, leaching of nitrate increased only slightly when 1N (CAN) was added. Successive annual additions of 1.5N (CAN) or 1N and 1.5N (animal slurry) caused the cumulative loss of nitrate to increase significantly. More nitrate was leached after application of slurry because organic nitrogen in the slurry-was mineralized.With 1N (CAN) the leaching losses of nitrate were in the following order: continuous spring barley undersown with Italian ryegrass 〈 continuous ley of perennial ryegrass 〈 spring barley in rotation and undersown with grass 〈 perennial ryegrass grown in rotation = winter wheat grown in rotation 〈 sugarbeet in rotation 〈 continuous winter wheat 〈 continuous barley 〈 bare fallow.At recommended levels of CAN (1N), cumulative nitrate losses over the four years were similar for the crops when grown in rotation or continuously. When crops received 1.5N (CAN) or animal slurry, nitrate losses from the crops grown continuously exceeded those from crops in rotation. Including a catch crop in the continuous cropping system eliminated the differences in nitrate leaching between the two cropping systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Changes in amounts of macro-(N, P, K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) were determined in two calcareous soils amended over an eight-month period with pig slurry applications ranging from 0 to 500 m3/ha, and planted in containers with green pepper (Capsicum annuum). Total N and exchangeable K increased after slurry applications of 300 m3/ha or more, and available P increased after the smallest application rate (100m3/ha). Maximum crop nutrient uptakes of 41, 40 and 91% for N, P and K occurred with the smallest dose of slurry. Large losses of N, ranging from 27 to 74% (mean 55%) of N added to soil, occurred with all slurry treatments. From 41 to 71% (mean 55%) of the total P added in pig slurry was fixed in non-assimilable forms. Most of the K from the pig slurry was available to the plants. Most of the micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) from the slurry were immobilized in the soil, probably because of the high pH and the small amounts of organic matter in both the slurries and soils tested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Oxidation rates of pyrite in colliery spoil were measured under both field and laboratory conditions. Meld oxidation rates varied through the year, depending primarily upon temperature. Rates of acid release of 7–15 μmoles H+/day were measured in field lysimeters in the period May to November. Little oxidation of the pyrite occurred between November and May; the rates in the summer months were approximately 5–10 times those during die winter. The rate of oxidation in the summer was limited by the solubility of amorphous iron oxides. Slow oxidation during the winter is probably related to the inactivity of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at low temperatures. The rates of acid production in the laboratory in the temperature range 0–18°C were similar to those in the field. Materials inhibiting pyrite oxidation should be added when oxidation rates are slow, so that they are not overwhelmed by large amounts of acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. . A soil crust, produced by applying 44 mm of distilled water at an intensity of 290 mm/h using a rainfall simulator, was sufficiently rigid to significantly decrease emergence of barley from 76 to 40% and of oil seed rape from 82 to 61%. If the crust was kept wet by regular application of water as a fine mist, its strength was significantly decreased, but emergence remained poor because of prolonged soil wetness. After mist-spraying the crusted surface just before emergence, per cent emergence was greater than uncrusted controls.Application to the soil of a static pressure after sowing but without crusting either had no effect or increased emergence, probably because of improved seed-soil contact. However, crusting of the compacted soil decreased emergence severely. If the crust was allowed to dry it became very strong (〉 300 kPa). Mist-spraying at the time of emergence only also improved seed emergence almost to that in the uncrusted controls. Repeated mist spraying after crusting decreased the strength of the crust, but the resulting waterlogging decreased emergence to less than half those of the controls and of the treatments sprayed just before emergence only. Compared with other management techniques available for amelioration of crusted seedbeds, carefully timed fine spray watering seems to offer the best opportunity for ensuring rapid seed emergence comparable to that in uncrusted soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) causes serious losses in Allium crops throughout the world. The pathogen produces sclerotia which survive for long periods and are the main source of inoculum. Sclerotial germination is stimulated by the host and new sclerotia are produced on the host near the soil surface. Allium crops are cultivated in various systems and environments and no one method of control is effective. There is increasing interest in control strategies based on combinations of treatments which decrease the populations of sclerotia in the soil, thereby improving the effectiveness of present methods of control. Materials and methods being tested for inclusion in programmes of integrated control include germination stimulants, soil fumigants, solar heating, roguing, aerobic composting, microbial control and combined chemical/microbial control with fungicide-resistant micro-organisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The relationship between take-all and grain yield was investigated in a first spring wheat crop grown in a field experiment on artificially infested soil. Different incidences and severities of disease were obtained by using different cultivations to incorporate equal amounts of inoculum (killed oat grains colonized by the fungal pathogen) at different depths. The intention of incorporating inoculum at different stages in the same sequence of cultivations to achieve identical soil conditions with inoculum at different depths was not entirely successful because of weather conditions.For most sampling dates and different assessments of disease, there was a strong relationship between yield and disease: regression coefficients were negative and significant (P= 0.01). The linear regression model using logit transformations of disease data from infestations achieved using similar sequences of cultivations accounted for 〉 70% of the variance at all sampling dates, but with untransformed data (percentage plants and percentage roots infected) percentages of variance accounted for were much less at sampling times before anthesis. The plot area affected by premature ripening (whiteheads) also correlated well with yield where similar sequences of cultivations were used, but less well where rotovating to different depths created different soil conditions.The results are discussed in relation to published results from (1) farm surveys, (2) field experiments with natural infection and (3) experiments using different amounts of artificially-produced inoculum. The wider application of artificially-produced inoculum in field experiments on take-all is also considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. A rotation trial of four years’ pasture followed by two years’ arable was used to study the effect of cropping on the morphological and hydraulic properties of soil. An adjacent paddock in grass for the past 35 years was included as a permanent pasture reference. Initial infiltration and field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) were least for cultivated soil and increased with increasing time under pasture. This could be explained by the contrasting porosities of resin-impregnated blocks of undisturbed soil which had been infiltrated with methylene blue dye. Small Kfs values for cultivated soil resulted mainly from a thin surface crust, although pore discontinuity at the depth of the cultivation pan (130 mm) could also have contributed. Greater Kfs values under short-term pasture resulted primarily from water flowing through biogenic pores connected to the surface. The greatest Kfs values were in soil that had been under pasture for 35 years (P35). This was attributed to flow through biogenic pores and fissures associated with the strongly-developed subangular blocky structure. The amount of water that infiltrated the two- and four-year pasture soils (P2 and P4) under ponding was 2.5 and 5 times greater, respectively, than the soil that had been cultivated for two years (C2).As irrigation duration cannot be varied under the border-dyking system used on the Canterbury Plains, the interval between irrigations must be varied if the same total amount of water is to be applied to each of these soils through the season. The interval should be less for the cultivated soil than for those under pasture, and should increase with increasing time under pasture (i.e. P35 〉 P4 〉 P2 〉 C2).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is the most effective compound currently available for retarding hydrolysis of urea fertilizer in soil and for decreasing ammonia volatilization and nitrite e accumulation in soils treated with urea. It is a poor inhibitor of plant or microbial urease, but decomposes quite rapidly in soil with formation of N-(n-butyl) phosphoric triamide, which is a potent inhibitor of urease activity.The adverse effects of urea fertilizers on seed germination and seedling growth in soil are due to ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease. They can be eliminated by addition of a urease inhibitor to these fertilizers.The leaf-burn commonly observed after foliar fertilization of soybeans with urea results from accumulation of toxic amounts of urea in the soybean leaves rather than formation of toxic amounts of ammonia through urea hydrolysis by leaf urease. Leaf-burn is accordingly increased rather than decreased by addition of a urease inhibitor to the urea fertilizer applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. In most soils of temperate regions nitrate is not held on soil surfaces and moves freely in solution. But when soils carry positive charges, nitrate is held as an exchangeable anion. As a result, leaching of nitrate is delayed relative to the movement of water. The delay can be predicted provided the anion exchange capacity (AEC) can be measured and the concentration of counter-anions is known. For soils with variable charge, the AEC varies with both pH and ionic strength, and the effective AEC should be determined under conditions similar to those in soil solution. A simple leaching method is described which satisfies this requirement. Delays in the leaching of nitrate measured in columns of repacked soil were strongly related to the AEC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. A brief resumé of the organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle is given. Benefits accruing to micro-organisms are considered in two categories: (1) where the reaction product is incorporated into cells (nitrogen-fixing and nitrate assimilating species), (2) where the reaction is used to provide energy for growth (nitrifying and denitrifying species). Some aspects of nitrogen cycling in soils are briefly considered, including inhibition of nitrification, the importance of C/N ratios and nitrate pollution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Autotrophic nitrifiers such as Nitrosomonas use ammonia mono-oxygenase for the initial stage of ammonia oxidation. Nitrification inhibitors have this enzyme as their site of action. Their mechanisms include alternative substrates, suicide substrates and cuprous copper chelators.In heterotrophs, organic nitrogen is normally in the fully reduced state, but a few cell metabolites contain N-O bonds. The synthesis and breakdown of such compounds provides a mechanism for heterotrophic nitrification. A non-enzymic mechanism for nitrogen-oxidation involves hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton reaction. Heterotrophic nitrification is particularly important in woodland soils, where wood-rotting fungi use free radicals to break down lignin. Tests for a radical mechanism are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The workshops covered various aspects of nitrogen in the environment, with special emphasis on the problems posed by nitrogenous compounds as pollutants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The standard of English in papers submitted to Soil Use and Management varies from excellent to disgraceful. Good scientific English is direct and simple in structure. It uses familiar words in their correct sense and order with the minimum of qualification. Slovenly prose may imply slipshod research, and prolixity an inability to think clearly.Make your meaning plain. Express itSo we'll know, not merely guess it.(G.V. Jacks, The Summary)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Machinery was designed specifically for relay-cropping on permanent raised beds (150 mm high and 1.5 m wide) in northern Victoria. This machinery enabled maize (Zea mays) to be successfully sown at 2, 4 and 5 weeks before harvest, and 1 day after harvest (Control), of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The sowing equipment consisted of a four-row cultivator, behind which were four precision seeders. The wheels (250 mm in diameter) were spaced at 1.5 m to track along the base of the furrows. In one pass on each bed, the sowing equipment tilled two strips (each 50 mm wide, 30 mm deep and 50 mm from the outer row of wheat) and sowed maize, with little damage to the wheat crop. We extended the axle of the trailed harvester so that the wheels (250 mm in diameter) were 3 m apart, and moved the drawbar 300 mm to one side so that all wheels ran along the base of the furrows. There were no significant differences between treatments in yield (mean 2.9 t ha-1) of dryland wheat, in final emergence percentage (mean 89%) or in early growth of irrigated maize. The maize yielded significantly less grain in the treatment sown at 5 weeks (9.6 t ha-1), but not 2 or 4 weeks (mean 10.6 t ha-1) before the wheat was harvested, than in the Control (10.8 t ha-1). The wheat and maize yielded more grain than those grown traditionally as sole crops in northern Victoria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: After defining households' productive time in non-SNA activities, the paper discusses the most lie quently used wage-based methods for imputing a value to this time. It argues that because the relation between market wages and household output is, at best, unknown, such valuations are not fruitful for economic analysis purposes. The paper then proceeds to show that it is possible to establish an output-related valuation of productive time which per se is relevant for economic analysis. Combined with time-use data, it can be used as a transitional measure for valuing household production at factors cost in a satellite account.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We use OECD data to examine inter-industry wage differentials (relative wages among industries) for 14 OECD countries over the period 1970–85. We find, first, that the industrial wage structures have shown remarkable stability over time in terms of rank order for all the countries in the sample. Second, despite their rank order stability, wage structures show a tendency to expand or contract. While the U.S. has shown increasing industry wage dispersion between 1970 and 1985, the pattern is very mixed for other countries. Unionization is a significant factor in explaining cross-country differences. Third, industry wage rankings show some evidence of becoming increasingly similar across nations over time, and this movement is associated with a convergence of per capita incomes. Fourth, industry wage differentials are positively related to an industry's productivity growth, output growth, capital intensity, and export orientation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper describes the experiences of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in the electronic dissemination of its statistical products. Section I describes the institutional setting. Section 11, the heart of the paper, is based on a review BEA recently undertook with a view to improving its procedures and policies for disseminating its information to the public. Section III draws conclusions from the review and raises some questions as a basis for comparisons among agencies.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper documents the changes in earnings capacity poverty that occurred between 1973 and 1088. Families are “Earnings Capacity Poor” if they are unable to generate enough income to lift them out of poverty, even if all working-age adults in the family work full-time, year-round. Data from the March 1974 and March 1989 Current Population Surveys indicate that earnings capacity poverty increased more rapidly than official poverty. Much of this increase can be attributed to the rise in earnings capacity poverty among whites, intact families, and family heads with more than a high school diploma. Most alarming, the percentage of children in earnings capacity poor families is considerably higher than it is among persons over eighteen; in 1988, nearly 15 percent of children under six lived in families that could not have escaped poverty even if the adults in their family were working and earning at their full capacity levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: We derive criteria for ranking income distributions where households differ in equity-relevant non-income characteristics (‘needs’). using methods which do not require cardinal specifications of equivalence scales. We consider comparisons for situations where the distributions of needs differ (eg. Cross nationally or intertemporally), building on the results of Atkinson and Bourguignon (1987) and Atkinson (1992). The modifications required when the individual rather than the household is the income-receiving unit are also discussed. We illustrate the methods with an analysis of changes in social welfare and poverty in the U.K. between 1981 and 1986.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Estimates of capital stock normally equate different models of capital goods by their production costs at a base date (a concept known as method 1 or K), not by their current marginal products (method 3, or J). Some economists advocate that, instead, different models be equated by the base-date costs of providing characteristics of the goods, not of the goods themselves. The characteristics selected have, however, excluded the amounts of other inputs used in the production to which the good is devoted. Hence the method does not equate capital goods by their marginal products but instead by the gross products of the capital goods together with various amounts of associated inputs. Gordon recognizes this defect and believes he has remedied it empirically, but the steps he takes are too slight to support this view. It remains impractical to construct estimates that equate goods by their marginal products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Using poverty lines representing the fixed basket of goods and services, the development over time of poverty in Finland and Sweden are compared. In both countries, poverty decreased rapidly between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, after which changes have been less dramatic. During the first part of the 1980s poverty continued to decrease in Finland, but increased in Sweden. Comparisons for age-groups showed large reductions in poverty rates among the aged in both countries. Poverty has shifted from the permanent old age poverty towards a more temporary poverty in young adulthood.International comparisons show that in the early 1980s both Finland and Sweden had poverty rates below the average of the affluent Western nations. Furthermore, these comparisons suggest that cross-national variations in poverty rates are partly explained by the size of the welfare state. Also, time series analysis shows that income transfers have taken an increasing number of people out of poverty in both countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Intergenerational correlations between parental income and child earnings reflect the extent of intergenerational economic mobility and equality of opportunity. Previous estimates are about 0.2, but these estimates suffer from a number of problems, including the use of but one year of observations and of nonrandom samples. We present new estimates based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These estimates suggest correlations over 0.5 with longer-run income and earning measures, as well as some gender and race differences and some impact of liquidity constraints. They also suggest that the intergenerational elasticity is greater as parental income increases, the opposite of the Becker-Tomes conjecture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The contracting-out problem in service sector analysis is defined and considered from the viewpoint of choice of statistical unit. It is shown that both the enterprise statistical unit and the establishment- based unit are unsatisfactory for economic analysis. This leads to the recommendation for an “intermediate” statistical unit, namely the “division.” The division, by construction and definition, is shown to have desirable properties for analysis of the contracting-out problem (and own-account problem) relating to services. Some empirical evidence with respect to the Canadian service sector economy supports the analysis and suggests a new interpretation of conventional service sector growth statistics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Due to lack of data on capital disappearance, we simply do not know the covariance of the capital stock with factor inputs and prices well enough to estimate production function parameters. Since replacement rates are rational economic decisions, the errors in a perpetual inventory capital stock vary systematically with the business cycle and such economic variables as rates of technical progress and interest rates. This introduces systematic errors into calculated parameters of production functions and rates of technical progress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 11 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. A land evaluation at farm level was made for a toposequence of three New York soils, using the FAO framework and the LEACHN simulation model. The land utilization type (LUT) was continuous corn, using three varieties with different growing periods. Ten experts identified the same land qualities but three different types of land characteristics, as derived from soil survey data, field observations and simulation modelling. Differences could be explained by the backgrounds of the experts. A land evaluation procedure according to framework criteria using decision trees rather than matching tables was more accessible and transparent. Simulation of the soil-water regime provided quantitative data for all land qualities considered, and this procedure was preferred to qualitative estimates based on poorly defined procedures. When some land qualities cannot be characterized by simulation, however, a mix of qualitative and quantitative decision tree branches may be considered. The standard scheme of land evaluation, which is scale independent, provides irrelevant results at farm level because farmers’ questions are different from those of regional planners who are well served by the traditional land evaluation procedure. For the farmer, development of decision support systems should be focused on optimal management decisions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Runoff and soil loss were measured using simulated rainfall at nine shrubland sites on gypsiferous soils in the Ebro Valley. The sites represented diverse physiographical situations, including three soil types, three slopes and different percentages of rock outcrop and vegetation cover. Soil type, slope and vegetation cover significantly affected runoff and soil losses. An average of 40% of the simulated rainfall (48 mm/h) appeared as runoff and amounts were positively correlated with soil losses. The greatest runoff and soil losses were from plots with the steepest slopes. Rock outcrops decreased soil losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Organic manures contain valuable quantities of nitrogen, phosphate and potash, but many farmers regard them as ‘waste materials’ rather than as sources of plant nutrients. Utilization of the plant-available nitrogen content is poor at present because of manure management practices which lead to leaching and atmospheric losses. Experiments studying the effect of timing suggest that, in order to decrease nitrate leaching, applications of manures which contain much available nitrogen should not be made during the period September to December on freely draining grassland and arable soils. Spring top dressings of dilute pig or cattle slurries and poultry manures to growing cereal crops are generally more efficient than autumn applications, particularly on freely draining soils. Legislation requiring manures to be applied in an environmentally acceptable manner and the economic need for farmers to realize the nutrient value of organic manures are likely to change the farming industry's perception of manures as ‘waste materials’.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Finely ground limestone waste from lead mining is discarded as useless but could be a valuable alternative to agricultural limestone. A glasshouse pot experiment established that it is an effective liming material. Two kinds were used: one from north Wales (HMT) represented metal-rich waste produced by the older water-gravity separation of ores; the other (NLB) was a modern flotation tailings. A commercial lime (CLS) was used for comparison. The materials were applied to an acid soil in quantities sufficient to raise the pH to 7 (single liming) and at much greater rates equivalent to annual limings for 369 years. All treatments were replicated five times and the soil/lime mixtures were analysed for EDTA-extractable lead, zinc and cadmium. Radish was grown as the test plant and hypocotyl and leaf tissue were analysed for the same metals. The larger additions of HMT and NLB caused chlorosis and decreased yields. The cadmium and lead concentrations of leaves and hypocotyls suggested that the HMT material could be safely applied to soil annually for 79 years and NLB for 277 years. It is concluded that NLB can be used as agricultural limestone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Pollution by inorganic and organic substances is increasingly disrupting the natural functions of soils. Some soils seem capable of receiving and holding chemical compounds, at the same time retaining their ecological flexibility, but others are readily damaged and should be regarded as vulnerable to particular pollution scenarios.At the request of the Chemical Time Bombs (CTB) Project, the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) organized an international workshop to assess the feasibility of increasing awareness of ‘soil vulnerability’ by a mapping exercise for Europe (SOVEUR), at a scale of 1:5 M, with reference to selected organic and inorganic contaminants. The workshop participants outlined procedures for a GIS-based approach to determining areas where vulnerable soils occur, and formulated proposals for the implementation phase of the SOVEUR programme. Funding is now sought for continuation of the work outlined in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 9 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Book Reviewed in this article:The Evaluation of Land Resources By D.A. Davidson.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Wet and droughty soils and those on steep slopes are now marginal for agriculture in Denmark. A nation-wide map of these soil types has therefore been made to show their distributions. This was based on an existing soil database containing maps and analytical data. The paper describes the methods used to extract and display the data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The co-regionalization between relative elevation and zinc concentration was used to map zinc concentration in the soil of the Geul floodplain in the southern Netherlands by co-kriging from 154 observations. Point co-kriging and point kriging for estimating zinc content in the soil were compared in terms of kriging variances. Another 45 samples were used to compare the precision of the estimated values in terms of squared and absolute estimation errors. Point co-kriging produced better estimates of zinc concentration than either simple point kriging or linear regression from the relative elevation data alone. Moreover, the estimation variances for co-kriging are substantially smaller than those for kriging. The results suggest that knowledge of geomorphological processes can often improve the quality of interpolation maps of properties that are expensive to measure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Disjunctive kriging provides minimum variance estimates of properties from non-linear combinations of spatially correlated sample data. In addition it can be used to estimate the conditional probability that some critical threshold is exceeded or that there is a deficit at unsampled points. The technique has been applied to estimate and map the salinity of the soil in the Bet Shean Valley of Israel from measurements of electrical conductivity. In November 1985 the estimated electrical conductivity of the soil exceeded 4 mS per centimetre throughout most of the region, and in only a small area was the probability of salinity less than 0.2. By March 1986 the electrical conductivity had declined everywhere to less than 4 mS per centimetre, and the conditional probability of exceeding this value nowhere exceeded 0.25. Despite the fluctuation in salinity farmers seem to have it under control. The results suggest that winter wheat is likely to germinate poorly in the saltier parts of the region and that lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa) is unlikely to yield its maximum over most of it. Cotton, a summer crop sown in spring, should not suffer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. To allow land planners and managers to assess erosion under alternative management practices a model has been developed. It is based on the universal soil loss equation but uses subfactors for crop cover and management. Readily available agronomic data and field expert opinion were used in formulating the method. Locally-derived data are used to validate the model which is then applied to agricultural systems in New South Wales, ranking the relative erosion hazard associated with crop and land management practices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. The 296 soil associations of the National Soil Map of England and Wales are placed into five categories of erosion risk. These are based on land use, landform and soil properties and take into account the extent of erosion in the uplands, and its frequency, extent and rates in the lowlands. Erosion of arable land is by water or wind, but in the uplands frost action and disturbance by sheep are also important. A large proportion of arable England (36%) is at moderate to very high risk of erosion, including much of the better drained and more easily worked land, especially sandy soils. In the uplands thin soils or deep peats are most at risk. If land use changes, because of increasing intensification of agriculture or in response to climatic changes, many soil associations will become more at risk of erosion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Four lithological types of chalk are recognized. Normal white chalk has 34–50% porosity, nearly all of which holds water conventionally‘available’to plants. Hard chalk and grey chalk have less porosity and available water; chalk marl has very little available water. Significant capillary rise from below the root zone can be expected in normal white chalk only, and is not halted by fragmentation. Chalk has little N and usually little P. Only grey chalk and chalk marl have much ettractable K and Mg. These also slake, impeding roots. Thus, fertilized plants tolerant of high pH can grow well on normal white chalk debris, but on raw chalk marl, e.g. Channel Tunnel spoil, they need irrigation. Interesting plants volunteer on chalk debris, even on slaked chalk marl by the sea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Tillage and mulching effects on the environment of the seed zone and on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings in the humid tropics were studied at Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, in the 1987 and 1988 late cropping seasons. The split-plot design experiment had conventional tillage (ploughing and harrowing), reduced tillage (ploughing only), zero tillage and grass mulch treatments. Conventional and reduced tillage practices decreased initial bulk density and increased seedling emergence, root growth, dry matter yield and overall seedling performance. Addition of mulch increased the soil moisture in the root zone and significantly decreased maximum soil temperatures and diurnal fluctuations in temperature. This provided a more stable environment for seedling establishment and growth than the unmulched soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article.Heavy Metals in Soils Editor B.J. Alloway.F.A.O. Soils Bulletin 61: Radioactive fallout in soils, crops and food By F.P.W. Winteringham.Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems Edited by D.C. Coleman, J.M. Oades and G. Uehara.Agroforestry for soil conservation By A. Young.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. One direct measurement and two indirect estimates suggest that 35–40 kg nitrogen per hectare are deposited on arable land from the atmosphere each year in the south and east of England. This could contribute markedly to nitrate leaching and soil acidification. It may also change the flora and fauna of ‘natural’ ecosystems, as such amounts are likely to exceed the critical load.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. Four bullock-drawn tillage implements (mouldboard plough, chisel plough, sweeps, and shovels) were evaluated on a hard-setting Alfisol. Measurements included draft requirement, bulk density, cone index, soil crust strength, water content of the plough-layer and crop yield. Changes in bulk density and cone index due to tillage decreased with time and were negligible by the end of the growing season. After tillage with a mouldboard plough the crust was stronger than after tillage with other implements. The shovel cultivator enabled the soil to store more water, and required least draft per unit effective area of cut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract. During 1986 erosion on soil mulched with 6 t ha-1 of straw was compared with that on soil maintained bare by herbicides in a mature apple orchard. The orchard was on well-drained soil with a sandy loam top on a slope of 2°. Erosion was greatest in the alleys between the trees, where traffic had compacted and smoothed the soil. The mean annual soil loss on bare ground in the alleys was 0.45 t ha-1; straw mulch reduced this by 85%. Erosion was worst between July and October, when rainfall 〉 10 mm h-1 was most frequent. However, differences in soil moisture and resistance to infiltration may have also contributed to differences in erosion throughout the year.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper provides a disaggregated productivity comparison between Japan and the U.S. for the period 1885–1990. It combines two detailed productivity comparisons for 1939 and 1975 with time series to provide a long-term sectoral perspective. There is much diversity in the Japanese experience. The agricultural sector has shown relative stagnation since 1885. The service sector showed considerable growth before the Second World War and reached high productivity levels in the post-war period. Within services there is great diversity in productivity levels. Japan's manufacturing sector has shown the fastest catch-up and its productivity level is currently close to that of the U.S.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper focuses on three questions: (1) Was mobility within the income distribution in the 1980s different from the 1970s? (2) Is there as much mobility when some measure of permanent income is used? and (3) Does movement within the income distribution imply real income changes'? Income mobility between 1969 and 1976, and between 1979 and 1986 is examined using real family income from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results show that there is considerable movement within the income distribution when both annual and permanent income is used. This movement, however is generally not very great in either direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper makes a comparative analysis of the micro-data, the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) and the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (NSFIE) data, with the macro-data, the System of National Accounts (SNA), figures for the Japanese household sector. The overall FIES/SNA ratio is about 80 percent. In comparing the results to those of other countries, the figure seems to be not bad. However, the treatment of categories such as Gross Rent, Fuel and Power, and Medical Care and Health Expenses, require further consideration. In this regard we consider imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings for the SNA and a sampling scheme for the FIES.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 39 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Income-only and income-net worth measures of elderly economic well-being are derived from a single public welfare function-optimizing model of household production and intertemporal resource allocation. These measures are estimated with data on United States elderly in 1984 from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The income-net worth measure also incorporates independently estimated work-life expectancies and earnings replacement rates. Under both measures, minority, moderately disabled, and unmarried female elderly are the poorest sub-populations. Increasing poverty with age is found under the income-only measure, but not the income-net worth measure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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