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  • Articles  (14)
  • Wheat
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 1925-1929
  • 1988  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots on mineralization rates of soil organic matter (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Soil C mineralization ; 14C-labelled plant material ; Decomposition stages ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the roots removed from the soil, and a new crop was started. Thus, the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of active roots on C-mineralization rates during different stages of decomposition and during long-term incubation. During the first 200 days, corresponding to the active decomposition stages, the roots weakly reduced 14C mineralization. With a lower level of decomposition, when more than 60% of the initial 14C was mineralized and when the available nutrients were markedly exhausted by plant uptake, the roots stimulated 14C mineralization.[/ p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260735
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root activity and carbon metabolism in soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Rhizosphere ; C metabolism ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial activity ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the old roots removed from the soil, so that the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. During the initial stages of high microbial activity, due to decomposition of the labile compounds, the size of the total microbial biomass was comparable for both treatments, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2-C = mg CO2-C·mg−1 Biomass C·h−1) was increased by the plants. During the subsequent low-activity decomposition stages, after the labile compounds had been progressively mineralized, the biomass was multiplied by a factor of 2–4 in the presence of plants compared to the bare soils. Nevertheless, qCO2-C tended to reach similar low values with both treatments. The 14C-labelled biomass was reduced by the presence of roots and qCO2-14C was increased. The significance of these results obtained from a model experiment is discussed in terms of (1) the variation in the substrate originating from the roots and controlled by the plant physiology, (2) nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms, (3) soil biotic capacities and (4) increased microbial turnover rates induced by the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260736
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro expression of genes affecting whole plant phenotype — the effect of Rht/Gai alleles on the callus culture response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Callus ; Regeneration ; Dwarfinggenes ; Rht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Calli were initiated from immature embryos of 12 lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The lines were from 3 varieties — April Bearded, Bersee and Maris Huntsman — isogenic for the reduced height/gibberellic acid insensitivity (Rht) genes — Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 — and the ‘tall’ (rht) allele. The dwarfing genes had significant effects on the growth and morphogenesis of calli. The genes interacted with the 2,4-D in the medium and the varietal background. Calli of each line were cultured in the presence and absence of 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid (GA), but there was no interaction of the Rht genes with GA in vitro. The effect of the Rht genes is discussed in relation to their effects on cellular hormone metabolism and their involvement in previously described chromosome 4B effects in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276752
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage mapping of genes controlling endosperm storage proteins in wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 642-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; HMW glutenin subunits ; Linkage mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A translocation mapping procedure was used to map the Glu-1 genes, controlling high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes, with respect to their centromeres. The Glu-A1 genes on chromosome arm 1AL were linked with the centromere but gave very different map distances (in cM) of 10.2 ± 3.5 and 33.9 ± 5.4 with test-cross and F2 progeny, respectively. The centromere-Glu-B1 and centromere-Glu-D1 map distances were estimated to be 28.1 ± 2.8 and 30.9 ± 2.7, respectively, using test-cross seeds. A telocentric mapping procedure gave a reduced map distance of 22 ± 3.5 for the centromere-Glu-D1 interval. Possible reasons for the differences between the mapping results obtained with test-cross and F2 seeds and with the translocation and telocentric procedures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289133
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location of β-amylase sequences in wheat and its relatives (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 286-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Wheat ; Aegilops ; Rye ; β-Amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A β-amylase cDNA clone isolated from barley has been used to locate β-amylase encoding sequences on wheat, rye, and Aegilops umbellulata chromosomes by hybridisation to restriction endonuclease digested DNA obtained from wheat aneuploid and wheat-alien addition lines. Structural genes were identified on homoeologous group 4 and 5 chromosomes, confirming the results of isozyme studies. In addition, a further set of structural genes was found on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. It is proposed that there are two homoeoallelic series, β-Amy-1 on group 4 or 5 chromosomes, and β-Amy-2 on group 2 chromosomes. Evidence is presented that each locus contains one or two β-amylase structural genes, and it is suggested that the large number of isozymes seen upon IEF are due to post-translational modifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303966
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic investigations in rye, wheat and triticale (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Giemsa/Leishman ; C-banding ; Polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosomes of tetra- and hexaploid wheat have been individually characterized by Giemsa and/or Leishman C-banding techniques. Appropriate methodological modifications resulted in almost identical staining of chromosomes of tetraploid wheat with Giemsa and Leishman solutions. Additionally comparison of Giemsa banded chromosomes of the A- and B-genome of Triticum turgidum 34 and Triticum aestivum cv ‘Jubilar’ reveals similar or corresponding patterns in all homologous chromosomes with the exception of chromosome 7B. Apart from this intervarietal variation in certain homologous chromosomes of both wheat cultivars, intravarietal polymorphism is verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303969
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA as a convenient probe to follow segregation and possible divergency from expected homozygosity after haploidization of an androgenetic process (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ribosomal DNA ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Anther-derived doubled haploids ; Gametoclonal variation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the wheat nuclear ribosomal DNA has been studied in several steps of a breeding scheme, including parental genotypes, F1 hybrid, F9 generation, and anther-derived doubled haploid lines obtained from F9. Ribosomal DNA represents a suitable molecular marker in following segregation and possible divergency from expected homozygosity after haploidization of an androgenetic process. It has been shown to undergo variations among the first cycle-doubled haploid lines in the relative amount of two different sizes of ribosomal DNA repeat units. The specificity and peculiar properties of the plant system used allowed us to assign an intrachromosomal location (short arm of the chromosomes 1B, 1R or 6B) to several ribosomal DNA repeat units that differ by the length of their nontranscribed spacer region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276740
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage mapping of genes controlling endosperm storage proteins in wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 628-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triplet proteins ; Gliadins ; Glutenins ; Linkage mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A translocation mapping procedure was used to map gene-centromere distances for the genes controlling endosperm proteins on the short arm of each of the chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D in wheat. The genes controlling triplet proteins (tentatively designated Tri-1) were found to be closely linked to the centromere on chromosome arms 1AS and 1DS and loosely linked to the gliadin genes (Gli-1) on the same arms. The Gli-1 genes segregated independently or were very loosely linked to their respective centromeres. The Gli-B1-centromere map distance on 1BS was also estimated using conventional telocentric mapping and the result was similar to that obtained with the translocation mapping. A simple two-step one-dimensional electrophoretic procedure is described which allows the low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits to be separated from the gliadin bands, thus facilitating the genetic analysis of these LMW subunits. No recombination was observed between the genes (designated Glu-3) controlling some major LMW glutenin subunits and those controlling gliadins on chromosome arms 1AS and 1DS. However, in a separate experiment, the genes controlling LMW glutenin subunits on 1BS (Glu-B3) showed a low frequency of recombination with the gliadin genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289132
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of haploid wheat plants from wheat x maize crosses (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Maize ; Wide-crosses ; Embryo culture ; Haploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hybrid embryos from hexaploid wheat x maize crosses rapidly lose the maize chromosomes to produce haploid wheat embryos. Such embryos almost always aborted when left to develop on the plant, and only 1 was recovered from 2440 florets (0.17% of the expected number). Embryos had greater viability in spikelet culture, 47 (26.5% of the expected number) being recovered from 706 ovaries. Thirty-two of these embryos germinated to give green plants, 31 of which were haploid (21 wheat chromosomes) and 1 of which was euploid (42 wheat chromosomes). Spikelet culture enabled 17.1% of the expected number of embryos to be recovered as haploid plants, a 100-fold improvement on allowing embryos to develop in vivo. Ten haploid plants of ‘Chinese Spring’ (kr1, kr2), 13 plants of ‘Chinese Spring (Hope 5A)’ (kr1, Kr2), and 8 of ‘Hope’ (Kr1, Kr2) were recovered. The potential of wheat x maize crosses for wheat haploid production and for gene transfer from maize to wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265339
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eyespot resistance gene Pch-1 from Aegilops ventricosa is associated with a different chromosome in wheat line H-93-70 than the resistance factor in “Roazon” wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 573-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Aegilops ventricosa ; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ; Eyespot resistance ; Chromosome markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hexaploid wheat line H-93-70 carries a gene (Pch-1) that has been transferred from the wild grass Aegilops ventricosa and confers a high degree of resistance to eyespot diesease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Crosses of the resistant line H-93-70 with the susceptible wheat Pané 247 and with a 7D/7Ag wheat/Agropyron substitution line were carried out and F2 kernels were obtained. The kernels were cut transversally and the halves carrying the embryos were used for the resistance test, while the distal halves were used for genetic typing. Biochemical markers were used to discriminate whether the transferred Pch-1 gene was located in chromosome 7D, as is the case for a resistance factor present in “Roazon” wheat. In the crosses involving Pané 247, resistance was not associated with the 7D locus Pln, which determines sterol ester pattern (dominant allele in H-93-70). In the crosses with the 7D/7Ag substitution line, resistance was neither associated with protein NGE-11 (7D marker), nor alternatively inherited with respect to protein C-7 (7Ag marker). It is concluded that gene Pch-1 represents a different locus and is not an allele of the resistance factor in “Roazon” wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260911
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A family of endosperm globulins encoded by genes located in group 1 chromosomes of wheat and related species (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Wheat ; Rye ; Globulins ; Gene mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new group of proteins soluble in salt solutions and organic solvents (70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixtures), but not in water, has been isolated from wheat and rye endosperm. The molecular weights (23–26 kDa) and amino acid compositions of the different fractions characterized suggest a high degree of homology among the major components of the fractions in wheat and rye. Compensating nulli-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of hexaploid wheat have been analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and genes for these proteins have been assigned to the short arms of chromosomes 1 A, 1 B and 1 D. A similar analysis of Triticum aestivum/Secale cereale and T. aestivum/Agropyron elongatum addition and substitution lines has shown that genes for the corresponding globulins are located in the short arms of group 1 chromosomes of these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330492
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of the microtubular cytoskeleton during endosperm development in wheat: an immunofluorescence study (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 146 (1988), S. 18-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Endosperm ; Immunofluorescence ; Microtubular assemblies ; Polyethylene glycol ; Triticum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The three-dimensional structure of the microtubular cytoskeleton of developing wheat endosperm was investigated immunocytochemically. Semi-thin sections were prepared from polyethylene glycol embedded ovaries. At the free-nuclear stage the endosperm cytoplasm with regularly distributed nuclei surrounded a large central vacuole and exhibited an extensive network of fluorescent labelled microtubular assemblies radiating from each nucleus. As was found in other coenocytes, this particular and nuclear-dependent cytoskeletal configuration functions in the arrangement of nuclei and in the stabilization of the nuclear positions. At the beginning of cellularization of the endosperm the formation of vacuoles altered the radiating networks. It is likely that the radiating microtubular arrays function in the formation of phragmoplasts, independent of nuclear divisions. The formation of anticlinal cell walls, giving rise to openended cell cylinders, coincides with the occurrence of phragmoplast microtubular arrays which were demonstrated during the period of cell wall elongation. The microtubular system radiating from the nuclei in these cell cylinders anchored the nuclei in stage- and locus-specific positions. During the development of aleurone and inner endosperm cells, cell morphogenesis was related to earlier demonstrated types of microtubular configurations in the cortical cytoplasm. This suggests that a general mechanism is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354291
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization ofAzotobacter spp. and effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum as inoculant on the yield and N-uptake of wheat crop (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Azotobacter ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Out of ten isolates ofAzospirillum spp. isolated from the root and rhizosphere of wheat plant, seven belonged toA. brasilense and three belonged toA. lipoferum. All eight isolates ofAzotobacter spp. belonged toAzotobacter chroococcum. Two strains, one fromA. lipoferum and another fromA. chroococcum having high nitrogen fixing capacity with negative test for denitrification were used as inoculant to supplement the nitrogen need of wheat crop. Significant increases in the yield of wheat grain and uptake of nitrogen by the crop over the control were found in pot tests when the seeds were inoculated either withAzospirillum spp. orAzotobacter spp. or the combination of both the inoculants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197592
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of embryogenicTriticum aestivum L. calli. I. Quantification of genotype and culture medium effects (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Wheat ; callus formation ; somatic embryogenesis ; 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid ; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; 6-furfurylaminopurine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic embryo (embryoid) formation from immature-embryo-derived calli was quantified in replicated experiments involving 10Triticum aestivum L. genotypes. Several published media formulations, which had previously been optimized for wheat tissue culture, were tested for each genotype. Embryos from each plant were randomly assigned to each medium. Percentage precocious germination of immature embryos and mean percentage scutellar callus per explant were recorded. Embryoids per callus were determined by microscopic examination at 28 and 56 days. There were highly significant differences among genotypes, media, and individual plants from which explants were taken. A medium based on double the Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salt concentration was significantly better than other media. Inclusion of all MS vitamins appeared essential for optimal response. Two genotypes were tested in a second experiment where both 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (9.05 μM) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (0.46 μM) were substituted for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (4.52 μM) in either double or normal MS medium. This substitution significantly increased embryoid formation at 28 days. Additions of either 6-furfurylaminopurine or coconut water increased precocious germination of both embryo explants and embryoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043112
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