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  • Articles  (9)
  • mitosis  (9)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9)
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1987  (9)
  • Medicine  (9)
  • Sociology
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • Articles  (9)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9)
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
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  • Medicine  (9)
  • Sociology
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
  • Biology  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorganization of microtubules during mitosis in Dictyostelium: Dissociation from MTOC and selective assembly/disassembly in situ (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; mitosis ; microtubule ; MTOC ; immunoflurescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We applied the “agar-overaly” immunofluorescence techinque (Yumura, S., H. Mori, and Y. Fukui, J. Cell Biol. 99:894-899, 1984) to a semisynchronous culture of Dictyostelium discoideum for studying the organization changes in the microtubule system during mitosis. Using a flurescent DNA dye DAPI (4′,6′ -diamidino-2-phenylindole), chromatin fibers and individual chromosomes were visible in cells prepared by this method, whereby the mitotic phase could be critically evaluated.We found that a rapid shortening of the cytoplasmic microtubules was preceded by a structural dislocation from their organizing centers (MTOCs) in the midprophase, resulting in the transient occurrence of free microtubules in the cytoplasm. Statistic analyses showed that microtubule disassembly in prophase was diphasic. Initially long, wavy microtubules shortened from their distal ends. Following dissociation of their proximal ends from the MTOC, all microtubules initiated rapid disassembly, probably from both ends. During this process, microtubule assembly from the now duplicated spindle pole body (SPB) resumed.This study also revealed novel information on the dynamics of the Dictyostelium mitotic spindle: 1) Half spindles interdigitate in the spindle center, and the extent of interdigition increases coincidentally with the spindle elongation, and 2) during the anaphase to telophase, a subpopulation of spindle microtubules elongates while the rest of the microtubules disasemble very rapidly.Overall this study indicates the presence of elaborate mechanisms responsible for the selective assembly/disassembly of particular microtubule subpopulations in situ.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microinjected carboxylated beads move predominantly poleward in sea urchin eggs (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; particle motility ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Observations on living mitoic cells have suggested that material in the spindle moves poleward during mitosis. In order to investigate this movement, sea urchin eggs have been microinjected with 0.25-μm diameter carboxylated fluorescent beads. When fluorescent beads were injected into unfertilized Lytechinus variegatus eggs, no motility was detected. When injected into mitotic cells, beads moved to the spindle poles. Individual beads moved rapidly, in a saltory fashion, and followed generally linear paths. Beads appeared to move along astral fibers, were generally excluded from thespindle proper, and accumulated at the spindle poles. Some dispersion of the beads away from the pole was observed as cells completed mitosis, but the majority of beads retained a polar location. After depolymerization of spindle microtubules with nocodazole, some dispersion of beads into the cytoplasm was also observed. Beads moved along taxol-induced astral microtubules and accumulated at astral centers. These observations reveal that negatively chargedbeads accumulate rapidly at mitotic centers, moving toward the minus end of the microtubules. Neither the bidirectional motility of similar beads in interphase cells nor the plus-end-directed bead motility seen in axons was observed in these mitotic cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vimentin dynamics during the mitogenic stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Vimentin ; tubulin ; lymphocytes ; stimulation ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy to examine the distribution of tubulin and vimentin during the stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes by the mitogen concanavalin A. In unstimulated cells, vimentin forms a filamentous network partially coincident with the radial pattern of microtubules. In stimulated cells, the numbers of microtubules assembled from the centrosome. When these cells enter mitosis, vimentin is arranged into a filamentous cage enclosing the mitotic apparatus. During cytokinesis, the polar centrosomes are observed at a position adjacent to the midbody and vimentin is detected as an aggregate, similar to that seen prior to mitosis, close to the centrosome in each daughter cell. Using several agents, such as colchicine, colcemid, nocodazole, and taxol, which affect microtubule assembly, we have observed that the vimentin system, although closely related spatially to the microtubule complex in lymphocytes, can still reorganize independently as these cells progress through in the cell cycle. Throughout mitogenic stimulation in the continued presence of taxol, microtubules are reorganized into a few thick bundles while the vimentin system undergoes a sequence of rearragements similar to those observed during normal stimulation. These data suggest that vimentin dynamics may be important in the progression of lymphocytes through the cell cycle in response to mitogen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of sea urchin egg cytoplasmic dynein in mitotic apparatus studied by using a monoclonal antibody against sea urchin sperm flagellar 21S dynein (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: dynein ; mitosis ; chromosome movement ; immnunofluorescence observation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody against sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) sperm flagellar 21S dynein was characterized and sued to identify and localized cytoplasmic dynein of sea urchin eggs by the methods of immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. D57, the monoclonal antibody used in this study, was directed to the Aβ polypeptide of 21S dynein. D57 stained sperm flagella specifically but did not inhibit Mg-ATPase activity of 21S dynein, its recombination ability with NaCl-extracted axonemes, or the movement of demembranated sperm. D57 cross-reacted with sea urchin egg cytoplasmic dynein. High molecular weight cytoplasmic dynein polypeptide which had the same electrophoretic mobility s flagellar dynein. A chains was the only polypeptide that reacted with D57 in the crude extract from unfertilized sea urchin eggs. Indirect immunofluorescence observations showed that the mitotic apparatus was stained most intensely in the frozen sections and lysed eggs. In the mitotic apparatus isolated at metaphase, the half spindles were stained more strongly than the astral regions. The regions near chromosomes in the half spindle appeared to be stained particularly. Staining of the interzone was also observed in the mitotic spindle isolated at anaphase. Comparison of the staining patterns for cytoplasmic dynein with that for tubulin suggested that cytoplasmic dynein was localized where microtubules were densely organized, but its distribution may not necessarily be identical with that of microtubules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary cilia cycle in PtK1 cells: Effects of colcemid and taxol on cilia formation and resorption (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 187-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; centrosome ; centriole ; cytoplasmic microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of colcemid (0.16-1.0 μM) and taxol (10 μM) on the primary cilia cycle in PtK1 cells were studied by antitubulin immunofluorescence microscopy and by high-voltage electron microscopy of serial 0.25-μm sections. Although these dings induce a fully characteristic rearrangement (taxol) or disassembly (colcemid) of cytoplasmic microtubulcs, neither affects the structure of primary cilia formed prior to the treatment or the resorption of primary cilia during the initial stages of mitosis. Cells arrested in mitosis by taxol or colcemid remain in mitosis for 5-7 h at 37°C and then form 4N “micronucleated” restitution nuclei. Formation of primary cilia in these micronucleated cells is blocked by colcemid in a concentration-dependent fashion: normal cilia with expanded (ie, bulbed) distal ends form at the lower (0.16-0.25 μM) concentrations, while both cilia formation and centriole replication are inhibited at the higher (≥ 1.0 μM) concentrations. However, even in the presence of 1.0 μM colcemid, existing centrioles acquire the appendages characteristically associated with ciliating centrioles and attach to the dorsal cell surface. Continuous treatment with colcemid thus produces a population of cells enriched for the early stages of primary cilia formation. Micronucleated cells formed from a continuous taxol treatment contain two normal centriole pairs, and one or both parenting centrioles possess a primary cilium. Taxol, which has been reported to stabilize microtubules in vitro, does not inhibit the cell-cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly of axonemal microtubules in vivo.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cordycepin disrupts the microtubule networks and arrests nil 8 hamster fibroblasts at the onset of mitosis (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cordycepin ; microtubules ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nucleoside analogue 3′-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) arrests dividing cells at the onset of mitosis in prometaphase. The microtubules in the arrested prometaphase cells depolymerize to two small asters. A minimum of 80 μg/ml cordycepin or 20 μg/ml cordycepin in combination with 2 μg/ml of the deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine (EHNA) lo inhibit its degradation is required to see these effects. Analysis of cell extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography indicates that cordycepin enters the cells rapidly and is phosphorylated to 3′-dATP. The intracellular concentration rises almost linearly from 0.7 mM after 15 min to 7 mM by 210 min. Concomitantly the ATP concentration shows a rapid drop from the 4 mM present in controls. However, the direct reduction of ATP levels does not mimic the same rapid effects of cordycepin on the microtubules. In addition, similar effects are not produced by a variety of other adenosine analogues with alterations in the 2′ and 3′ ribose positions. Although other pharmacological reagents arrest cells at the onset of mitosis, cordycepin is unusual because of the collapse of the microtubule networks to two small asters that radiate from the microtubule-organizing center. 3′-dATP can replace the requirement for ATP or GTP in the vitro polymerization of microtubules from microtubule protein: however, at limiting concentrations of nucleotide it requires approximately two times the concentration of 3′-dATP as ATP to support an equivalent level of microtubule polymerization. This suggests that the effects of cordycepin in vivo may be the result of the depletion of cellular ATP pools and the altered ability of 3′dATP to substitute for ATP-dependent reactions. Current experiments are testing this hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quinacrine-induced changes in mitotic PtK1 spindle microtubule organization (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; mitotic apparatus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Quinacrine, an acridine derivative which competitively binds to ATP binding sites, has been used to study the role of ATP requiring molecules in microtubule organization in mitotic PtK1 cells. Brief treatments of metaphase cells with concentrations of quinacrine ranging from 2 to 10 μM decreased spindle length and birefringence in a concentration-dependent manner. With either increasing quinacrine concentrations or duration of treatment, metaphase cells demonstrated a specific reorganization of spindle microtubules. Both polarization and electron microscopy showed a substantial loss of non-kinetochore spindle microtubules with an increase in astral microtubules: this was particularly evident in the region adjacent to the spindle domain. Addition of millimolar concentrations of dinitrophenol to quinacrine-containing medium did not potentiate the response of metaphase cells to quinacrine treatment. Time-lapse video analysis demonstrated that the astral microtubules are the result of reorganization of spindle microtubules. These data suggest that functional ATP binding sites are required to maintain stable interactions between microtubules and that these interactions are responsible for maintaining the bowed configuration of non-kinetochore spindle microtubules which are under compression at metaphase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microinjectecd calcium-calmodulin on mitosis in PtK2 cells (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; calcium ; calmodulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Calcium and calmodulin are believed in play a significant role in the regulation of mitosis, because they are both localized in the mitotic spindle and because they can potentiate microtubule depolymerization in the test tube and in the living cell. It has been hypothesized, specifically, that calcium-saturated calmodulin drives the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules that must occur during prometaphase, when the chromosomes congress to the metaphase plate, and during anaphase A, when the half-spindles shorten. We have examined the role of calmodulin in mitosis by observing the consequences of calmodulin microinjection on the progress of mitosis and morphology of the mitotic spindle in PtK2 cells. We have found that the injection of excess calcium-saturated calmodulin during early prometaphase significantly prolongs the time required for the cell to go into anaphase, and that neither calcium-depleted calmodulin nor buffer alone produce a similar perturbation. Calcium ion alone produces a similar but much smaller retardation of mitosis. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent analogue cytochemical studies of spindle morphology reveal that the immediate (〈5-min) effect of calcium-saturated calmodulin on prometaphase spindles is a significant shortening of the kinetochore fibers and “interpolar” microtubules but not the astral microtubules. After this perturbation, however, the spindle quickly recovers its normal form. An equivalent transient shortening of the spindle fibers is seen following the injection of calcium chloride solutions but not after the injection of calciumdepleted calmodulin or buffer alone. Taken together, these observations suggest that calcium-saturated calmodulin plays a significant role in the regulation of mitosis, and that this regulatory pathway involves more than spindle fiber shortening.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress fiber and cleavage furrow formation in living cells microinjected with fluorescently labeled α-actinin (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytokinesis ; mitosis ; PtK2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: α-Actinins, isolated from muscle and nonmuscle sources and labeled with various fluorescent dyes, were microinjected into living PtK2 cells during interphase to observe the reformation of stress fibers following cell division. Fluorescently labeled ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin were also injected as control proteins. α-Actinin was incorporated into stress fibers within 5 minutes after injection and remained present in the fibers for up to 11 days. The pattern of incorporation was the same regardless of whether the α-actinin was isolated from muscle or nonmuscle tissues or whether it was labeled with fluorescein, Lucifer Yellow, or rhodamine dyes. In contrast, neither labeled ovalbumin nor bovine serum albumin were incorporated into stress fibers. When the injected cells entered prophase, all stress fibers disassembled, resulting in a distribution of the fluorescent α-actinin throughout the cytoplasm. During cytokinesis, the fluorescent α-actinin was concentrated in the broad area between the separated chromosomes and along the edge of the cell in the cleavage area. Within 10 minutes after the completion of cleavage, the first fluorescent stress fibers reformed parallel to the spreading edges of the daughter cells and in close association with the midbody with a concomitant loss of α-actinin in the former cleavage furrow. Additional fibers formed adjacent to these first stress fibers. In some cases, new stress fibers formed between two existing stress fibers and some stress fibers moved up to 4 μm apart from one another in the course of 2 hours. Thus, fluorescent α-actinin, injected into living cells, undergoes the same cyclical changes in distribution as endogenous α-actinin during the cell cycle: from stress fibers to cleavage furrow and back to stress fibers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070304
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