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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (902)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • 1985-1989  (1,015)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1986  (1,015)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,015)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
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    Measurements of the cosmic background radiation (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data on the cosmic microwave background radiation obtained with a maser at 12 mm and a Schottky diode mixer at 3 mm are presented. The dipole anisotropy, apparently due to our motion, has been measured sufficiently well to determine our direction of motion within two degrees. The results show that the Galaxy is moving in a direction that is about 44 deg from the center of the Virgo cluster.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Gravitino decay and the cosmic gamma-ray background (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is argued that the cosmic gamma-ray background (CGB) spectrum does not exhibit evidence for the decay of light gravitinos, in contradiction to the suggestion by Olive and Silk (1985), who observed a bump near 1 MeV in the CGB radiation spectrum. It is suggested that better fits to the CGB spectrum would be provided by mechanisms generating a power-law spectrum which is flattened below about 2 MeV. Olive and Silk maintain that the decays of a long-lived particle such as the gravitino may be responsible for features in the gamma-ray spectrum near 1 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 56; 2551; Au
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  • 3
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    Average transverse momentum and energy density in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Emulsion chambers were used to measure the transverse momenta of photons or pi(0) mesons produced in high-energy cosmic-ray nucleus-nucleus collisions. A group of events having large average transverse momenta has been found which apparently exceeds the expected limiting values. Analysis of the events at early interaction times, of the order of 1 fm/c, indicates that the observed transverse momentum increases with both rapidity density and energy density.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 57; 3249-325
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  • 4
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    Enhancement of high-energy cosmic-ray spectrum by type-II supernovae (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The cosmic-ray spectrum has an intensity enhancement in the energy range 10 to the 14th to 10 to the 16th eV per nucleus. Recent observations of heavy cosmic rays in this energy range indicate that the Ca/Fe ratio may be as large as 10 times the solar value. It is suggested that pulsars in type-II supernova remnants are the origin of this component of the cosmic-ray spectrum.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 321; 839-841
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  • 5
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    The effect of the heliospheric current sheet on cosmic ray intensities at solar maximum - Two alternative hypotheses (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The capabilities of two alternative models for accounting for the reversal of the solar magnetic field polarity at the point of solar maximum and for the associated modulation of cosmic ray intensities at 1 AU are assessed. One model posits a continuous increase in the inclination of the heliospheric current sheet to a point of verticality at maximum, when it overturns and the reversal occurs. The alternative view is that the sun sheds the magnetic field of the previous cycle and generates a new field of opposite polarity. Some data do exist for a tilted current sheet which increases its tilt with proximity to the solar maximum. However, coronal data also support the presence of isolated regions of anomalous polarity which spread over the surface of the sun as maximum approaches, a condition commensurate with flux shedding. Both models predict heliospheric current sheet configurations which would produce some cosmic ray modulations observed over the course of the solar cycle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2889-289
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  • 6
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    Secondary antiproton production in relativistic plasmas (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Angular and energy spectra of bremsstrahlung have been calculated from anisotropic electron distributions in solar flares. Results have been compared to observations of gamma-ray limb-brightening and the data on the variation of the gamma-ray spectrum with flare position on the sun.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 319; 205
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  • 7
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    Observations of cosmic gamma-ray bursts (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent observational progress in gamma ray burst research is reviewed. Findings concerning burst temporal and spectral characteristics, source direction and size spectrum studies, and transient event classification are discussed. The theories concerning the origin of the bursts are examined in the light of the recent evidence.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 4, 19
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  • 8
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    Proton acceleration in gamma-ray bursts (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Proton acceleration and subsequent secondary electron production are proposed as the process responsible for the radiation emission in gamma-ray bursts. In this mechanism electrons are naturally injected at energies much larger than m(e) x c-squared and emission above 10 MeV is expected to be one of their common features, in agreement with observations showing that most of the luminosity of these events is emitted in gamma-rays. This mode of injection guarantees copious e(+)-e(-) pair production at the source and implies a relationship between the luminosity and the spectra of the bursts, the soft bursts being, in general, the most (intrinsically) luminous and hence the most distant. This, in turn, implies that bursts with soft spectra should show a galactic distribution, a fact consistent with the limited available data. It is also argued that the observed red-shift of the e(+)-e(-) annihilation feature may not always be gravitational.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 6; 4, 19
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  • 9
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    Anisotropy of the cosmic blackbody radiation (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The universe is filled with thermal radiation having a current temperature of 2.75 K. Originating in the very early universe, this radiation furnishes strong evidence that the Big Bang cosmology best describes our expanding universe from an incredibly hot, compacted early stage until now. The model can be used to extrapolate our physics backward in time to predict events whose effects might be observable in the 2.75 K radiation today. The spectrum and isotropy are being studied with sophisticated microwave radiometers on the ground, in balloons, and in satellites. The results are as predicted by the simple theory: the spectrum is that of a blackbody (to a few percent) and the radiation is isotropic (to 0.01 percent) except for a local effect due to our motion through the radiation. However, a problem is emerging. Primordial fluctuations in the mass density, which later became the great clusters of galaxies that we see today, should have left an imprint on the 2.75 K radiation - bumpiness on the sky at angular scales of about 10 arc minutes. They have not been seen.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 232; 1517-152
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  • 10
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    Latitudinal extent of the heliospheric current sheet and modulation of galactic cosmic rays (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Possible correlations were investigated between the modulation of galactic cosmic rays and changes in the maximum heliographic latitude of the heliospheric current sheet during solar maximum. Solar photospheric magnetic field data from 1976-82 were extrapolated by means of potential theory to obtain the maximum latitudinal extent of the current sheet in the northern and southern hemispheres. The latitudinal differences were compared with terrestrial neutron flux data and Pioneer 10 data on cosmic rays with energies below 200 MeV at heliocentric distances of 10-30 AU. Account was taken for the time delay for the solar wind to propagate out to the spacecraft location. The current sheet maxima were nearly symmetrical about the solar equator except during sunspot maxima, when the solar poles were reversing. Significant changes in the latitudinal symmetry were highly correlated with the neutron data and cosmic fluctuations at Pioneer 10. The sensitivity of cosmic rays to the polarity reversals is in accordance with predictions of the gradient drift model.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2933-294
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