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  • 1
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    Springer
    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 63-78 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Quadratic assignment problem ; relaxation ; lower bounds ; eigenvalue decomposition ; steepest ascent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate new bounding strategies based on different relaxations of the quadratic assignment problem. In particular, we improve the lower bound found by using an eigenvalue decomposition of the quadratic part and by solving a linear program for the linear part. The improvement is accomplished by applying a steepest ascent algorithm to the sum of the two bounds.
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  • 2
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 127-153 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Local minimization ; knapsack ; indefinite ; quadratic knapsack ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the complexity of finding a local minimum for the nonconvex Quadratic Knapsack Problem. Global minimization for this example of quadratic programming is NP-hard. Moré and Vavasis have investigated the complexity of local minimization for the strictly concave case of QKP; here we extend their algorithm to the general indefinite case. Our main result is an algorithm that computes a local minimum in O(n(logn)2) steps. Our approach involves eliminating all but one of the convex variables through parametrization, yielding a nondifferentiable problem. We use a technique from computational geometry to address the nondifferentiable problem.
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  • 3
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 155-176 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Barrier function methods ; interior penalty methods ; minimax algorithms ; engineering design ; nondifferentiable optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an algorithm based on barrier functions for solving semi-infinite minimax problems which arise in an engineering design setting. The algorithm bears a resemblance to some of the current interior penalty function methods used to solve constrained minimization problems. Global convergence is proven, and numerical results are reported which show that the algorithm is exceptionally robust, and that its performance is comparable, while its structure is simpler than that of current first-order minimax algorithms.
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  • 4
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 223-232 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Global optimization ; Lipschitz functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a best and worst case analysis of convergence rates for a deterministic global optimization algorithm. Superlinear convergence is proved for Lipschitz functions which are convex in the direction of the global maximum (concave in the direction of the global minimum). Computer results are given, which confirm the theoretical convergence rates.
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  • 5
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 177-222 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nonlinear rescaling ; modified barrier functions ; multipliers method ; simultaneous solution ; dual problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The nonlinear rescaling principle employs monotone and sufficiently smooth functions to transform the constraints and/or the objective function into an equivalent problem, the classical Lagrangian which has important properties on the primal and the dual spaces. The application of the nonlinear rescaling principle to constrained optimization problems leads to a class of modified barrier functions (MBF's) and MBF Methods (MBFM's). Being classical Lagrangians (CL's) for an equivalent problem, the MBF's combine the best properties of the CL's and classical barrier functions (CBF's) but at the same time are free of their most essential deficiencies. Due to the excellent MBF properties, new characteristics of the dual pair convex programming problems have been found and the duality theory for nonconvex constrained optimization has been developed. The MBFM have up to a superlinear rate of convergence and are to the classical barrier functions (CBF's) method as the Multipliers Method for Augmented Lagrangians is to the Classical Penalty Function Method. Based on the dual theory associated with MBF, the method for the simultaneous solution of the dual pair convex programming problems with up to quadratic rates of convergence have been developed. The application of the MBF to linear (LP) and quadratic (QP) programming leads to a new type of multipliers methods which have a much better rate of convergence under lower computational complexity at each step as compared to the CBF methods. The numerical realization of the MBFM leads to the Newton Modified Barrier Method (NMBM). The excellent MBF properties allow us to discover that for any nondegenerate constrained optimization problem, there exists a “hot” start, from which the NMBM has a better rate of convergence, a better complexity bound, and is more stable than the interior point methods, which are based on the classical barrier functions.
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  • 6
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 251-265 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; potential function ; standard form ; modified method ; rank-one updates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider partial updating in Ye's affine potential reduction algorithm for linear programming. We show that using a Goldstein—Armijo rule to safeguard a linesearch of the potential function during primal steps is sufficient to control the number of updates. We also generalize the dual step construction to apply with partial updating. The result is the first O(n 3 L) algorithm for linear programming whose steps are not constrained by the need to remain approximately centered. The fact that the algorithm has a rigorous “primal-only” initialization actually reduces the complexity to less than O(m 1.5 n 1.5 L).
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  • 7
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 233-249 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Hit and run methods ; redundancy ; linear inequalities ; coupon collector's problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The hit and run methods are probabilistic algorithms that can be used to detect necessary (nonredundant) constraints in systems of linear constraints. These methods construct random sequences of lines that pass through the feasible region. These lines intersect the boundary of the region at twohit-points, each identifying a necessary constraint. In order to study the statistical performance of such methods it is assumed that the probabilities of hitting particular constraints are the same for every iteration. An indication of the best case performance of these methods can be determined by minimizing, with respect to the hit probabilities, the expected value of the number of iterations required to detect all necessary constraints. We give a set of isolated strong local minimizers and prove that for two, three and four necessary constraints the set of local minimizers is the complete set of global minimizers. We conjecture that this is also the case for any number of necessary constraints. The results in this paper also apply to sampling problems (e.g., balls from an urn) and to the coupon collector's problem.
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  • 8
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 267-279 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear complementarity ; P-matrix ; interior point ; potential function ; linear programming ; quadratic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The linear complementarity problem (LCP) can be viewed as the problem of minimizingx T y subject toy=Mx+q andx, y⩾0. We are interested in finding a point withx T y 〈ε for a givenε 〉 0. The algorithm proceeds by iteratively reducing the potential function $$f(x,y) = \rho \ln x^T y - \Sigma \ln x_j y_j ,$$ where, for example,ρ=2n. The direction of movement in the original space can be viewed as follows. First, apply alinear scaling transformation to make the coordinates of the current point all equal to 1. Take a gradient step in the transformed space using the gradient of the transformed potential function, where the step size is either predetermined by the algorithm or decided by line search to minimize the value of the potential. Finally, map the point back to the original space. A bound on the worst-case performance of the algorithm depends on the parameterλ *=λ*(M, ε), which is defined as the minimum of the smallest eigenvalue of a matrix of the form $$(I + Y^{ - 1} MX)(I + M^T Y^{ - 2} MX)^{ - 1} (I + XM^T Y^{ - 1} )$$ whereX andY vary over the nonnegative diagonal matrices such thate T XYe ⩾ε andX jj Y jj⩽n 2. IfM is a P-matrix,λ * is positive and the algorithm solves the problem in polynomial time in terms of the input size, |log ε|, and 1/λ *. It is also shown that whenM is positive semi-definite, the choice ofρ = 2n+ $$\sqrt {2n} $$ yields a polynomial-time algorithm. This covers the convex quadratic minimization problem.
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  • 9
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 281-294 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear complementarity problem ; Lemke's algorithm ; matroid intersection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of finding a maximum-weight complementary basis of anm × 2m matrix. The problem arises naturally, for example, when a complementary set of columns is proposed as an initial basis for a “warm start” of Lemke's algorithm, but the set of columns is rank-deficient. We show that the problem is a special case of the problem of finding a maximum-weight common base of two matroids. Furthermore, we show how to efficiently implement an algorithm for the general problem in the present context. Finally, we give computational results demonstrating the practicality of our algorithm in a typical application.
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  • 10
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 295-305 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Interior-point method ; linear programming ; Karmarkar's method ; polynomial-time algorithm ; logarithmic barrier function ; path-following method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present a path-following algorithm for the linear programming problem with a surprisingly simple and elegant proof of its polynomial behaviour. This is done both for the problem in standard form and for its dual problem. We also discuss some implementation strategies.
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  • 11
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 335-351 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Adjacency ; convex game ; extreme point ; monotone path ; path length ; polymatroid ; submodular function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper establishes bounds on the length of certain strictly monotone paths, relative to a given linear objective function, on a polymatroid or on the base of a polymatroid. Specialized bounds are given for a strict polymatroid and for a matroid polyhedron. Bounds on the diameter are included.
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  • 12
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 307-333 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Value convergence ; reachability ; solution set convergence ; tie-breaking ; stopping rule ; infinite horizon optimization ; production planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of approximating an optimal solution to a separable, doubly infinite mathematical program (P) with lower staircase structure by solutions to the programs (P(N)) obtained by truncating after the firstN variables andN constraints of (P). Viewing the surplus vector variable associated with theNth constraint as a state, and assuming that all feasible states are eventually reachable from any feasible state, we show that the efficient set of all solutions optimal to all possible feasible surplus states for (P(N)) converges to the set of optimal solutions to (P). A tie-breaking algorithm which selects a nearest-point efficient solution for (P(N)) is shown (for convex programs) to converge to an optimal solution to (P). A stopping rule is provided for discovering a value ofN sufficiently large to guarantee any prespecified level of accuracy. The theory is illustrated by an application to production planning.
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  • 13
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 353-367 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the formulation of non-preemptive single machine scheduling problems using time-indexed variables. This approach leads to very large models, but gives better lower bounds than other mixed integer programming formulations. We derive a variety of valid inequalities, and show the role of constraint aggregation and the knapsack problem with generalised upper bound constraints as a way of generating such inequalities. A cutting plane/branch-and-bound algorithm based on these inequalities has been implemented. Computational experience on small problems with 20/30 jobs and various constraints and objective functions is presented.
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  • 14
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Quasiconvex function ; saddle point theorem ; duality ; Lagrangians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we show how saddle point theorems for a quasiconvex—quasiconcave function can be derived from duality theory. A symmetric duality framework that provides the machinery for deriving saddle point theorems is presented. Generating the theorems,via the framework, provides a deeper understanding of assumptions employed in existing theorems which do not utilize duality theory.
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  • 15
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear programming ; interior-point method ; projective algorithm ; combining phase I–phase II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Anstreicher has proposed a variant of Karmarkar's projective algorithm that handles standard-form linear programming problems nicely. We suggest modifications to his method that we suspect will lead to better search directions and a more useful algorithm. Much of the analysis depends on a two-constraint linear programming problem that is a relaxation of the scaled original problem.
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  • 16
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Chinese Postman problem ; integral LP duality ; integral packing ; plane integral multicommodity flows ; T-cuts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract LetG = (V, E) be a graph and letw be a weight functionw:E →Z +. Let $$T \subseteq V$$ be an even subset of the vertices ofG. AT-cut is an edge-cutset of the graph which dividesT into two odd sets. AT-join is a minimal subset of edges that meets everyT-cut (a generalization of solutions to the Chinese Postman problem). The main theorem of this paper gives a tight upper bound on the difference between the minimum weightT-join and the maximum weight integral packing ofT-cuts. This difference is called the (T-join) integral duality gap. Letτ w be the minimum weight of aT-join, and letv w be the maximum weight of an integral packing ofT-cuts. IfF is a non-empty minimum weightT-join, andn F is the number of components ofF, then we prove thatτ w —v w ≤n F −1. This result unifies and generalizes Fulkerson's result for |T|=2 and Seymour's result for |T|= 4. For a certain integral multicommodity flow problem in the plane, which was recently proved to be NP-complete, the above result gives a solution such that for every commodity the flow is less than the demand by at most one unit.
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  • 17
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 121-160 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Max-cut problem ; cone ; polytope ; facet ; lifting ; hypermetric inequality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study facets of the cut coneC n , i.e., the cone of dimension 1/2n(n − 1) generated by the cuts of the complete graph onn vertices. Actually, the study of the facets of the cut cone is equivalent in some sense to the study of the facets of the cut polytope. We present several operations on facets and, in particular, a “lifting” procedure for constructing facets ofC n+1 from given facets of the lower dimensional coneC n . After reviewing hypermetric valid inequalities, we describe the new class of cycle inequalities and prove the facet property for several subclasses. The new class of parachute facets is developed and other known facets and valid inequalities are presented.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 161-188 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Cone ; polytope ; facet ; antiweb ; cut ; hypermetric inequality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study new classes of facets for the cut coneC n generated by the cuts of the complete graph onn vertices. This cone can also be interpreted as the cone of all semi-metrics onn points that are isometricallyl 1-embeddable and, in fact, the study of the facets of the cut polytope is in some sense equivalent to the study of the facets ofC n . These new facets belong to the class of clique-web inequalities which generalize the hypermetric and cycle inequalities as well as the bicycle odd wheel inequalities.
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  • 19
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 223-232 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Convexity ; pseudoconvexity ; affine subspace ; potential function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Second order conditions for the (pseudo-) convexity of a function restricted to an affine subspace are obtained by extending those already known for functions on ℝ n . These results are then used to analyse the (pseudo-) convexity of potential functions of the type introduced by Karmarkar.
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  • 20
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 189-222 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: 65H10 ; 65K05 ; 65K10 ; Linearℓ 1 estimation ; linear programming ; interior-point algorithm ; simplex method ; least absolute value regression ; affine scaling method ; Karmarkar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, various interior point algorithms related to the Karmarkar algorithm have been developed for linear programming. In this paper, we first show how this “interior point” philosophy can be adapted to the linear ℓ1 problem (in which there are no feasibility constraints) to yield a globally and linearly convergent algorithm. We then show that the linear algorithm can be modified to provide aglobally and ultimatelyquadratically convergent algorithm. This modified algorithm appears to be significantly more efficient in practise than a more straightforward interior point approach via a linear programming formulation: we present numerical results to support this claim.
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  • 21
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Convex programming problems ; exact penalty functions ; ε-solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we presentε-optimality criteria for convex programming problems associated with exact penalty functions. Several authors have given various criteria under the assumption that such convex problems and the associated dual problems can be solved. We assume the solvability of neither the convex problem nor the dual problem. To derive our criteria, we estimate the size of the penalty parameter in terms of anε-solution for the dual problem.
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  • 22
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 245-284 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Combinatorial optimization ; integer programming ; Karmarkar's method
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    Notes: Abstract We describe a cutting plane algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. The primal projective standard-form variant of Karmarkar's algorithm for linear programming is applied to the duals of a sequence of linear programming relaxations of the combinatorial optimization problem.
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  • 23
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: 90C25 ; 65K05 ; Lagrange dualization ; existence theorems ; numerical aspects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note partially separable convex programs are dualized in such a way that, under certain assumptions, unconstrained concave duals arise. A return formula is given by which the solution of the primal is directly computed if a solution of the dual is known. Further, the solvability of both the primal and the dual is shown to depend essentially on the behaviour of the lower dimensional programs for determining the Fenchel conjugates.
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  • 24
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 321-335 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Network flow problems ; interior point method ; negative circuit method
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For solving minimum cost flow problems, we develop a combinatorial interior point method based on a variant of the algorithm of Karmarkar, described in Gonzaga [3, 4]. Gonzaga proposes search directions generated by projecting certain directions onto the nullspace ofA. By the special combinatorial structure of networks any projection onto the nullspace ofA can be interpreted as a flow in the incremental graph ofG. In particular, to evaluate the new search direction, it is sufficient to choose a negative circuit subject to costs on the arcs depending on the current solution. That approach results in an O(mn 2 L) algorithm wherem denotes the number of vertices,n denotes the number of arcs, andL denotes the total length of the input data.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear program ; affine-scaling ; ergodic convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The affine-scaling algorithm, first proposed by Dikin, is presently enjoying great popularity as a potentially effective means of solving linear programs. An outstanding question about this algorithm concerns its convergence in the presence of degeneracy. In this paper, we give new convergence results for this algorithm that do not require any non-degeneracy assumption on the problem. In particular, we show that if the stepsize choice of either Dikin or Barnes or Vanderbei, et al. is used, then the algorithm generates iterates that converge at least linearly with a convergence ratio of $$1 - \beta /\sqrt n $$ , wheren is the number of variables andβ ∈ (0,1] is a certain stepsize ratio. For one particular stepsize choice which is an extension of that of Barnes, we show that the cost of the limit point is within O(β/(1−β)) of the optimal cost and, forβ sufficiently small (roughly, proportional to how close the cost of the nonoptimal vertices are to the optimal cost), is exactly optimal. We prove the latter result by using an unusual proof technique, that of analyzing the ergodic convergence of the corresponding dual vectors. For the special case of network flow problems with integer data, we show that it suffices to takeβ = 1/(6mC), wherem is the number of constraints andC is the sum of the cost coefficients, to attain exact optimality.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 343-360 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Multiextremal optimization ; adaptive partition strategies ; necessary and sufficient convergence conditions ; examples
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Following the presentation of a general partition algorithm scheme for seeking the globally best solution in multiextremal optimization problems, necessary and sufficient convergence conditions are formulated, in terms of respectively implied or postulated properties of the partition operator. The convergence results obtained are pertinent to a number of deterministic algorithms in global optimization, permitting their diverse modifications and generalizations.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 361-364 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Affine scaling ; semi-infinite linear programming ; free variables
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    Notes: Abstract We consider an extension of the affine scaling algorithm for linear programming problems with free variables to problems having infinitely many constraints, and explore the relationship between this algorithm and the finite affine scaling method applied to a discretization of the problem.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 215-238 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Inductive inference ; Boolean function synthesis ; satisfiability ; artificial intelligence ; integer programming ; interior point method ; Riemannian geometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe an interior point mathematical programming approach to inductive inference. We list several versions of this problem and study in detail the formulation based on hidden Boolean logic. We consider the problem of identifying a hidden Boolean functionℱ:{0, 1} n → {0, 1} using outputs obtained by applying a limited number of random inputs to the hidden function. Given this input—output sample, we give a method to synthesize a Boolean function that describes the sample. We pose the Boolean Function Synthesis Problem as a particular type of Satisfiability Problem. The Satisfiability Problem is translated into an integer programming feasibility problem, that is solved with an interior point algorithm for integer programming. A similar integer programming implementation has been used in a previous study to solve randomly generated instances of the Satisfiability Problem. In this paper we introduce a new variant of this algorithm, where the Riemannian metric used for defining the search region is dynamically modified. Computational results on 8-, 16- and 32-input, 1-output functions are presented. Our implementation successfully identified the majority of hidden functions in the experiment.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 279-311 
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    Notes: Abstract We considerε-approximation schemes for indefinite quadratic programming. We argue that such an approximation can be found in polynomial time for fixedε andt, wheret denotes the number of negative eigenvalues of the quadratic term. Our algorithm is polynomial in 1/ε for fixedt, and exponential int for fixedε. We next look at the special case of knapsack problems, showing that a more efficient (polynomial int) approximation algorithm exists.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 239-257 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Complexity of algorithms ; convergence analysis ; interior point algorithms ; Newton's methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract We present a theoretical result on a path-following algorithm for convex programs. The algorithm employs a nonsmooth Newton subroutine. It starts from a near center of a restricted constraint set, performs a partial nonsmooth Newton step in each iteration, and converges to a point whose cost is withinε accuracy of the optimal cost in $$O(\sqrt m \left| {\ln \varepsilon } \right|)$$ iterations, wherem is the number of constraints in the problem. Unlike other interior point methods, the analyzed algorithm only requires a first-order Lipschitzian condition and a generalized Hessian similarity condition on the objective and constraint functions. Therefore, our result indicates the theoretical feasibility of applying interior point methods to certainC 1-optimization problems instead ofC 2-problems. Since the complexity bound is unchanged compared with similar algorithms forC 2-convex programming, the result shows that the smoothness of functions may not be a factor affecting the complexity of interior point methods.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 337-339 
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 325-335 
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    Keywords: Strict complementarity ; interior point algorithms ; linear programming ; optimal face
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown [8] that numerous interior-point algorithms for linear programming (LP) generate solution sequences that converge to strict complementarity solutions, or interior solutions on the optimal face. In this note we further establish a theoretical base for Gay's test (Gay, 1989) to identify the optimal face, and develop a new termination procedure to obtain an exact solution on the optimal face. We also report some numerical results for solving a set of LP test problems, each of which has a highly degenerate and unbounded optimal face.
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    Mathematical programming 57 (1992), S. 313-324 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the average case complexity of global optimization problems. By the average complexity, we roughly mean the amount of work needed to solve the problem with the expected error not exceeding a preassigned error demand. The expectation is taken with respect to a probability measure on a classF of objective functions. Since the distribution of the maximum, max x f (x), is known only for a few nontrivial probability measures, the average case complexity of optimization is still unknown. Although only preliminary results are available, they indicate that on the average, optimization is not as hard as in the worst case setting. In particular, there are instances, where global optimization is intractable in the worst case, whereas it is tractable on the average. We stress, that the power of the average case approach is proven by exhibiting upper bounds on the average complexity, since the actual complexity is not known even for relatively simple instances of global optimization problems. Thus, we do not know how much easier global optimization becomes when the average case approach is utilized.
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    Computing 47 (1992), S. 323-336 
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    Keywords: 26C10 ; 26C15 ; 65H05 ; Multiplicity ; Zero identification ; Global optimination
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir zeigen, daß man mit Hilfe gewisser Integrale die Anzahl der Nullstellen einer gegebenen Vielfachheit für eine Funktion einer Veränderlichen in einem beliebigen Intervall bestimmen kann. Das Vorgeben wird durch typische Beispiele erläutert.
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that certain simple integrals determine the number of zeros with a certain multiplicity of a function of one variable in an arbitrary interval. Several typical numerical examples are given.
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    Computing 47 (1992), S. 337-353 
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    Keywords: 65G10 ; 65F05 ; Interval iteration ; linear interval systems ; standard simplices
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Literatur werden eine Reihe effizienter Algorithmen beschrieben zur Berechnung garantierter Einschließungen der Lösung numerischer Standardprobleme [3,4,8,11,12,13]. Die Einschließungen werden in Form von Mengen gegeben. In [12, 13] wird diese Menge mit Hilfe einer affinen Transformation berechnet, die stoppt, wenn eine nichtleere kompakte Menge in sich selbst abgebildet wird. Für Punkteingabedaten wurde gezeigt, daß diese Iteration genau dann stoppt, wenn die Iterationsmatrix konvergent ist [13]. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden notwendige und hinreichende Stop-Bedingungen angegeben für Intervalleingabedaten und Intervalloperationen im reellen und im komplexen. Stoppen heißt hierbei, daß der Algorithmus aus [12] für Intervallgleichungssysteme eine Einschließung liefert. Ein Algorithmus von Neumaier wird diskutiert, und es wird ein Hybrid-Algorithmus vorgeschlagen, der die Vorteile Neumaiers und unseres Algorithmus kombiniert. Unter Benutzung einer Arbeit von Jansson [6, 7] wird eine interessante geometrische Interpretation von Einschließungsalgorithmen gegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Einschließungsalgorithmen in bestimmtem Sinne optimal sind. für eine andere Klasse von Mengen, für Standardsimplexe, geben wir einige interessante Beispiele.
    Notes: Abstract In the literature efficient algorithms have been described for calculating guaranteed inclusions for the solution of a number of standard numerical problems [3,4,8,11,12,13]. The inclusions are given by means of a set containing the solution. In [12,13] this set is calculated using an affine iteration which is stopped when a nonempty and compact set is mapped into itself. For exactly given input data (point data) it has been shown that this iteration stops if and only if the iteration matrix is convergent (cf. [13]). In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient stopping criterion for the above mentioned iteration for interval input data and interval operations. Stopping is equivalent to the fact that the algorithm presented in [12] for solving interval linear systems computes an inclusion of the solution. An algorithm given by Neumaier is discussed and an algorithm is proposed combining the advantages of our algorithm and a modification of Neumaier's. The combined algorithm yields tight bounds for input intervals of small and large diameter. Using a paper by Jansson [6,7] we give a quite different geometrical interpretation of inclusion methods. It can be shown that our inclusion methods are optimal in a specified geometrical sense. For another class of sets, for standard simplices, we give some interesting examples.
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 177-189 
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    Keywords: Primary 65D30 ; Secondary 44A15 ; Strongly singular integrals ; finite-part integrals ; numerical approximation ; quadrature
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns mit der numerischen Auswertung von singulären Integralen im Sinne von Hadamard mit Hilfe von einfachen Integrationsmethoden. Die entsprechenden Fehlerabschätzungen sowie Beispielrechnungen werden angegeben. Weiterhin wird die Optimalität der betrachteten Integrationsmethoden untersucht.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we deal with the numerical calculation of singular integrals in the sense of Hadamard by simple integration methods. Error estimates and numerical examples are given. The optimality of the quadrature rules will be examined.
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 203-212 
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    Keywords: 68U05 ; Euclidean shortest path ; polyhedral obstacles ; computation geometry
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird folgendes Problem untersucht: Gegeben sei eine Menge von einfachen Polyedern und zwei Punkte außerhalb dieser Polyeder; gesucht ist ein fast-optimaler Polygonzug der die beiden Punkte verbindet und dessen Durchschnitt mit allen Polyedern leer ist. Zur Lösung dieses Problems wird ein Algorithmus angegeben, durch den eine Menge von zulässigen Polygonzügen generiert werden kann. Ausgehend von dieser Menge wird mittels einer auf der ψ-Transformation basierenden Optimierungsprozedur ein fast-optimaler Polygonzug bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract The problem can be stated as follows: Given a set of simple polyhedra and two points belonging to the exterior domain of the given polyhedra, determine a near-optimal polygonal line connecting the two points so that the intersection of this polygonal line and the given polyhedra is an empty set. To solve this problem an algorithm is formed for generation of a set of admissible polygonal lines. On the basis of this set, using the optimisation procedure based on ψ-transform, a near-optimal polygonal line is determined.
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  • 38
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 319-336 
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    Keywords: Global optimization ; interval arithmetic ; inclusion function
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vorgestellt wird eine Methode zum Auffinden aller globalen Minimierer einer reellwertigen Zielfunktion mehrerer Veränderlicher. Dabei wird ein problemorientierter Zahlentyp verwendet: der Bereich der reellen kompakten Intervalle. Der Wertebereich der Zielfunktion über einem rechteckigen Gebiet wird durch natürliche Intervallerweiterung einer geeigneten Modellfunktion abgeschätzt. Es wird ein Algorithmus zur Interpolation und Approximation in mehrdimensionalen Räumen entwickelt. Diese Optimierungsmethode kann auf herkömmliche, das heißt mit reeller Arithmetik programmierte, Funktionen erfolgreich angewendet werden.
    Notes: Abstract A method for finding all global minimizers of a real-valued objective function of several variables is presented. For this purpose a problem-oriented type of number is used: the set of real compact intervals. The range of the objective function over a rectangular set is estimated by natural interval extension of a suitable modelling function. An algorithm for interpolation and approximation in multidimensional spaces is developed. This optimization method can be applied successfully to conventionally, e.g. with real arithmetic, programmed functions.
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 373-380 
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    Keywords: 65D05 ; 65N20 ; Blending function ; shape preserving interpolation ; Poisson equation
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung einer Anfangsnäherung für die Lösung eines Poisson-Problems wird eine Blending-Funktions-Technik mit einem eindimensionalen Interpolationsschema vorgeschlagen. Diese Näherung verbindet die exakte Wiedergabe der Randbedingungen mit der Interpolation irgendwoher bekannter Werte im Inneren. Bilineare Blending-Funktionen und ein gestalterhaltendes Interpolationsschema werden für numerische Testrechnungen verwendet.
    Notes: Abstract A blending function technique with a monovariate interpolating scheme is proposed to provide an initial approximation to the solution of the Poisson problem. Such an approximation combines the interpolatory properties of exact matching of boundary conditions with some interior values of the solution, somehow known. The bilinear blending functions and a shape-preserving interpolation scheme are used in the numerical tests.
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  • 40
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 11-23 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65M55 ; 65Y05 (primary) ; 65M60 (secondary) ; Domain decomposition ; parallel time stepping ; parabolic problems ; transputer system
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Implementierung von Lösungs-methoden für parabolische Probleme erfordert eine ausreichende Balance zwischen der parallelen Effizienz voll-expliziter Schemata und der Notwendigkeit von Stabilität und Genauigkeit, welche einen gewissen Grad an Implizitheit bedingt. Als ein Kompromiß wird ein Gebietszerlegungsverfahren vorgeschlagen, welches lokal implizit ist auf leicht überlappenden Teilgebieten, die lokalen Randdaten aber durch einen einfachen expliziten Prozeß fortpflanzt. Die Analyse dieses Algorithmus zeigt, daß er zufriedenstellende Stabilitäts- und Approximationseigenschaften besitzt und effektiv parallelisiert werden kann. Diese theoretischen Resultate werden bestätigt durch numerische Tests auf einem Transputer-System.
    Notes: Abstract In the parallel implementation of solution methods for parabolic problems one has to find a proper balance between the parallel efficiency of a fully explicit scheme and the need for stability and accuracy which requires some degree of implicitness. As a compromise a domain splitting scheme is proposed which is locally implicit on slightly overlapping subdomains but propagates the corresponding boundary data by a simple explicit process. The analysis of this algorithm shows that it has satisfactory stability and approximation properties and can be effectively parallelized. These theoretical results are confirmed by numerical tests on a transputer system.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 87-94 
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    Keywords: 65H10 ; 65G10 ; Nonlinear equations ; nondifferentiable operator ; quasi-Newton method ; convergence theorems
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Konvergenz gewisser Quasi-Newton-Verfahren zur Lösung von nichtlinearen GleichungenAx+g(x)=0 aufD⊄R n untersucht, wobeiA eine (n×n)-Matrix undg ein nichtdifferenzierbarer, aber Lip-schitz-stetiger Operator ist. Mittels intervallanalytischer Techniken wird ein neuer Konvergenzsatz für die Verfahren hergeleitet.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study the convergence of some quasi-Newton methods for solving nonlinear equationAx+g(x)=0 in a domainD⊄R n , whereA is ann×n matrix andg is a nondifferentiable but Lipschitz continuous operator. By interval analysis, we give a new convergence theorem of the methods.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 129-137 
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    Keywords: 41A15 ; 65D05 ; Interpolation ; bivariate splines ; flows
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir entwickeln hinreichende Bedingungen, die garantieren, daß eine Punktmenge eindeutige Lagrange-Interpolation mit quadratischen Splines auf einer Typ 2—Triangulierung erlaubt. Die Interpolationseigenschaft dieser Mengen wird gezeigt, indem ein bivariates Problem auf eine endliche Folge univariater Probleme reduziert wird.
    Notes: Abstract We give sufficient conditions which guarantee that a set of points admits unique Lagrange interpolation by quadratic splines on a four-directional mesh. The poisedness of these sets will be proved by reducing one bivariate problem to a finite sequence of univariate problems.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 151-158 
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    Keywords: 90B35 ; 90C27 ; Scheduling ; identical parallel machines ; set-up time ; heuristics ; worst-case analysis
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen ein preemptives Scheduling Problem mitm Maschinen undn Prozessen. Jedesmal wenn eine Maschine mit dem Abarbeiten eines neuen Prozesses beginnt, ist eine zusätzliche Set-up Zeit notwendig. Das Ziel ist es, ein Schedul zu finden, das alle Prozesse möglichst früh vollendet. Fürm≥2 Maschinen ist dieses Problem NP-vollständig. Für den Fall von prozeßabhängigen Set-up Zeiten haben Monma und Potts eine polynomiale Heuristik entwickelt, deren Worst Case Ratio gegen 5/3 geht, wenn die Anzahl der Maschinen gegen unendlich strebt. Wir untersuchen den Fall mit konstanten Set-up Zeiten. Wir konstruieren einen polynomialen Approximations Algorithmus mit Worst Case Ratio 7/6 fürm=2 und Worst Case Ratio 3/2–1/2m fürm≥3. Außerdem geben wir ein fully polynomial time approximation scheme für zwei Maschinen an.
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the problem of preemptively schedulingn jobs onm parallel machines. Whenever there is a switch from processing a job to processing another job on some machine, a set-up time is necessary. The objective is to find a schedule which minimizes the maximum completion time. Form≥2 machines, this problem obviously is NP-complete. For the case of job-dependent set-up times, Monma and Potts derived a polynomial time heuristic whose worst case ratio tends to 5/3 as the number of machines tends to infinity. In this paper, we examine the case of constant (job- and machine-independent) set-up times. We present a polynomial time approximation algorithm with worst case ratio 7/6 form=2 machines and worst case ratio at most 3/2–1/2m form≥3 machines. Moreover, for the casem=2 we construct a fully polynomial time approximation scheme.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 213-237 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 35Q35 ; 35R35 ; 76A05 ; Bingham fluids ; cool water slurries
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir betrachten die quasistationäre, laminare, achsensymmetrische Strömung vom Bingham-Typus unter der Annahme, daß die Fließspannung mit einer zur inneren Dissipationsleistung proportionalen Rate zunimmt. Ein derartiges Verhalten ist in Kohle-Wasser-Gemischen beobachtet worden. Viele unterschiedliche Fälle können auftreten (einschließlich des Auftretens einer starren Schale am Rand der Rohrleitung); sie werden sowohl theoretisch als auch numerisch analysiert.
    Notes: Abstract We consider a quasi steady laminar axisymmetric flow of Bingham type under the assumption that the yield stress increases at a rate proportional to the internal power dissipation. Such a behaviour has been observed in coal-water slurries. Many different cases can occur (including the appearance of a rigid shell at the boundary of the pipeline), which are analyzed both theoretically and numerically.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 303-314 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65L05 ; 65L07 ; Stability theory ; high-index DAEs ; parametric perturbations
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es ist bekannt, daß Algebrodifferentialgleichungen von höherem Index sehr empfindlich gegenüber Parameteränderungen sein können [1, p. 31]. Ebenso ist aus der Theorie der singulär gestörten Probleme bekannt, daß auch die Stabilitätseigenschaften bei derartigen Störungen sich ändern können. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir, daß beliebig kleine, glatte Störungen Instabilitäten dadurch verursachen können, daß die verallgemeinerten Eigenwerte des zugehörigen Matrizenbüschels beiz=∞ zu großen positiven Eigenwerte verfälscht werden. Das Problem wird dadurch umso instabiler je kleiner die Störung des Ausgangsproblems ist, ganz im Gegensatz zu der Situation bei expliziten DGLn. Auf diese Weise können einige Probleme von höherem Index als ein stabiler Grenzfall von benachbarten hoch instabilen Problemen, gewöhnlich von niedrigerem Index, angesehen werden.
    Notes: Abstract It is well-known that linear time-varying high-index DAEs can be very sensitive to parametric perturbations, [1, p. 31]. Stability is also affected, as is known from singular perturbation theory. In this note, we show that arbitrarily small and smooth perturbations can cause dramatic instabilities by introducing “small” perturbations of the matrix pencil's generalized eigenvalues atz=∞, leading to large positive finite eigenvalues. The smaller the perturbation, the larger is the instability of the perturbed problem, in contrast to the ODE case. Some high-index problems can thus be considered as marginally stable, with neighboring problems (usually of lower index) exhibiting severe instabilities.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 265-278 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65N30 ; 73E25 ; Key words ; Continuous casting ; strand mechanics
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ausbauchen der Strangschale von Brammen kann die Stahlqualität erheblich herabsetzen. Wir präsentieren ein numerisches Verfahren zur Berechnung der Deformationen und der Spannungen in einer Bramme unter Verwendung einer gemischten Eulersch-Lagrangeschen Beschreibungsweise. Wegen der extremen Nichtlinearität des Werkstoffgesetzes sind Einbettungstechniken erforderlich, um Konvergenz zu erzielen.
    Notes: Abstract Bulging of continuously cast slabs can reduce the steel quality quite heavily. We present a numerical method for the calculation of the deformations and the stresses in a slab using a formulation of the governing equations in mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian coordinates. Due to the extreme nonlinearity of the material law, imbedding techniques are necessary to achieve convergence.
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 275-289 
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    Keywords: 65D07 ; 53A04 ; Computer aided geometric design ; nonuniform rational B-spline curve ; B-spline curve ; Bézier curve ; envelope ; uniqueness
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine nicht gleichförmige rationale B-Spline-Kurve kann durch die Einhüllende einer Gruppe von rationalen B-Spline-Kurven niederer Ordnung erzeugt werden, und diese Einhüllende ist eindeutig. Auf diese Weise kann eine rationale B-Spline-Kurve direkt geometrisch definiert werden.
    Notes: Abstract Nonuniform rational B-spline curves may be recursively generated by the envelope of a family of low order rational B-spline curves, and this envelope is unique. Thus rational B-spline curves can be directly defined in a geometric way.
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  • 48
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 303-317 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65K05 ; 65K10 ; Unconstrained optimization ; trust region ; curvilinear path ; nonmonotone ; convergence
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein allgemeines nichtmonotones Konfidenzbereichs-Verfahren mit krummlinigem Pfad für die unrestringierte Optimierung vorgeschlagen. Obwohl bei diesem Verfahren die Folge der Werte der Objecktfunktion nicht monoton zu sein braucht, werden Konvergenzeigenschaften bewiesen, die denen der gängigen Verfahren dieser Art entsprechen. An Hand einiger numerischer Beispiele wird die Über-legenheit des nichtmonotonen Verfahrens bezüglich der Zahl der Gradienten- und der Funktions-auswertungen gezeigt.
    Notes: Abstract A general nonmonotone trust region method with curvilinear path for unconstrained optimization problem is presented. Although this method allows the sequence of the objective function values to be nonmonotone, convergence properties similar to those for the usual trust region methods with curvilinear path are proved under certain conditions. Some numerical results are reported which show the superiority of the nonmonotone trust region method with respect to the numbers of gradient evaluations and function evaluations.
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  • 49
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    Computing 48 (1992), S. 381-385 
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    Keywords: 65J ; Projections ; Convex sets
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung des Durchschnitts von endlich vielen abgeschlossenen Ronversen Mengen in einem Hilbertraum wird ein nichtlinearer Algorithmus vom SOR-Typ vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract A nonlinear SOR-type algorithm is established to find the intersection of a finite number of closed convex sets in a Hilbert space.
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  • 50
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 25-44 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 35J25 ; 35J65 ; 65N15 ; 65G10 ; Elliptic boundary value problem ; nonlinear boundary value problem ; numerical existence proof ; explicit bounds ; enclosure
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gegeben sei ein elliptisches Randwertproblem der Form −ΔU+F(x, U, U x )=0 auf Ω,B[U]=0 auf ϖΩ, mit einer NichtlinearitätF, die einer quadratischen Wachstumsbedingung bezüglich des GradientenU x genügt, und mit einem linearen RandoperatorB von gemischtem Typ. Es wird eine numerische Methode vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe sich die Existenz einer Lösung innerhalb einer “kleinen”H 1,4(Ω)-Umgebung einer Näherungslösung ω∈H 2(Ω), die die Randbedingung erfüllt, nachweisen läßt, sofern die Defektnorm ∥−Δω +F(·, ω, ω x )∥2 hinreichend klein ist und ferner die Linearisierung des gegebenen Problems in ω auf einen invertierbaren OperatorL führt. Die wesentlichen Hilfsmittel sind explizite Sobolevsche Einbettungen und Eigenwertschranken fürL oderL*L. Jegliche Monotonie- und Inverspositivitätsbedingungen werden vermieden.
    Notes: Abstract For elliptic boundary value problems of the form −ΔU+F(x, U, U x )=0 on Ω,B[U]=0 on ϖΩ, with a nonlinearityF growing at most quadratically with respect to the gradientU x and with a mixed-type linear boundary opeatorB, a numerical method is presented which can be used to prove the existence of a solution within a “close”H 1,4(Ω)-neighborhood of some approximate solution ω∈H 2(Ω) satisfying the boundary condition, provided that the defect-norm ∥−Δω +F(·, ω, ω x )∥2 is sufficiently small and, moreover, the linearization of the given problem at ω leads to an invertible operatorL. The main tools are explicit Sobolev imbeddings and eigenvalue bounds forL or forL*L. All kinds of monotonicity or inverse-positivity assumptions are avoided.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 34A05 ; Differential equations ; hypergeometric equations ; special functions ; symbolic computation
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um ihre Lösungen durch spezielle Funktionen auszudrücken, wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, womit man unter Benutzung von Faktorisierungstechniken entscheiden kann, ob eine lineare Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung mit polynomialen Koeffizienten durch eine rationale Variablentransformation auf die hypergeometrische oder die konfluente hypergeometrische Gleichung gebracht werden kann. Im ersten Fall muß für den Zählergrad des Bruchs, der die Variablentransformation bestimmt, eine obere Schranke vorgegeben werden.
    Notes: Abstract So as to explore the possibilities of representing its solutions in terms of special functions, and using factorization techniques, a process is defined to decide whether a second order linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients can be brought to the hypergeometric or the confluent hypergeometric equation by a rational change of variable. In the first case, an upper bound has to be provided for the degree of the numerator of the rational function which defines the change of variable.
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. i 
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    Computing 49 (1992), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D15 ; 90C25 ; 90C50 ; Key words ; Polynomial approximation ; semi-inifinte programming ; cutting plane method
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lastdauerlinien spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Planungspraxis der elektrischen Energiesysteme. In der Arbeit betrachten wir das Problem der Approximation einer Lastdauerlinie durch ein Polynom unter Monotonie und einigen anderen Nebendedingungen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Verfahren der semi-infiniten Programmierung zur Lösung dieses Problems anwendbar sind. Eine konvergente innere-äußere Methode und ein endlicher ε-optimaler Algorithmus werden vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract Load duration curves play an important role in the planning practice of electric power systems. In the paper, we consider the problem of approximating a load duration curve by a polynomial under monotonicity and some other constraints. We show that semi-infinite programming techniques can be applied for solving this problem. A convergent inner-outer method and a finite ε-optimal algorithm is proposed.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 3-17 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Causality ; Control theory ; Purpose ; Underdetermination of theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In a recent book, ‘Machines with a Purpose’, many of the unattractive features of our technology were traced to a view of the world which has predominated in science for nearly four hundred years. This is, that nature, and everything that it contains, operates causally and without purpose. To counter this view, an alternative, purposive view was developed. The paper gives a simple account of this development, of other related work, and of the underlying motivation.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 50-61 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Computational metaphor ; Environmentalism ; Ecological ; Phenomenology ; Intersubjective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The Computational Metaphor is an extremely influential notion, and more than any other trend has given rise to the field of Cognitive Science. Environmentalism is at present better formalised as a political movement than as a scientific paradigm, despite significant research by Gibson and his followers. This article attempts to address the difficult problem of synthesising these two apparently antagonistic research paradigms.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 166-180 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Attention focusing ; Instructible systems ; Intentional stance ; Machine learning ; Programming by example ; Teaching metaphor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that “human-centredness” will be an important characteristic of systems that learn tasks from human users, as the difficulties in inductive inference rule out learning without human assistance. The aim of “programming by example” is to create systems that learn how to perform tasks from their human users by being shown examples of what is to be done. Just as the user creates a learning environment for the system, so the system provides a teaching opportunity for the user, and emphasis is placed as much on facilitating successful teaching as on incorporating techniques of machine learning. If systems can “learn” repetitive tasks, their users will have the power to decide for themselves which parts of their jobs should be automated, and teach the system how to do them — reducing their dependence on intermediaries such as system designers and programmers. This paper presents principles for programming by example derived from experience in creating four prototype learners: for technical drawing, text editing, office tasks, and robot assembly. A teaching metaphor (a) enables the user to demonstrate a task by performing it manually, (b) helps to explain the learner's limited capabilities in terms of a persona, and (c) allows users to attribute intentionality. Tasks are represented procedurally, and augmented with constraints. Suitable mechanisms for attention focusing are necessary in order to control inductive search. Hidden features of a task should be made explicit so that the learner need not embark on the huge search entailed by hypothesizing missing steps.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 195-196 
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 197-220 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; Culture of the artificial ; Epistemology ; Sophism ; Common sense psychology ; Social acceptability ; Postmodernism ; Aesthetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The expression, ‘the culture of the artificial’ results from the confusion between nature and culture, when nature mingles with culture to produce the ‘artificial’ and science becomes ‘the science of the artificial’. Artificial intelligence can thus be defined as the ultimate expression of the crisis affecting the very foundation of the system of legitimacy in Western society, i.e. Reason, and more precisely, Scientific Reason. The discussion focuses on the emergence of the culture of the artificial and the radical forms of pragmatism, sophism and marketing from a French philosophical perspective. The paper suggests that in the postmodern age of the ‘the crisis of the systems of legitimacy’, the question of social acceptability of any action, especially actions arising out of the application of AI, cannot be avoided.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 303-304 
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    Keywords: Expert systems ; Technology transfer ; Institutionalization ; International issues
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    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Expert systems are being developed in a multitude of domains worldwide. The usage of expert systems within organizations is growing; however, many expert systems projects still fail due to poor ‘institutionalization’ practices. This paper addresses various strategies for providing the transfer of expert systems technology within organizations. Specifically, this paper will address expert system technology transfer strategies using examples from United States and Mexican organizations.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 345-366 
    ISSN: 1435-5655
    Keywords: AI applications ; Database querying ; Decision support ; Human-centredness ; Knowledge-based systems ; Subjectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The requirement for anthropocentric, or human-centred decision support is outlined, and the IDIOMS management information tool, which implements several human-centred principles, is described. IDIOMS provides a flexible decision support environment in which applications can be modelled using both ‘objective’ database information, and user-centred ‘subjective’ and contextual information. The system has been tested on several real applications, demonstrating its power and flexibility.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 367-373 
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    Keywords: Intelligence ; Knowledge retrieval ; Inference ; Knowledge discovery ; Machine learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The current understanding of the important role of information or knowledge retrieval to artificial intelligence is not adequate. In this article, three study areas related to retrieval are summarized and commented. The need for a more systematic and unified way of studying retrieval and intelligence is argued. A brief outline for future study is suggested, some philosophical and social implications of this study are also discussed.
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    AI & society 6 (1992), S. 390-397 
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 31-49 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Data base management systems for nonstandard applications (nonstandard data base systems, NDBS), in particular for engineering applications, nowadays constitute one of the most important challenges in the area of data base research. Some major obstacles are concerned with problems of modeling and processing complex engineering objects. Some new system architectures have been proposed, and appropriate concepts for handling the new types of application objects have been developed over the past few years. Based on PRIMA, an NDBS-kernel prototype implementation, we motivate a workstation-oriented architecture for NDBS application systems. We explain a prototypical application system in the environment of VLSI-chip design, which serves as a practical examples in handling complex objects. Analyzing the weaknesses of this initial approach, we derive general concepts for application linkage, discussing, in particular, key issues for an efficient object processing and language binding.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 1-12 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Automatic meshing algorithms for finite element analysis are based on a computer understanding of the geometry of the part to be discretized. Current mesh generators understand the part as either a boundary representation, an octree, or a point set. A higher-level understanding of the part can be achieved by associating engineering significance and engineering data, such as loading and boundary conditions, with generic shapes in the part. This technique, called feature-based modeling, is a popular approach to integrating computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing through the use of machinable shapes in the CAD model. It would seem that feature-based design also could aid in the finite element mesh generation process by making engineering information explicit in the model. This paper describes an approach to feature-based mesh generation. The feature representation of a fully functioning feature-based system that does automatic process planning and inspection was extended to include finite element mesh generation. This approach is based on a single feature representation that can be used for design, finite element analysis, process planning, and inspection of prismatic parts. The paper describes several advantages that features provide to the meshing process, such as improved point sets and a convenient method of simplifying the geometry of the model. Also discussed are possible extensions to features to enhance the finite element meshing process.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 93-100 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A system developed earlier for reinforced concrete halls layout is studied and justified from different aspects. Also, updates of both capabilities and limitations, which were recently incorporated in the system, are emphasized. Some of the original aspects of the system were reviewed and modified, to overcome some of the drawbacks in the earlier presentation. The system's organization remains almost the same. Some suggestions for further improvements to the system are presented as well. Finally the function of the system is illustrated by a sample run of the system.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 101-119 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Applying sweep operations on 2-D closed contours is a well known method for modelling 3-D solid objects. This paper deals with the implementation of a solid modeler with sweep as the basic representational scheme. In the modeler, a solid is defined by sweeping a planar polygon along a linear or curved trajectory. A sculptured solid may also be defined by using a beta-spline curve for the sweep polygon and a cubic B-spline curve for the sweep trajectory. By incorporating Boolean operations, a hybrid sweep-CSG solid modeler is implemented. The current implementation allows translational, rotational, and twisted sweep operations on a planar polygon composited of lines and arcs. In addition, a solid primitive can also be created by sweeping a planar closed beta-spline curve along a cubic B-spline curve.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 121-137 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present an algorithm for the generation of coarse and fine finite element (FE) meshes on multiply connected surfaces, based on the medial axis transform (MAT). The MAT is employed to automatically decompose a complex shape into topologically simple subdomains, and to extract important shape characteristics and their length scales. Using this technique, we can create a coarse subdivision of a complex surface and select local element size to generate fine triangular meshes within those subregions in an automated manner. Therefore, this approach can lead to integration of fully automatic FE mesh generation functionality into FE preprocessing systems.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 139-149 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Effective product design that satisfies functional requirements and can be manufactured easily requires vast amounts of knowledge on the part of the design engineer. This paper focuses on the complementary roles of expert systems and database management systems as they relate to the Intelligent Design System (IDS) in a Design for Manufacture (DFM) environment. Each technology complements the other in its strengths and abilities. The database management system provides during the design process. The expert system provides a reasoning mechanism for identifying manufacturing violations and generating meaningful recommendations. These components work cooperatively with a CAD interface to form a unified, intelligent design environment. An information flow analysis of the Intelligent Design System resulted in the development of three distinct classifications of information within the database: CAD data, a design catalog, and a knowledge base. The CAD data tables employ an, object oriented approach to store specific information about the physical contains cost, weight, and strength characteristics of the standard parts and fasteners used within the system. The knowledge base contains rules and heuristics concerning design and manufacturing methodologies. The placement of the expert system rules in the database represents an innovation. As a result, the expansion and updating of the materials, fasteners, standard parts, or manufacturing processes used by the Intelligent Design System is facilitated without increased due to the efficient management of the knowledge base by the database management system. This allows the designer to modify the knowledge and help the system to learn without the need for a knowledge engineer.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 197-211 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent research in design theory has sought to formalize the engineering design process without particular concern for the paradigm used to model design information. The authors propose that no correct formalization of the design process can be achieved without first formalizing the semantics of the information used in the process. To this end, the authors present a new formal theory of design information. The theory, called the hybrid model (HM), is an extended form of axiomatic set theory, and relies on it for consistency and logical rigor. The theory is stated as a collection of axioms, using a standard logic notation. Design entities are modeled by formal units calledobjects. Generalized functions and relations are used to formalize important ordering schemes and abstraction mechanisms relevant to design, including classification by structure and by function, aggregation, specialization, and generalization. The hybrid model is meant not only to aid in the study of the design process itself, but also to improve communications between designers, assist standardization of design specifications, and develop new, powerful software tools to aid the designer in his work.
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 213-232 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the various novel functionalities of a transaction management system for collaborative engineering applications. These features include grouped and shared transactions, dynamic database partitioning, communicative locking, dependency maintenance, update notification schemes, and version management of data configurations. It also establishes protocols for data consistency maintenance on the basis of application semantics and encapsulation of nonserializable data sharing in local databases rather than by the notion of global database consistency. Finally, it presents strategies for implementing these features using a commercial object oriented database management system (OODBMS) environment (ONTOS).
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    Engineering with computers 8 (1992), S. 243-252 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Materials properties information systems are poorly understood. Many databases of materials properties and designations have been produced but, except in the most modest of cases, they have been less successful than their creators had hoped Knowledge based systems (KBS) are subject to exactly the same problems as data based materials information systems and it is important to realize what these are before the special character of KBSs can be used to alleviate them. This paper surveys the unusual and difficult aspects of engineering materials information that must be handled by any organizing methodology, whether manual or computerized, data based or knowledge based, handling information which is stored or inferred.
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    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 127-146 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Primary 05C05 ; Secondary 60F15 ; Minimal matchings ; subadditive processes ; complete convergence ; large deviations ; asymptotic methods ; relaxation methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A linear programming relaxation of the minimal matching problem is studied for graphs with edge weights determined by the distances between points in a Euclidean space. The relaxed problem has a simple geometric interpretation that suggests the name minimal semi-matching. The main result is the determination of the asymptotic behavior of the length of the minimal semi-matching. It is analogous to the theorem of Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley (1959) on the asymptotic behavior of the traveling salesman problem. Associated results on the length of non-random Euclidean semi-matchings and large deviation inequalities for random semi-matchings are also given.
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    Mathematical programming 53 (1992), S. 323-338 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Random search ; Monte Carlo optimization ; global optimization ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Pure adaptive seach iteratively constructs a sequence of interior points uniformly distributed within the corresponding sequence of nested improving regions of the feasible space. That is, at any iteration, the next point in the sequence is uniformly distributed over the region of feasible space containing all points that are strictly superior in value to the previous points in the sequence. The complexity of this algorithm is measured by the expected number of iterations required to achieve a given accuracy of solution. We show that for global mathematical programs satisfying the Lipschitz condition, its complexity increases at mostlinearly in the dimension of the problem.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 1-39 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Network flow ; scaling ; polynomial algorithm ; computation
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A variation on the Edmonds-Karp scaling approach to the minimum cost network flow problem is examined. This algorithm, which scales costs rather than right-hand sides, also runs in polynomial time. Large-scale computational experiments indicate that the computational behavior of such scaling algorithms may be much better than had been presumed. Within several distributions of square, dense, capacitated transportation problems, a cost scaling code, SCALE, exhibits linear growth in average execution time with the number of edges, while two network simplex codes, RNET and GNET, exhibit greater than linear growth. Our experiments reveal that median and mean execution times are predictable with surprising accuracy for all of the three codes and all three distributions from which test problems were generated. Moreover, for fixed problem size, individual execution times appear to behave as though they are approximately lognormally distributed with constant variance. The experiments also reveal sensitivity of the parameters in the models, and in the models themselves, to variations in the distribution of problems. This argues for caution in the interpretation of such computational studies beyond the realm in which the computations were performed.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 57-67 
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    Keywords: Matchings ; stability ; extreme points ; polytope
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to extend a modified version of a recent result of Vande Vate (1989) which characterizes stable matchings as the extreme points of a certain polytope. Our proofs are simpler and more transparent than those of Vande Vate.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 69-86 
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    Notes: Abstract LetA 1,⋯,A n be distinctk-dimensional vectors. We consider the problem of partitioning these vectors intom sets so as to maximize an objective which is a quasi-convex function of the sum of vectors in each set. We show that there exists an optimal partition whose sets have (pairwise) disjoint conic hulls. We also show that if the number of vectors in each of the sets is constrained, then a weaker conclusion holds, namely, there exists an optimal partition whose sets have (pairwise) disjoint convex hulls. The results rely on deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be an extreme point of a corresponding polytope.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 121-121 
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 41-56 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Minimum cycle mean ; minimum mean cycle ; assignment problem ; bipartite matching ; shortest path problem ; scaling
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we suggest new scaling algorithms for the assignment and minimum mean cycle problems. Our assignment algorithm is based on applying scaling to a hybrid version of the recentauction algorithm of Bertsekas and the successive shortest path algorithm. The algorithm proceeds by relaxing the optimality conditions, and the amount of relaxation is successively reduced to zero. On a network with 2n nodes,m arcs, and integer arc costs bounded byC, the algorithm runs in O( $$\sqrt n $$ m log(nC)) time and uses very simple data structures. This time bound is comparable to the time taken by Gabow and Tarjan's scaling algorithm, and is better than all other time bounds under thesimilarity assumption, i.e.,C = O(n k ) for somek. We next consider the minimum mean cycle problem. Themean cost of a cycle is defined as the cost of the cycle divided by the number of arcs it contains. Theminimum mean cycle problem is to identify a cycle whose mean cost is minimum. We show that by using ideas of the assignment algorithm in an approximate binary search procedure, the minimum mean cycle problem can also be solved in O( $$\sqrt n $$ m lognC) time. Under the similarity assumption, this is the best available time bound to solve the minimum mean cycle problem.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 123-123 
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 87-113 
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    Keywords: Capacity programming problem ; semi-finite programming ; normal programming ; subdifferential
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the infinite dimensional linear programming problems in the integration type. The variable is taken in the space of bounded regular Borel measures on compact Hausdorff spaces. It will find an optimal measure for a constrained optimization problem, namely a capacity problem. Relations between extremal points of the feasible region and optimal solutions of the optimization problem are investigated. The necessary/sufficient conditions for a measure to be optimal are established. The algorithm for optimal solution of the general capacity problem onX = Y = [0, 1] is formulated.
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    Mathematical programming 54 (1992), S. 125-126 
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 35-47 
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    Keywords: Perfect matrices ; balanced matrices
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we define wheel matrices and characterize some properties of matrices that are perfect but not balanced. A consequence of our results is that if a matrixA is perfect then we can construct a polynomial number of submatricesA I,⋯,A n ofA such thatA is balanced if and only if all the submatricesA 1,⋯,A n ofA are perfect. This implies that if the problem of testing perfection is polynomially solvable, then so is the problem of testing balancedness.
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 17-33 
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    Keywords: Parallel computing ; traveling salesman problem ; branch and bound
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    Notes: Abstract A parallel branch and bound algorithm that solves the asymmetric traveling salesman problem to optimality is described. The algorithm uses an assignment problem based lower bounding technique, subtour elimination branching rules, and a subtour patching algorithm as an upper bounding procedure. The algorithm is organized around a data flow framework for parallel branch and bound. The algorithm begins by converting the cost matrix to a sparser version in such a fashion as to retain the optimality of the final solution. Computational results are presented for three different classes of problem instances: (1) matrix elements drawn from a uniform distribution of integers for instances of size 250 to 10 000 cities, (2) instances of size 250 to 1000 cities that concentrate small elements in the upper left portion of the cost matrix, and (3) instances of size 300 to 3000 cities that are designed to confound neighborhood search heuristics.
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 49-68 
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    Keywords: Recursive quadratic programming ; exact penalty functions ; nonlinear programming ; constrained optimization
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose a recursive quadratic programming algorithm for nonlinear programming problems with inequality constraints that uses as merit function a differentiable exact penalty function. The algorithm incorporates an automatic adjustment rule for the selection of the penalty parameter and makes use of an Armijo-type line search procedure that avoids the need to evaluate second order derivatives of the problem functions. We prove that the algorithm possesses global and superlinear convergence properties. Numerical results are reported.
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 125-128 
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 69-80 
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    Keywords: Upper bounds ; stochastic programming with recourse ; semi-infinite programming ; moment problem
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce an upper bound on the expectation of a special class of sublinear functions of multivariate random variables defined over the entire Euclidean space without an independence assumption. The bound can be evaluated easily requiring only the solution of systems of linear equations thus permitting implementations in high-dimensional space. Only knowledge on the underlying distribution means and second moments is necessary. We discuss pertinent techniques on dominating general sublinear functions by using simpler sublinear and polyhedral functions and second order quadratic functions.
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 99-108 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Convex programming ; nonlinear programming ; quadratic programming ; separable programming ; singly constrained quadratic program
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    Notes: Abstract We introduce a new algorithm for the continuous bounded quadratic knapsack problem. This algorithm is motivated by the geometry of the problem, is based on the iterative solution of a series of simple projection problems, and is easy to understand and implement. In practice, the method compares favorably to other well-known algorithms (some of which have superior worst-case complexity) on problem sizes up ton = 4000.
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  • 89
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 109-124 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Constrained optimization ; trust-region algorithms ; CDT problem ; univariate nonlinear equation ; Newton's method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract We study an approach for minimizing a convex quadratic function subject to two quadratic constraints. This problem stems from computing a trust-region step for an SQP algorithm proposed by Celis, Dennis and Tapia (1985) for equality constrained optimization. Our approach is to reformulate the problem into a univariate nonlinear equationφ(μ)=0 where the functionφ(μ) is continuous, at least piecewise differentiable and monotone. Well-established methods then can be readily applied. We also consider an extension of our approach to a class of non-convex quadratic functions and show that our approach is applicable to reduced Hessian SQP algorithms. Numerical results are presented indicating that our algorithm is reliable, robust and has the potential to be used as a building block to construct trust-region algorithms for small-sized problems in constrained optimization.
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  • 90
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 169-181 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Probabilistic analysis ; generalised assignment
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    Notes: Abstract We analyse thegeneralised assignment problem under the assumption that all coefficients are drawn uniformly and independently from [0, 1]. We show that such problems can be solved exactly with high probability, in a well-defined sense. The results are closely related to earlier work of Lueker, Goldberg and Marchetti-Spaccamela and ourselves.
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  • 91
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 129-168 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Polyhedral combinatorics ; integrality of polytopes ; decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Claude Berge defines a (0, 1) matrix A to be linear ifA does not contain a 2 × 2 submatrix of all ones.A(0, 1) matrixA is balanced ifA does not contain a square submatrix of odd order with two ones per row and column. The contraction of a rowi of a matrix consists of the removal of rowi and all the columns that have a 1 in the entry corresponding to rowi. In this paper we show that if a linear balanced matrixA does not belong to a subclass of totally unimodular matrices, thenA orA T contains a rowi such that the submatrix obtained by contracting rowi has a block-diagonal structure.
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  • 92
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 193-212 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Sensitivity analysis ; generalized equations ; contingent derivatives ; B-derivatives ; implicit function theorems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Results pertaining to Lipschitzian and directional differentiability properties for solutions to generalized equations under very general perturbations are obtained with the aid of new differentiation concepts for multivalued maps.
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  • 93
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 373-373 
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  • 94
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    Mathematical programming 55 (1992), S. 339-358 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a cutting plane algorithm for the (NP-hard) windy postman problem. This algorithm can also be applied to the mixed, directed, and undirected postman problems. It is based on a partial linear description of the windy postman polyhedron and on the simplex method. The partial linear description (together with cutting plane recognition strategies) provides new cutting planes and hence generates better and better linear programming relaxations of the windy postman polyhedron, and the simplex method solves these linear programs. We have investigated the performance of our algorithm with several test problems defined on graphs of up to 264 nodes. For most of these problems, we obtained optimal solutions in reasonable computation times.
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  • 95
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 31-43 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear complementarity problem ; polynomial time method ; path following method ; potential reduction method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a new polynomial time method for a linear complementarity problem with a positive semi-definite matrix. The method follows a sequence of points. If we generate the sequence on a path, we can construct a path following method, and if we generate the sequence based on a potential function, we can construct a potential reduction method. The method has the advantage that it requires at most $$O(\sqrt n L)$$ iterations for any initial feasible point whose components lie between 2−O(L) and 2O(L).
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  • 96
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Bilinear ; duality ; linear programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the maximization of a bilinear function over two independent polytopes. The maximization problem is converted into a max—min problem, using duality. This problem is then solved via a sequence of dual linear programmes, whose constraint vectors are successively determined bytth order optima of a master linear programme.
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  • 97
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Implicit complementarity problems ; quasi-variational inequalities ; parametric solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the solution behavior for a special class of quasi-variational inequalities, namely implicit complementarity problems. We derive conditions under which the perturbed solution of a parametric implicit complementarity problem is locally unique, continuous and Fréchet differentiable.
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  • 98
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 51-64 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Non-convex quadratic programming problem ; global optimization ; parametric simplex algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for solving a linear multiplicative programming problem (referred to as LMP) is proposed. LMP minimizes the product of two linear functions subject to general linear constraints. The product of two linear functions is a typical non-convex function, so that it can have multiple local minima. It is shown, however, that LMP can be solved efficiently by the combination of the parametric simplex method and any standard convex minimization procedure. The computational results indicate that the amount of computation is not much different from that of solving linear programs of the same size. In addition, the method proposed for LMP can be extended to a convex multiplicative programming problem (CMP), which minimizes the product of two convex functions under convex constraints.
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  • 99
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 91-119 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Stability ; stochastic approach ; multiobjective programming ; stochastic programming ; chance constraints
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we assume that a deterministic multiobjective programming problem is approximated by surrogate problems based on estimations for the objective functions and the constraints. Making use of a large deviations approach, we investigate the behaviour of the constraint sets, the sets of efficient points and the solution sets if the size of the underlying sample tends to infinity. The results are illustrated by applying them to stochastic programming with chance constraints, where (i) the distribution function of the random variable is estimated by the empirical distribution function, (ii) certain parameters have to be estimated.
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    Mathematical programming 56 (1992), S. 285-300 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nonconvex quadratic programming ; affine-scaling algorithm ; interior algorithms ; NP-hard problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the use of interior algorithms, especially the affine-scaling algorithm, to solve nonconvex — indefinite or negative definite — quadratic programming (QP) problems. Although the nonconvex QP with a polytope constraint is a “hard” problem, we show that the problem with an ellipsoidal constraint is “easy”. When the “hard” QP is solved by successively solving the “easy” QP, the sequence of points monotonically converge to a feasible point satisfying both the first and the second order optimality conditions.
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