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  • Coleoptera  (63)
  • Springer  (63)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (63)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1989  (39)
  • 1986  (24)
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Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (63)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (63)
  • 1980-1984
Jahr
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Ceutorhynchus constrictus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Ceutorhynchinae ; Alliaria petiolata ; garlic mustard ; Brassicaceae ; Cruciferae ; glucosinolates ; sinigrin ; host plant selection ; monophagous ; feeding stimulants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Ceutorhynchus constrictus Marsh. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Ceutorhynchinae) ist ein monophager Rüsselkäfer, der an Knoblauchhederich frisst. Das Wirtswahl-Verhalten dieses Käfers ist im Labor untersucht worden. Die meisten Crucifiren waren im Wahlversuche nicht akzeptiert, wenn Knoblauchhederich als Vergleichspflanze vorhanden war. Von Brassica nigra, Sinapis alba, und Thlaspi arvense wurden im Vergleich gleiche Mengen verzehrt wie von der Wirtspflanze. Blühende Descurainia sophia Pflanzen wurden, im Gegensatz zu Jungpflanzen der gleichen Art, angenommen. Die wichtichsten Phagostimulanten in Extrakten von Knoblauchhederich-Blättern waren ungeladene, wasserlösliche Substanzen. Das häufigste Glukosinolat im Knoblauchhederich, Sinigrin, war auch ein Phagostimulant. Doch war die phagostimulierende Wirkung von Sinigrin nur in Kombinationen mit noch nicht identifizierten, ungeladenen Substanzen aus Knoblauchhederich-Blätter nachweisbar. Wirtspfanzen-Beziehungen von monophagen Insekten werden diskutiert im Zusammenhang mit der Eigenart des Glukosinolat-Inhaltes ihrer Wirtspflanzen.
    Notizen: Abstract Host plant relations of the monophagous weevil Ceutorhynchus constrictus Marsh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) feeding on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Cruciferae) were studied in the laboratory. Most other crucifers were rejected in choice tests using garlic mustard as a reference plant, but Brassica nigra, Sinapis alba and Thlaspi arvense were as acceptable as the host plant. Flowering plants of Descurainia sophia were acceptable while young plants of this species were not. The most important feeding stimulants in extracts of garlic mustard were uncharged, water soluble compounds. The most abundant glucosinolate in garlic mustard, sinigrin, was a feeding stimulant, too. However, the feeding stimulatory activity of sinigrin was only expressed in the presence of still unidentified uncharged compounds from garlic mustard leaves. Host plant relations in monophagous crucifer-feeding insects is discussed in relation to the distinctness of glucosinolate patterns found in their host plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 139-141 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Heteroceridae ; egg guarding ; parental care ; predation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 841-847 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): cost of mating ; semelparous ; Photinus collustrans ; Coleoptera ; Lampyridae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregation pheromone ; sitophilate ; 1-ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate ; stereoisomers ; enantiomers ; Sitophilus granarius ; granary weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé S. granarius L. est un déprédateur important des grains stockés. Le (R*,S*)-1-éthylpropyl 2-méthyl-3-hydroxypentanoate a été identifié en 1987 comme le principal composé du sitophilate, la phéromone mâle d'agrégation de S. granarius. La composition énantiométrique du sitophilate a été déterminée par 3 méthodes: 1) tests biologiques des énantiomères synthétiques (2S,3R) et (2R,3S) du diastéréomère actif (R*,S*); 2) spectrométrie RMN 1H des esters Mosher dérivés de la phéromone naturelle et des sitophilates de synthèse (2S*,3R*)-et (2R*,3S*); 3) comparaison en capillarité GLC des temps de rétention des dérivés naturels de la phéromone et des 2 éniantiomères de synthèse. La combinaison des 3 méthodes confirme que le (2S,3R) énantiomère est la forme active du sitophilate. Le mâle produit 〉96% de l'énantiomère (2S,3R). Il n'y a pas eu attraction de S. granarius par le (2R,3S) sitophilate. S. oryzae L. et S. zeamais Motsch n'ont pas été attirés par le (2S,3R)-sitophilate. L'utilisation du (2S,3R)-1-éthylpropyl 2-méthyl-3-hydroxypentanoate dans les pièges devrait permettre une détection précoce de la présence de S. granarius dans des stocks de grains.
    Notizen: Abstract The enantiomeric composition of sitophilate, the granary weevil [Sitophilus granarius (L.)] male-produced aggregation pheromone [(R*,S*)-1-ethylpropyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate)], was determined by three methods: (1) bioassaying the synthetic (2S,3R) and (2R,3S) enantiomers of the active (R*,S*) diastereomer; (2) 1H NMR spectroscopy of Mosher ester derivatives of the natural pheromone and synthetic (2S,3R)-and (2R,3S)-sitophilate; and (3) capillary GLC comparisons of the retention times of derivatized natural pheromone and the two synthetic enantiomers. The combined methods confirmed the (2S,3R) enantiomer as the active form of sitophilate. Male granary weevils were shown to produce 〉96% (2S,3R)-sitophilate. No significant attraction of S. granarius by the (2R,3S) enantiomer was observed. Rice and maize weevils [S. oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky] were not attracted by (2S,3R)-sitophilate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Colorado potato beetle ; Solanaceae ; Solanum berthaultii ; potato ; plant resistance ; glandular trichomes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les mécanismes de défense de la pomme de terre sauvage, S. berthaultii Hawkes, aux larves de Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, ont été étudiés par ablation sélective des trichomes glandulaires et par l'élimination de leur exsudat des folioles, et par comparaison avec S. tuberosum L. qui a perdu les trichomes glandulaires défensifs A et B. L'ablation des trichomes A a augmenté la proportion de larves ayant consommé S. berthaultii. L'élimination de l'exsudat des trichomes B a augmenté la proportion de consommatrices et réduit la mortalité. Les principaux composés actifs de l'exsudat B, c'est-à-dire des esters d'acides gras de sucrose, n'étaient actifs qu'en présence de trichomes A. Les esters de sucrose n'ont pas modifié la consommation larvaire sur folioles de S. tuberosum, ou sur disques de feuilles de S. berthaultii dont les trichomes A avaient été enlevés. La croissance des larves survivantes n'a pas été modifiée significativement par l'ablation des trichomes A ou l'élimination de l'exsudat de B. La croissance des larves a été significativement augmentée quand les folioles de S. berthaultii ont été incorporés dans l'aliment artificiel après élimination de la barrière physique due aux pédoncules B. La croissance a été de même importance sur aliments artificiels contenant des feuilles (fraiches ou en poudre lyophylisée) de S. berthaultii ou de S. tuberosum, mais plus faible que sur folioles de S. tuberosum. La présence de trichomes A est indispensable à la résistance de S. berthaultii aux L, de L. decemlineata. Les gouttelettes de type B contenant des esters de sucrose augmentent l'expression de la résistance en présence d'une défense active par trichomes A.
    Notizen: Abstract The defensive mechanisms of the wild potato, solanum berthaultii Hawkes, to larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were studied by selective removal of glandular trichomes and trichome exudates from leaflets, and by comparing performance on S. berthaultii and on the cultivated potato, S. tuberosum L., which lacks defensively active type A and B glandular trichomes. Removal of type A trichomes increased the proportion of larvae that fed on S. berthaultii. Removal of the exudate from type B trichomes increased the proportion of larvae that fed and led to a decrease in mortality. The predominant active compounds in type B exudate, i.e. fatty acid esters of sucrose, were only effective in the presence of type A trichomes. Sucrose esters did not affect larval feeding on S. tuberosum leaflets or on S. berthaultii leaf discs from which the type A trichomes had been removed. Growth of surviving larvae was not significantly affected by removing type A trichomes or type B exudate. Growth of larvae was significantly increased when S. berthaultii leaflets were presented in artificial diet which eliminated the physical barrier of the type B stalks. Growth was no different on artificial diet containing either S. berthaultii or S. tuberosum leaf material (fresh or lyophilized powder) but was poorer on these diets than on S. tuberosum leaflets. The presence of type A trichomes is a fundamental requirement for expression of S. berthaultii resistance to L1 L. decemlineata. Type B droplets containing sucrose esters increase the expression of resistance in the presence of defensively-active type A trichomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Morimus funereus ; development ; laboratory conditions ; food quality ; temperature ; season
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment,-B = aliment naturel, c'est-à-dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B+C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés-, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B+C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B+C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B+C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B+C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B+C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summerand winter-larvae developed successfully on B+C, while all the winter-larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B+C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early- and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Diabrotica spp. ; corn rootworms ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; plant-derived semiochemicals ; starch matrix ; encapsulation ; controlled release
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le programme expérimental de 1987 était destiné à déterminer: 1) si les substances dérivées de végétaux et attractives pour Diabrotica pouvaient être encapsulées dans de l'amidon additionné d'acide borique; 2) si différentes formules attireraient les différentes espèces de Diabrotica dans un champ de maïs. L'indol, l'estragol, le vératrol, le phénylacétaldéhyde et le trans-anéthol n'ont pas été retenus, tandis que le trans-cinnamaldéhyde, la \-ionone, le 1,2,4-triméthobenzène, l'eugénol et l'isœugénol ont été encapsulés avec succès dans des pièges attachés à des pieds de maïs (les détails techniques sont fournis). Les pièges ont été relevés tous les 4 jours du 11 juillet au 8 septembre. Les résultats montrent que les substances allélochimiques sont conservées dans la capsule pendant des durées variables et libérées à des concentrations attractives pour les Diabrotica adultes. Un mélange de trans-cinnamaldéhyde et de 1,2,4,-triméthoxybenzène a été la formule la plus efficace, à l'exception des périodes de formation des barbes et du pollen, où aucune formule n'a été attractive. Bien que la variation saisonnière des réactions de Diabrotica limite l'utilisation des substances allélochimiques d'origine végétale, la capsule d'amidon peut être employée pour libérer des substances allélochimiques et constitue un outil potentiel pour la mise au point d'une méthode plus rationnelle de lutte contre Diabrotica.
    Notizen: Abstract The concept of encapsulating semiochemicals into a starch matrix is being studied for potential use in corn rootworm (CRW) management programs. During 1987, experiments were conducted to determine: 1) If volatile plant-derived Diabrotica spp. attractants could be encapsulated in a starch borate matrix (SBM), and 2) If various SBM-semiochemical formulations would attract Diabrotica species over time in field corn. Chemical analyses of fresh SBM formulations indicated that indole, estragole, veratrole, phenylacetaldehyde, and trans-anethole were not retained during formulation but trans-cinnamaldehyde, Beta-ionone, 1,2,4,-trimethoxybenzene, eugenol and isœugenol were successfully encapsulated. Encapsulated semiochemical formulations were made into 20 mesh granules, placed in Pherocon ® 1C traps that were tied to corn plants, and sampled for CRW adults every 4 days from 11 July to 8 September. Field data indicated that encapsulated semiochemicals were retained in the SBM for varying lengths of time and were released at rates attractive to CRW adults. A two-component mixture of trans-cinnamaldehyde and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene was the most effective formulation tested; however, no formulation was effective during corn silking and pollination. Although seasonal variation in CRW response could limit the usefulness of some plant-derived semiochemicals, the starch matrix concept may be useful as a delivery system for semiochemicals and may have potential as a tool that could be used in the development of new more biorational CRW management programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 61-67 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; northern corn rootworm ; western corn rootworm ; dispersal ; malaise trap ; habitat selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les activités de vol de D. barberi (NCR) et D. virgifera virgifera (WCR) ont été contrôlées par l'utilisation de pièges ‘malais’ placés en lisière de deux petits champs de maïs. Les populations de ces coléoptères sont maximales quand le maïs fleurit, mais leurs captures sont restées faibles jusqu'à ce que les barbes du maïs aient été sèches. Les captures de NCR et, dans une plus faible mesure, celles de WCR ont alors augmenté et sont restées importantes pendant toute la saison. Les pièges ‘malais’ ont été conçus pour que les adultes pénétrant par les côtés opposés soient récoltés séparément. Les femelles de NCR capturées face au champ de maïs avaient tendance à contenir moins d'ovocytes mûrs que celles capturées du côté opposé. Ces observations appuient l'hypothèse que les femelles NCR émigrent des champs de maïs pour s'alimenter, quand les barbes et le pollen de maïs, aliments préférés, deviennent indisponibles, mais que les femelles NCR pleines d'ovocytes mûrs recherchent le maïs quand elles sont en quête de lieux de ponte.
    Notizen: Abstract Flight activity of corn rootworm beetles, the northern (NCR), Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and western (WCR), D. virgifera virgifera, was monitored using malaise traps placed at the edges of two small cornfields. Populations of beetles in the fields peaked while corn was flowering, but capture in malaise traps remained low until silks had dried. Capture of NCR and (to a lesser extent) WCR then increased and remained high through the season. Malaise traps were constructed to permit separate collections of beetles that entered on each of two opposite sides. Female NCR that were captured in sides that faced toward corn tended to contain fewer mature eggs than those in sides facing away from corn. These findings support the hypothesis that female NCR emigrate from cornfields to feed when fresh silk and corn pollen (favored foods) become unavailable, but that egg-laden NCR actively seek corn when searching for oviposition sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Ipomoea batatas ; sweet potato volatiles ; sesquiterpenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A dual-choice olfactometer was developed to study the responses of sweet potato weevils,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), to volatiles from the sweet potato,Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Both males and females were attracted by volatiles from sweet potato leaves and a methylene chloride leaf extract. Females, but not males, responded to volatiles from storage roots and a methylene chloride root extract. Leaves and storage roots from four sweet potato cultivars (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, and Regal) were attractive to female weevils; however, the attractant response varied with cultivar. GC profiles from leaf and root extracts, and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract, for Jewel cultivar enabled the volatile peaks to be identified as sesquiterpenes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1729-1745 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Kairomones ; host attraction ; monoterpenes ; ethanol synergism ; turpentine ; trapping ; Cerambycidae ; Scolytidae ; Curculionidae ; Cleridae ; Buprestidae ; Dryocetes autographus ; Monochamus scutellatus ; Hylobius pales ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field experiments using baited sticky stovepipe traps and Lindgren multiple funnel traps were done near Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, to determine the effects of conifer monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, camphene and carene) and ethanol on the number of beetles captured. Several species of conifer-feeding beetles were attracted to the monoterpenes or to monoterpenes and ethanol, including species in the families Cerambycidae (Asemum striatum, Acmaeops proteus, Xylotrechus undulatus, Monochamus scutellatus), Curculionidae (Pissodes strobi, Hylobius pales), and Scolytidae (Dryocetes autographus, Ips grandicollis). Species of Buprestidae generally did not respond to the monoterpenes or to ethanol. Species of Cleridae (Thanasimus dubius, Enoclerus nigripes rufiventris, Enoclerus nigrifrons gerhardi) which are predators of conifer bark beetles were attracted to the monoterpenes. Synergism between monoterpenes and ethanol was evident forM. scutellatus, H. pales, andD. autographus. While α-pinene was the most potent attractant for most beetle species, monoterpenes other than α-pinene synergized attraction to ethanol forD. autographus. Attraction of beetles to commercial turpentine and ethanol did not differ significantly from attraction to a pure monoterpene blend and ethanol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1033-1044 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Defensive mechanism ; avoidance response ; Eumeces inexpectatus ; Pasimachus subsulcatus ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; lizard ecology ; lizard predation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The carabid beetlePasimachus subsulcatus is an abundant ground-dwelling insect in west central Florida that exudes a powerful mucous membrane irritant when disturbed. This secretion can be sprayed over 10 cm from the abdominal tip. The southeastern five-lined skink,Eumeces inexpectatus, is an abundant insectivorous lizard sympatric withPasimachus. We assessed the availability ofPasimachus toEumeces and found it to be within the foraging microenvironment of the lizard. Analysis ofEumeces gut contents and field feeding trials indicate thatPasimachus are not ingested by the lizard, yet arthropods of comparable size and exoskeletal thickness are ingested. The movement response ofEumeces to isolatedPasimachus secretion constituents, conducted in a modified Y-maze laboratory experiment, was used to assess the repellent capabilities of the secretion.Eumeces are consistently repelled byPasimachus secretion constituents, indicating that the beetle is protected chemically from the lizard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Synergism ; aggregation pheromone ; Pityogenes chalcographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; chalcogran ; methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate ; enantiomers ; isomers ; stereoisomers ; synthesis ; bioassay ; structure-activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Syntheses of all four Stereoisomers (2S,5S; 2S,5R;2R,5R; and2R,5S) of chalcogran, a major component of the aggregation pheromone ofPityogenes chalcographus, and of all four isomers (2Z,4Z; 2Z,4E; 2E,4E; and 2E,4Z) of methyl 2,4-decadienoate (MD), the second major pheromone component, are briefly described. Attraction responses of walking beetles of both sexes were tested to mixtures of the synergistic pheromone components or analogs. These bioassays showed that theE,Z isomer of MD is the most active when tested with chalcogran. When tested with (E,Z)-MD, (2S,5R)-chalcogran was the most active stereoisomer, while 2R,5R and 2R,5S isomers had intermediate activities, and the 2S,5S isomer was inactive. There was no evidence that the relatively less active Stereoisomers of chalcogran inhibited or promoted attraction to (2S,5R)-chalcogran with (E,Z)-MD. Male beetles only produce the activeE,Z isomer of MD (inactive alone) and their hindguts contain the most active (2S,5R)- and least active (2S,5S)-chalcogran. A mixture of all MD isomers with racemic chalcogran was not significantly different in attractivity compared to (E,Z)-MD with racemic chalcogran, indicating no synergistic or inhibitory effects of the inactive isomers of MD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1837-1845 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Defense ; deterrent ; sequestration ; iridoid glycoside ; paederoside ; Acyrthosiphon nipponicus ; Homoptera ; aphid ; Aphididae ; Harmonia axyridis ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; Paederia scandens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A Rubiaceae-feeding aphid,Acyrthosiphon nipponicus, is seldom attacked by the ladybird beetle,Harmonia axyridis. A potent deterrent against the beetle was isolated from the aphid and identified as paederoside, an iridoid glycoside originating in the aphid's host,Paederia scandens. The iridoid content was as high as 2% of the intact body weight, and a large portion was found in the cornicle secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1015-1031 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Saw-toothed grain beetle ; Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; Coleoptera ; Silvanidae ; aggregation pheromone ; electroantennogram ; behavioral bioassay ; blend ratio
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The antennal and behavioral responses of the saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis, to the three components of its male-produced aggregation pheromone were investigated. EAG recordings showed no differences between the responses of the two sexes to the synthetic pheromone components. In contrast, laboratory behavioral assays demonstrated marked differences between the sexes. More females than males were consistently attracted to mixtures of the synthetic components, and this bias appeared to be caused by one component in the blend. Altering the blend ratio resulted in changes in the ratio of the sexes attracted. Thus, if, as suggested by preliminary work, males vary the blend produced, this should alter the relative response of the sexes to the aggregation pheromone.
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 507-516 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Monochamus alternatus Hope ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; pine inner bark ; methanol extracts ; water extracts ; oviposition stimulants ; lightwood
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Field and laboratory ovipositional responses ofMonochamus alternatus Hope, respectively, to methanol and water extracts from pine inner bark were examined in comparison with those to pine inner bark, especially using a laboratory-built apparatus for the latter bioassay. Irrespective of the existence of volatiles from paraquat-induced lightwood, pine inner bark and its methanol and water extracts stimulated ovipositional response only in the presence of free moisture.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1147-1159 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips paraconfusus ; bark beetles ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; olfaction ; orientation ; anemotaxis ; pheromones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Synthetic pheromone was released from a dispenser stretched across the width of a wind tunnel. Beetles in pheromone-free wind wandered in all directions and did not appear to orient to the wind. A dosage series showed that pheromone decreased the walking rate and deviations from the upwind direction, and it increased the turning rate. The tracks were composed of relatively straight or gently curving sections interspersed with more infrequent, larger course adjustments. Although pheromone clearly affected the average heading of beetles within a treatment, any given individual exposed to pheromone did not necessarily head directly upwind or maintain a fixed absolute angle with respect to the wind direction. The response appeared to be an inaccurate anemotaxis, rather than an anemomenotaxis.
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 168 (1989), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Dilleniaceae ; Hibbertia hypericoides ; Mimosaceae ; Acacia ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Diphucephala ; Beetle/plant associations ; non-pollinator ofHibbertia ; potentialAcacia pollinator ; Flora of Australia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Notes are provided on the association of the beetleDiphucephala affinis (Scarabaeidae) with yellow flowers ofHibbertia hypericoides, H. huegelii (Dilleniaceae),Acacia pulchella, andA. stenoptera (Mimosaceae). Observations were undertaken during September 9–19, 1979 at S. Perth, Western Australia. They indicated thatD. affinis is not a pollinator ofHibbertia as suggested in the literature, but may play a small role in the pollination of someAcacia species.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Monolepta beetle ; red-shouldered leaf beetle ; Monolepta australis ; lipid extract ; unsaturated aliphatic ethers ; 7-octadecenyl alkyl ethers ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Investigation of the lipid extract of the Australian chrysomelid beetle,Monolepta australis, has revealed a novel homologous series of long-chain, unsaturated-saturated dialkyl ethers in the cuticular wax. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, proton magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and chemical degradation have shown that ethers of formula CH3(CH2)9CH=CH(CH2)6O(CH2)12–16CH3 predominate.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ipsdienol ; geographic variation ; intrapopulation variation ; speciation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract We determined the chirality of ipsdienol in individual male pine engravers,Ips pini (Say), from New York, California, and two localities in British Columbia (BC). Both quantity and chirality of ipsdienol varied significantly between and within populations ofI. pini. Beetles from California and southeastern BC produced primarily (R)-(−)-ipsdienol with mean ratios of (S)-(+) : (R)-(−) of 9 : 91 and 11 : 89, respectively, while beetles from New York produced primarily (S)-(+)-ipsdienol with a mean (S)-(+) : (R)-(−) ratio of 57 : 43. A population from southwestern BC was unlike any other known western population, producing primarily (S)-(+)-ipsdienol with a mean (S)-(+) : (R)-(−) ratio of 66 : 34. In contrast to the unimodal chirality profiles for ipsdienol production in populations from California and southeastern BC, the profiles of the populations from southwestern BC and New York were bimodal, with a common mode at approximately 44 : 56 (S)-(+) : (R)-(−). Bimodality in the profiles of ipsdienol chirality in two populations ofI. pini and remarkably high levels of intrapopulation variation in pheromone chirality in all four populations suggest that evolutionary change in pheromone channels of communication could occur, possibly in response to artificial selection pressures such as mass trapping.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 807-817 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Tomicus piniperda ; Trypodendron lineatum ; Hylurgops palliatus ; Thanasimus formicarius ; host attraction ; host volatiles ; ethanol ; α-pinene ; synergism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The attraction of bark and ambrosia beetles as well as associated beetles to α-pinene and ethanol was studied in field experiments with flight barrier traps. α-Pinene and ethanol were released individually and as combinations in approximately 1∶1 or 1∶10 ratios and at four different release rates. Ethanol attractedTomicus piniperda (L.),Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.),Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.),Hylastes cunicularius Er.,H. brunneus Er.,H. opacus Er., andAnisandrus dispar (F.) (Scolytidae);Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (L.) andEpuraea spp. (Nitidulidae);Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Cleridae); andRhizophagus depressus (F.) (Rhizophagidae). α-Pinene attracted all these species with the exception ofT. lineatum, H. cunicularius, andA. dispar. Combinations of a-pinene and ethanol resulted in synergistically increased attraction of all species with the exception ofH. opacus andA. dispar. A. dispar, the only hardwood-associated species in the study, was repelled by α-pinene. Both the release rates and the ratio at which the two substances were released influenced the response of the beetles. The differences in response between the beetle species seem to reflect dissimilarities in the release of the two substances among the various types of breeding material to which the species are adapted.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 3-24 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; taxis ; chemotaxis ; orientation ; olfaction ; pheromones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Gas-liquid chromatography of the air within the arena developed for this assay showed that a concentration gradient was established within 1–2 min of applying the pheromone (ipsenol, ipsdienol,cis-verbenol), and that this gradient was nearly constant for 20–95 min after application. The concentration fell rapidly and approximately exponentially between the source and the center of the arena. Turning rate and the number of beetles that reached the source increased, and heading with respect to the source decreased, in the presence of pheromone. Responses of beetles that did and did not reach the source were significantly different, but within each group there were no significant differences among dosages. Turning rate and heading varied little with distance from the source, while walking rate decreased as distance from the release point of the beetles increased. We hypothesize that dosage exerts its major effect on source location by altering the probability that a beetle will enter into orientation behavior and that beetles orienting to sources have similar behaviors even when orienting to a wide range of dosages.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 183-208 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; olfaction ; orientation ; counterturning ; chemotaxis ; taxis ; pheromones ; tropotaxis ; schemakinesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The position of beetles were marked at 1-sec intervals after they were released in still air 16–18 cm from point sources of pheromone. Characteristics of the tracks were quantified and compared to those that might be produced by counterturning schemakinesis, tropotaxis, klinotaxis, zigzagging, look-and-leap, or steepest-ascent schemakinesis mechanisms. The beetles' movements were highly irregular, but they turned almost continually and never fixed on a heading near 0° (=straight towards the source). Turn angle sizes increased slightly with absolute size of heading but had the opposite sign, thus compensating slightly for heading. Their distribution was centered about 0° and was unimodal. Heading decreased gradually as the source was neared, but the decrease became steeper within 1–5 cm of the source. Histograms showed that the maximum headings between occurrences when the beetle was headed directly towards the source (0°) were centered around 0° and most of them were less than 90°. However, maximum headings between 90° and 180° were not uncommon. Turn radius decreased as the source was neared. The counterturning mechanism was the most consistent with these observations. An analysis of rate of change of concentration with respect to heading and distance to the source further demonstrated that the counterturning mechanism could explain the form of the decrease in heading as the source was neared, if the major cue used to initiate counterturns was a decrease in the rate of increase of concentration. The tropotaxis could not recreate the form of the decrease, under any form of stimulus processing.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2465-2483 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Ips typographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Picea abies ; aggregation pheromones ; host tree resistance ; tree-switching ; GC-MS ; monoterpenes ; 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; cis-verbenol, verbenone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Volatiles released from individual entrance holes of eight spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) were collected during the first week of attack on a resistant host tree. In order to quantify the release of the highly volatile 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) from attacking males, a new method was developed with deuterated quantification standard released at the time of collection. The amounts of collected volatiles, as analyzed by GC and GC-MS, showed a large variation between individual holes and also between subsequent entrainments from the same hole. Most of the quantified compounds on the average have two maxima, with a pronounced intervening depression. The amounts of releasedcis-verbenol (cV) increased five times during the first two days, while the amounts of MB were consistently high. The attacked spruce tree was not taken by the beetles, and the average amounts of the two aggregation pheromone components, MB and cV, increased again after the first maxima. The first peak of oxygenated monoterpene, released in the beginning of the attack containing α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate,trans-pinocarveol, and verbenone, was possibly due to spontaneous oxidation of monoterpene hydrocarbons from the tree. Microorganisms established in the gallery wall phloem probably participated in the production of oxygenated monoterpenes during the second increase.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Boll weevil ; olfaction ; receptor cell ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; enantiomer ; grandisol ; chirality ; electroantennogram ; aggregation pheromone ; neurobiology ; structure-activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrophysiological recordings from antennal olfactory receptors and field behavioral experiments showed both male and female boll weevils,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to respond specifically to (+)-grandisol, an enantiomer of compound I of the boll weevil aggregation pheromone. Single-cell recordings revealed antennal olfactory neurons in both male and female weevils keyed to (+)-grandisol. Electroantennograms in response to serial dilutions of the grandisol enaniiomers showed a threshold 100 to 1000 times lower for (+)-grandisol relative to its antipode. In field behavioral experiments, both sexes were significantly more attracted to (+)-grandisol in combination with the three other pheromone components than the combination with (−)-grandisol. When (−)-grandisol was placed with the (+)-enantiomer at equal dosages, a slight although statistically insignificant inhibition occurred. Subsequent field tests showed that the low level of attraction exhibited by (−)-grandisol in combination with the other three pheromone components could be attributed to the other three components alone. These results are in contrast with an earlier study, which found (−)-grandisol to be as attractive as the (+)-enantiomer.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 767-777 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Anthonomus grandis ; behavior ; boll weevil ; Coleoptera ; cotton ; cultivar ; Curculionidae ; effluvial method ; grandlure ; pheromone ; Pora-pak Q ; pheromone collection ; aeration collection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract An effluvial method was developed to collect the pheromone, grandlure from actively calling male boll weevils,Anthonomus grandis Boheman. The adsorbant, Porapak Q (ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene), was utilized to trap and concentrate the pheromone. Captured pheromone was desorbed from columns packed with Porapak Q by elution withn-pentane and quantified by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. In recovery studies with known amounts of synthetic grandlure, we found that the amount of each pheromone component collected was a function of collection duration, elution volume, and initial concentration. This effluvial method was capable of recovering as much as 94.9% of a known quantity (80 μg) of grandlure. The chromatograms were free of extraneous peaks. In studies of insect-produced pheromone, the effluvial method was used to collect pheromone from the air space surrounding male boll weevils as they fed on flower buds from CAMD-E cotton. The quantity and quality of boll-weevil-produced pheromone was determined for days 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of boll weevil adulthood. The maximum quantity of natural pheromone was produced on day 13 (4.2 μg/weevil) with a pheromone component ratio of 2.41∶2.29∶0.95∶1 for components I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The effluvial method described in this report is an efficient method to collect and quantify boll weevil pheromone from the atmosphere surrounding actively calling insects. Other applications of this method are suggested.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Boll weevil ; Anthonomus grandis ; aggregation pheromone ; multicomponent ; behavior ; electroantennogram ; neurobiology ; structureactivity ; geometric isomers ; cotton ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract For two decades, the aggregation pheromone of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was thought to consist of four compounds: I [(+)-(Z)-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutane ethanol]; II [(Z)-3,3-dimethyl-ΔI,β-cyclohexane ethanol]; III [(Z)-3,3-dimethyl-Δ1,α-cyclohexane acetaldehyde); and IV [(E)-3,3-dimethyl-Δ1,α-cyclohexane acetaldehyde). Evidence is presented from behavioral and electrophysiological studies to show that only three of these components, I, II, and IV, are essential for attraction. Competitive field tests, in which each possible three-component blend was tested against the four-component mixture, demonstrated that omission of I, II. or IV resulted in decreased trap captures (P 〈 0.01). Trap captures by these blends lacking I, II, or IV resembled those by the hexane solvent alone in a similar experiment. However, omission of III did not significantly alter field attractiveness of the blend. Dosage-response curves constructed from electroantennogram responses of both males and females to serial dilutions of III, IV, and a 50∶50 mixture of the geometric isomers III and IV showed both sexes to be 10- to 100-fold more sensitive to IV than III. Data from the electrophysiological studies were consistent with a single acceptor type for the (E)-cyclohexylidene aldehyde, IV, for males, and possibly one or two acceptor types for III and IV for females. Possible roles for the (Z)-cyclohexylidene aldehyde, III, and implications for the pheromonal attractant currently used in boll weevil eradication/suppression programs are discussed.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2263-2277 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregation pheromone ; Ips typogmphus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; density regulation ; inhibitor ; verbenone ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The semiochemicals verbenone (Vn), ipsenol (Ie), and ipsdienol (Id), present in late phases of host colonization, have been implicated as qualitative “shut-off” signals regulating attack density. Combinations of the three chemicals were released in pipe traps together with the aggregation pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) andcis-verbenol (cV) at different levels and in different ratios to MB + cV, and with two spacings of traps to test for possible effects on reducing catch at traps baited with aggregation pheromone. When they were released with the attractants Vn and Ie (alone or together) decreased the mean catch significantly at the higher release rates used (1 mg/day). Id alone or together with Vn at low release rates (0.1 mg/day), with the attractants, increased catch somewhat. A dose-response test of Vn, with the attractants held constant, showed a decline in catches, down to about 〈 10% of the control, at ratios of Vn to cV between 1∶1 and 150∶ 1. A larger spacing (25 m) of traps gave a stronger response to change in doses of Vn and MB + cV than a smaller (6 m) spacing. The sex ratio was more skewed towards females when two or three inhibitors were present and at higher doses of Vn. It is suggested that Vn could be the most important density-regulating signal in the natural system, as release of Vn from galleries is larger and starts earlier than that of Id and Ie.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromones ; terpene alcohols ; axenic-rearing ; bark beetles ; microorganisms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins andIps paraconfusus Lanier of both sexes produced most of their complement of terpene alcohols at normal to elevated levels in the absence of readily culturable microorganisms. However, there was some evidence that microbial involvement may be required by maleI. paraconfusus to produce ipsenol and ipsdienol at normal levels. Increased levels of certain terpene alcohols found in axenically reared or streptomycin-fed beetles suggest that symbiotic microorganisms may be responsible for breaking down pheromones and other terpene alcohols. There was also evidence for microbial involvement in the production of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone inD. ponderosae. This compound was not produced in quantifiable levels by axenically reared or streptomycin-fed beetles exposed to α-pinene as vapors or through feeding, but was found in wildD. ponderosae exposed to α-pinene through feeding on bolts of lodgepole pine,Pinus contorta var.latifolia Engelmann.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1513-1533 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus terebrans ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; pheromones ; primary attraction ; secondary attraction ; host selection ; frontalin ; exo-brevicomin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Controlled infestation ofDendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) on bolts of slash pine,Pinus ellionii Engelm. var.elliottii, elicited greater attraction of wild conspecifics than uninfested bolts. Secondary attraction was not apparent, however, to standing slash pines that had received volunteer attacks, when compared with attraction to unattacked but susceptible trees. Hindguts from in-flight or attacking femaleD. terebrans contained frontalin, and those from in-flight or attacking males containedexo-brevicomin.Trans-pinocarveol,cis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, myrtenal, verbenone, myrtenol, and other compounds were produced by both sexes during gallery construction in host trees. Synthetic frontalin, when deployed with a standard host odor mixture of turpentine and ethanol, was very attractive to maleD. terebrans in field-trapping experiments. The addition of eitherexo-brevicomin orendo-brevicomin to the frontalin-turpentine combination negated the attractive effect of frontalin for males.Trans-verbenol, myrtenol, and verbenone had little effect onD. terebrans behavior. Responses of females did not differ among treatments in any of the 11 field experiments.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Olfaction ; chirality ; pheromone ; semiochemical ; enantiomer ; bark beetle ; electrophysiology ; electroantennogram ; mountain pine beetle ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded fromD. ponderosae to the enantiomers of the terpenoid bark-beetle pheromonestrans-verbenol,cis-verbenol, verbenone, and the bicyclic ketals frontalin,exo-brevicomin, andendo-brevicomin. Male and female responses to enantiomers of the terpenoids differed significantly only at the two highest concentrations. No sex differences were seen in response to the bicyclic ketals. Significantly different responses to the enantiomers of all the chemicals, except frontalin, were noted over at least part of the dosage-response ranges tested. The negative antipode for all of the terpenoids elicited higher responses, while for the bicyclic ketals, the positive antipode effected the largest responses except for the two highest concentrations ofexo-brevicomin.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1989), S. 589-596 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Corpora cardiaca ; Coleoptera ; Neuropeptides ; HPLC ; Amino acid composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Extracts of corpora cardiaca from two members of the family Tenebrionidae,Zophobas rugipes andTenebrio molitor, from one member of the Chrysomelidae,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and from three members of the Scarabaeidae,Pachnoda marginata, P. sinuata andMelolontha hippocastani, were assayed for adipokinetic and hypertrehalosaemic activity in acceptor locusts (Locusta migratoria) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), respectively. All corpus cardiacum material tested, except that from the cockchafer,M. hippocastani, gave positive bioassay results. Biological activities of corpus cardiacum extracts from all species investigated can be resolved on reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Gland extracts from the two tenebrionid species each show a single peak of biological activity associated with a single peak of UV absorbance having an identical retention time in both species. The two biologically active fractions from the corpora cardiaca of the potato beetle,L. decemlineata, coelute with exogenous (synthetic) hypertrehalosaemic hormones I and II of the American cockroach. The two species of the genusPachnoda contain two active compounds in their glands; compound I of each species is more abundant and elutes just ahead of the (synthetic) hypertrehalosaemic hormone of the cockroachBlaberus discoidalis. The gland material ofM. hippocastani exhibits and absorbance peak with the same retention time as the major peak from thePachnoda-species; however, this peak material does not elicit biological activity in the assays used here. After fractionation by RP-HPLC the main biologically active compounds were subjected to amino acid analyses. All factors are peptidic and contain 8 amino acid residues. The peptides from the tenebrionid species have the amino acid residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Leu(1), Phe(1) and Trp(i), whereas the main peptide from corpora cardiaca ofP. marginata contains the residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Tyr(1), Leu(1) and Trp(1). Amino acid composition analyses of the two active fractions fromL. decemlineata reveal the residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Val(1), Phe(1) and Trp(1) for compound I and Asx(1), Glx(1), Thr(2), Pro(1), Leu(1), Phe(1) and Trp(1) for compound II.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Ipomoea batatas ; feeding ; oviposition ; host-plant preference ; host-plant resistance ; root surface chemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Cores from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] storage roots (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, and Regal cultivars) were presented to sweet potato weevils [Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)] in multiple-choice, limited-choice, and no-choice bioassays. Centennial, a susceptible cultivar in field-plot experiments, was preferred for feeding and oviposition by female weevils in choice bioassays, and for ovi-position in no-choice bioassays, compared to three other cultivars. Analysis of root surface chemistry showed a tentatively identified triterpenol acetate in Centennial, which was not found in the more resistant cultivars; another root surface component was found in higher concentrations in the more resistant cultivars.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Enantiomeric composition ; chiral separation ; GC ; pheromone ; plant-insect relations ; Norway spruce ; Picea abies ; α-pinene enantiomers ; cis-verbenol ; trans-verbenol ; Ips. Typographus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytdae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The enantiomeric composition of α-pinene in individual Norway spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] was determined on a chiral GC column after stereoselective hydroboration-oxidation followed by a reaction with isopropyl isocyanate to form the carbamate derivative. The enantiomeric composition varied considerably between trees of different genetic origin. There was a strong correlation between the chirality of α-pinene in host spruce trees and thecis/trans ratio of verbenols found in the hindguts of the bark beetleIps typographus (L.) infesting the trees.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1617-1627 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregation ; lactic acid ; olfactometer ; mouthpart palpi ; density ; mealworm ; Tenebrio molitor ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Evaluation of the lactic acid attraction of individual and grouped larvalTenebrio molitor L. in an olfactometer indicated that olfaction is unlikely to be the chemoreceptive mode governing substrate choice or aggregation of these insects. High-magnification videotaped sequences of mealworms on treated and control filter papers indicated that larvae sample the substrate by rapidly probing with mouthpart palpi in a manner similar to the leaf sampling of certain caterpillars. The reception of lactic acid stimuli may therefore involve contact chemoreceptors. The larvae frequently touch each other in a similar manner. Bioassays comparing the cumulative frequencies of distributions of mealworms on control and lactic acid-treated filter papers indicated significant differences, with higher density clusters being found on the treated papers. Comparison of the control distribution with the expected distribution revealed an innate tendency to aggregate. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to the formation of mealworm clusters in the environment.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1689-1697 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Defensive secretion ; aliphatic acids ; beetle ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Pasimachus subsulcatus ; carboxylic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The defensive secretion of the carabid beetlePasimachus subsulcatus is a concentrated solution (up to 90%) of carboxylic acids, amounting to about 1% of body mass. It contains three major components (methacrylic, tiglic, and angelic acids) and four minor components (isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, isovaleric, and senecioic acids). In the single population of this large flightless beetle that was examined, the relative ratio of acidic components was remarkably constant from individual to individual.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 749-765 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Bark beetle ; Ips typographus ; Tomicus piniperda ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromone ; host attractants ; dispersal ; flight ; Pityogenes ; Hylurgops ; Cryphalus ; Trypodendron
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The catches of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were compared between attractive traps releasing semiochemicals and passive traps (cylindrical sticky screens hung, at 10 heights of 0.7–11.5 m, on poles). A central attractive-trap pole was surrounded by three passive-trap poles spaced 50 or 100 m away at the apices of an equilateral triangle. The catches ofTomicus piniperda and other scolytid species on the attractive-trap pole baited with host monoterpenes, or the catches ofIps typographus attracted to synthetic pheromone, were compared to passive trap catches in a Scots pine forest or in a Norway spruce clear-cut, respectively. Information about flight height distributions of the above scolytid species, andHylurgops palliatus, Cryphalus abietis, Pityogenes chalcographus, P. quadridens, P. bidentatus, andTrypodendron domesticum were obtained on the passive and attractive trap poles. A new method is presented for determining the densities of flying insects based on the passive trap's dimensions and catch, duration of test, and speed of insect. Also, a novel concept, the effective attraction radius (EAR), is presented for comparing attractants of species, which is independent of insect density, locality, or duration of test. The EAR is obtained by the ratio of attractive and passive trap catches and the dimensions of the passive trap, and thus should correlate positively with the strength of the attractant and the distance of attraction. EARs are determined from catch data ofT. piniperda andI. typographus as well as from the data of previous investigations on the same or other bark beetles.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1171-1176 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Host colonization ; sex pheromone ; ambrosia beetle ; Platypus caviceps ; Coleoptera ; Platypodidae ; Nothofagus ; southern beech
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The role of host- and beetle-produced odors in the colonization of southern beech (Nothofagus spp.) by the pinhole borerPlatypus caviceps Broun was investigated. Host-selecting males attacked the crown zone of a recently felled tree. Beetle emergence and dispersal were influenced by temperature, and sparse colonization continued over the 30 days of the study. Field tests using naturally baited traps indicated that male colonization of southern beech can be accounted for by attraction to host odors alone and that subsequent female response is to a male-released sex pheromone acting alone or in combination with host odors.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1545-1558 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Magnesium sulfate ; oviposition ; bean weevil ; Acanthoscelides obtectus Say ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; supernormal stimulus ; neuromuscular synaptic depression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Unlike many secondary plant substances, a wide range of concentrations (4–1000 mM) of magnesium sulfate, applied to dry beans, significantly increased egg-laying by the dry bean weevil in binary choice tests, in favor of treated seeds. No other magnesium-containing compounds studied exerted such an effect, nor was a similar response noted on treated beans in no-choice situations. The total number of eggs laid per female was in the same range in both types of test. Variably enhanced or suppressed oviposition responses were shown on magnesium sulfate-treated secondary hosts and on nonhosts or on indifferent substrates. No specific behavior by egg-laying bean weevil females on Mg-treated seeds could be detected. The results are explained by assuming the functioning of magnesium as a supernormal stimulus for egg-laying. However, a physiological effect on neuromuscular synaptic transmission, as a consequence of probable Mg uptake resulting in a decreased propensity to move, is also hypothesized.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1605-1615 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregation ; lactic acid ; yellow mealworm ; Tenebrio molitor ; frass ; acetic acid ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; attraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Late-instar larvalTenebrio molitor L. were found to be attracted to aqueous extracts of conspecific larval frass. The attraction was evident at both the individual and group level. The attraction of larval groups to frass indicated the possibility of an aggregation pheromone that would be chemically distinct in the mealworm environment. Chemical analysis of short carbon chain acids present in both the mealworm frass and the diet indicated that lactic acid was present in the mealworm frass only. Acetic acid was identified in both the diet and the larval frass. Larvae aggregated on filter papers treated with aqueous frass extracts that had been dried and also on those freshly wetted. The larvae also aggregated on dried or freshly wetted papers treated with lactic acid, but failed to aggregate on freshly wetted papers or dried papers treated with acetic acid. The role of excreted lactic acid as a discriminant of already infested and, therefore, safer environmental regions is discussed.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 204-207 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; chemical defense ; feeding deterrent ; alkaloid ; homotropane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The blood of the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) contains a homotropane alkaloid, euphococcinine (1). The beetles ‘reflex bleed’ when disturbed, thereby deploying the alkaloid, which is provenly deterrent to spiders and ants. Newly emerged adults lack the alkaloid, but the compound builds up to deterrent levels in their blood within days. Eggs and larvae ofEpilachna are devoid of the compound.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Ips typographus ; spruce bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; model ; reemergence ; density dependent ; temperature dependent ; degree-days ; poikilotherm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Ce modèle décrit la réémergence d'adultes d'I. typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) en fonction de la densité et de la température. Les résultats obtenus en laboratoire à des températures constantes fournissent la distribution des réémergences et pour les dates de réémergence moyenne les différentes combinaisons de température de seuil et de degré de jour (°D). De toutes ces combinaisons, 167.71 °D au-dessus de 7,5 °C fournit la meilleure concordance entre les prévisions du modèle et les observations dans la nature à partir d'arbres fortement attaqués. Le modèle a montré un bon accord avec la réémergence observée dans deux groupes de branches attaquées dans différentes conditions de la température quand il a été ajusté aux faibles densités d'élevage. La discussion examine les possibilités d'application du modèle à l'étude de la biologie de la reproduction d'I. typographus et à l'aménagement forestier. La méthode utilisée pour construire le modèle pourrait être employée pour en développer d'autres chez des poikilothermes.
    Notizen: Abstract A model is presented that describes the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, based on breeding density and temperature conditions. Laboratory data obtained at one constant temperature provide the distribution of reemergence time and different combinations of threshold temperatures and degreedays (°D) at mean reemergence. Of these combinations, 167.71 °D above 7.5 °C gave the best correspondence between model prediction and field data obtained from densely infested standing trees. The model was in good agreement with the reemergence pattern found for two groups of infested logs under different temperature conditions when adjusted for the lower breeding density. The applicability of the model in the study of bark beetle reproductive biology and in forest management is discussed. The method used to construct the model should be useful in developing other models for poikilothermic processes.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Callosobruchus maculatus ; Bruchidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; evolution ; genetic variation ; insect-plant interactions ; oviposition preference
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Vingt-deux lignées deC. maculatus Fab., liées à 6 plantes-hôtes, ont été examinées quant à leurs préférences — sans choix—parmi les graines de 9 légumineuses. Ces préférences se sont révél'ees semblables à celles observées lors de choix binaires; 3 paramètres ont donné les mêmes résultats: nombre moyen d'oeufs pondus par l'ensemble des femelles, nombre moyen d'oeufs émis par l'ensemble de celles acceptant la plante, fréquence des femelles acceptant la plante. L'analyse en composantes principales des préférences pour les 9 plantes a révélé que la majorité des mesures se situe sur les 2 premiers axes, qui ont rendu compte de 89% de la variation. Les performances des lignées sur le premier axe suggèrent qu'il s'agit d'un critère général de préférence. La classification automatique des plantes a montré un aspect général semblable à celui des composantes principales. Par ces 2 méthodes, les plantes ne se sont pas classées nettement selon leurs affinités taxonomiques. Bien que la classification automatique n'ait pas mis en évidence une similarité de comportement chez les insectes liés au même hôte, ceci était apparemment le cas. Les lignées liées à des hôtes présentant de fortes — ou à l'opoosé — de faibles préférences, ont montré différents seuils d'acceptation pour les 9 substrats de ponte. A l'opposé, il n'y a aucune preuve d'altération évolutive de la hiérarchie de préférences. On en a déduit que ces insectes étaient motivés par un petit nombre de stimulus, tels que les allélochimiques et al texture de tégument, pour déceler l'adéquation des substrats potentiels. (La microscopie électronique a suggéré une corrélation entre la texture du tégument et la hiérarchie des préférences de ces populations). La confiance dans les stimulus recueillis contribue à limiter les stratégies évolutives disponibles pour la population. A partir de là, la sélection en faveur —ou contre — des plantes, à l'origine, faiblement préférées, peut conduire, dans la niche de ponte, à l'incorporation — ou à l'exclusion — d'un groupe d'espèces taxonomiquemment éloignées, mais phénétiquement semblables. La probabilité d'altérations importantes de la hiérarchie des préférences paraît extrémement faible.
    Notizen: Abstract A survey of 22 strains ofCallosobruchus maculatus associated with six different leguminous hosts indicates extensive genetic differentiation for oviposition preference. Female behavior suggests the existence of two distinct host preference groups among the nine oviposition substrates tested. Strains associated with plants in these two groups show distinct preference profiles. Genetic differentiation of oviposition preference is due to evolutionary modification of the threshold of acceptance of host plants, not to alteration of the preference hierarchy. From principal components analysis of these results, it is likely that very few independent plant traits govern oviposition preference.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 197-207 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): body weight ; flight ; Ips calligraphus ; lipid ; longevity ; phloem ; pine ; Scolytidae ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le comportement de vol d'Ips calligraphus GERMAR (Scolytidae) a été examiné au laboratoire par une technique de vol captif. La génération parentale avait été artificiellement introduite, suivant la taille des adultes (1,6 à 2,1 mm) dans des morceaux de Pinus elliottii Engelm. variété elliottii au phloeme épais (TK=2,5 à 3,5 mm) ou fin (TN=0,5 à 1,5 mm) les larves se sont développées dans ces morceaux de pin. Le poids et la teneur en lipide des adultes obtenus à partir de TN étaient significativement inférieure à ceux de TK. Le poids des mâles les plus gros a été plus réduit que celui des femelles; les mâles les plus petits semblaient être moins efficaces dans l'initiation des attaques sur les arbres, et les femelles les plus petites ont eu une fécondité réduite. Les durées de vol quotidiennes pendant la vie des mâles TK vierges étaient en moyenne deux fois plus longues que celles des mâles TN. Les durées de vol quotidiennes étaient très variables: en moyenne moins de 20 minutes, mais la plus longue a été de 173 mn. En moyennes les adultes TN et TK ont commencé à voler, et volaient en plus grand nombre, le premier et le second jour après l'émergence. Ensuite la fréquence d'adultes volants et le pourcentage de surviveants, ont graduellement diminué jusqu'à tomber à zéro le neuvième jour. Les mâles TN et TK avaient des vols quotidiens plus longs et volaient environ 1 jour de plus que les femelles. L'activité de vol accrue des mâles reflète leur besoin de trouver dans la nature des arbres convenables; les vols des femelles peuvent généralement être plus brefs, étant plus directement orientés comme une réponse aux phéromones mâles. Les voiliers ont vécu environ 2 fois plus longtemps que les non-voiliers. Parmi les voiliers TK et TN il y avait une corrélation positive étroite entre le poids du corps et la durée totale des vols. Il n'y en a qu'une faible corrélation entre cette durée totale des vols et la longévité, suggérant un faible coût physiologique du vol. L'influence de cette durée des vols et du prélèvement consécutif de lipides sur la fécondité n'a pas été examinée. L'initiation au vol chez les individus fécondés a été sérieusement retardée (maximum le sixième jour) par rapport aux vierges, ce qui suggère un dégénérescence des muscles du vol associée à la reproduction, suivie d'une régénération importante, comme cela a été signalé chez d'autres Scolytes. Ces résultats contribuent à notre compréhension des facteurs conditionnant le comportement de vol et d'autres aspects fondamentaux de la biologie des insectes des pins. Une telle connaissance est nécessaire au développement d'une politique efficace de protection.
    Notizen: Abstract Rearing larvae of Ips calligraphus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in bolts of typical slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, with ‘thin’ (TN; 0.5–1.5 mm) phloem (inner bark) relative to adult beetle body width significantly reduced body weight and lipid content of emerging adults compared with ‘thick’ (TK; 2.5–3.5 mm) phloem-reared adults. Unmated (pre-nuptial) TK beetles averaged 2-fold longer daily and life-time flight duration than TN beetles. Daily flights were highly variable, averaging 〈20 min (longest daily flight=173 min). TK and TN beetles initiated flight, and the greatest number flew, on the first or second day after emergence form their rearing bolt; % of beetles flying and survival gradually declined to zero by day 9. Males (both TK and TN) averaged 2.5 days of flight, ca. 1 day longer than females. Fliers lived ca. 2-fold longer than non-fliers. Among TK and TN fliers, significant but weak positive correlations occurred between body weight and lifetime flight duration. Poor correlation between lifetime flight duration and longevity suggests little physiological cost to flight, but effects on fecundity were not assessed. Flight by mated, egg-laying (post-nuptial) beetles was substantially delayed (peaking on day 6), suggesting degeneration and subsequent regeneration of flight muscles.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 219-230 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; Y-tube olfactometer ; bioassay ; pheromone ; attack phase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Un olfactomètre à tube en Y, dont la description est donnée, a été utilisé pour examiner les réactions d'I. typographus L. par la marche à la présence de phéromones de congénères creusant des galeries dans des bûches d'Epicéa (Picea abies L.). Les insectes dans les bûches ont été répartis en 7 classes séquentielles, depuis l'élaboration de la chambre nuptiale par le mâle (phases 1–3), l'accouplement (4), et la ponte jusqu'à ce que les galeries de ponte aient 5 cm (5–7). Les mâles dans les phases précoces (1–2) étaient attractifs pour les 2 sexes dès 0,5 à 2,5 h après leur introduction, et ils le restaient pendant plus de 2 semaines. Les femelles qui se déplacent par la marche ont préféré nettement les bûches avec des mâles vierges à des bûches non habitées. De même elles ont préféré des bûches avec des mâles unis aux femelles à des bûches sans Ips. Ayant à choisir entre des bûches infestées par des mâles vierges ou expérimentés, les femelles ont préféré nettement les mâles vierges. Les mâle ont présenté une plus faible attraction aussi bien pour les bûches avec mâles vierges qu'avec mâles expérimentés, ils n'ont pas manifesté de préférence entre les 2. Les résultats sont interprétés comme des réponses adaptatives des 2 sexes aux variations dans la libération de phéromones par les insectes pendant les phases successives d'attaque et de colonisation de l'hôte.
    Notizen: Abstract A Y-tube olfactometer is described which was used to assay the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the pheromone from beetles excavating galleries in logs of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Beetles in the logs were categorized into seven sequential attack phases. Males in the early attack phases were attractive as early as 0.5 to 2.5 h after their introduction. These logs remained attractive for more than 2 weeks. Walking females strongly preferred logs with unmated males over uninfested logs and over logs containing males and females. They also preferred logs with males and females over uninfested logs. Responding males showed a weaker attraction than females to logs with unmated males. The results are interpreted as adaptive responses of the sexes to variation of pheromone release from beetles in the host during subsequent phases of attack and colonization.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aleochara bilineata ; Staphylinidae ; Coleoptera ; Delia radicum ; carbofuran ; diflubenzuron ; Dimilin ; Furadan ; insect growth regulator
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Lorsqu' appliqué dans des concentrations efficaces contre la mouche du chou Delia radicum L. (0.1, 0.01, 0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), le Dimilin (diflubenzuron), un régulateur de croissance des insectes, n'a pas affecté l'éclosion des oeufs de Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal, un staphylin prédateur et parasite. En application externe, à la plus forte concentration (0.1% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), cet inhibiteur de synthèse de la chitine s'est avéré non toxique pour les larves du premier stade, les stades larvaires qui se développent à l'intérieur du puparium de l'hôte, et les adultes. Le traitement au Dimilin n'a pas affecté la fertilité des staphylins adultes. Cependant, lorsque le diflubenzuron était dissous dans du diméthylsulfoxyde et appliqué sur l'exosquelette du puparium de l'hôte, l'émergence des adultes de A. bilineata était éliminée. L'insecticide conventionnel Furadan (carbofurane), à une concentration égale à la plus faible concentration de Dimilin utilisée (0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), s'est avéré toxique à la fois pour les oeufs et pour les larves de A. bilineata.
    Notizen: Abstract The insect growth regulator Dimilin®, common name: diflubenzuron, applied at concentrations effective against the cabbage maggot Delia radicum L., did not affect the hatching of eggs of the staphylinid predator and parasite, Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal. Applied externally in distilled water, Dimilin was non-toxic to first instar larvae, to larval instars developing within host puparia, and to adults. When Dimilin was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, then applied to the exoskeleton of host puparia, emergence of A. bilineata adults was suppressed. The conventional insecticide Furadan, at a concentration (0.001% in distilled water) equal to the lowest concentration of Dimilin used, was toxic to both eggs and larvae of A. bilineata.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 853-854 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Lytta polita ; chemical defense ; cantharidin ; terpenoids ; fluorine ; metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Biosynthesis of cantharidin in a blister beetle,Lytta polita, is effectively inhibited by 6-fluoromevalonate. Inhibition is attributed specifically to the fluorine substituent. Biochemical inhibition has not been demonstrated previously for an arthropod's defensive substance.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Community structure ; Species composition ; Species diversity ; Tree-dwelling beetles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract During the period fromlate May through December 1981, tree-dwelling beetles were regularly surveyed at three deciduous oak and two evergreen forests in the vicinity of Gifu City. Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae were abundant in these forests. The species diversity and the seasonal succession of species were most apparent in May and June. The three deciduous oak forests, with many species and high equitability, showed more diverse community structure, but fewer individuals, when compared with the two evergreen forests. Furthermore, the species compositions of the deciduous oak forests were seasonally and spatially more heterogeneous than those of the evergreen forests. A few dominant species, however, had a strong influence on the community structure. The relationship between the diversity index and sample size was examined. The diversity index changed with the sample size, and the range of the variation diminished as the sample size increased. However, equilibrium was not reached even in the largest sample size used in this study (20 samples). There was a significantly high correlation (P〈0.001) in diversity index between the smaller sample sizes (5, 10, 15) and the largest. It was, therefore, shown that community structures can be compared on the basis of the diversity indices from samples of constant size, even when the samples are small.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1189-1203 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Defensive secretion ; egg defense ; allomones ; Salix ; salicin ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; monoterpenes ; salicylaldehyde
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Chemical defense in chrysomelid larvae (subtribe Chrysomelina and Phyllodectina) is reviewed. Most species secrete autogenous monoterpenes. The diversity of their secretion is interpreted as a mechanism to reduce adaptation by predacious arthropods. The consequences of a host plant shift to the Salicacae are explored. Salicin from these host plants is used as a precursor for the salicylaldehyde secreted by the larvae of many species. This offers several advantages. It provides the larvae with an inexpensive and efficient defense. The recovery of the glucose moiety of the salicin contributes significantly to the larval energy budget. Adults sequester salicin in the eggs at concentrations which are toxic to ants. Owing to this maternal provisioning, neonate larvae produce salicylaldehyde from hatching onwards, whereas other species secreting monoterpenes are not protected at hatching. The secretion of salicylaldehyde by different species is considered to be chemical mimicry reinforcing visual aposematic signals.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; cigarette beetle ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; anhydroserricornin ; 2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Reinvestigation of the pheromonal activity of anhydroserricornin, (2S,3S)-2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, showed that the magnitude of its activity was less than 1/103 of that of serricornin, 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetleLasioderma serricorne (F.). Neither a synergistic nor an inhibitory effect of anhydroserricornin addition on the action of serricornin was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 687-699 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ; Acalymma vittatum ; indole ; Cucurbita maxima ; electroantennogram ; floral volatile ; Chrysomelidae ; Cucurbitaceae ; Coleoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Fractionation of headspace volatiles fromCucurbita maxima blossoms by high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a single component which was highly active in an electroantennogram bioassay onDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi antennae. This compound was identified as indole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Field-trapping bioassays were conducted which indicated that indole is a potent attractant of the western corn rootworm,D. virgifera virgifera, and the striped cucumber beetle,Acalymma vittatum. The southern corn rootworm,D. u. howardi, did not respond, despite its strong EAG response. The sex ratio ofD. v. virgifera found in indole-baited traps varied seasonally. Males were trapped in abundance in late July and later September, 1983, while females were more abundant August and early September. The effectiveness of indole as aD. v. virgifera attractant also varied seasonally. A prolonged period of depressed trap catches occurred in early August 1983, during the silking and tasseling period of the corn in the field where trapping was carried out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1603-1621 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Mountain pine beetle ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; electroantennograms ; pheromones ; kairomones ; inhibitors ; host selection ; aggregation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained forD. ponderosae to the bark beetle pheromonestrans-verbenol,cis-verbenol,exo-brevicomin,endo-brevicomin, frontalin, verbenone; to the kairomones, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, myrcene; to a blend (1∶1∶1) oftrans-verbenol,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene; and to diacetone-alcohol. Male and female responses, in general, did not differ significantly over the whole EAG dose-response curves but differed at a few concentrations on many of the curves. There were more differences noted for pheromones than kairomones. The blend yielded among the largest EAGs in both sexes and appeared to show synergism. Responses of females were lower than those for males in most instances. Significant differences in responses by the two sexes were much fewer for the kairomones than the pheromones. EAG recovery rates tested at only one concentration showed significant differences between males and females for three pheromones,trans-verbenol,cis-verbenol, and verbenone, and two kairomones, camphene and Δ-3-carene. Thresholds were quite low for most of the odorants exceptcis-verbenol, camphene, verbenone, and diacetone-alcohol in females, andcis-verbenol, verbenone, α-pinene, and diacetone-alcohol in males. The results, using at least one EAG parameter, support behavioral and field studies involvingexo-brevicomin,trans-verbenol, frontalin, and the blend.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; cigarette beetle ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; inhibitory action of diastereoisomer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract By adding the effects of a series of the stereoisomers to the pheromonal activity of serricornin, (4S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetleLasioderma serricorne (F.) was investigated. The experiments using synthetic enantiomeric mixtures and optically active stereoisomers showed that the (4S,6S,7R)-isomer inhibited significantly the pheromonal activity of serricornin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Hylurgopinus rufipes ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; sesquiterpenes ; host attractants ; Dutch elm disease ; kairomone ; pheromone ; elm bark beetles ; Ulmus americana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Hylurgopinus rufipes male and female beetles were attracted to American elms infected with Dutch elm disease, and to American elms killed by injection of cacodylic acid.H. rufipes was also attracted to solvent extracts of elm, or to Porapak Q-trapped volatiles from elm. The major components of attractive fractions of Porapak Q-trapped volatiles were isolated, identified, and tested in field bioassays. Several artificially compounded mixtures of sesquiterpenes were attractive toH. rufipes, although no bait tested was as attractive as diseased tree controls. Laboratory bioassays withH. rufipes were marginally successful. In laboratory bioassays, nine of 14 sequiterpenes identified from active fractions of Porapak extracts elicited significant response fromScolytus multistriatus male and female beetles: δ- and γ-cadinene, α-cubebene, γ-muurolene, and β-elemene were most active. However, in field tests, none of the sesquiterpenes alone or in combination significantly attractedS. multistriatus, nor did they significantly enhance the attraction ofS. multistriatus to female-produced pheromone components (4-methyl-3-heptanol [H] and α-multistriatin [M]). In other field tests, α-cubebene (C) significantly enhanced response ofS. multistriatus to H plus M, but foliage, logs, or chips of healthy elm did not enhance trap catch to HMC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 647-658 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Perennial ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; Gramineae ; Argentine stem weevil ; Listronotus bonariensis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Acremonium loliae ; Acremonium coenophialum ; endophyte ; bioassay ; induced resistance ; feeding deterrent ; peramine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Infection of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by an endophytic fungus (Acremonium loliae) confers resistance against the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). Extracts from ryegrass clones, infected and uninfected withA. loliae, were compared in a feeding choice bioassay, and several fractions were identified which affected stem weevil feeding behavior. One stem weevil feeding deterrent, peramine C12H17N5O, has been isolated from infected ryegrass and partially characterized as a basic indole derivative. Extracts from culturedA. loliae had no effect on stem weevil feeding behavior nor was peramine detected in the fungal cultures examined. Peramine and the other active substances are hydrophilic in contrast to the lipophilic properties reported for the neurotoxic lolitrems also isolated from ryegrass infected withA. loliae and associated with causing ryegrass staggers disorder in livestock. It is suggested that ryegrass staggers and stem weevil feeding deterrency may arise by different biochemical mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1407-1415 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Silphidae ; Necrodes surinamensis ; carrion beetle ; monoterpenes ; iridoids ; necrodols ; defensive secretion ; insect repellent ; insect irritant ; bioassay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Two compounds recently isolated from the defensive gland ofNecrodes surinamensis, α-and β-necrodol, first representatives of a new category of monoterpenes (the necrodanes), are shown to be repellent to ants and other insects and irritating to cockroaches and flies. The compounds doubtless play a defensive role inNecrodes. The possible long-range applied significance of research on insect repellents is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus frontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ceratocystis minor ; Pinus ; bark beetle ; fungus ; defense ; monoterpenes ; soluble sugars ; resin flow ; hypersensitive lesion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Loblolly and shortleaf pine growing on a single site in the North Carolina piedmont were examined to determine similarities and differences in their defensive mechanisms against the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and its fungal associate,Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt. Both species responded to wounding and fungal inoculation by forming a hypersensitive lesion around the wound site. There were significantly less soluble sugars and more monoterpenes in the lesion tissue than in unwounded inner bark. The two species were similar in resin flow rate and inner bark soluble sugar content, but the loblolly pines had thicker bark, longer hypersensitive lesions, and a higher concentration of inner bark monoterpenes. Inner bark monoterpene composition was also significantly different between the two pine species. It is hypothesized that two different defensive strategies against southern pine beetle attack may be utilized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 741-747 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cantharidin ; defense ; chemical ; vesicant ; antifeedant ; Heliocis repanda ; Oxycopis thoracica ; Coleoptera ; Oedemeridae ; sexual dimorphism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Cantharidin, a potent vesicant and antifeedant, is identified for the first time in two oedemerid beetles from the western hemisphere. Amounts of the substance per beetle were found to range from 2 to 7 μg inHeliocis repanda and from 15 to 35 μg inOxycopis thoracica. Females had two to three times more cantharidin than males of the same species. Cantharidin loads of these beetles are sufficient to irritate human skin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 91-98 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Boll weevil ; pheromone ; host odor ; olfactometer ; preference ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; cotton ; behavior ; bioassay ; orientation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of male and female boll weevils to the aggregation pheromone, grandlure, and the major volatile of cotton, β-bisabolol, were investigated using a new dual-choice olfactometer. Dosage-response experiments revealed both males and females to be attracted by the aggregation pheromone at the 1.0 μg dosage. However, only males were attracted to β-bisabolol (1.0 μg). Both sexes were repelled by the highest dosage ofβ-bisabolol tested (10 μg). In preference experiment, males chose grandlure over β-bisabolol, while both sexes chose the combination of grandlure + β-bisabolol over β-bisabolol alone. There was some evidence for synergism between pheromone and plant odor for the females. The results correlate well with previous electrophysiological and behavioral experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus ponderosae ; bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; myrcene ; aggregation pheromones ; ipsdienol ; myrcenol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Male mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, produced ipsdienol [97.0% ± 0.3S-(+)] and myrcenol (90.3% ± 4.0E) when exposed to myrcene vapors. Females which were exposed to myrcene vapors did not produce any ipsdienol, but did produce low levels of myrcenol (98.0% ± 0.7E). Neither sex produced detectable levels of ipsdienol or myrcenol when fed for 24 hr on lodgepole pine,Pinus contorta var.latifolia Engelmann. The sex-specific conversion of myrcene to ipsdienol and myrcenol suggests that these compounds may have behavioral significance within the species. In addition, the S-(+)-ipsdienol produced by maleD. ponderosae probably functions as a repellent allomone againstIps pini (Say).
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1057-1070 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cellulases ; xylophagy ; cellulolysis ; acquired enzymes ; nutritional ecology ; Monochamus marmorator ; Trichoderma harzianum ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Moniliaceae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the balsam fir sawyer,Monochamus marmorator Kby. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), contain midgut digestive enzymes active against hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulases from larvae fed on balsam fir wood infected with the fungus,Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Deuteromycetes, Moniliales, Moniliaceae), were found to be identical to those of the cellulase complex produced by this fungus when compared using chromatography, electrophoresis, and isofocusing. When larvae are maintained on a fungus-free diet, their midgut fluids lack cellulolytic activity, and they are unable to digest cellulose. Cellulolytic capacity can be restored by feeding the larvae wood permeated by fungi. We conclude that the enzymes which enableM. marmorator larvae to digest cellulose are not produced by the larvae. Instead, the larvae acquire the capacity to digest cellulose by ingesting active fungal cellulases while feeding in fungus-infected wood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1109-1124 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Rootworm beetle ; Diabrotica spp ; Aulacophora spp ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Cucurbita spp ; Cucumis spp ; cucurbitacin, allomone ; kairomone ; Chinese mantis ; Tenodera aridifolia sinensis ; predator ; Orthoptera ; Mantidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The cucurbitacins are oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoids produced as secondary plant compounds by nearly all genera of Cucurbitaceae. The very bitter and toxic cucurbitacins are effective semiochemicals acting ecologically as allomones to protect the Cucurbitaceae from attack by a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. For the Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) the cucurbitacins have become kairomones for host selection, affecting the behavior of this large group of 1500 species of Aulacophorina (Old World) and Diabroticina (New World) by arrest and compulsive feeding. When feeding on bitter cucurbits these beetles sequester large amounts of cucurbitacins in their blood and tissues, and these act as allomones to deter predation. Specific detoxification and excretory mechanisms of the Diabroticina enable these beetles to avoid the toxic effects of the cucurbitacins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1587-1601 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Pissodes ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; cross-attraction ; synomone ; reproductive isolation ; grandisol ; grandisal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Pissodes strobi, P. approximatus, andP. nemorensis are sibling species of pine weevils that can hybridize in the laboratory but are presumed to be reproductively isolated in nature. Males of all three species produce the terpenoids grandisol and grandisal; these compounds serve as an aggregation pheromone forP. approximatus andP. nemorensis when deployed with odors from pine bolts. A series of field experiments examined the possibility of cross-attraction among the three species. Tests in New York and Florida found that parapatrically distributedP. approximatus andP. nemorensis were cross-attractive, but different photoperiodic conditioning was required for pheromone production in males of the two species. Long-day pheromone production (P. approximatus-type.) was inherited in interspecific hybrids. Other tests showed thatP. strobi males, or hybrid males from crosses ofP. strobi withP. approximatus, were not attractive to sympatricP. approximatus. When the response ofP. strobi was assessed to males of eitherP. strobi orP. approximatus confined on white pine leaders (the breeding site ofP. strobi), no evidence of cross-attraction or pheromone activity was found;P. strobi were caught in equal numbers onP. strobi-baited leaders,P. approximatus-baited leaders, and unbaited leaders. Tests of interspecific interactions found that maleP. strobi produce an allelochemical signal that interrupts the response ofP. approximatus to its natural or synthetic aggregation pheromone. This interspecific response is apparently adaptive for members of both species (classified as an allomone-kairomone or synomone) because it may ultimately serve to prevent interspecific matings that would lower the fitness of the parents.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1145-1156 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): l-Canavanine ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Caryedes brasiliensis ; Dioclea megacarpa ; Leguminosae ; Sternechus tuberculatus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Curculionidae ; Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; allelochemicals ; toxicology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract l-Canavanine manifests potent insecticidal properties in a canavanine-sensitive insect such as the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae). Investigations of the biochemical basis for the antimetabolic properties of this arginine analog reveal that it is activated and aminoacylated by arginyl tRNA synthetase and incorporated into the nascent polypeptide chain. This creates structurally aberrant, canavanine-containing proteins that can possess altered physicochemical properties. Evidence is presented in studies with the tobacco hornworm; the canavanine-adapted bruchid beetle,Caryedes brasiliensis (Bruchidae) and the weevil,Sternechus tuberculatus (Curculionidae); as well as the canavanine-resistant larvae ofHeliothis virescens [Noctuidae] to support the contention that formation of aberrant, canavanyl proteins produce deleterious biological effects and is a significant basis for canavanine's antimetabolic properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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