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  • Engineering  (1,095)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (1,095)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1988  (598)
  • 1986  (497)
Collection
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (1,095)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A different view of the assumed stress hybrid method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A somewhat unconventional, yet simple, derivation of the assumed stress hybrid formulation is presented in which its relationship with displacement and stress-based finite element models is demonstrated. This gives insight into the hybrid method and shows that it represents a least energy fit of an equilibrium stress field to a displacement model strain field. By this means the attributes of both fields may be exploited in extending the analysis scope of hybrid models.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new nine node degenerated shell element with enhanced membrane and shear interpolation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 73-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new nine node degenerated shell element is presented in this paper. In the formulation of the new element, an enhanced interpolation of the transverse shear strains in the natural co-ordinate system is used to overcome the shear locking problem, and an enhanced interpolation of the membrane strains in the local Cartesian co-ordinate system is applied to avoid membrane locking behaviour. It is shown that the resulting element has the requisite number of zero eigenvalues and associated rigid body modes. The element does not exhibit membrane or shear locking for large span/thickness ratios. To illustrate the good performance of the new element some examples are presented including comparisons with the behaviour of the selectively integrated Lagrangian degenerated shell elements.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on the linear elastic stability of Mindlin plates (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 117-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The debate on the performance of Lagrangian and Serendipity elements in Mindlin's plate theory has been going on for quite some time. Limited published results for static and vibration analysis based on exact integration demonstrated a drastic deterioration in accuracy as the thickness of the plate decreases, and reduced/selective integration schemes have been suggested to improve their performance. Appreciable improvement for Lagrangian elements has been recorded, but it is only marginal for the Serendipity elements. On the strength of such observations one would then be tempted to rule out the exact integration schemes and Serendipity elements.In this paper, the above problem is reviewed for stability analysis of plates. Two elements are chosen from each family, one representing the higher order and the other the lower order element. Contrary to published results, all elements can attain very accurate solutions independent of the integration schemes for a sufficiently restrained plate, although in general the Serendipity elements will require a more refined mesh than the Lagrangian ones. However, for loosely restrained plates, the solution failed when integration is performed by reduced/selective schemes. The failure marks the limitation of the reduced/selective schemes which have somehow introduced spurious modes into the system, but on the other hand it is ironical that these spurious modes in fact contribute to the improvement of performance of the restrained cases. Therefore, one can equally improve the Serendipity elements by a selective scheme which can introduce additional zero modes. A scheme based on (5 × 5) integration points for flexural stiffness and (3 × 3) integration points for shear stiffness improved the 17SE (Serendipity elements) remarkably. However, because of the lack of bounds in most cases, the use of reduced/selected schemes is still not recommended. Finally, this paper also proposed an approximate formulation of the geometric stiffness matrices to replace the full formulation. Such an approximate formulation reduces the number of variables considerably in the eigenvalue search and can still give reasonably accurate results for thin plates with a/t 〉 15.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultimate load behaviour of reinforced concrete plates and shells under dynamic transient loading (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 189-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper considers a layered thick shell finite element procedure for determining the dynamic transient nonlinear response of plates and shells. The degenerated three-dimensional isoparametric shell element with independent rotational and translational degrees-of-freedom is employed and a layered formulation is adopted to represent the steel reinforcement and to simulate progressive concrete cracking through the thickness. The dynamic yielding function is assumed to be a function of the current strain rate, in addition to being total plastic strain or work dependent. The concrete model also simulates both compressive crushing and tensile cracking behaviours and an implicit Newmark algorithm is employed for time integration of the equations of motion. Several numerical examples are presented for both slab and shell structures and the results obtained compared with those from other sources wherever available.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Program structure and architecture for a finite element machine (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Superproblems in finite elements require either general-purpose or special-purpose computing machines whose capabilities are very much greater than those currently existing. The advantage of the latter type of machine is that it can be highly optimized for the particular class of problem for which it is designed and can, in principle, for a given generation of hardware, be designed to operate at a higher speed than a corresponding general-purpose computer. The Parallel Finite Element Machine (PARFEM) investigated at the University of Calgary has an architecture based on the finite element computational algorithms and employs a combination of parallel and vector processing. The overall architecture and program structure is described and the major design considerations outlined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Preface (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inverse method for the design of axisymmetric optimal diffusers (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 377-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An inverse inviscid-boundary-layer interaction scheme is presented for the optimal design of axisymmetric ducts for subsonic, rotational flows. Distribution of the shape factor H on the duct wall, giving minimum total pressure loss and maximum static pressure rise, is used as boundary condition for the inverse integral boundary-layer solution, to obtain the velocity and displacement thickness distributions on the wall. Vector addition of the inviscid core radius, derived from the solution of the inverse inviscid flow equations, and the displacement thickness produces the desired duct shape.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    A natural formulation for the solution of two-dimensional or axisymmetric inverse problems (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 451-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Computer simulation of crash phenomena (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 497-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper summarizes preliminary work on crash analysis25-27 performed on an extended finite element model as provided by the nonlinear LARSTRAN program package at ICA. The essential methodology is evolved along the natural finite element approach. Also overviewed are solution techniques for the nonlinear equations of motion. The application of a simple folding mechanism is indicated and crashworthiness computations of car structures are described.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Shallow water problems: A general explicit formulation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 547-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present in this paper a general formulation for shallow water equations which is capable of solving problems of induced harbour oscillation, tidal flow, tsunami propagation, dispersion of pollutant, etc.The shallow water equations are written in a novel fully conservative form. The solution algorithm is based on an explicit time integration procedure which exploits the conservative properties of the governing equations and incorporates accurate treatment of convective terms without introduction of artificial damping. Its accuracy and low cost of computation make it attractive vis-à-vis existing procedures.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220305
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Thickness effects of CCT specimens (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 623-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: First, the three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses of 1CT and 18 mm thick CCT specimens are carried out by using the finite element method, and the thickness effects of both specimens are studied. In elastic states, there is no significant difference between the CT and CCT specimen in the distribution of the J-integral along the straight or curved crack front. However, in elasto-plastic states, quite the contrary tendency is obtained in the distributions of J x and COD along the curved crack front for both specimens. Secondly, elasto-plastic analyses are carried out for CCT specimens of four kinds of thickness (B = 200, 18, 6 and 4 mm). The distributions of the J-integral along the crack front are obtained and compared. Finally, the availability of the JR value is examined, which is evaluated from the load versus displacement curve by using Rice's formula.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220308
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    The patch test - a condition for assessing FEM convergence (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 39-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper discusses various forms of the Irons patch test and shows again that its satisfaction is a necessary convergence condition being equivalent to consistency, Further, it is shown that the test can be applied for verification of stability requirements, thus providing also a sufficient condition of convergence. The patch test is useful in testing the order of asymptotic convergence and the satisfaction of the test gives a guide for development of certain incompatible element forms.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    TRUNC for shells - an element possibly to the taste of Bruce Irons (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 93-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In his delightful and original textbook,18 Bruce Irons introduces the chapter of plate bending with the remark ‘History of disasters, but the pioneering days are past’. This is certainly true. On the other hand, we learn in the same context from Irons: ‘We believe that the world has not yet exhausted the older formulations.’ In this paper we present a review of theoretical aspects of the plate-bending triangle TRUNC (Reference 4), together with extensive tests in linear statics, dynamics, buckling and nonlinear large deformations both for plates and shells. The unconventional TRUNC model is based on the patch test, which was originated by Irons.1 In spite of its limited theoretical foundation, the performance of this element on a fairly broad field of applications appears at least from the practical point of view very satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220108
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Relations between incompatible displacement model and hybrid stress model (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An examination of the variational formulations confirms the similarity between the incompatible displacement model and the assumed stress hybrid model that was pointed out by Irons in 1972. But the basic differences between the two are also identified. For 8-node solid elements the assumed stress terms obtained through a rational procedure also agree with those deduced by Irons purely from his physical insight.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220112
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  • 15
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    A study of the efficiency of iterative methods for linear problems in structural mechanics (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of iterative methods in linear structural mechanics is studied. The efficiency concerns the calculation time, the numerical accuracy and the core storage needed. We state that iterative methods are effective in connection with hierarchical improvement of a primary approximation. Three iterative methods are studied: the conjugate gradient method preconditioned by a modified incomplete factorization matrix, the same method preconditioned by a matrix obtained from natural factors on elemental level, and a Jacobi integration preconditioned by viscous relaxation split in an element-by-element way. We make comparisons with direct methods, Gaussian elimination and factorization by use of natural factors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220115
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  • 16
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    Optimization in computer aided design, Ed. J. S. Gero, (Proceedings of I.F.I.P. Conference, Lyon, 1983), North Holland, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985 (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 169-169 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230113
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Conference diary (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 170-171 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230115
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Differentiating matrices for arbitrarily spaced grid points (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Differentiating matrices allow the numerical differentiation of functions defined at points of a discrete grid. Previous derivations of these matrices have been restricted to grids with uniformly spaced points, and the resulting derivative approximations have lacked precision, especially at endpoints. The present work derives differentiating matrices on grids with arbitrarily spaced points. It is shown that high accuracy can be achieved through use of differentiating matrices on non-uniform grids through the expedient of including ‘near- boundary’ points. Use of the differentiating matrix as an operator in the solution of problems involving ordinary differential equations is also considered.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230205
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  • 19
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    Conference diary (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 350-351 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230216
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  • 20
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    A total Lagrangian formulation for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures using finite elements. Part II: Arches, frames and axisymmetric shells (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 253-274 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230209
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  • 21
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    Structural optimization: A new dual method using mixed variables (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 409-428 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new and powerful mathematical programming method is described, which is capable of solving a broad class of structural optimization problems. The method employs mixed direct/reciprocal design variables in order to get conservative, first-order approximations to the objective function and to the constraints. By this approach the primary optimization problem is replaced with a sequence of explicit subproblems. Each subproblem being convex and separable, it can be efficiently solved by using a dual formulation. An attractive feature of the new method lies in its inherent tendency to generate a sequence of steadily improving feasible designs. Examples of application to real-life aerospace structures are offered to demonstrate the power and generality of the approach presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230307
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  • 22
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    Conference diary (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 523-524 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230314
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  • 23
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230401
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Nozzle design using an iterative Dirichlet approach (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 481-494 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220213
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  • 25
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    Preface (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220302
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  • 26
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    Hydrostatic loading and stability analysis of structures with large displacements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 575-595 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method for the computation of hydrostatic forces on cable, truss, beam, plate and shell type structures is presented. A general large displacement formulation is assumed which allows for displacements and rotations of unlimited size. Equilibrating forces for nodal points as well as incremental force-displacement relationships are given. Various ways of making the geometric load matrix symmetric for incremental analysis is discussed. Alternative strategies for the incremental-iterative solution is also treated. A method for the determination of the hydrostatic stability of floating structures is suggested. Metacentres and centres of buoyancy for rotations about principal axes in the water plane are automatically computed. The paper presents three examples of applications: a pipe which is partially submerged, a full overturning of a floating space frame and, finally, a hydrostatic stability analysis of a ship.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220306
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    A new triangular discrete Kirchhoff plate/shell element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 453-470 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present a new 6-node triangular bending element (called DKTP) based on a discrete Kirchhoff model. A corresponding new flat-shell element, DLTP, having quadratic variation of in-plane displacement is also presented. This element has 6 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w, θx, θy, θz) at each corner node and 3 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w) at each mid-side node. Detailed numerical experimentation is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of these elements.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230310
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  • 28
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    Finite layer analysis of layered elastic materials using a flexibility approach. Part 2 - Circular and rectangular loadings (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 959-978 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite layer techniques introduced in Part 1 of this paper are extended to allow the analysis of circular or general loadings applied to horizontally layered anisotropic materials. The analysis is considerably simplified through the use of Hankel transforms (circular loadings) and double Fourier transformations (general loadings).Once again an exact flexibility matrix is found for each finite layer, and it is shown that this flexibility matrix has precisely the same form whether the loading is a strip, circular or general loading. The flexibility matrix has the advantage of not becoming singular for incompressible materials as is the case for the stiffness matrices used in a conventional finite strip analysis.Examples are given of the behaviour of circular and general (rectangular) loadings applied to multilayered anisotropic materials. It is also shown by means of an example, that the method is extremely useful for analysis of problems involving incompressible materials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230515
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    Advanced boundary element analysis of two- and three-dimensional problems of elasto-plasticity (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 985-1002 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An advanced formulation of the boundary element method has been developed for inelastic analysis based on an initial stress approach. The iterative solution algorithm makes use of an accelerated initial stress approach in which the past history of initial stresses are used to obtain an initial estimate for the current increment. In the present analysis the geometry and functions are represented by higher order (quadratic) shape functions to model complex geometries and rapid functional variations accurately. The methods of numerical integration of the kernels, particularly the singular type, are substantially improved by devising suitable automatic sub-segmentation routines that incorporate the recent developments in mapping procedures. The formulations have been implemented for two-dimensional plane stress, plane strain and three-dimensional elasto-plasticity problems.
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    Hybrid finite difference/finite element solution method development for non-linear superconducting magnet and electrical circuit breakdown transient analysis (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1003-1022 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem of non-linear superconducting magnet and electrical protection circuit system transients is formulated. To enable studying the effects of coil normalization transients, coil distortion (due to imbalanced magnetic forces), internal coil arcs and shorts, and other normal and off-normal circuit element responses, the following capabilities are included: temporal, voltage and current-dependent voltage sources, current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. The concept of self-mutual inductance, and the form of the associated inductance matrix, is discussed for internally shorted coils. This is a Kirchhoff's voltage loop law and Kirchhoff's current node law formulation. The non-linear integrodifferential equation set is solved via a unique hybrid finite difference/integral finite element technique.
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    Incomplete factorization for finite element methods (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1101-1109 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An incomplete factorization iterative scheme with ORTHOMIN acceleration is evaluated for three-dimensional finite element applications. Both heat conduction and combined heat and fluid flow are investigated. Computational efficiency is investigated for both linear (8 node) and quadratic (27 node) elements as well as for various degrees of LU Decomposition. The factorization schemes worked well with both types of elements, and a variable factorization scheme, which distributes the level of factorization, performed well on difficult heat and fluid flow problems.
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    Boundary value techniques for finite element solutions of the diffusion-convection equation (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1145-1159 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper, the formulation of six-point and nine-point finite element equations for the solution of the diffusion-convection equation is presented. The six-point equation requires the solution of a tridiagonal system of equations and the nine-point centred equation is treated as a solution of a boundary value problem which leads to a large linear system of equations.Some numerical experiments are presented and the comparison with existing methods is included.
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    Developments in boundary element methods 3, P. K. Banerjee and S. Mukherjee (eds), Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London and New York, 1984. No. of pages: 313 (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1195-1196 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230614
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    A field-consistent two-noded curved axisymmetric shell element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1245-1261 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The efficiency of a field-consistent two-noded linear curved axisymmetric shear-flexible shell element is shown to be due to the removal of both shear and membrane locking. Typical applications illustrate how the field-consistent representation dramatically improves performance, and allows greater flexibility in tailoring element design to satisfy specific problem needs.
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    Dynamic optimization of framed structures with variable layout (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1273-1294 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a solution to the problem of dynamic optimization of framed structures for which the design variables are not only the sizes of the members but also the positions of the joints. The optimal design obtained is the least weight design which satisfies a specific frequency requirement plus upper and lower bounds on the design variables. The design algorithm is an iterative solution of the Kuhn-Tucker optimality criterion. The procedure is to modify an initial design to first obtain the desired fundamental frequency and then, while this frequency is held constant, to minimize the weight.The most important features of the algorithm are (a) a small number of design iterations is needed to reach an optimal or near-optimal design, (b) structural elements with a wide variety of size-stiffness may be used.The design procedure is illustrated with some numerical examples. The results show that the method is rapidly convergent and the optimized configurations are determined in a small number of redesign cycles. The procedure has been completely automated in a computer program on the HP 45 desk-top computer.
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    Reduction method for the non-linear analysis of symmetric anisotropic panels (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1329-1341 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Reduction method and computational procedures are presented for reducing the size of the analysis model and the number of degrees of freedom used in predicting the non-linear response of symmetric anisotropic panels. The two key elements of the method are (a) operator splitting, or decomposition of the characteristic arrays of the finite element model into sums of orthotropic and non-orthotropic contributions, (b) application of a reduction method through the successive use of the finite element method and the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The finite element method is first used to generate a small number of global approximation vectors (or modes). Then the amplitudes of these modes are computed by using the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique.The global approximation vectors are selected to be those commonly used in single (or multiple) parameter perturbation techniques, namely a non-linear solution corresponding to zero non-orthotropic arrays and a number of its derivatives with respect to an anisotropic tracing parameter (and possibly, to a load or arc-length parameter in the solution space). The size of the analysis model used in generating the global approximation vectors is identical to that of the corresponding orthotropic structure.The effectiveness of the proposed reduction method is demonstrated by means of a numerical example, and its potential for solving quasi-symmetric non-linear problems of anisotropic panels is discussed.
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    Spatial discretization of hyperbolic equations with periodic solutions (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1395-1406 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: We investigate the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic equations for which the frequencies of the main Fourier components in the solution are located in a given frequency interval. Difference formulae for the spatial derivatives are constructed that are tuned to the given intervals of frequencies. Numerical examples illustrating these special discretizations are given both for linear and non-linear problems.
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    Numerical solution of constrained non-linear algebraic equations (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1455-1481 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical solution of n non-linear algebraic equations with n unknowns, when any or all of the variables are subjected to constraints, is discussed. Distinction is made between physical and absolute constraints. It is shown, using a set of test problems, that solution of constrained equations does require a special approach. It is found that the step length restricted Newton's method performs best for problems with absolute constraints. Physical constraints can be best handled using a continuation method or penalty functions.
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    A restricted hybrid stress formulation based on a direct finite element method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1495-1508 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A direct method, which uses stress and displacement modes obtained from the governing equations of a problem, is adopted for finite element formulation. It is shown that this method actually leads to a restricted hybrid stress formulation if the displacement modes are changed to ensure symmetry of the stiffness matrix. Through this direct method, however, the problem of selecting the appropriate number of stress modes in the regular hybrid stress model is bypassed. Only the minimum number of modes that are compatible with the number of nodal degrees-of-freedom of an element is needed in the formulation. Using more modes only leads to a combination of stress modes, and will not improve the order of performance of the element. It is shown through numerical examples that the restricted hybrid stress formulation leads to well-balanced elements.
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    Dynamic response of rigid strip-foundations by a time-domain boundary element method (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1547-1565 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The dynamic response of rigid strip-foundations placed on or embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic half-space under conditions of plane strain to either external forces or obliquely incident seismic waves of arbitrary time variation is numerically obtained. The above mixed boundary-value problems are treated by the time domain boundary element method which is used in a step-by-step timewise fashion to provide the foundation response to a rectangular impulse. Numerical examples are presented in detail to demonstrate the use and importance of the proposed method. The method appears to be more advantageous than frequency domain techniques, because it provides the transient foundation response in a natural and direct way and can form the basis for extension to the non-linear case.
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    Announcements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1582-1582 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230814
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    A new efficient approach to the formulation of mixed finite element models for structural analysis (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1629-1641 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new mixed finite element formulation is developed based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain. By dividing the assumed strain into its lower order and higher order parts, the new formulation can be made much more efficient than the conventional mixed formulation. In addition the present new approach provides an alternative way of introducing a stabilization matrix to suppress undesirable kinematic modes.
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    Minimum weight design of cylindrical water tanks (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1679-1691 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper deals with the minimum weight design of cylindrical water tanks. The design is to conform to BS5337. The design procedure used is a combination of the finite element analysis of structures and a numerical method of optimization. In the design, the internal radius and the height of the tank are fixed and the variation of wall thickness is treated as the unknown of the design. Only piecewise linear variations of thickness are considered. Results of some examples are presented and discussed.
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    Finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of circular plates (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1715-1726 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Geometric non-linearities for large amplitude free and forced vibrations of circular plates are investigated. In-plane displacement and in-plane inertia are included in the formulation. The finite element method is used. An harmonic force matrix for non-linear forced vibration analysis is introduced and derived. Various out-of-plane and in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The relations of amplitude and frequency ratio for different boundary conditions and various load conditions are presented.
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    Conforming versus non-conforming boundary elements in three-dimensional elastostatics (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1885-1904 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this work, we present a critical comparison of two basic ways of implementing the boundary element method in three-dimensional elastostatics. The first way is by using non-conforming elements, i.e. elements which have the collocation nodes removed from their perimeter. The number of nodes used for the collocation of the boundary tractions and displacements need not coincide with the number of nodes placed along the perimeter of the element for the purpose of describing the geometry. The second way is by placing the collocation nodes along the perimeter of the element, usually in coincidence with the geometry nodes. Thus, interelement continuity of the displacements is obtained. The basic reasons for the use of non-conforming elements in the boundary element method are twofold. First, simplification in the assembly and solution of the system equations and, secondly, easy computation of the ‘free’ and Cauchy principal value terms appearing in the integral equations. The state of the art in the boundary element method, however, has advanced in the last decade to the point where both of the aforementioned reasons are no longer problematic. As will be shown in what follows, conforming elements are able to produce more accurate results than non-conforming ones with substantial economy in the final size of the system equations.
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    Derivation of Lagrangian and Hermitian shape functions for quadrilateral elements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1939-1958 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces a general theory for the derivation of the shape functions for the quadrilateral family of finite elements. The first section deals with the Lagrangian shape functions for the cases of uniform and boundary-described elements. Two basic procedures are introduced; the first by linear combinations of side-interpolations and the second by superposition. The remainder of the paper introduces a theory for the general uniform Hermitian element of any order. Details for quadrilateral elements, with first order derivatives are explained. All of the shape functions presented here were derived in the interval [0,1].The shape functions, developed by such an engineering approach, have been used successfully in the ABSEA Finite Element System of Cranfield Institute of Technology.
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    Announcements (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1971-1972 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231201
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    Announcement (1986)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. I 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250101
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    Error estimation and adaptivity in flow formulation for forming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 23-42 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: A very simple and reliable error estimator has recently been developed for problems of linear elasticity.1 This leads naturally toa predication of an h-mesh refinement required for a given accuracy and with a suitable mesh generator2 for an efficient adaptive process. In this paper we extend the methodology developed previously to incompresible plastic flow of metals or polymers using the ‘flow formulation’ approach.3The examples of application include steady state extrusion problems for which exact solutions are available and hence allow the efficiency of the error estimates to be tested as well as more complex problems of upsetting in which the mesh is updated. It is found that the estimator performs well under various circumstances and provides an economical adaptive process.
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    Ignition phase transition of a polymer: Convective exposure (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 373-386 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    Notes: The ignition of a semi-infinite solid polymer under convective exposure is investigated. A quasi-steady approximation is used for the gas phase and the transient effect is accounted for in the solid phase only. Both surface and gas phase chemical reactions are included simultaneously. The ignition mechanism is studied in terms of the concurrent heat transfer, mass transfer, mass transfer and chemical processes at the surface as well as in the gas phase. The gas phase governing equations are integrated independently from the solid phase energy equation using the Adams-Moulton subroutine. Corrections to the iterative procedure are carried out by establishing a set of perturbation equations and using the Newton-Raphson and least-squares methods. The results indicate that ignition occurs in the heterogeneous mode within a narrow range of low flow velocities and high temperatures. An ignition phase transition point exists, and within a wide range of high flow velocities, ignition switches to the homogeneous mode.
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    Shape design sensitivity analysis for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solids and shape optimization by the BEM (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 109-120 
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    Notes: Shape design sensitivity analysis (SDSA) expressions have been derived for non-linear anisotropic heat conducting solid bodies by following the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method of optimal shape design given in the literature. The variation of a general integral functional has been described in terms of primary and adjoint quantities evaluated at the varying boundaries. As an example problem in shape optimization, optimal outer boundary profiles of an orthotropic solid body are obtained by the boundary element method (BEM), after reformulating the SDSA equations in a form which is most suitable for the BEM.
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    Analyses of steady-state visco-elastic fluids using the penalty function method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 43-54 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The application of the penalty-function formulation of the finite element method is made possible for analysing visco-elastic fluid flows by the method which decouples the momentum and continuity equations from the constitutive equation. An upwind finite element scheme is combined with the method in order to solve the constitutive equation. As visco-elastic fluid models, Jaumann derivative, upper and lower convected derivatives are considered. The Poiseuille flow and the flow through a plane converging channel are analysed.
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    Approximate methods for analysing the cold drawing of polymeric fibres and films (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 99-112 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Approximate methods for analysing steady-state cold drawing processes in polymer forming are discussed. These methods are applied to both axisymmetric and plane-strain drawing. The cold drawing process is associated with steady-state neck propagation along the specimen. Modifications are introduced in the approximate steady-state analysis which reflect the neck initiation and localization phases prior to steady-state drawing. This is accomplished without resorting to an analysis of the entire load-deformation history of the process. Finite element results are also presented and compared with those of the proposed approximate analyses. These comparisons show the approximate analysis to be an extremely efficient and quite accurate computational scheme for the analysis of steady-state cold drawing processes.
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    Analysis of stress and strain distributions in slab rolling using an elastic-plastic finite-element method (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The cold rolling of rectangular section slabs is analysed for a range of width-to-height ratios (one to three) for which spread of the workpiece is appreciable. This necessitates the use of a three-dimensional model. An elastic-plastic finite-element method is used to provide a complete description of the slab rolling process.The pressure distribution at the workpiece/roll interface is found to show the typical ‘friction-hill’ observed in near-plane-strain experiments, but the pressure varies across the width of the interface. The shear-stress distribution at the roll interface provides detailed information about the ‘neutral line’ which is usually assumed to occur where the shear stress changes direction. The 3-D analysis shows clearly that there is a flow divide in both longitudinal and transverse directions.
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    Numerical simulation of the densification behaviour of metal powder during hot isostatic pressing (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 213-225 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is introduced which is based on metal flow theory and simulates the densification of metal powder during hot isostatic pressing.The method, in which nodal velocities are variables, takes into consideration the dependence of flow stress on the temperature, strain rate and relative density of the material. The compressibility of porous metal as well as the incompressibility of fully dense metal are also taken into account.Porous specimens of the superalloy MERL76 were subjected to uniaxial compression tests at high temperature in order to determine the parameters of the equations on which the method is based. The densification behaviour of a turbine disk and two cylindrical components was numerically simulated and compared with experimental results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250117
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    Preface (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250202
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    Coarse-fine mesh method for heat and mass transfer in locally complex flows (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 347-355 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Combined forced and free convective flows having locally complicated geometries or boundary conditions were numerically studied with a finite difference method of coarse and fine meshes. The coarse-and-fine mesh method developed can be used for numerical calculations of both unsteady and steady processes of heat and mass transfer in convective and diffusion flows which are strongly influenced by locally fine flows. The method was applied to a numerical calculation of the steady flow field of a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) reactor which has locally complicated flows caused by small inlet nozzles. The results of the calculation showed a considerable contribution of locally fine flows to the overall flow field, which is well predicted with the present method.
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    Thermal analysis of human body-clothing-environment system (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 357-371 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the solution of thermal comfort problems a coupled model is presented consisting of the thermal model of the human body and of the clothing, with boundary conditions of the third kind.For thermal modelling the human body is divided into 16 parts according to the special character of the internal heat generation, of the blood vessel system and of the sweat secretion mechanism. Part models are connected by the flow paths of arteries and veins.Transport phenomena in the clothing are treated by a coupled heat and mass transfer model which permits various kinds of clothing for the different parts of the body.The equation system of the full model has been solved numerically by using time stepping schemes. As the results of the computations an approximative temperature field of the human body is produced.Calculated results have been compared with Experimental data.
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    Finite element simulation of hot isostatic pressing of metal powders (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 191-212 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Rate form constitutive equations of elasto-viscoplastic type are expressed in a manner similar to that of classical metals, but the viscoplastic part, which is no longer incompressible, is related to the rate of variation of porosity. An incremental and implicit algorithm has been implemented in a finite element program in order to simulate hot isostatic pressing of an Astroloy powder. Temperature distributions are shown to induce strong density variations in real parts during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). For one particular turbine disk, we tested the sensitivity of the final shape to different processing parameters. Computed final shapes compare well with experimental ones.
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    Analysis of bending effects in sheet forming operations (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 253-267 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The majority of work in numerical analyses of sheet metal forming operations is based on the simple membrane-shell theory which neglects the effect of sheet bending. While useful information can be extracted from these analyses, especially for stretch-dominated operations, the membrane theory is basically inadequate for analysing the draw-type operations where sheet metal bends, slides and unbends over a draw radius.This paper presents axisymmetric and plane-strain finite element analyses of stretch/draw of sheet metal over a die corner radius. Numerical solutions obtained from a total Lagrangian formulation of a finite-strain thin shell theory are used to indicate the relative significance of including the bending effects in various simple forming operations. Comparisons of the calculated results with available experimental data are also given.
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    A finite element simulation of the sheet metal forming process (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 283-292 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element simulation code of the sheet metal forming process has been developed. This simulation code plays an important role in the computer aided engineering (CAE) system for an automobile parts forming process, which includes the pre- and post-processes. The paper presents the development of an updated Lagrangian type finite element modelling, based on the elastic-plastic (J2 flow law) membrane shell theory. An attempt is made to calculate the strain distribution incurred by peripherally clamped or non-clamped square plates when impressed by rigid punches. These are the cases of square box-shape punch drawing and arbitrary shaped panel stretch forming.
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    Punch stretching of sheet metal and differential equations on manifolds (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 269-282 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The goal of mathematical modelling of sheet metal forming processes is to provide predictive tools for use in the design of stamping processes and the selection of sheet materials. Most current approaches to finite element modelling of large deformation, elastic-plastic sheet metal forming problems use a rate form of the virtual work (equilibrium) equations, and a single-field finite element representation of the displacement components. Called the incremental method, this approach does not produce approximations which satisfy the discrete equilibrium equations at all times, and consequently it demands small time steps to insure stability and numerical accuracy. This paper describes a variant of the mixed method in which displacements, stresses, effective strain and pressures are all given separate finite element representations. The equilibrium equations in non-rate form are discretized to produce a system of algebraic equations which are coupled with the constitutive equations and then integrated using state-of-the-art numerical software. When used to model rate sensitive sheet materials in hydrostatic bulging, plane strain punch stretching and hemispherical punch stretching, the new approach proved to be between 6 and 26 times as fast as the old incremental method.
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    Buoyant flow calculations with non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates for vertical and horizontal parallelepiped enclosures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 331-345 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A control-volume-based finite-difference formulation is developed for heat transfer and fluid flow in arbitrary three-dimensional parallelepiped enclosures. The governing equations in Cartesian co-ordinates are first transformed to those in non-orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates by tensor transformations. After introducing the properties of the parallelepiped geometry, equations are obtained in the primitive variables for which all vectors and tensors are based on the curvilinear co-ordinates. With proper treatment of the heat flux and stress tensor terms, the finite-difference equations, analogous to those in the Cartesian coordinates, are formed. Examples are utilized to show the validity of the methodology and the results are found to compare well with existing experimental data. The differences in heat transfer and fluid flow inside parallelepiped enclosures and rectangular enclosures are delineated and discussed from a physical point of view.
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    Finite element analysis of turbulent forced convection in lid-driven rectangular cavities (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 313-329 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer in lid-driven rectangular cavities are analysed by a finite element procedure for the prediction of the turbulent forced convection in two-dimensional recirculating flows. The (k-ε) model is used to compute effective viscosities and thermal conductivities. The fluid flow and turbulence model parabolic equations are solved sequentially, one after the other. Then, the calculated velocity distribution is used in the solution of the steady state energy equation to yield the temperature field. Aspect ratios e=0·75, 1·0 and 1·5 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 5 × 104 to 4 × 105 are considered in the numerical examples.
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    Non-linear simulation of dendritic solidification of an undercooled melt (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 415-444 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional finite element simulations of solidification for quiescent undercooled pure metals are presented. The full non-linear, transient heat equation is used with phase front tracking which is subject to local curvature and interfacial kinetics. During early stages of the waveform instability the simulated solutions match the linear stability analysis with fidelity. Beyond the valid range of that analysis the numerical solution continues to demonstrate the physically observed exponential growth behaviour and characteristic spacing between fingers. Whereas the simulations show the sensitivity of dendritic growth to initial conditions, as expected for an unstable process, the overall pattern formation preserves the characteristic spacing. The simulations are terminated after the onset of bifurcation. Thereafter, the numerical model is inappropriate for physical comparison owing to the planar, two-dimensional limitation.
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    A regular indirect boundary element method for thermal analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 495-515 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A Regular Indirect Boundary Element formulation is developed following a weighted residual approach. In this formulation, the fictitious source density, which appears in the integral equations of the method, is distributed on a surface which is exteriorly separated from the physical field boundary of the problem. This approach does not require the evaluation of singular integrals and produces undeteriorated solutions at geometric discontinuities. The formulation is presented here as applied to two dimensional and axisymmetric thermal problems. It includes a different subregioning scheme which treats each subregion, of a multidomain problem, separately, thereby eliminating the need for a sophisticated reduction scheme.
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    Warping torsion in thin-walled open section beams using the semiloof beam element (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 231-243 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many structural members including metallic, reinforced polymer and concrete members must be modelled, in the simplest approximation, as thin-walled beams whose cross-sections exhibit significant, out-of-plane warping owing to torsion. The elastic capabilities of the semiloof beam element are extended to include warping torsion of thin-walled open section beams. The performance of the extended element is compared with that of the original formulation.
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    Masthead (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220101
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    The patch test for elements (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 63-71 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of convergence tests in general and the patch test in particular. Following a brief introduction, the patch test is described with examples. This, it is hoped, will help to remove any lingering misunderstanding of this very useful convergence test. Some positive contributions of the test in the formulation and improvement of elements are also discussed.
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    An assessment of the semiloof shell element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 133-151 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The semiloof shell element is the final product of years of research by Professor Irons and his colleagues, during which period the three-dimensional quadratic displacement isoparametric elements were successively modified into Ahmad thick shells, then eventually, using discrete Kirchhoff hypotheses, into the thin semiloof shells. The retention of curved sides and midside nodes retains the familiar appearance of the two- and three-dimensional isoparametric families, which enables ease of use with existing pre- and post-processing facilities. The element has been widely adapted and used frequently for elastic analyses of wide-ranging structures. It has also been developed for nonlinear geometric and material behaviour. However, despite the unparalleled generality in performance of this element, some unresolved problem areas still exist, particularly with use of reduced integrating rules. Such problems are highlighted in the paper and rectified where possible. A variety of problems are described to illustrate the above points and other interesting features, such as the treatment of thermal loading, and to emphasize the importance of this contribution to finite element technology by Professor Irons.
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    Partial eigensolution of damped structures by non-linear optimization (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 143-152 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The partial solution of damped structures involves the determination of only a few of the resonant frequencies and corresponding damping characteristics and mode shapes. The procedure outlined here uses a modification of the variable metric solution algorithm, in which the dicision variables are elements of the complex eigenvector and the eigenvalue. The quadratic eigenvalue problem is reformulated as a sequential unconstrained minimization problem. Both normality and orthogonality constraints are incorporated in the objective function. The method is compared to an adaptation of the subspace iteration technique, also applicable to the quadratic eigenvalue problem.
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    An element-by-element method for heat conduction CAE including composite problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 199-215 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Mechanical computer aided engineering (CAE) implies large finite element problems due to the geometric complexity of the ‘true’ 3D designs. Application of the standard finite element technique is not practical for such problems because the direct solution of the global matrix equations is too costly. This paper considers the element-by-element implicit algorithm for the CAE application of transient heat conduction. The direct solution is avoided by an operator splitting or approximate factorization technique. This results in both the execution time and storage requirements for each time step being linearly proportional to the number of elements while retaining unconditional stability. However, the approximate factorization introduces additional truncation error and incorrect jump conditions at material interfaces. Detailed analyses and numerical experiments are carried out in one dimension to assess the nature and mechanism of these inaccuracies. A three dimensional implementation is then compared with one dimensional results. The need for an additional predictor-corrector element-by-element algorithm for 3D composite problems is also presented.
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    Letters to the editor (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 281-282 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Conference diary (1988)
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 291-292 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Plastic design. An imposed hinge-rotation approach, P. Zeman and H. M. Irvine, Allen & Unwin, London, 1986, 86, pages (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 290-290 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Finite elements and solution procedures for structural analysis. vol. I: Linear analysis. M. A. Crisfield, Pineridge Press, Swansea, 1986. No. of pages: 272 (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 289-289 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260122
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    Hybrid finite element-Monte Carlo method for coupled conduction and gas radiation enclosure heat transport (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 361-378 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A hybrid two-dimensional finite element-Monte Carlo numerical solution method has been developed for solving complex transient non-linear gas radiation enclosure problems. Solid conducting media are coupled to conducting gaseous or particulate participating media and both may be internally energy generating. Bilinear isoparametric elements are used, allowing geometrically complex enclosures with internal objects to be present. Radiative energy transport within the gaseous enclosures is accounted for using a Monte Carlo method which permits a broad range of complexities. Included here are: diffuse-grey and specularly reflecting walls with temperature and spectrally dependent, and non-homogeneous emissivities or absorptivities; absorbing/emitting gases with temperature and spectrally dependent, and non-homogeneous emissivities or absorptivities; and isotropic or anisotropic scattering gases or particles. This method was verified by solving several standard steady state problems and comparing the solutions to those found using the conventional finite element, the P-N and the exchange factor methods. Solution times are comparable to those of the finite element method. A more complex transient problem solution is then given to demonstrate the versatility and power of the method.
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    Derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a general complex matrix (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 293-311 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A survey of methods for sensitivity analysis of the algebraic eigenvalue problem for non-Hermitian matrices is presented. In addition, a modification of one method based on a better normalizing condition is proposed. Methods are classified as Direct or Adjoint and are evaluated for efficiency. Operation counts are presented in terms of matrix size, number of design variables and number of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of interest. The effect of the sparsity of the matrix and its derivatives is also considered, and typical solution times are given. General guidelines are established for the selection of the most efficient method.
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    Convergence of curved shell elements based on assumed covariant strain interpolations (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 329-347 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A C0 9-node shell element based on assumed interpolations of covariant strain components defined with respect to the element natural co-ordinate system has recently been proposed. In this formulation, the covariant strains are obtained directly from the Cartesian strains by tensor transformation without any need to compute laminar co-ordinate based strains. In the present work, the interpolated covariant strains used in this element are analysed to determine their satisfaction of the basic requirements for successful strain interpolation. These basic requirements are stated as invariance to rigid body motions and ability to represent constant and linear strain states. In the finite element formulation, the weak form of momentum balance is expressed in terms of covariant strains and contravariant stresses. The corresponding elasticity tensor is a function of the components of the metric tensor associated with the element natural co-ordinate system. The invariance properties of the metric tensor in the context of the finite element approximation are also discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260204
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    Spline collocation in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 413-421 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Natural convection flow of a non-Newtonian fluid between two vertical infinite parallel flat plates forms the case study of the present work. Velocity profiles for the Prandtl-Eyring and Powell-Eyring fluid models are obtained through the method of spline collocation.The applicability and reliability of the techniques employed here are discussed in detail with a suggested error estimate and analysis. Accuracy in the successive iterations in the results is of the fourth order. To maintain this accuracy the help of a computer is not required for carrying out the calculation of velocity profiles. Thus the simplicity of the spline collocation technique is demonstrated in its application to flow problems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260209
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    Computation of hybrid element matrices by elimination techniques (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 423-435 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three functionals, the modified forms of the Hu-Washizu, Hellinger-Reissner, and complementary energy principles, as developed by Pian, Chen, and Kang1.2 are stated. Finite element discretization of each is presented and the ensuing computations developed, resulting in the element stiffness matrix, with displacement degrees-of-freedom only, and the stress recovery matrices. Subroutines are presented for this purpose where the close relationship of the three principles is exploited to result in a compact hybrid element technique. The techniques herein reviewed are assumed applicable at the individual element level. The usual summation over all elements in the model is implied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260210
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    Accuracies of numerical solution methods for the pressure-modified von Mises modelThe paper was presented at Tenth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics, June 16-20, 1986, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 453-465 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The accuracy of three numerical algorithms - the tangent-stiffness radial-return, secant-stiffness radial-return and simple radial-return methods - is analysed against exact solutions for the pressure-modified von Mises yield criterion with the associated flow rule. The governing equations of the exact solutions are derived using a simple and innovative geometrical approach, in terms of a pair of non-linear, first order differential equations, in rate change of the deviatoric radius and in rate change of angular locations on the deviatoric plane. For both accuracy and efficiency, and for small and large time steps, the secant-stiffness radial-return method is the best of all.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260212
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    Three-dimensional elastic finite element study of the skid resistance of grooved pavement (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 437-452 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to simulate the sliding of a rubber block over a grooved road surface. The model makes use of the symmetries of the problem to simplify the analysis, so that two-dimensional isoparametric elements of both rectangular and triangular configuration have been extended into the third dimension. A procedure for analysing the behaviour of any one groove to groove unit of the pavement is also developed, and this is extended so that the contact between the sliding rubber block and the leading edge of each raised pavement section is analysed. Preliminary comparisons between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements indicate that the finite element procedure provides an accurate and economical estimate of the behaviour of the rubber slider as it is pressed into a grooved pavement. Elastic predictions of sliding resistance seem reasonable at low sliding speeds, but viscoelastic rubber analysis appears necessary if higher speed skid resistance is to be predicted.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260211
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    Analysis of steady free convection from an axisymmetric heat-generating body embedded in a semi-infinite porous medium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 467-487 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented for the steady state free convective flow and heat transfer from an axisymmetric heat-generating body that is embedded in a fluid-saturated, semi-infinite, porous medium. The porous medium is assumed to be rigid, homogeneous and isotropic, and be in thermal equilibrium with the fluid. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, with the density changes contributing only towards the buoyancy forces via the Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations for the fluid consist of the equation of continuity, Darcy's law and the equation of energy. After introducing the stream function concept, the equations governing the stream function and pressure are derived. Using the non-dimensional variables, the non-dimensional equations governing the non-dimensional forms of the temperature, stream function and pressure are dervied and the appropriate boundary conditions are stated. The mathematical formulation contains two parameters; D, the non-dimensional depth of the body from the surface of the porous medium, and a product Raθs of Rayleigh number (Ra) and the non-dimensional surface temperature of the body (θs). The Galerkin finite element method, with linear, isoparametric, quadrilateral elements, is used to reduce the mathematical formulation into a set of algebraic equations. The expressions to calculate the non-dimensional surface temperature and Nusselt number of the body, and the non-dimensional velocity of the fluid, are derived. A computer code has been developed to solve the algebraic equations, using Gauss elimination procedure, in a banded matrix form. The computer code, in addition to the non-dimensional temperature, stream function and pressure, calculates the isothermal lines, non-dimensional surface temperature of the body, Nusselt number of the body, velocity field and isobars.To demonstrate the application of the code, a spherical heat-generating body is considered as an example. Numerical results are obtained for D = 3 and 6, and Raθs = 0.001, 0.1, 1 and 5, and presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260213
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    Masthead (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260301
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    Announcements (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 527-530 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260217
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    An integrated approach to the synthesis of geometrically non-linear structures (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 555-570 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An integrated approach to the minimum weight design of geometrically non-linear three dimensional truss structures with geometric imperfections, subject to inequality constraints on static displacements, stresses, local buckling and cross sectional areas, is investigated. The integrated structural synthesis problem involves design and response quantities as independent variables and equilibrium equations, describing the finite element model, as equality constraints. The non-linear structural analysis and the optimization are thus merged together into a single process. A computer program developed to compute the contraint values and analytical gradients is coupled with a generalized reduced gradient algorithm to solve the integrated problem. Numerical results for a geometrically non-linear shallow dome example problem are presented for various types of imperfections. Furthermore, it is found that the algorithm is capable of detecting and guarding against system as well as element elastic instability using equilibrium information only, that is, without imposing system and local buckling inequality constraints.
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    Theoretical basis of the finite element iterative method for the eigenvalue problem in stationary cracks (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 531-539 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a recently published paper a finite element based iterative method was introduced for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of stationary cracks.1 In this paper we give the theoretical basis of this iterative method and we show why it converges and how it could be extended to more complex fracture problems. The cases of cracks at interfaces are illustrated.
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    Application of the finite element iterative method to the eigenvalue problem of a crack between dissimilar media (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 541-554 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element iterative method is applied to the eigenvalue problem of a crack between dissimilar media. In this case the transfer matrix is non-symmetric, which leads to complex eigenvalues. The singularity obtained agrees with the analytical results of r(-1/2+ie). The method of evaluating the eigenfunctions is general and can be applied to more complex cases of material and geometry, which are frequently encountered in composite materials. A powerful method for evaluating stress intensities in dissimilar media is given in the Appendix. The method is also reduced for homogeneous media to give stress intensity factors for modes I, II and III.
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    Elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of space-frames: A plastic-hinge and stress-based explicit derivation of tangent stiffnesses (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 589-615 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of space-frames. It is based on a complementary energy approach. A methodology is presented wherein: (i) each member of the frame, modelled as an initially straight space-beam, is sought to be represented by a single finite element, (ii) each member can undergo arbitrarily large rigid rotations, but only moderately large relative rotations; (iii) a plastic-hinge method, with arbitrary locations of the hinges along the beam, is used to account for plasticity, (iv) the non-linear bendin-stretching coupling is accounted for in each member, (v) the applied loading may be non-conservative and (vi) an explicit expression for the tangent stiffness matrix of each element is given under conditions (i) to (v). Several examples, with both quasi-static and dynamic loading, are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approaches presented.
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    Multi-grid solutions to the elastic plastic torsion problem in multiply connected domains (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 631-646 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The elastic plastic torsion problem for an elastic, perfectly plastic cylinder with multiply connected cross section twisted around its longitudinal axis is formulated as an obstacle problem for an associated stress potential, the obstacle being defined in terms of a generalized distance function. Based upon the reformulation of the obstacle problem as an equivalent linear complementarity problem, the latter is discretized by means of finite difference techniques, and a monotonically convergent iterative scheme for its numerical solution is developed. At each step of the iteration the solution of a reduced system of discrete Poisson equations is required which is done by applying multi-grid techniques with respect to a hierarchy of grid-point sets. Combined with a suitably chosen nested iteration process this results in a computationally very efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the elastic plastic torsion problem.
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    Application of spline strip method to analyse vibration of open cylindrical shells (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 663-676 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the vibration of open cylindrical shells by the spline strip method based on Novozhilov's shell theory. Convergence of the solutions is investigated in a few examples and is found to be satisfactory. The accuracy of the results is compared with those calculated by other numerical methods and found to be in good agreement.The effect of inlcuded angles and inplane constraints on vibrating characteristics of simply supported cylindrical shells is shown.
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    A quadrilateral finite element including vertex rotations for plane elasticity analysis (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 717-730 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element of arbitrary quadrilateral shape is presented for plane elasticity analysis. The element is derived from triangular fields of compatible quadratic displacements with vertex connectors which include rotations. All rigid body movements and constant strain states are recovered exactly. Results from several test problems demonstrate that very good numerical accuracy is obtained for both displacements and stresses, even for quite coarse finite element meshes.
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    A numerical case study of a non-Newtonian flow problem (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 695-704 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper addresses some of the theoretical aspects involved in the numerical study of non-Newtonian flow problems. We consider the second-order Rivlin-Erickson constitutive model due to the simple differential form that emerges for the system of equations that govern the flow when expressed in stream function-vorticity variables. This model describes slightly elastic fluids that exhibit a constant viscosity behaviour. A steady two-dimensional flow is studied through a planar contraction geometry.An auxiliary variable is introduced into the problem formulation producing a non-linear system of differential equations comprising two elliptic equations and one hyperbolic equation. This system is discretized by finite difference methods and the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations is solved iteratively by successive substitutions. The simple structure of this iteration permits a convergence analysis which is presented in Section 2. This analysis is performed prior to the spatial discretization and establishes the dependence of the iteration upon the material parameters. At the discrete linearized equation level a combination of inner iterations for elliptic equations and direct marching for the hyperbolic equation is used. The stability of the marching scheme is considered in Section 4.3 and a discussion on the results is given in Section 5.
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    A nine node finite element for analysis of geometrically non-linear shells (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1945-1962 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A nine node finite element is presented for the analysis of thin shell structures undergoing large deflection. The finite element formulation is based on the concept of degenerate solid shell element and the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain. Three versions of assumed independent strain are selected to suppress spurious kinematic modes. One version leads to a finite element model which is kinematically stable at element level while the other two give globally stable models. Numerical tests indicate that the finite element model which is stable at element level may reveal the locking effect in certain cases. However, the other two models are free of locking.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260905
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    Finite element approximations of singular parabolic problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1989-2007 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient implementation of finite element methods for free boundary parabolic problems in general two dimensional space domains is presented. The Stefan problem, the Hele-Shaw problem and the porous medium equation are included. Backward differences or linearization techniques are used for the time discretization of the problem. The performances of these schemes are discussed with several numerical tests.
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    A new hybrid transfinite element computational methodology for applicability to conduction/convection/radiation heat transfer (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1087-1100 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes new and recent advances in the development of a hybrid transfinite element computational methodology for applicability to conduction/convection/radiation heat transfer problems. The transfinite element methodology, while retaining the modelling versatility of contemporary finite element formulations, is based on application of transform techniques in conjunction with classical Galerkin schemes and is a hybrid approach. The purpose of this paper is to provide a viable hybrid computational methodology for applicability to general transient thermal analysis. Highlights and features of the methodology are described and developed via generalized formulations and applications to several test problems. The proposed transfinite element methodology successfully provides a viable computational approach and numerical test problems validate the proposed developments for conduction/convection/radiation thermal analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260507
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    A robust triangular plate bending element of the Reissner-Mindlin type (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 1169-1184 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new triangular plate element is presented. This new element is based on independent interpolations for slopes, displacement and shear forces, and it is shown that it does not suffer from any defect common to other Mindlin plate elements. Several examples are presented to illustrate the behaviour of this new element.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620260511
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