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  • Articles  (6)
  • kinetics
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (6)
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  • 1987  (4)
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  • Medicine  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 26 (1987), S. 125-137 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: vitamin C ; functions ; kinetics ; pool ; saturation ; requirements ; RDA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung von Vitamin C für den menschlichen Organismus wird aus den wichtigen Funktionen ersichtlich, an denen das Vitamin beteiligt ist, wie zum Beispiel Kollagen- und Karnitinsynthesen. In neuerer Zeit entdeckt wurde seine Rolle bei der Noradrenalinsynthese, der Inaktivierung von freien Radikalen sowie der Verhinderung der Nitrosaminbildung. Die Vielfalt dieser Vitamin-C-abhängigen Funktionen läßt erkennen, daß die Bedarfsfestsetzung für Vitamin C nicht nur die Verhütung der Mangelkrankheit Skorbut anvisieren, sondern auch berücksichtigen sollte, daß alle diese Funktionen jederzeit genügend Vitamin C zur Verfügung haben müßten, um optimal reagieren zu können. Das Konzept der Gewebesättigung kommt diesem Ziel am nächsten. Studien mit einem kinetischen Modell haben ergeben, daß eine Sättigung mit täglicher Einnahme von 100 mg Vitamin C bei Nichtrauchern und von 140 mg bei Rauchern eintritt, Mengen, die als optimale Werte gelten können. Bei verschiedenen Krankheiten dürfte der Bedarf höher sein; die genauen Mengen müssen jedoch erst noch ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary The importance of vitamin C is reflected in its multifunctional roles which include participation in collagen and carnitine syntheses, promotion of iron absorption and the more recently discovered participation in noradrenaline synthesis, inactivation of free radical chain reactions, prevention of N-nitroso compound formation and more. Given the many extra-antiscorbutic functions of the vitamin, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) should not just prevent deficiency disease but should aim at providing sufficient amounts for all vitamin C-dependent functions to operate at full capacity. The concept of vitamin C tissue saturation is best able to meet this demand. The use of kinetic models has shown that the body pool is saturated with a daily intake of 100 mg vitamin C in non-smokers and 140 mg in smokers, amounts that may be regarded as optimal RDA values. Certain disease states may be accompanied by still higher vitamin C requirements but the exact amounts are not yet known.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1986), S. 529-534 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pethidine ; epidural injections ; pain scores ; kinetics ; spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients who had undergone total hip replacement were randomly assigned to one of three groups in order to compare a single dose of 1 mg/kg of pethidine im (I) and 20 mg (II) or 60 mg of extradural pethidine (III) in a double-blind design. The degree of analgesia, the adverse effects, and the kinetics were studied for 18 h. Pain was monitored using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Supplementary doses of oxycodone if required were given no earlier than 0.75 h after pethidine. Plasma concentrations of pethidine were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Hypoalgesia to pin prick test was evaluated. Low pain scores were observed in the extradural groups between 0.25 and 1.5 h after the dose. A significant difference in pain score compared with the im group was found after the higher extradural dose only between 0.5 and 1 h (p〈0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of pain score versus time (0–18 h) was not significantly different between groups. The recorded adverse effects were minor in all three groups. The terminal half-lives and plasma clearances of pethidine, and the time to peak concentration were not different between the groups. Single patients in the extradural groups showed hypoalgesia to pin prick in parallel to the effect. The present study shows that extradural pethidine produces shortlived analgesia, in contrast to the long-lasting effect of morphine found in other studies.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 76 (1987), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: DNA methyltransferase ; hemimethylated DNA ; kinetics ; affinity chromatography ; (rat liver)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract DNA substrate analogs were constructed from poly(dC-dG), M13, and XP12 DNA which do not contain a mixture of types of methylation sites. These were used to distinguish different kinetic mechanisms for maintenance and de novo methylation using a highly purified rat liver DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DMase−) preparation. De novo methylation on single (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA was found to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics while methylation of hemimethylated sites showed differences depending on size of the hemimethylated region. On long stretches analogous to maintenance methylation of newly replicated DNA, saturation could not be achieved and the kinetics showed non-ideal positive cooperative kinetics, while short stretches showed non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics and rapid saturation. Two types of DMase-DNA complexes could be distinguished by means of affinity chromatography on DNA-agarose matrices and in preincubation assays. The later complex, which is engaged in methyl group turnover, exhibited enhanced stability. The competitiveness of variously configured DNAs was found to parallel the stability of complex formation, e.g., ss, hemi- and ds DNA, respectively. In studies utilizing 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the thymine analog left the basic reaction mechanisms unchanged but increased the km and S0.5 while reducing the velocity of these reactions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 101 (1986), S. 365-366 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hematopoietic stem cells ; CFU-S ; self-maintenance ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 103 (1987), S. 660-662 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hydrogenated phenazepam analog ; metabolism ; kinetics ; excretion ; differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 98 (1987), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: adhesion ; C. albicans ; kinetics ; concanavalin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The early in vitro kinetics of Candida albicans attachment to human buccal epithelial cells was studied with the aid of an adhesion assay and solutions of concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin which is capable of inhibiting yeast adhesion. Various saccharides and putative receptor analogues were also tested. Solutions of each single reagent were added to tubes containing aliquots of mucosal cells and germinated yeasts at the beginning of a 1-hour incubation period (time O) or at 10 minute intervals during the assay. The number of yeasts attached to 200 mucosal cells was subsequently determined microscopically. Yeast adhesion remained constant following addition of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at time 0 or at any time thereafter. However, addition of Con A at 0, 10 or 20 minutes of incubation decreased adhesion significantly to 38%, 45% and 63% of control values. This inhibitory effect dwindled as time of incubation prior to lectin addition increased and Con A could not inhibit adhesion significantly after twenty minutes. Results obtained with Con A using live germinated yeasts were similar to those obtained with formalin-killed C. albicans. The other reagents tested failed to decrease adhesion significantly. These included the putative receptor analogues fibronectin, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-galactose, and several non-specific saccharides such as α-d-methylglucopyranoside, d-ribose and d-xylose. It is suggested that in vitro attachment to human mucosal cells by C. albicans is inhibitable up to a defined point in time by a lectin with affinity for mannosecontaining surface moieties, but becomes non-reversible thereafter. This experimentally-observed irreversibility is independent of yeast cell viability.
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