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  • Cyanobacteria  (26)
  • Data analysis / ~ processing
  • Review article
  • Seismology
  • Springer  (27)
  • NORSAR  (2)
  • Saint Louis University  (2)
  • Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1985  (31)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny of the 5S ribosomal RNA fromSynechococcus lividus II: The cyanobacterial/chloroplast 5S RNAs form a common structural class (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 21 (1985), S. 334-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: 5S RNA ; Cyanobacteria ; Phylogeny ; Sequence ; Secondary structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The complete nucleotide sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA from the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus lividus II has been determined. The sequence is 5′-UGCCUAGUGUUUAUGGCGCG-GUGGAACCACGCUGAUCCAUCCCGAACUC-AGAGGUGAAACAUCGCAGCGGUGAAGAU-AGUUGGAGGGUAGCCUCCUGCAAAAAUA-GCUCAAUGCUAGGCAOH-3′. This 5S RNA has the cyanobacterial- and chloroplast-specific nucleotide insertion between positions 30 and 31 (using the numbering system of the generalized eubacterial 5S RNA) and the chloroplast-specific nucleotide-deletion signature between positions 34 and 39. The 5S RNA ofS. lividus II has 27 base differences compared with the 5S RNA of the related strainS. lividus III. This large difference may reflect an ancient divergence between these two organisms. The electrophoretic mobilities on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels of renatured 5S RNAs fromS. lividus II,S. lividus III, and spinach chloroplasts are identical, but differ considerably from that ofEscherichia coli 5S RNA. This most likely reflects differences in higher-order structure between the 5S RNA ofE. coli and these cyanobacterial and chloroplast 5S RNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02115651
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-gold localization of glutamine synthetase in a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (Anabaena cylindrica) (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anabaena ; Cyanobacteria ; Glutamine synthetase ; Immuno-gold localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Localization of glutamine synthetase in thin sections of nitrogen-fixing Anabaena cylindrica was performed using immuno-gold/transmission electronmicroscopy. The enzyme was present in all of the three cell types possible; vegetative cells, heterocysts and akinetes. The specific gold label was always more pronounced in heterocysts compared with vegetative cells, and showed a uniform distribution in all three types. No specific label was associated with subcellular inclusions such as carboxysomes, cyanophycin granules and polyphosphate granules. When anti-glutamine synthetase antiserum was omitted, no label was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between photosynthetic and respiratory electron-transfer chains in the membranes of Anabaena variabilis (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anabaena ; Cyanobacteria ; Electron transport ; Photosynthesis and respiration ; Respiration and photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of CO2- and p-benzoquione-dependent photosynthetic O2 evolution by Anabaena variabilis cells remained unaltered and the rate of O2 uptake observed after switching off the light (endogenous respiration) was enhanced by a factor of 6–8 when the O2 concentration was increased from 200 to 400 μM. Photosystem-I-linked O2 uptake and respiration of the cells incubated with ascorbate and N,N,N′N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was not appreciable influenced by the O2 concentration. 2-Iodo-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-2′,4,4′-trinitrodiphenyl ether, blocking electron transfer at the plastoquinone level, suppressed O2 evolution and had no influence on endogenous respiration. 2-n-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, an inhibitor of electron transfer between photosystems II and I, as well as the cytochrome-oxidase inhibitors N 3 - , CN- and NH2OH, caused a 35–50% retardation of endogenous respiration and blocked photosynthetic O2 evolution. The molar ratio of cytochromes b6, f, c-553, aa3 and photosystem-I reaction centers in the isolated membranes equalled approx. 2:1:2:0.7:2. It is inferred that endogenous respiration of A. variabilis cells is inhibited by the light-induced electron flow through both photosystems at the level of the plastoquinone-plastocyanin-oxidoreductase complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397346
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic adjustment in Spirulina platensis (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 424-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Glucosyl-glycerol ; Osmotic adjustment ; Spirulina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis has been examined for salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment. Salinities up to 150% seawater had little effect on growth yield or photosynthetic O2 evolution; higher salinities were markedly inhibitory. Osmotic adjustment was achieved by the intracellular accumulation of the low-molecular-weight carbohydrate glucosyl-glycerol in response to increased external salinity: in fullstrength (100%) seawater glucosyl-glycerol accounted for approximately 5.0% of the dry weight of the cyanobacterium. Trehalose was also present, particularly in cells at low salt concentration, and in 50% seawater medium accounted for up to 1.0% of the dry weight of the cyanobacterium. For cells grown in 100% seawater the ratio of trehalose to glucosyl-glycerol varied with temperature: at 37°C trehalose comprised 31% (w/w) of the low-molecular-weight carbohydrates while at 20°C only 9% of the total was trehalose. When subjected to hypo-osmotic shock the intracellular concentration of glucosyl-glycerol decreased and this was mirrored by an increase in glycogen. An understanding of the osmotic adjustment of S. platensis has implications both for the mass culturing of this and other strains of Spirulina and possibly also for the quality of the harvested product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395153
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature and light on the toxicity and growth of the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa (UV-006) (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Light and toxicity ; Microcystis ; Temperature and toxicity ; Toxicity (cyanobacterium)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa (UV-006) from the Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa were investigated at different temperatures and photon fluence rates under laboratory conditions. Cells harvested in late logarithmic growth phase were most toxic when grown at 20°C (LD50) median lethal dose [IP, mouse]=25.4 mg kg-1). Toxicity was markedly reduced at growth temperatures above 28° C. Fluence rate had a smaller effect on the toxicity of the cells, but toxicity tended to be less at the very low and high light fluences. Optimal conditions for growth did not coincide with those for toxin production. Well-aerated cultures of this isolate kept at pH 9.5 by CO2 addition, a temperature of 20–24° C, a fluence rate of 145 μmol photons m-2 s-1 and harvested in the late logarithmic growth phase yielded the maximum quantity of toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395897
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of β-carotene 7,8(7′,8′) oxygenase (β-cyclocitral, crocetindial generating) in Microcystis (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: β-Carotene oxygenase ; β-Cyclocitral ; Crocetindial ; 18O2 Labelling ; Microcystis ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A β-carotene oxygenase is described which occurs in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis. It cleaves β-carotene and zeaxanthin specifically at the positions 7,8 and 7′,8′, while echinenone and myxoxanthophyll are not affected. The oxidative cleavage of β-carotene leads to the formation of β-cyclocitral and crocetindial and that of zeaxanthin to hydroxy-β-cyclocitral and crocetindial in nearly stoichiometric amounts. Oxidant is dioxygen as has been demonstrated by high incroporation (86%) of 18O2 into β-cyclocitral. β-Carotene oxygenase is membrane bound, sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents, antioxidants and chelating agents. Iron seems to be an essential part of the enzyme activity. Cofactors necessary for the reaction could not be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428846
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation of exogenous and dinitrogen-derived13NH 4 + byAnabaena azollae separated fromAzolla caroliniana Willd (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonium assimilation ; Excretion ; Anabaena azollae ; Azolla caroliniana ; Cyanobacteria ; Glutamine ; Glutamate formation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anabaena azollae was isolated fromAzolla caroliniana by the “gentle roller” method and differential centrifugation. Incubation of suchAnabaena preparations for 10 min with [13N]N2 resulted in the formation of four radioactive compounds; ammonium, glutamine, glutamate and alanine. Ammonium accounted for 66% of the total radioactivity recovered and 58% of the ammonium was in an extracellular fraction. Since essentially no extracellular13N-labeled organic compounds were found, it appears that ammonium is the compound most probably made available toAzolla during dinitrogen-dependent growth of the association. The kinetics of incorporation of exogenous13NH 4 + into glutamine and glutamate were characteristic of a precursor (glutamine)-product (glutamate) relationship and consistent with assimilation by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway. The results of experiments using the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine, the glutamate synthase inhibitor, diazo-oxonorleucine, and increasing the ammonium concentration to greater than 1 mM, provided evidence for assimilation primarily by the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway with little or no contribution from biosynthetic glutamate dehydrogenase. While showing that N2 fixation and NH 4 + assimilation were not tightly coupled metabolic processes in symbioticAnabaena, these results reflect a composite picture and do not indicate the extent to which ammonium assimilatory enzymes might be regulated in filaments associated with specific stages in theAzolla-Anabaena developmental profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693395
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways of hydrogen uptake in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen uptake ; Hydrogenase and nitrogenase activity (cellular, cell-free) ; Photosynthetic oxygen evolution ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two pathways of hydrogen uptake in Nostoc muscorum are apparent using either oxygen or nitrogen as electron acceptor. Hydrogen uptake (under argon with some oxygen as electron acceptor assayed in the dark; oxyhydrogen reaction) is found to be more active in dense, light-limited cultures than in thin cultures when light is not limiting. Addition of bicarbonate inhibits this hydrogen uptake, because photosynthesis is stimulated. In a cell-free hydrogenase assay, a 10-fold increase of the activity can be measured, after the cells having been kept under lightlimiting conditions. After incubation under light-saturating conditions, no hydrogen uptake is found, when filaments are assayed under argon plus some oxygen. Assaying these cells under a nitrogen atmosphere, a strong hydrogen uptake occurs. The corresponding cell-free hydrogenase assay exhibits low hydrogenase activity. Furthermore, the hydrogen uptake by intact filaments under nitrogen in the light apparently is correlated with nitrogenase activity. These studies give evidence that, under certain physiological conditions, hydrogen uptake of heterocysts proceeds directly via nitrogenase, with no hydrogenase involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491902
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen protection of nitrogenase in the aerobically nitrogen fixing, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Oscillatoria ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen protection of N2-ase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oscillatoria sp. strain 23 is a filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen aerobically. Although, in this organism nitrogenase is inactivated by oxygen a high tolerance is observed. Up to a pO2 of 0.15 atm, oxygen does not have any measurable effects on acetylene reduction. Higher concentrations of oxygen inhibited the activity to a relatively high degree. Evidence for two mechanisms of oxygen protection of nitrogenase in this cyanobacterium was obtained. A high rate of synthesis of nitrogenase may allow the organism to maintain a certain amount of active enzyme under aerobic conditions. Secondly, a switch off/on mechanism may reversibly convert the active enzyme into a non-active form which is insensitive to oxygen inactivation after a sudden and short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations. It is conceived that these mechanisms in addition to a temporal separation of nitrogen fixation from oxygenic photosynthesis sufficiently explain the regulation process of aerobic nitrogen fixation in this organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414771
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase activity in the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. grown under alternating light-dark cycles (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Oscillatoria ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Light-dark cycles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain 23 fixes nitrogen under aerobic conditions. If nitrate-grown cultures were transferred to a medium free of combined nitrogen, nitrogenase was induced within about 1 day. The acetylene reduction showed a diurnal variation under conditions of continuous light. Maximum rates of acetylene reduction steadily increased during 8 successive days. When grown under alternating light-dark cycles, Oscillatoria sp. fixes nitrogen preferably in the dark period. For dark periods longer than 8 h, nitrogenase activity is only present during the dark period. For dark periods of 8 h and less, however, nitrogenase activity appears before the beginning of the dark period. This is most pronounced in cultures grown in a 20 h light – 4 h dark cycle. In that case, nitrogenase activity appears 3–4 h before the beginning of the dark period. According to the light-dark regime applied, nitrogenase activity was observed during 8–11 h. Oscillatoria sp. grown under 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle, also induced nitrogenase at the usual point of time, when suddenly transferred to conditions of continuous light. The activity appeared exactly at the point of time where the dark period used to begin. No nitrogenase activity was observed when chloramphenicol was added to the cultures 3 h before the onset of the dark period. This observation indicated that for each cycle, de novo nitrogenase synthesis is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414770
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