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  • hypertension  (38)
  • Springer  (38)
  • Cell Press
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1985  (38)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (38)
  • Cell Press
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of aldosterone secretion by metoclopramide is not affected by chronic converting enzyme inhibition (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoclopramide ; enalapril ; aldosterone secretion ; dopamine receptors ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To assess if dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion is mediated by the renin-angiotensin system, the effect of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by enalapril on the aldosterone response to metoclopramide has been studied in 10 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Enalapril reduced supine blood pressure and increased the heart rate significantly. Plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion rose significantly. PRA was not changed by metoclopramide, neither during placebo nor during enalapril treatment. Metoclopramide induced a two-fold increase in plasma aldosterone, the peak response being reached within 15 min. Enalapril treatment did not alter the aldosterone response to metoclopramide. Dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion appears to be independent of the renin-angiotensin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547423
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of penbutolol and its metabolites in renal insufficiency (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: penbutolol ; renal impairment ; beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents ; metabolism ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of penbutolol, its 4-hydroxylated metabolite and of their conjugates was studied in hypertensive patients with various degrees of renal impairment. A single oral dose of penbutolol 40 mg, was rapidly absorbed after a lag-time of 0.34 h. Its plasma concentration reached a maximum after 0.84 h and then declined bi-exponentially, with an apparent elimination half-life of 21.8 h. The hydroxylation of penbutolol was negligible and conjugation was of major importance for its elimination. Consequently, the kinetics of unchanged penbutolol were not altered by renal impairment. The 48 h-urinary excretion of penbutolol and its metabolites reached 13–14% of the administered dose, which is consistent with extensive metabolism of the drug. After treatment for 30 days with penbutolol 40 mg/d there was no accumulation of the parent drug but the concentration of its conjugates was increased. It is concluded that the dose of penbutolol need not be changed in patients with mild renal insufficiency, 4-hydroxypenbutolol is unlikely to participate in the anti-hypertensive effect of the drug, due to its low concentrations, and biotransformation of penbutolol may be enhanced during chronic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547425
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Felodipine in hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: felodipine ; hypertension ; calcium antagonist ; vasodilator ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Felodipine, a selective arteriolar dilator, was given to 13 hypertensive patients to assess its hypotensive effects and duration of action. Nine patients were treated with 5 mg three times a day and 4 with 10 mg three times a day. Mean blood pressures fell with both treatment regimens: 5 mg placebo 170/103 mmHg; 5 mg felodipine 148/91 mmHg; 10 mg placebo 154/93 mmHg; 10 mg felodipine 137/82 mmHg. Heart rates increased as blood pressures fell with both treatments. However, in the patients given 5 mg three times a day this effect was less noticeable after successive doses. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, both resting and tilted, increased after felodipine. There was a negative correlation between the fall in blood pressure and the increase in noradrenaline, suggesting that those patients with good baroreceptor reflexes were better able to counteract the effects of vasodilatation. Four of the nine patients treated with 5 mg felodipine three times a day experienced mild and transient adverse effects. Of the four patients treated with 10 mg three times a day, three experienced moderate to severe headache, and for this reason recruitment into this group was stopped. Felodipine at a divided daily dose of 15 mg effectively lowered blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613449
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ro 31-1118, a new cardioselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ro 31-1118 ; cardioselectivity ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five patients with mild hypertension were given single oral doses of Ro 31-1118 (10, 20, 40, and 80 mg) and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, within-patient study. Plasma concentrations of Ro 31-1118 and supine, standing, exercise, and post-exercise heart rates and blood pressures were measured before and at regular intervals after drug administration. The pharmacokinetic data were consistent with a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and a variable time lag. Peak plasma concentrations and area under curve were linearly related to dose, whereas time to peak concentration, half-time, clearance and apparent volume of distribution were dose-independent. There was a reduction in exercise and post-exercise heart rate of approximately 10% after 10 mg and 20 mg Ro 31-1118, and of approximately 15% after 40 mg and 80 mg. At all doses standing systolic blood pressure was reduced by approximately 5%. A similar fall was seen in exercise and post-exercise systolic blood pressures. There was no substantial effect of Ro 31-1118 on supine or standing heart rates nor on diastolic blood pressure. No adverse effects were reported. It is concluded that Ro 31-1118 has linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range 10–80 mg, and has a weak antihypertensive effect when administered in single doses to patients with mild hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613451
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of once daily endralazine with placebo in the treatment of hypertension uncontrolled by a beta-blocker and diuretic (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 401-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; hypertension ; once daily dosing ; atenolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the first placebo controlled parallel group study of once daily endralazine (5–20 mg) in hypertension uncontrolled by a beta-blocker plus a diuretic. Following a 4-week run-in period 22 patients with a sitting mean arterial pressure (MAP) greater than 110 mm Hg were entered into the study and received either endralazine 5 mg or placebo. Blood pressure was measured 2 h and 24 h after dosing and the drug dose doubled at 2 and 4 weeks if the 24-h MAP remained 〉110 mg Hg. The final blood pressure assessment was made after 6 weeks treatment in the 19 patients who completed the study. Three patients withdrew from the study because of side effects. The hypotensive effect (sitting) was in excess of placebo at 2 h by 15.8 mm Hg systolic (NS), 15.4 mm Hg diastolic (p〈0.01), 15.5 mm Hg MAP (p〈0.02) and at 24 hours by 7.7 mm Hg systolic (NS), 8.9 mm Hg diastolic (p〈0.02) and 11.1 mm Hg MAP (p〈0.02). This study suggests that endralazine should be prescribed twice daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613452
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of labetalol and prazosin combined with atenolol in non-responders to atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; labetalol ; prazosin ; hydrochlorothiazide ; side-effects ; therapeutic efficacy ; atenolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After screening two local populations in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg were treated daily either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide or 100 mg atenolol. Non-responders were given the combination and if necessary the dose of atenolol was increased to 200 mg. Non-responders to the latter combination were randomized and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and labetalol or with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 200 mg atenolol and prazosin. If after 1 month a DP≤90 mmHg had been reached the patient was reassessed after a further 3 months. If a DP〉90 mmHg was found the dose of labetalol or prazosin was increased and the patient was re-examined after 1 month. This protocol was followed until the maximum dose was reached or adverse reactions prevented a further increase in dosage. During 6 months of treatment there was a further drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures under both regimens of, respectively, 8.6 and 2.4 mmHg for labetalol, and 7.7 and 5.0 mmHg for the prazosin group. At the end of the period the average daily doses of labetalol and prazosin were 1256 mg and 4.3 mg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average number of complaints between the labetalol and the prazosin group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544059
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic effects of indenolol at rest and after a submaximal workload in essential hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; indenolol ; submaximal workload ; haemodynamic effects ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of indenolol on heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after submaximal workload has been studied in 19 patients with established essential hypertension. A stepwise increase from moderate to submaximal exercise was chosen to mimic challenges normally occurring in daily life. After 4 weeks of once a day indenolol therapy a significant, gradual reduction in the following cardiovascular parameters was observed: heart rate at rest fell by 20%, 30% after exercise and 31% after recovery; systolic blood pressure showed a fall of 15% at rest, 19% after workload and 14% after recovery; the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 15% at rest, 11% after exercise and 12% after recovery. The rate-pressure product was decreased by 32% at rest, 43% after exercise and 42% after recovery. It is concluded that the most important pharmacological effect of indenolol is the significant decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. In patients with essential hypertension indenolol not only produces a definite antihypertensive effect, but it also increases workload tolerance and decreases subjective symptoms during physical activity. Compliance was good and no severe side effects were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins in hypertensive patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prazosin ; alphamethyldopa ; lipoprotein ; hypertension ; blood lipids ; serum parameters ; hydrochlorothiazide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in 20 patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension. Parameters measured included serum cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHO), insulin (I), glucose (G), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Prazosin — 4 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.6/17.2 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg. There was a significant decrease in CHO (−5.8%), in I (−16.5%), and in NEFA (−3.0%), and a significant increase in HDL-CHO (+15.5%). Alphamethyldopa 250–750 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.8/14.6 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg, accompanied by a non-significant decrease in CHO and TG, and significant increases in HDL-CHO (+10.3%), G (+8.5%) and NEFA (+6.4%). Thus, prazosin appears to have a more beneficial effect on blood lipids and lipoproteins than alphamethyldopa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544060
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamics of BTS 49465 and its major metabolite in healthy volunteers (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 659-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: BTS 49465 ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; blood pressure effect ; heart rate effect ; side-effects ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic effects of a 200 mg oral dose of BTS 49465 (7-fluoro-1-methyl-3-methylsulphinyl-4-quinolone) were investigated in a double-blind placebo controlled study. BTS 49465 was rapidly absorbed and cleared from the systemic circulation with a half-life of 1.6 h by oxidation to the sulphone metabolite. The metabolite was cleared with a half-life of 37.6 h. Saliva concentrations of both BTS 49465 and its metabolite correlated well with the plasma concentrations. Compared to placebo, BTS 49465 produced statistically significant reductions in blood pressure and increases in heart rate both supine and after a 60° head up tilt. The time course of the haemodynamic changes suggested that the sulphone metabolite contributed to the overall hypotensive response. Plasma Renin Activity was only marginally elevated and there was no evidence of acute fluid retention. BTS 49465 was well tolerated in terms of haematological and biochemical parameters and subjective side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607911
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide on the response to pressor agents in hypertensives (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: captopril ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; vascular reactivity ; norepinephrine ; angiotensin II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect on arterial pressure of incremental doses of norepinephrine (2 to 10 µg/min) and angiotensin II (50 to 800 ng/min) administered over 10 min periods was studied in sodium-replete hypertensive patients after crossover oral treatments with placebo, captopril 50 mg in a single dose, captopril 50 mg three times daily for one week and hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily for a week. Neither captopril nor hydrochlorothiazide affected the dose response to infusions of angiotensin II. In comparison to placebo responses, however, both single and multiple-dose captopril therapy, and hydrochlorothiazide attenuated the pressor responses to infusions of norepinephrine. Captopril significantly depressed angiotensin converting enzyme activity from predose levels and angiotensin II infusions significantly elevated plasma aldosterone concentrations. These results confirm findings reported for single dose captopril in normotensive volunteers and indicate that attenuation of the vascular responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation may contribute to the antihypertensive effects of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635700
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic metabolism of metoprolol: Clinical studies (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine oxidation ; metoprolol metabolism ; oxidation phenotype ; β-blockade ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After a single 200 mg oral dose of metoprolol tartrate the mean metoprolol AUC was found to be six-fold higher in poor metabolizers (PMs) of debrisoquine than in extensive metabolizers (EMs). This was associated with impaired metabolic clearance via α-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation. A population study (n=143) has shown a bimodal distribution in the ratio of metoprolol: α-hydroxymetoprolol recovered in urine which was correlated highly with the debrisoquine metabolic ratio. Nine per cent of the population were PMs. Plasma metoprolol concentrations three hours after a 100 mg oral dose of metoprolol were greater than 200 ng/ml in PMs but were lower than this in most EMs. This dose of metoprolol given once daily provided a clinically significant reduction (16%) in exercise heart rate in PMs after 24 hours. EMs require conventional doses (100 mg b.d.) to achieve the same degree of β-blockade. Preliminary data from family studies support the view that the defect in metoprolol oxidation is inherited. In 12 hypertensive patients who were EMs we compared the β-blocking activity and antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with metoprolol 200 mg once daily (conventional and long-acting formulations), with those of atenolol 100 mg once daily and placebo. The effects of all active preparations were similar at 3.5 hours but atenolol was superior to all metoprolol formulations at 24 hours after dosing. It is concluded that for the majority of patients metoprolol should be prescribed twice daily when using currently available dosage forms. Relationships between oxidation phenotype and side-effects should be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543716
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term experience with the combination of clonidine and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; clonidine ; beta-blocker ; renal failure ; side-effects ; blood pressure decrease ; cardiovascular complications ; atenolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The risk of cardiovascular and fatal complications and the antihypertensive effect of a clonidine-β-blocker combination was studied in 98 patients and was compared with the results for a group of patients treated with other antihypertensive regimens. The profile of complications was similar in the two groups for a total follow-up period of more than 2000 treatment-months. Clonidine in combination either with propranolol or atenolol had a distinct antihypertensive effect. However, clonidine plus atenolol resulted in a more immediate and pronounced fall in blood pressure. It is concluded that the combination of clonidine and a β-blocker is an effective antihypertensive medication, and that patients treated with it are apparently at no greater risk of serious cardiovascular incidents than are those treated with other regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609678
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of atenolol 50 mg and 100 mg as initial treatment in uncomplicated mild to moderate hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 351-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; hypertension ; side-effects ; dose-response relationship ; initial treatments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After screening a local population in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, 59 patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 130 mmHg were randomized and treated either with 50 mg atenolol (n=29) or 100 mg atenolol (n=30) for 1 month. There was no significant difference between the two treatments, neither in the fall in systolic and diastolic pressures nor in the number of complaints reported. It is concluded that in the initial treatment of uncomplicated mild to moderate hypertension, 100 mg atenolol has no advantage over a 50 mg dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543336
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of pinacidil in hypertensive dialysis patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; dialysis ; vasodilator ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open study, thirteen chronic dialysis patients with nonvolume dependent uncontrolled hypertension were treated with pinacidil for a mean period of 43 weeks. Seven patients were taking concomitant antihypertensive therapy. Twelve patients achieved long-term blood pressure control on a mean dose of 33 mg/day. The baseline supine blood pressure was 184/116 mmHg. After 1 week it had fallen to 161/95 mmHg and blood pressure control was maintained over the study period. Patient weight remained stable. The baseline reading was 61.6 kg and at the end of the study it was 59.7 kg. Pulse rate did not change significantly. For the eight patients not taking beta-blockers the mean change in pulse rate was 7.6 beats/min supine and 6.3 beats/min erect (NS). Pretrial urea and creatinine were 27.6 mmol/l and 1027 µmol/l and after 25 weeks they were 29.6 mmol/l and 1087 µmol/l, respectively (NS). Four patients had ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy before the study and one on completion of the trial. Five patients showed correction of T-waves on their ECG's. Six patients experienced side effects, none of which warranted withdrawal of treatment. These findings suggest that pinacidil is a valuable alternative treatment for hypertensive dialysis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544353
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of essential hypertension and hypertension associated with renal impairment with pinacidil: A new vasodilator (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; renal impairment ; hypertension ; vasodilator ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients with uncontrolled hypertension were treated with pinacidil for a mean period of 43 weeks (range 10–63 weeks). All patients achieved and maintained significant reductions in blood pressure. The supine blood pressure at base-line was 184/116 mmHg; after one week it was 161/95 mmHg and at 43 weeks it was 138/79 mmHg. The mean dose of pinacidil was 30 mg/day. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the dose of pinacidil or the blood pressure response. Pulse rate and weight remained stable for the group as a whole. Five patients were not taking beta-blockers. The mean baseline pulse rate for this group was 78 beats/min and when maintained on pinacidil it was 82 beats/min (NS). Six patients were not taking diuretics. The mean baseline weight for this group was 78.5 kg and while maintained on pinacidil it was 79.2 kg (NS). There was no occurrence of oedema, hirsutism or first dose phenomenon. The mean glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow for the renal group was 35.4 ml/min and 192.3 ml/min before pinacidil and after six months they were 32.7 ml/min and 183.2 ml/min (NS) respectively. Six patients experienced minor side-effects. We conclude that pinacidil is a potent, well tolerated antihypertensive agent which merits further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544354
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pinacidil on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in essential hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 495-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; plasma catecholamines ; plasma renin activity ; diuretic drugs ; side-effects ; hydrochlorothiazide ; amiloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pinacidil, a new cyanoguanidine derivative, is an antihypertensive agent with arteriolar vasodilating properties, which acts on precapillary resistance vessels. A trial was carried out in 30 patients with essential hypertension WHO I-II. The treatment period was divided into three phases. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride were administered for 4 weeks in Phase 1 and supine and standing blood pressure decreased significantly. During Phase 2 pinacidil was added to HCTZ/amiloride for the following 3 months. A further significant reduction in blood pressure was obtained. In the next period of treatment (Phase 3) patients were divided into two groups. For 1 month Group A (15 patients) received pinacidil alone and Group B (15 patients) received HCTZ/amiloride. Conventional laboratory blood tests in all patients remained unchanged during treatment. Reported side effects during Phase 2 were headache (2 patients), dizziness (3 patients), palpitations (2 patients) and ankle oedema (2 patients). Plasma renin activity was slightly increased at the end both of Phases 1 and 2. Plasma catecholamines were increased but not significantly at the end of Phase 2 as compared to Phase 1. The results indicate that pinacidil is effective in lowering blood pressure in mild to moderate essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544057
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atenolol versus pindolol: Side-effects in hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; pindolol ; sleep disturbance ; β-blockers ; dreaming ; fatigue ; hypertension ; lipophilicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This randomized crossover out-patient study was designed to compare the antihypertensive effects of atenolol and pindolol. After a wash-out period of two weeks in pretreated cases, 107 patients with essential hypertension were given either atenolol 100 mg once-daily or pindolol 20 mg slow release (SR) once-daily. Both atenolol and pindolol lowered blood pressure over the 24 week period. The diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly greater (p〈0.01) with atenolol than with pindolol. Before β-blocker therapy, many patients had already experienced side-effects such as fatigue, sleep disturbances and dreams. This probably relates to the high sensitivity of the analogue scale used to assess side-effects, and to the high incidence of such symptoms in untreated patients. As the study progressed there was a reduction in the frequency of fatigue (p〈0.03) and dreams (p〈0.05) in both groups, whereas sleep disturbances significantly increased under pindolol (p〈0.05) but decreased under atenolol (p〈0.05). The only important side-effect difference between the two β-blockers was the higher incidence of sleep disturbances with pindolol which may be due to the higher lipophilicity of this β-blocker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543717
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prazosin once or twice daily? (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prazosin ; hypertension ; concurrent medication ; side-effects ; dose frequency ; slow release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 20 patients with long-standing essential hypertension, a comparison was made in a randomized cross-over study of the effect of once and twice daily prazosin administration on blood pressure levels. Concurrent medication (beta-blocker and/or saluretic once daily) remained constant throughout the study. Blood pressure measurements were carried out by a nurse using a Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer, both in the clinic and at home, and using a Roche Kontron Arteriosonde SR-2 at home. Observations made in the morning and in the evening showed no significant difference in blood pressure between the once and twice daily treatments. Eight patients complained of dizziness and faintness half an hour after taking the once daily dose. However, they felt quite well on the twice daily regimen. The mean daily dose in these 8 patients was prazosin 8.4 mg, range 6–12 mg. No indication was found that the subjective adverse side effects were correlated with the serum prazosin level. The complaints noted may possibly be overcome by taking the once daily dose late in the evening, just before retiring. Better still, the development of a slow-release formulation for daily dosages of 6 mg and over is suggested.
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  • 19
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    Effects of BAYl 5240, a fixed combination of low dose nifedipine and acebutolol on hypertension: Comparison with standard dose nifedipine (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; acebutolol ; hypertension ; combination therapy ; double-blind study ; adverse effects ; BAYl 5240
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 116 patients from 4 clinics participated in a double blind study to assess the efficacy of (BAYl 5240), a nifedipine-acebutolol fixed combination (10 mg+100 mg), as compared to nifedipine 20 mg in essential hypertension. During the 10 week study, the mean recumbent blood pressure decreased 1 to 3 h after treatment from 175.5/105.2 to 148.3/88.0 mmHg in the BAY1 5240 group and from 174.3/102.9 to 150.3/86.5 mmHg in the nifedipine group. The results also showed a comparable decrease in the mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures before treatment (24 h after last tablet) and after physical exertion before and after either drug given for 4 weeks. Doubling of the dose for 4 additional weeks produced a moderate and similar additional decrease in blood pressure. The results show the possibility of treating essential hypertension with a low dose of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent in combination with 10 mg nifedipine. Both regimens were well tolerated. One patient in the BAYl 5240 group and 2 in the nifedipine group, all treated by the same investigator, were withdrawn from the study because of headache during the nifedipine pre-period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635702
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  • 20
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    Bromocriptine reduces plasma noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in normal and hypotensive subjects (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1985), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bromocriptine ; hypertension ; plasma catecholamines ; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ; peripheral dopamine receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a single oral dose of bromocriptine 2.5 mg was evaluated in 11 normotensive and 6 hypertensive volunteers. 150 min after drug administration, a significant decrease in plasma noradrenaline concentration from 202 to 124 pg/ml in normotensive and from 197 to 119 pg/ml in hypertensive patients was observed. Plasma 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, fell from 1132 to 956 pg/ml in normal subjects and from 1242 to 807 pg/ml in hypertensives. No change in plasma adrenaline was found. At the same time, mean arterial pressure showed a significant decrease from 90 to 81 and from 132 to 111 mmHg in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, respectively. Bromocriptine also inhibited the increase in noradrena-line level that occurred when the subjects changed from the supine to the standing position. The inhibition was more evident in hypertensive subjects. It is suggested that the hypotensive effect of bromocriptine is mediated by the inhibition of noradrenaline release due to the stimulation of dopamine receptors on noradrenergic nerve terminals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547047
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  • 21
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    Effects of a new diuretic piretanide on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and 125I-insulin binding (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1985), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piretanide ; hypertension ; glucose tolerance ; loop diuretics ; insulin secretion ; insulin binding ; C-peptide ; glycohaemoglobin A1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a new diuretic, piretanide, on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and 125I-insulin binding to erythrocytes was studied in 12 male patients with mild essential hypertension. After a 4 week wash-out period with placebo, piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was administered in a single-blind manner for 8 consecutive weeks. Although glucose tolerance deteriorated slightly in one patient, the diuretic treatment had no effect on the mean blood glucose concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests or on glyco-haemoglobin A1 measurements, both studies being done at 4 week intervals. Preservation of euglycemia was associated with increased insulin secretion. After 8 weeks of piretanide therapy the basal C-peptide concentration was 61% higher than the pretreatment level (0.44 vs 0.71 µU/ml; p〈0.05). Glucagon — stimulated C-peptide concentrations were significantly elevated after 4 (1.67 vs 2.53 µU/ml, p〈0.05) and after 8 weeks (1.67 vs. 2.90 µU/ml, p〈0.01) of diuretic treatment. Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were virtually unchanged by the drug therapy. The enhanced insulin secretion did not appear secondary to increased insulin resistance at the insulin receptor level, since the specific bound fraction of 125I-insulin remained unaffected by diuretic treatment. Although short-term loop diuretic treatment appears to have no effect on glucose tolerance, the very low density lipoprotein synthetic rate may be promoted by the increased insulin secretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547052
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  • 22
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    Cold sensitivity in essential hypertension: the effect of beta- and combined alpha- and beta-blockade (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cold sensitivity ; hypertension ; alpha- and beta-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of cold sensitivity was investigated in three groups of patients; untreated hypertensives and hypertensives treated by a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol) or by a combined alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocker (labetalol) at two ambient temperatures. At a comfortable ambient (24°C) one-third of the untreated and those treated with beta-blockade only showed cold sensitivity as compared with 16% of patients on the combined therapy. Under conditions of mild cold stress (20°C) cold sensitivity increased in frequency in all three groups, more than half of the untreated and beta-blocked patients were affected and greater than one-third of those with alpha- and beta-blockade. These findings indicate that in the general population of hypertensives treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockade alone may have little effect on the peripheral vasculature and that a useful degree of protection may be provided by therapy which blocks both receptors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547365
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  • 23
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    Haemodynamic effects of enalapril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, in hypertensive patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; ACE inhibitor ; hypertension ; haemodynamic effects ; renin-angiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of enalapril (EN), a new, long-acting, nonsulphhydryl converting enzyme inhibitor, were evaluated by non-invasive methods in 10 adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH). Patients were randomly assigned, double blind to 2 treatment groups (EN 20 mg o.d. or 10 mg b.d.) for 4 weeks, and were crossed over to the other dosage regimen after a 2-week washout period. Measurements included mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), limb blood flow (LBF), plasma aldosterone (ALD), plasma renin activity (PRA) and systolic time intervals (STI). Both regimens (b.d. and o.d.) significantly reduced MAP (15.3% and 16.3%, respectively), total peripheral resistance (20.3% and 21.8%, respectively), limb vascular resistance (24.1% and 24.9%) and ALD (33.5% and 36.9%) and increased CO (7.8% and 8.7%), LBF (10.9% and 11.6%) and PRA (10.4% and 9.5%). No significant change was observed in HR or STI. EN 20 mg o.d. or 10 mg b.d. reduced arterial pressure to a similar extent through a fall in total peripheral resistance. An increase in CO was also observed.
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  • 24
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    The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a new calcium antagonist nisoldipine in normotensive and hypertensive subjects (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; nifedipine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; calcium channel blocking drugs ; hypertension ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of nifedipine and nisoldipine were compared in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Nisoldipine, 10 mg significantly reduced systolic blood pressure but nifedipine 20 mg retard did not, although both drugs had significant pharmacodynamic effects as evidenced by increased heart rates. The terminal elimination half-life in plasma was similar for both drugs with a mean of 2 h. The pharmacodynamics of nisoldipine were studied in 8 hypertensives following both acute and chronic administration. Antihypertensive efficacy was demonstrated after acute dosing and was maintained over 4 weeks of twice daily treatment as monotherapy.
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  • 25
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    Effects of the dopaminergic agonist cianergoline on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and the sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cianergoline ; hypertension ; dopaminergic agonist ; renin angiotensin aldosterone ; lipid metabolism ; benign essential hypertension ; side-effects ; prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cianergoline is a new dopaminergic agonist with a predominant cardiovascular action. Its effects on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, the sympathetic nervous system and lipid metabolism were assessed in 20 patients with benign essential hypertension. Cianergoline given in increasing doses for 4 weeks (maximum daily dose 12±2 mg (SD)) and placebo both caused a slight decrease in arterial pressure, (from 159/104 to 152/98 mm Hg and from 154/104 to 149/103 mm, respectively; difference not significant). Supine and upright plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine levels, urinary catecholamine excretion rates as well as serum prolactin, low and high density cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not changed after cianergoline or placebo. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased significantly after placebo, but were unchanged after cianergoline. 3 out of 10 patients in the cianergoline group complained of nausea. The findings indicate that the new dopaminergic agonist cianergoline exerts only a mild blood pressure lowering effect in patients with essential hypertension and does not modify the release of prolactin, lipid metabolism or the basal activity or postural responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and of the sympathetic nervous system.
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  • 26
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    Effect of verapamil on renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone and arginine vasopressin in essential hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: verapamil ; hypertension ; renal haemodynamics ; glomerular filtration ; arginine vasopressin ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone and arginine vasopressin, free water clearance, blood pressure and body weight in 11 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were determined at the end of consecutive 6 week periods of administration of placebo and verapamil up to 120 mg t.i.d. Verpamil induced a 10% reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Compared with placebo none of the other parameters measured changed after treatment with verapamil. There was no significant correlation between blood pressure and arginine vasopressin in plasma. It is concluded that verapamil reduced blood pressure by vasodilatation without activation of the counterbalancing mechanisms commonly seen after treatment with vasodilating drugs, i.e. tachycardia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, water and salt retention, and without affecting renal haemodynamics. AVP does not seem to be involved in blood pressure regulation in mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544077
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  • 27
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    The influence of alpha1-adrenergic blockade on the acute antihypertensive effect of nifedipine (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; prazosin ; hypertension ; alpha1-adrenergic blockade ; calcium antagonism ; vasodilatation ; plasma noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypotensive effect of vasodilator monotherapy in hypertension is attenuated by a baroreceptor-mediated increase in the sympathetic release of noradrenaline. Nifedipine induces a rise in noradrenaline release, but it is not known to affect noradrenaline-induced vascular contraction of smooth muscle to a clinically significant degree. The haemodynamic and hormonal effects of a single sublingual dose of nifedipine 20 mg in 8 moderately hypertensive patients have been studied before and during postsynaptic alpha1-blockade with prazosin. The antihypertensive effect of nifedipine was significantly increased by prazosin pretreatment (fall in mean arterial pressure 60 min after nifedipine: −16.7% with and −8.5% without prazosin), despite similar increases in plasma noradrenaline. Prazosin alone caused no change in supine blood pressure for 2 h after an oral dose of 2 mg. The findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that prazosin blocks a compensatory reaction to vasodilatation caused by nifedipine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544078
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  • 28
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    Single and divided daily dose piretanide in the treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension: A double-blind comparison with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piretanide ; hypertension ; hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride ; serum potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomised double blind study in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, piretanide 6 mg once and twice daily significantly reduced both supine and erect blood pressure. This was seen after only 2 weeks and a further progressive reduction was evident over the ensuing 12-week trial period. The higher dose produced a mean maximal fall of 29% in supine diastolic pressure, compared with 23% after the lower dose; the difference is not significant. Hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/amiloride 5 mg twice daily (HCT/A) also reduced supine blood pressure significantly after 2 weeks, but the reduction in erect diastolic blood pressure did not achieve statistical significance until 8 weeks. The maximal effect (a 13% fall in supine diastolic blood pressure) was significantly less than that of either piretanide regimen. Blood pressures in this group also returned more rapidly to pretreatment levels during the placebo washout phase at the end of the study. HCT/A produced a significant sustained rise in serum potassium and a reduction in serum sodium and chloride. Piretanide had minimal effects on serum electrolytes.
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  • 29
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    Multicentre comparison of the antihypertensive effect of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated mild-moderate hypertension in the elderly (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; acebutolol ; hydrochlorothiazide ; elderly ; cross-over trial ; blood pressure reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the efficacy of acebutolol, 400–600 mg/day in elderly hypertensive patients, and to compare it with hydrochlorothiazide 25–50 mg/day, 45 patients with mild-moderate uncomplicated hypertension were treated for 6 weeks in a multicentre, single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Acebutolol decreased supine systolic blood pressure from 186.5 to 162.7 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 107.4 to 92.4 mmHg. Hydrochlorothiazide decreased systolic blood pressure from 185.0 to 166.4 and diastolic blood pressure from 107.2 to 96.4. There was no difference between the effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure during the trial. Both drugs proved to be safe and effective antihypertensive agents, provided the major contraindications for their use were taken into account. Beta-blockade by acebutolol was highly effective in treating mild-moderate arterial hypertension in the elderly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544080
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  • 30
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    Acute and long-term antihypertensive effect of bopindolol – A nonselective β-adrenergic blocker with ISA (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bopindolol ; metoprolol ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; effect duration ; hypertension ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 14 male hypertensive patients, mean age 53 years first took part in a 3 month, double-blind crossover comparison of 1–2 mg bopindolol, a nonselective β-blocker with ISA, and 100–200 mg metoprolol. Effects on blood pressure and heart rate were followed. One patient dropped out after the initial phase and the remaining 13 patients were followed for 1 year on bopindolol. 8 patients measured blood pressure at home, and in them bopindolol 1 mg o.d. and 8 mg once weekly were compared in a double-blind fashion, for 3 weeks on each regimen. Finally, after 1 year on bopindolol, treatment was withdrawn and blood pressure and heart rate were followed in 10 of the initial patients. Bopindolol in a mean doese of 1.35 mg/day caused a significant reduction in blood in pressure (26/15 mmHg), as did metoprolol (24/13 mmHg) in a mean dose of 144 mg/day. No significant difference in antihypertensive response was observed. Supine and standing heart rate were reduced both during bopindolol and metoprolol treatment. During long-term therapy with bopindolol, satisfactory blood pressure control was maintained up to 1 year in all patients, the average supine blood pressure being reduced from 173/107 to 144/90 mmHg. During treatment with bopindolol 8 mg once weekly, the blood pressure control was satisfactorily maintained over the week and no significant difference was observed in comparison with daily administration (1 mg) of the drug. When active treatment was withdrawn, a gradual increase in blood pressure and heart rate was observed, the pretreatment values being reached 8 weeks after discontinuation of bopindolol therapy. Thus, effective blood pressure control was achieved with bopindolol in patients with mild hypertension. The effect was sustained over 12 months and tolerance was good. The relatively long half-life of the drug made it possible to use it in once weekly regimen.
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  • 31
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    Improvement of glucose tolerance in hypertensive diabetic patients treated with guanfacine one year (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 391-393 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; guanfacine ; glucose tolerance ; insulin ; side-effects ; coronary risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study the effect of 1 year of antihypertensive treatment with guanfacine (g) has been evaluated in 18 hypertensive patients with adult-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (WHO Type II). The treatment produced a marked improvement in the oral glucose tolerance test; guanfacine significantly decreased serum glucose levels, and affected only slightly the insulin secretion. It is suggested that the effect of g may be mediated via a reduction in catecholamine and/or growth hormone and ACTH secretion. The present results also suggest that treatment with guanfacine may improve individual coronary risk in hypertensive diabetic patients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613450
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  • 32
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    Controlled clinical trial of cadralazine as a second-step drug in the treatment of hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; cadralazine ; vasodilators ; chlorthalidone ; atenolol ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive efficacy of a new long-lasting vasodilator, cadralazine, and the diuretic chlorthalidone have been compared in hypertensive patients receiving concurrent treatment with atenolol. After a 4-week run-in period with atenolol alone 100 mg/day, two groups of 10 patients whose diastolic blood pressure exceeded 100 mm Hg were given for a period of 65 days either cadralazine 15 mg/day or chlorthalidone 25 mg/day, according to a randomized, double-blind, between-patients design. Compared to atenolol alone, both cadralazine and chlorthalidone induced a statistically and clinically significant decrease in blood pressure. The antihypertensive effect did not differ significantly between groups. Good compensation of the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate was obtained with cadralazine, whereas during atenolol + chlorthalidone treatment at times the standing heart rate was significantly lower than during treatment with atenolol + cadralazine. Side-effects, many of which were already present during atenolol treatment, occurred with a similar frequency in both groups. It is concluded that atenolol + cadralazine and atenolol + chlorthalidone are equally well tolerated, acceptable and effective in the treatment of hypertension, but that further studies are warranted to explore the potential haemodynamic advantages of the cadralazine + atenolol combination.
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  • 33
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    Treatment of essential hypertension: Changes in blood pressure echocardiography and electrocardiography on three therapeutic regimes (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 119-124 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; cardiac hypertrophy ; echocardiography ; therapeutic regimes ; beta-receptor blockade ; hydralazine ; methyl-dopa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-three patients with essential hypertension were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment regimes; — atenolol, atenolol and hydralazine or methyl dopa. Blood pressure fell into the normal range at 3 months and was similar in all 3 groups. Blood pressure remained controlled over the period of study. M-mode echocardiography was assessed initially, at 3, 6 and 12 months. All groups showed a fall in the measured indices towards the normal range with a significant reduction in left ventricular wall thickness at 3 months in the methyl dopa group and left ventricular mass in the atenolol group alone of 6 months. In conclusion, no one treatment regime appeared to have sustained advantages over another and none of the groups showed any deterioration on echocardiographic criteria during the study.
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  • 34
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    Pinacidil, a new vasodilator, in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 347-349 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; vasodilation ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty three patients with essential hypertension who were uncontrolled on diuretic and/or β-receptor antagonist therapy were treated additionally with the vasodilator, pinacidil, in an open study. Significant reduction in mean blood pressure was achieved. Supine and erect systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 44/25 mmHg and 37/24 mmHg respectively over the study period of 12 weeks. Side-effects such as dizziness, headache, facial flushing and mild oedema were experienced by 10 patients during the study, all of which were mild and transient and did not require withdrawal from pinacidil therapy. Pinacidil is an effective and well tolerated agent in the treatment of essential hypertension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543335
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  • 35
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    Antihypertensive therapy with a single daily dose of acebutolol in essential hypertension, response and ophthalmological assessment in the Japanese (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 709-711 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acebutolol ; hypertension ; antinuclear antibody ; practolol syndrome ; ocular examination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients with essential hypertension were given 400 mg acebutolol once daily for 24 weeks. In order to study if side effects resembling the “Practolol syndrome” developed, ocular effects were sought and antinuclear antibody (ANA) in blood was assessed before and after treatment. ANA was negative both before and after the study in 17 patients; in one patient ANA was positive, but the titre (1:10) was low and did not change during the study. Acebutolol produced no undesirable effects on cornea, conjunctiva or lens. During acebutolol treatment, tear secretion was reduced but tear lysozyme concentration was not significantly altered. Overall, acebutolol had no undesirable action similar to the practolol-induced syndrome, nor did it cause such common clinical ocular symptoms such as dry or gritty eyes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607921
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  • 36
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    Antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine: A double-blind cross-over study (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: urapidil ; clonidine ; hypertension ; side-effects ; hypotensive effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine have been studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 11 hypertensive outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension, at rest and during isometric exercise. Urapidil 30 mg b.i.d. significantly decreased the standing diastolic blood pressure (p〈0.05) and the systolic blood pressure at the end of isometric exercise (p〈0.05). Clonidine 0.075–0.15 mg b.i.d. was more effective in decreasing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions as well as during isometric work (p〈0.05–0.001). Urapidil caused fewer side-effects than clonidine. Overall, in the doses used urapidil had a weaker antihypertensive effect and caused fewer side-effects than clonidine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635705
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmembrane potential and electrogenicity of platelet Na, K-ATPase in rats with various forms of hypertension (1985)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 100 (1985), S. 1045-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: membrane potential ; Na,K-pump ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837383
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms underlying hypertensive reactions under emotional stress (1985)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 15 (1985), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Keywords: stress ; hypertension ; pressor responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments on alert cats shifts of the systemic hemodynamics under emotional stress were studied. The hypertension caused by confrontation with a dog is shown in most cases to be attended by suppression of the baroreceptor reflexes. Hypertension does not develop in these animals after section of the sinocarotid and aortic nerves. In 2 cats the baroreceptor reflexes did not change under emotional stress and deafferentation of the carotid sinuses and arch of the aorta intensified hypertension upon confrontation with a dog. It is concluded that diverse mechanisms lead to hypertension under emotional stress in different animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182991
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