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  • evolution
  • Springer  (38)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1988  (22)
  • 1985  (16)
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Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Springer  (38)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (38)
  • 1980-1984
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 34 (1985), S. 3-51 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): anthropic principle ; creativity ; evolution ; insight ; manifestation ; mental creativity ; organismal creativity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 919-930 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Heart ; circulation ; blood ; lower vertebrate ; embryology ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In very few instances can the cardiovascular systems of adult ‘lower’ vertebrates serve asdirect models for development in ‘higher’ vertebrates, primarily because numerous evolutionary specializations for preferential distribution of cardiac output between systemic tissues and gas exchange, organs occur in the highly derived circulation of most extant lower vertebrates. Yet, the extensive literature on the cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of aquatic and air breathing fishes, amphibians and reptiles offers important conceptual insights into both patterns and mechanisms of development in birds and mammals. The primary contribution of such studies to the student of developing bird and mammal circulations is the clear demonstration that surprisingly complex hemodynamic function can develop from supposedly ‘simple’ cardiovascular systems typified by incompletely divided heart chambers. Thus, the hemodynamics of embryonic bird and mammal circulations should be determined by measurement, rather than inferred from structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Pieridae ; Lepidoptera ; systematics ; evolution ; enzyme electrophoresis ; genetic differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Enzyme electrophoretic data show a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity within the European group ofnapi s.l. whereas genetic differences exist at several loci between the European and the North American taxa ofnapi s.l. It is concluded that the European taxa did not differentiate to the species level and form a phylogenetically young group. The North American taxa included in this study are specifically distinct from Europeannapi and separated much earlier. Within these North American taxamarginalis, oleracea andvirginiensis did undergo speciation. The data show a splitting of the genusPieris into three species groups, each genetically differentiated to the same level. The splitting ofPieris into two genera, as suggested by earlier investigators, is not supported here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1231-1235 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Sex ; recombination ; evolution ; parasites ; the Tangled Bank ; the Red Queen ; sex-allocation ; sexual selection ; sex determination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1235-1245 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Sex ; evolution ; the Tangled Bank ; the Red Queen ; recombination experiments ; genotype × environment interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 297-303 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; creation science ; creationism ; evolution ; hundredth monkey phenomenon ; paranormal ; pseudoscience
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Public suspicion of science stems from science's challenging of perceptions and myths about reality, and a public fear of new technology. The result is a susceptibility to pseudoscience. In claiming that creation ‘science’ is as valid as evolution the creationists misquote scientists and seek to spread their own ‘scientific’ myths concerning a young age for the earth, an act of creation based on a particular literalist interpretation of the Christian Bible and a single worldwide flood. They use methods of debate and politics, rather than scientific research. A selection of their arguments is examined and the nature of the evidence for evolution is discussed. Problems with the creation ‘science’ model are noted. In the myth of the hundredth monkey phenomenon, original research is misquoted to denigrate scientific research and support sentimental ideas of paranormal events. The misuse of science is seen as damaging to society because it reduces the effective gathering and application of scientific information. However, pseudoscience provides a valuable guide to gaps in public scientific education.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; monophagy ; polyphagy ; host range ; Vespidae ; caterpillars ; predation ; Mischocyttarus flavitarsus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The narrow host range of insect herbivores is noted, and some of the reasons why specificity has evolved are reviewed. Works indicating the need for new approaches are pointed out including the possibility that generalist predators provide a suitable pressure. Experiments to test the hypothesis that generalists are more vulnerable than specialists to predators are described. They involved a vespid wasp and over thirty species pairs of caterpillars, matched for size and density. Overall, generalists were taken more readily than specialists: some but not all reasons could be detected. The results are discussed in ecological and evolutionary terms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 159-163 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; red pulp ; storage ; release ; morphology ; evolution ; structural characteristics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; non-mammalian spleen ; mammalian spleen ; comparative macromorphology ; comparative micromorphology ; intralienal vessels ; extralienal vessels ; differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 735-738 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Insect ; flight ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The activity patterns of interneurones in the flight systems of dragonflies and mayflies were investigated using standard intracellular recording and staining techniques, and were compared with those of crickets and locusts. The results show several basic similarities in the operation of a central motor pattern generator for flight in all four groups of insects. These similarities can be explained as resulting from conservative evolution of flight pattern generating circuitry within the central nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 633-637 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Morphogenesis ; evolution ; development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 697-700 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Lizard ; Chamaeleontidae ; Agamidae ; tongue ; feeding ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An incipient form of tongue projection occurs inPhrynocephalus helioscopus, a generalized agamid lizard. We argue that this condition represents a functional intermediate between typical lingual prehension and chamaeleontid tongue projection, and that tongue projection evolved in chameleons by augmentation of ancestral mechanisms still operating in related, generalized lizards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1285-1296 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Sex ; sex determination ; sex ratio ; evolution ; animals ; genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Theories on the evolution of sex determining mechanisms are reviewed for male and female heterogamety, environmental sex determination, and briefly, haplo-diploidy and hermaphroditism. Because of their discrete and well-defined nature, sex determining mechanisms lend themselves to three types of evolutionary questions:what variety occurs and might be expected but does not occur,how do changes occur from one mechanism to another, andwhy do certain changes occur? All three approaches were illustrated for these different sex determining mechanisms. A generality emerging from these studies is that, at the level of selection on the sex ratio, there are no intrinsic problems in evolving from one sex determining mechanism to another: straightforward transitions between different mechanisms exist under various conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1471-1472 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphoglycerate mutase isozymes ; evolution ; gene duplication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme patterns from cyclostomata, cartilaginous and bony fish were analyzed. The observed patterns indicate that a duplication of a single ancestral gene coding for phosphoglycerate mutase took place during the evolution of the gnathostome vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 84 (1988), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): aging ; free radicals ; antioxidants ; disease ; evolution ; longevity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Aging is the progressive accumulation of changes with time that are responsible for the ever-increasing likelihood of disease and death. These irreversible changes are attributed to the aging process. This process is now the major cause of death in the developed countries. This fact is obscured by the protean nature of the contributions of this process to the events which terminate life. The aging process may be due to free radical reations. This theory is supported by: 1) studies on the origin and evolution of life; 2) the numerous studies of the effect of ionizing radiation on living systems; 3) life span experiments in which the diet was modified so as to alter endogenous free radical reaction levels; 4) the plausible explanations it provides for aging phenomena; and 5) the growing number of studies which implicate free radical reactions in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. The relationship between aging and diseases involving free radical reactions seems to be a direct one. Modulation of the normal distribution of deleterious free radical reaction-induced changes throughout the body by genetic and environmental differences between individuals results in patterns of change, in some sufficiently different from the normal aging pattern to be recognized as disease. The growing number of ‘free radical’ diseases includes the two major causes of death, cancer and atherosclerosis. It is reasonable to expect on the basis of present data that a judicious selection of diets and antioxidant supplements will increase the healthy, active life span by 5–10 or more years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 125-137 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum timopheevii ; Triticum speltoides ; G genome ; tetraploids ; evolution ; DNA hybridizations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In vitro DNA:DNA hybridizations and hydroxyapatite thermal-elution chromatography were employed to identify the diploid Triticum species ancestral to the G genome of Triticum timopheevii. Total genomic, unique-sequence, and repeated-sequence fractions of 3H-T. timopheevii DNA were hybridized to the corresponding fractions of unlabeled DNAs of T. searsii, T. speltoides, T. sharonensis, T. longissimum, and T. bicorne. The heteroduplex thermal stabilities indicated that, of the five species examined, T. speltoides was the most closely related to the G genome of T. timopheevii. Thus, T. spelotides appears to be the G-genome donor to T. timopheevii. The thermal stability profiles further indicated that the repeated DNA fractions from the five diploid species and the tetraploid T. timopheevii are more similar than the unique DNA fractions. This indicates that all of these species are closely related and that the sequences which comprise the current repeated fractions in the various species have not undergone any significant change since the formation of various species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): Xenopus ; creatine kinase ; isozymes ; gene duplication and regulation ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis of creatine kinase (CK) isozymes of Xenopus tropicalis shows that at least two different genes code for CK in this diploid (2n=20) species. These genes seem to be orthologous to the CK-A and CK-C genes of extant crossopterygian fish. Additional isozymes may be interpreted either as products of duplicate genes or, more probably, as epigenetically modified forms of the homodimers AtAt and CtCt, respectively. The originally tetraploid species X. laevis laevis (2n=36), which may have arisen by hybridization of diploid ancestors some 30–40 million years ago, has retained expression of all duplicate CK-A and CK-C genes. Differential expression during ontogenesis (CK-A genes) and in different adult tissues (CK-C genes) indicates that divergence occurred not only with respect to the primary sequence of these duplicate genes, but also with respect to the regulation of their expression. In the interspecific hybrid X. 1. laevis × X. tropicalis, all parental CK genes appear to be expressed simultaneously in the heart. However, several subunit combinations cannot be detected on the zymograms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): storage protein ; evolution ; napin ; matteuccin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The ostrich fern,Matteuccia struthiopteris L., contains two globulin spore storage proteins of 2.2 S and 11.3 S, with physical characteristics similar to those of seed storage proteins ofBrassica napus (rapeseed) andRaphanus sativus (radish). By the use of a cloned cDNA that encodes the 1.7 SB. napus storage protein (napin), gene sequences that hybridized with napin were detected in fern nuclear DNA, and a 900-nucleotide homologous mRNA was detected in developing spores.In vitro translation of this fern mRNA produced a 22-kD polypeptide comparable in size to the 21-kD precursor polypeptide identified inBrassica. No hybridizations were observed between theBrassica 12 S clone and either fern DNA or developing spore mRNA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 465-482 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): kin recognition ; animal communication ; signature systems ; birds ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract I develop the argument that for a true kin recognition system to evolve, selection must act on both parties: not only must recognition be favored in the donor of care, but reliable identification must be favored in the potential recipient of the care. This perspective suggests two complementary hypotheses, which I discuss and evaluate with data drawn from studies of birds. According to thesignature adaptation hypothesis, when the sender benefits by reliably identifying itself, selection will act directly on phenotypic characters so as to enhance their signature properties. I summarize our studies on parent-offspring recognition in four species of swallows which are consistent with this hypothesis. In particular, acoustical and perceptual analyses of chick calls show that the calls of colonial swallows are more individually distinctive than are the chick calls of noncolonial swallows. According to theantirecognition hypothesis, when the sender doesnot benefit by reliably identifying itself, selection will act so as to minimize signature characteristics. I suggest two contexts for research on this hypothesis. The first context occurs when parentage is uncertain due to extrapair copulations and/or egg-dumping, and the second context occurs when there is a long period between the onset of chick mobility and chick fledging, as occurs typically in gulls. In both instances, parents will be favored to recognize genetic relatedness of offspring but offspring will be favored to conceal it. To date, data from bird studies are consistent with the prediction that the interests of chicks win out in this situation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 1 (1988), S. 175-192 
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; biotechnology ; ecology ; ecosystem ; environment ; ethics ; evolution ; genetics ; health ; medicine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The maintenance of biodiversity is urged from many quarters and on grounds ranging from aesthetic considerations to its usefulness, particularly for biotechnology. But regardless of the grounds for preserving biodiversity, writers are generally in agreement that it should be preserved. But, in examining the various references “biodiversity,” such as species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity, it is apparent that we cannot aim to preserve biodiversityas such, since there are a number of conflicts in any such undertaking. In preserving one aspect of biodiversity, we damage another aspect. Five arguments which attempt to ground our moral concern for biodiversity are reviewed and critiqued, not only for their consistency but also for their power to move us to action. The final section of the paper shows how conflicts in the values of personal and environmental health can impair ethical action and especially policy formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 693-703 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; gliadins ; gel electrophoresis ; evolution ; genetic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gliadin composition of 78 spring durum wheat varieties has been studied by one-dimensional (Al-lactate,pH 3.1) and two-dimensional (first dimension, Al-lactate,pH 3.1; second dimension, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Analysis of hybrids has shown that all components of the α zone of gliadin spectra are inherited together as blocks and are, probably, coded for by a cluster of tightly linked genes located on chromosome 6A. Fourteen variants of gliadin blocks have been identified, which can be classified into five families on the basis of component composition. All families but one have analogues among chromosome 6A-controlled blocks of bread wheat. The results indicate that some of the genome A diploid genotypes that were ancestors of durum wheats were also ancestors of bread wheats and that polyploid wheats were produced by repeated allopolyploidization events, as has been suggested earlier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 693-703 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; gliadins ; gel electrophoresis ; evolution ; genetic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gliadin composition of 78 spring durum wheat varieties has been studied by one-dimensional (Al-lactate,pH 3.1) and two-dimensional (first dimension, Al-lactate,pH 3.1; second dimension, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Analysis of hybrids has shown that all components of the α zone of gliadin spectra are inherited together as blocks and are, probably, coded for by a cluster of tightly linked genes located on chromosome 6A. Fourteen variants of gliadin blocks have been identified, which can be classified into five families on the basis of component composition. All families but one have analogues among chromosome 6A-controlled blocks of bread wheat. The results indicate that some of the genome A diploid genotypes that were ancestors of durum wheats were also ancestors of bread wheats and that polyploid wheats were produced by repeated allopolyploidization events, as has been suggested earlier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): storage protein ; evolution ; napin ; matteuccin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The ostrich fern,Matteuccia struthiopteris L., contains two globulin spore storage proteins of 2.2 S and 11.3 S, with physical characteristics similar to those of seed storage proteins ofBrassica napus (rapeseed) andRaphanus sativus (radish). By the use of a cloned cDNA that encodes the 1.7 SB. napus storage protein (napin), gene sequences that hybridized with napin were detected in fern nuclear DNA, and a 900-nucleotide homologous mRNA was detected in developing spores.In vitro translation of this fern mRNA produced a 22-kD polypeptide comparable in size to the 21-kD precursor polypeptide identified inBrassica. No hybridizations were observed between theBrassica 12 S clone and either fern DNA or developing spore mRNA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 483-497 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Schlagwort(e): mice ; behavior ; domestication ; drift ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three populations of randomly bredMus musculus, differing in size and generations of isolation, were scored on a battery of 16 behavioral and 4 physical measures. The pattern of population differences in wheel activity, open-field behavior, skin conductance, and shuttle-box behavior is consistent with the operation of drift associated more closely with small population size than with generations of separation. Other possible explanations are less likely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 8 (1988), S. 585-588 
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Schlagwort(e): plants ; evolution ; transposable elements ; protein evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Transposable elements (TE) are natural constituents of plant genomes. However, their presence only becomes apparent if they become dislodged from their resident positions in the genome and transpore into another gene, thereby inducing a mutation. Such TE-induced mutations are somatically unstable because they revert to wild type and hence reconstitute the expression of the mutated gene. The frequent somatic excision of the TE results in a variegated phenotype. Since this instability is inherited in a Mendelian manner the variegated phenotype is nuclear determined. By this criterion TE have been shown to occur in more than 30 species belonging to different families and genera. Many questions arise when dealing with TE: their structure and functions, and the biological significance of the activity of elements in the differentiation of a normal plant or in the evolution of plant genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast ; evolution ; Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. ; rDNA spacer region
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The DNA segment situated between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes belonging to the plastid genome of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. has been sequenced. This small region (322 bp) contains two unsplit tRNA genes separated by 3 bp. A comparison with similar regions from different plants shows that this region has evolved in two different ways according to the place of plants in evolution. In the “primitive” group, this region is reduced in size when compared to prokaryotes. In the other groups, it is considerably enlarged by insertion of repetitive sequences, open reading frames and introns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 22 (1985), S. 105-115 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Schlagwort(e): ESS ; evolution ; game dynamics ; population genetics ; sexual populations ; strategies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract As an extension of the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) evolutionarily stable sets are introduced, i.e. sets of equilibrium strategies (EQS) which have much of the properties of an ESS. They are primarily used with evolutionary game models that allow a continuum of EQSs, none of which can be an ESS, but also include common ESSs as a special case. For a large class even of nonlinear models it can be shown that the standard dynamics converge towards some equilibrium point in an ES set if started within a neighbourhood of the set. Important applications of ES sets include e.g. mixed-strategist models and evolutionary game models in sexual populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Nicotiana. — Habituation ; differentiation ; crown gall ; tissue culture ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Differentiation on hormoneless media, habituation ability and crown gall induction inNicotiana tissue cultures have been used as physiological parameters of evolutionary differentiation between species. Some of them on hormone free media differentiated whole plantlets, others produced only shoots or roots or showed undifferentiated growth (habituation), some eventually died. Moreover, the same genotypes showed a differential behaviour as far as tumor formation byAgrobacterium tumefaciens was concerned. Particularly, the competence for crown gall transformation inNicotiana species seems negatively correlated with differentiation capacity and may be ascribed to differences in the plants capacity to synthesize growth regulators. The correlation between the results obtained and the phylogenetic position of the genotypes tested is finally discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 173-183 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Alismataceae ; Baldellia ; Reproductive biology ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The reproductive biology of the genusBaldellia was studied under cultivation and in nature.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens is self-incompatible whereasB. ranunculoides subsp.ranunculoides andB. alpestris are self-compatible. Bud-pollination occurs in theB. alpestris. Self-incompatibility correlates with the production of fewer, larger, more showy flowers, higher pollen production (but reduced pollen grain size), fewer carpels and smaller seeds. Resource allocation to sexual reproduction is inversely correlated with the degree of vegetative growth.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens produces more ramets than subsp.ranunculoides, which reproduces mainly by seeds.B. alpestris is intermediate between the two since it is self-compatible, produces fewer, larger seed than subsp.ranunculoides and is also able to propagate by vegetative means.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 193-215 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Alliaceae ; Allium ; Distribution ; historical phytogeography ; chromosome number ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Greece is considered as a secondary centre of evolution for the genusAllium since it possesses about 50% of the species known from the whole Flora Europaea area. In the present investigation 44 GreekAllium spp. have been studied and new chromosome counts are reported from 40 populations and 17 species. The distribution of the different cytotypes (x = 7, x = 8, x = 11 and 2n = 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x) in Greece is discussed. From the four phytogeographical subdivisions recognized, South continental Greece shows the greatest species and karyotype diversity. This phenomenon is probably due to the geographical position and to the geological history of this area which has received species and populations from different directions. Subsequently, hybridization apparently has been of evolutionary importance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 195-205 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Leguminosae ; Medicago ; Trigonella ; Melilotus ; Trifolium ; Parochetus ; Ononis ; Pollen ; pollination ; ovule ; adaptation ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Relative pollen and ovule production in the genera of the legume tribeTrifolieae is explored particularly as to howMedicago with its explosive pollination mechanism compares with its allies.Medicago produces much larger, although much fewer pollen per ovule than the other five genera in the tribe; this is interpreted as a consequence of its highly specialized, irreversible pollination mechanism, which allows only one effective exchange of pollen with pollinators.Melilotus andTrifolium produce a comparatively large quantity of pollen; this can be related to their floral characteristics requiring abundant pollen to achieve fertilization. InMedicago andTrigonella, annuals convert a higher proportion of pollen grains and ovules into seeds than perennials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 18 (1988), S. 205-222 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): ATP synthase ; chloroplast ; evolution ; gene expression ; operon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Three CF1 and three CF0 subunits of the chloroplast H+-ATP synthase are encoded on the chloroplast genome. The chloroplast atp genes are organized as two operons in plants but not in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The atpBE or β operon shows a relatively simple organisation and transcription pattern, while the atpIHFA or α operon is transcribed into a large variety of mRNAs. The atp genes are related to those of cyanobacteria and, more distantly, to those of non-photosynthetic bacteria such as E. coli, suggesting a common origin of most F1F0 ATP synthase subunits. Both the chloroplast and cyanobacterial ATP synthases have four F0 subunits, not three as in the E. coli complex. The proton pore of the CF0 is proposed to be formed by the interaction of subunits III and IV.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 167-168 (1988), S. 617-622 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): parasites ; Copepoda ; Caligidae ; appendages ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The genera Caligus and Lepeophtheirus can be used to illustrate some evolutionary trends. The most striking example of these trends is a gradual reduction of the fourth thoracopod, now largely functionless. All stages of this reduction can be found in Caligidae. Other, apparently correlated, changes are also present. For example, reduction in the armature of the first thoracopod occurs mainly among species in which the fourth exopod has become two-segmented, though still retaining the seta associated with the original three-segmented structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 167-168 (1988), S. 497-504 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Copepoda ; experiments ; swimming behaviour ; morphology ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Body morphology is said to be the all important factor in determining swimming prowess in copepods. Fusion and differentiation of the body (tagmosis) is coupled with advance into the pelagic realm of the Gymnoplea and is thought, by the provision of a rigid thoracic tagma, to promote swimming efficiency. Thus pelagic copepods are believed to be secondarily derived from bottom dwelling predecessors. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the majority of bottom dwelling harpacticoid families, including the most primitive and the most advanced, have representatives that undergo active sustained swimming movements. Such a widespread occurrence is indicative of a conservative evolutionary trait. This primitive behaviour is linked to precopulatory association which takes place necessarily in the water column; it is a feature retained by representatives of all copepod orders. The implication of cephalic appendage vibration (feeding currents) is the essential feature in the swimming success of the Gymnoplea; planktonic efficiency in these is suggested to have evolved coincident with, rather than because of increased tagmosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 5 (1985), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; mitochondrial DNA ; M13 dideoxy sequencing ; ribosomal gene ; soybean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The nucleotide sequence of the 18S rRNA gene from soybean mitochondria was determined and is presented here in comparison to the 18S rRNA genes from wheat and maize mitochondria. All three genes exhibit remarkable sequence similarity supporting the proposal that there is a slower rate of nucleotide divergence in plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as compared to the mtDNA of animals. A lower degree of sequence similarity is observed between the dicotyledenous plant soybean and either wheat (84%) or maize (85%) than between the two monocots (96%). A possible secondary structure for the soybean 18S rRNA is presented that is analogous to the proposed structure for the E. coli 16S rRNA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): evolution ; mitochondrial tRNA ; plant mitochondria ; tRNATyr structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two bean mitochondrial tRNAsTyr purified by RPC-5 chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis have been sequenced using post-labeling techniques. These two tRNAs only differ by three post-transcriptional modifications in the D-loop. They have a large variable loop and therefore resemble prokaryotic tRNAsTyr rather than eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAsTyr.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 46 (1985), S. 605-612 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Game theory ; evolutionarily stable strategies ; evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper deals with a mathematical game. As the name implies, the game concept is formulated with biological evolution in mind. An evolutionary game differs from the usual game concepts in that the players cannot choose their strategies. Rather, the strategies used by the players are handed down from generation to generation. It is the survival characteristics of a strategy that determine the outcome of the evolutionary game. Players interact and receive payoffs according to the strategies they are using. These interactions, in turn, determine the fitness of players using a given strategy. The survival characteristics of strategy are determined directly from the fitness functions. Necessary conditions for determining an evolutionarily stable strategy are developed here for a continuous game. Results are illustrated with an example.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human evolution 3 (1988), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 1824-310X
    Schlagwort(e): Intelligence ; evolution ; allometry ; encephalization ; primates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This is a Special Issue on intelligence and evolutionary biology, based on selected lectures at a NATO Advanced Study Institute on this topic. The proceedings of the ASI have been published in a separate volume. The papers presented here have been reviewed and updated to reflect information available in 1988.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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