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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Higher order structure of chloroplastic 5S ribosomal RNA from spinach (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 27 (1988), S. 4721-4730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00413a021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and footprint analysis of two 5S rRNA binding proteins from spinach chloroplast ribosomes (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 5840-5846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00440a021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of a 16S rRNA pseudogene in the bi-molecular plastid genome of the primitive brown alga Pylaiella littoralis. Evolutionary implications (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 599-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: P. littoralis heterogeneous plastid genome ; Molecular phylogeny ; 16S rRNA pseudogene ; Small subunit rRNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The plastid genome of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. is composed of two different circular DNA molecules: the largest carries two rrn operons, and the smallest, only one copy of both 16S and 23S rDNAs. 16S rDNA copies located on both molecules have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined: they are 65% homologous to one another. The expression of these genes was assayed by hybridizing in vivo labelled P. littoralis rRNAs to both clones, and specific oligonucleotides to total RNA from P. littoralis. Results indicate that the 16S rDNA copy located on the small molecule is a pseudogene. Comparisons of the functional gene with other 16S rRNA genes shows that chloroplasts from green plants emerged earlier from the cyanobacterial lineage than Euglena gracilis and Pylaiella littoralis plastids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434086
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and transcription of the 5S rRNA gene from spinach chloroplasts (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Spinach ; Chloroplast ; 5S rRNA sequence ; Transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of the spinach chloroplast 5S rRNA gene and its flanking regions has been determined. A prokaryotic type promoter is to be found upstream of the 5S rRNA gene. Northern blot experiments with selected gene probes show that the 5S gene is co-transcribed with the other ribosomal genes of the operon. This result is confirmed by 5′ S1 mapping of in vivo RNAs synthesised in chloroplasts or in an E. coli strain harboring a mutlicopy plasmid containing the 5S rRNA gene and its flanking regions. In vitro transcription experiments show that initiation of transcription does not occur at the level of the putative 5S rRNA gene promoter. Therefore, we conclude that the 5S rRNA is synthesized only be co-transcription of its gene with the other ribosomal genes of the operon. 3′ S1 nuclease mapping in the spacer region between the 4.5S and the 5S rRNA genes reveals a set of protected fragments located in an A.T rich region downstream of a very stable hairpin and immediately upstream of the putative 5S promoter. This result is interpreted by the presence of preterminated transcripts or processing sites in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435288
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and expression of the nuclear gene coding for the plastid-specific S22 ribosomal protein from spinach (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Spinacia oleracea ; plastid-specific ribosomal protein ; genomic DNA sequence ; promoter ; germination ; constitutive expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report here on the genomic organization and expression of a nuclear gene coding for a plastid ribosomal protein. The gene encodes the plastid-specific ribosomal protein S22 (formerly named CS-S5). Southern blot analysis suggests that the gene is present in one copy in the spinach genome. The gene consists of 5 exons of sizes ranging from 108 to 273 bp and of 4 introns of 1410, 92, 386 and 82 bp. The exon-intron splice junctions and intron branch sites fit well the consensus sequences for plant introns. The major transcription start site has been determined 29 bp upstream of the AUG initiation codon by primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping. No canonical TATA box is found but some other possible promoter motifs are observed. Transcripts are detected in leaves, etiolated leaves, roots and seeds suggesting that the rps22 gene is expressed constitutively. During germination a marked increase in the relative steady-state level of the mRNA can be seen as soon as 24 h after imbibition of the seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034960
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site of synthesis of spinach chloroplast ribosomal proteins and formation of incomplete ribosomal particles in isolated chloroplasts (1984)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 3 (1984), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ribosomal proteins ; chloroplast ; synthesis ; ribosomal particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast ribosomal proteins from spinach have been prepared in the presence of a protease inhibitor and some modifications have been introduced to the previous characterization of the 50S subunits (Mache et al., MGG, 177, 333, 1980): 33 ribosomal proteins are detected instead of 34. No change has been observed for the 30S subunits. Using a light-driven system of protein synthesis it is shown that up to ten ribosomal proteins of the 30S and eight proteins of the 50S subunits are made in the chloroplast. Newly synthesized ribosomal subunits have been analysed on CsCl gradients after sedimentation at equilibrium, allowing the separation of fully assembled subunits from incomplete ribosomal particles. Most of the newly made 50S subunits are fully assembled (ρ=1.634). A small amount of incomplete 50S particles (ρ=1.686) is detectable. Newly made 30S subunits (ρ=1.598) and incomplete 30S particles (ρ=1.691) are also observed. The ribosomal proteins of the incomplete 30S have been determined. They contain eight or nine of the 30S-proteins, seven of which are synthesized within the chloroplast. It is suggested that incomplete ribosomal particles resulted from a step in the assembly of ribosomal subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040032
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of an Escherichia coli S1-like protein in the spinach chloroplast ribosome (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast ; cross-reaction ; Escherichia coli ; immunoblotting ; ribosome ; ribosomal protein S1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies directed against E. coli ribosomal protein S1 were used in immunoblotting assays to search for an S1-like protein in the ribosome of spinach chloroplast. An immunological cross-reaction was reproducibly detected on the blots and inhibition experiments have demonstrated its specificity. The chloroplastic ribosomal protein which has epitopes common to antigenic determinants of the E. coli protein S1 was identified as being protein S2/S3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of the plastid rDNA spacer region of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. Evolutionary significance (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast ; evolution ; Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. ; rDNA spacer region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The DNA segment situated between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes belonging to the plastid genome of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. has been sequenced. This small region (322 bp) contains two unsplit tRNA genes separated by 3 bp. A comparison with similar regions from different plants shows that this region has evolved in two different ways according to the place of plants in evolution. In the “primitive” group, this region is reduced in size when compared to prokaryotes. In the other groups, it is considerably enlarged by insertion of repetitive sequences, open reading frames and introns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014952
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The components of the plastid ribosome are not accumulated synchronously during the early development of spinach plants (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: early plant development ; germination ; plastid ribosome ; ribosomal proteins ; Spinacia oleracea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The expression of components of the 70S plastid ribosome has been determined during the first 13 days of spinach plant development. Total cellular RNA and proteins were used to determine the relative steady-state levels of mRNA for ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) by dot blot hybridization and the relative amounts of proteins by immunodetection with specific antibodies. The 16S rRNA as well as mRNAs for 9 out of 11 proteins studied, including those for the 32 kDa polypeptide of photosystem II and the large subunit (LSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) show a marked increase at the beginning of the germination (day 5). At this time the plastid DNA content increases from 4% to 6% of total DNA content and so the plastome copy number can only in part account for the important increase in mRNA steady-state levels. Interestingly the transcripts of the rpl23 and rps19 genes show a different accumulation pattern, indicating either a differential gene transcription and/or an increased stability of the transcripts. In the western blot analysis a group of r-proteins can be detected in dry seeds or after 24 hours of imbibition while a second group of proteins accumulates after 3 to 5 days of development. The differential accumulation pattern of r-proteins and mRNA for r-proteins indicates that post-transcriptional control plays an important role in plastid r-protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription study of the genes encoded in the region of the junction between the large single copy and the inverted repeat A of spinach chloroplast DNA (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Spinacia oleracea ; chloroplast DNA ; inverted repeat transcription terminator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the psbA, trnH-GUG and rps19′ genes from spinach chloroplasts, coding respectively for the 32 kDa protein, the tRNAHis (GUG), and the putative ribosomal protein CS19′, has been studied by cloning, Northern hybridization and 3′ and 5′ S1 mapping experiments. It is demonstrated that the putative transcription termination signal of the psbA gene does not function as a rho-independent terminator of transcription in E. coli, whatever its orientation. Evidence is presented suggesting that, in spinach, the psbA and trnH-GUG genes are probably cotranscribed. The 3′-OH extremities of transcripts observed downstream from the putative psbA terminator are interpreted as resulting from processing of the psbA precursor. Using different approaches, it is shown that the rps19′ gene, located on the other strand and overlapping the trnH-GUG gene, is not expressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014950
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