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  • Articles  (26)
  • Hymenoptera
  • Springer  (26)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (26)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (26)
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  • Articles  (26)
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  • Springer  (26)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (26)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological comparison of Dufour glands in workers of Acromyrmex octospinosus and Myrmica rubra (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; ants ; gland volumes ; lumen ; attine and myrmicine glands ; hydrocarbon reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217539
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colpoclypeus florus, an eulophid parasite of tortricids in orchards: Rearing, biology and use in biological control (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Colpoclypeus florus ; Hymenoptera ; Eulophidae ; integrated pest management ; mass rearing ; biological control ; Adoxophyes orana ; Archips podana ; Archips rosana ; Clepsis spectrana ; Hedya nubiferana ; Pandemis heparana ; Ptycholoma lecheana ; Spilonota ocellana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Colpoclypeus florus Walk., ectoparasite grégaire de Tortricidae, est capable de provoquer un taux de parasitisme élevé dans plusieurs types de cultures, y compris dans les vergers de pommiers. Dans les vergers aux Pay-Bas, ce parasite n'abonde qu'en été sur la première génération d'Adoxophyes orana. Les autres tortricides échappent à ses attaques, parce qu'elles ne peuvent être attaquées qu'au printemps. Le but de ces études était donc la mise au point d'une technique d'élevage de masse de C. florus, pour relâcher ce parasite en grand nombre dans les vergers au printemps. La technique décrite a permis de produire plusieurs milliers de parasites par semaine. Des lâchers de 16 000–28 000 parasites par ha dans un verger soumis à un programme de lutte intégrée, bien que faisant des victimes parmi toutes les espèces importantes de tortricides présentes, étaient loin d'occasionner le taux de parasitisme escompté. Le nombre de degrés-jours nécessaire au développement des différents stades de C. florus a été déterminé au laboratoire, et son cycle évolutif, inconnu aux Pays-Bas, puisque le parasite ne se trouve qu'en été, a été calculé et comparé aux observations faites en élevages en plein air. C. florus a de 4 à 5 générations par an, et la comparaison de sa phénologie avec celle des différentes tordeuses explique son absence hors de l'été. Au laboratoire, Archips podana était plus parasité, et Pandemis heparana moins parasité qu'A. orana. Le nombre moyen de descendants produits par femelle de C. florus et par chenille-hôte variait selon les hôtes, dépendant probablement de la taille des chenilles. Bien qu'A. orana n'ait pas produit le plus grand nombre de parasites par chenille, elle a été néanmoins préférée aux autres tortricides comme hôte pour les élevages.
    Notes: Abstract Colpoclypeus florus Walk. is a gregarious ectoparasite of tortricids. Details of biology and annual cycle in orchards in the Netherland are reported. It has four to five generations per year, but only females of the second generation, and some of the third, meet with abundant hosts (Adoxophyes orana F.v.R.) of the proper size. Therefore, the parasite is scarce to virtually absent from Duth orchards except in July and August. A technique for mass-rearing of C. florus is described, producing 6 000 wasps per week. 16 000–28 000 wasps/ha were released in spring, in order to control leafrollers. Although all important leafroller species were parasitized, the rate of parasitization was too low to be effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of female age and host size on the sex ratio of the parasitoid Opius concolor (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Opius concolor ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; sex ratio ; host size ; female age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la taille de l'hôteret de l'âge de la femelle sur le taux sexuel de la descendance a été étudiée sur le parasitoïde Opius concolor Szépl. Le taux sexuel de la descendance des femelles isolées est favorable aux femelles (t.s.=0,26) quand elles ont à leur disposition des hôtes de grande taille, tandis qu'avec des hôtes petits le taux sexuel est favorable aux mâles (t.s.=0.73). On n'a pas détecté de mortalité différentielle des sexes. Les pourcentage de mâles obtenu le premier jour de ponte des femelles sur les hôtes de grande taille est significativement différent de la moyenne, indépendamment de l'âge de la femelle à ce moment. Cependant, sur des hôtes petits, bien que restant favorable aux mâles dans l'ensemble, une plus grande proportion de femelles à partir des premiers jours de ponte a pu être observée.
    Notes: Abstract The sex ratio of the progeny of single females parasitizing large hosts favoured the females (sex ratio=0.26); but on small hosts favoured the males (0.73). No differences in mortality of the sexes were detected. The sex ratio was independent of female age when large hosts were used. The percentage of males observed in the progeny of the first day of female oviposition was significantly greater than the mean, irrespective of the age at which female oviposition began. When females were exposed to small hosts, a greater percentage of females was observed in the progeny from the last days of oviposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343456
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alarm response to venom by social waspsPolistes exclamans andP. fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1425-1433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Social wasp ; Polistes exclamans ; Polistes fuscatus ; Vespidae ; Hymenoptera ; venom ; alarm pheromone ; alarm behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The venoms ofPolistes exclamans andP. fuscatus elicit alarm behavior and attract attacking wasps. The response is not species specific, for both hetero- and conspecific venoms elicit similar responses in both species. A test in a wind tunnel provided no support for the hypothesis that alarmed wasps release an alarm pheromone on the nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative kairomonal activities of 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones in eliciting oviposition behavior from parasiteNemeritis canescens (Grav.) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1597-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Kairomone ; 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones ; ovipositionEphestia kuehniella Zeller [syn.Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)] ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Nemeritis canenscens (Grav.) [syn.Venturia canescens (Grav.)] ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relative activities of sixteen 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones from the larval mandibular glands ofEphestia (=Anagasta) kuehniella Zeller in causing the parasiteNemeritis (=Venturia) canescens (Grav.) to make oviposition movements are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical stimuli in host-habitat location byLeptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae), a parasite ofDrosophila (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 695-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Leptopilinaheterotoma ; Hymenoptera ; Eucoilidae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; host-habitat searching ; chemoreception ; fermentation products ; ethanol ; ethyl acetate ; acetaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical stimuli play an important role in the process of searching for a host habitat by parasitic wasps. Volatile compounds originating from host habitats and/or hosts are the cues that enable such a location.Leptopilina heterotoma, a larval parasite ofDrosophila, is attracted to the food of its host, baker's yeast. Analysis of the fermentation products of baker's yeast, using a mass spectrometer, and olfactometer studies indicate that three fermentation products of this yeast, the main component of the host habitat in our laboratory, attractL. heterotoma: ethanol (5%), ethyl acetate (10−2, 10−3%), and acetaldehyde (1%). A combination of these three compounds, however, cannot compete with baker's yeast in attracting the parasites. Thus other factors, such as different compounds, concentrations, and/or combinations, also, play a role and remain to be tested.Leptopilina heterotoma does not use host-related olfactory cues in long-distance habitat location as it cannot distinguish between host habitat and host habitat with hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988537
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field and electroantennogram responses to sex pheromone optical isomers by monophagous jack pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 983-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pine sawflies ; Neodiprion spp. ; Hymenoptera ; Diprionidae ; electroantennogram ; sex pheromone ; isomers ; jack pine ; Pinus banksiana ; diprionol ; 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol ; acetate ; propionate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several species of monophagous jack pine sawflies (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) were tested in the field and by electroantennograms (EAG) for activity toward the optical isomers of a pine sawfly sex pheromone, the acetate and propionate esters of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ol.Neodiprion rugifrons andNeodiprion dubiosus were attracted to a mixture of the propionate esters of the 2S,3R,7R and 2S,3R,7S isomers, whereasNeodiprion swainei was attracted to the 2S,3S,7S propionate isomer. Samples containing the 2S,3R,7S propionate isomer elicited the strongest EAG responses in these three species andNeodiprion nigroscutum. The 2S,3S,7S propionate isomer was equally active (EAG) in the case ofN. swainei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and early development of the pore plate sensilla ofGymnomerus laevipes (Shuckard) (Vespoidea, Eumenidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 119 (1984), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Olfactory sensilla ; Sensillum placodeum ; Trichogen cell doubling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The oval pore plates (approx. 17 μm long) are separated from the antennal cuticle by a furrow, the inner wall of which is flexible. The thin perforated plates are strengthened by an encircling and a middle ledge, the latter of which branches into about 100 almost parallel rims. Each pore plate is innervated by about 20 sense cells. The dendrites fork into numerous branches occupying the outer receptor lymph cavity below the perforated plate. Each pore plate is associated with one thecogen cell, two trichogen cells, one tormogen cell and one “envelope cell 4”. A so-called “additional cell” surrounds the sensillum in the imaginal stage. The envelope cells in the later of the two pupal stages examined, have reached an arrangement which immediately precedes the secretion of the cuticulin layer. The surface of the duplicate trichogen cells is almost equal in area to the completed perforated plate. A dendritic sheath, entirely reduced in the imago, protrudes into the exuvial space, where it encloses a single dendrite. In the younger pupal stage the “Sensillenanlage” forms a crater, whereby envelope cell 4 overtops the other envelope cells. The distal ends of the trichogen cells are divided into several appendages that form the bottom of the “crater”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288874
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective predation on chemically defended chrysomelid larvae (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; leaf-beetle larva ; Phratora vitellinae ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Hymenoptera ; Tenthredinidae ; sawfly ; Tenthredo olivacea ; predation ; conditioning ; defensive secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments showed that femaleTenthredo olivacea prefer to prey upon insects of a previously encountered species, instead of upon unknown ones. This has been observed when comparing two natural prey of the sawfly, the larvae ofPhratora vitellinae and those ofPlagiodera versicolora. The two species secrete copious amounts of defensive secretion, the first salicylaldehyde, and the latter a mixture of cyclopentanic monoterpenes. The predator appears less reluctant when encountering a species whose secretion has been previously experienced. A selective pressure might thus exist favoring rare secretions, which is consistant with the well-known diversity of defensive compounds among sympatric insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study by electrophysiology of olfactory responses in bumblebees (Bombus hypnorum andBombus terrestris) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1157-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Apoidea ; Bombus hypnorum ; Bombus terrestris ; Hymenoptera ; sex ; caste ; floral odorants ; pheromones ; electroantennography ; olfactory equipment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological data (EAG) were recorded on adult bumblebees stimulated with floral and/or pheromonal pure odorants at different concentrations. The responses of queen, worker, and male bees are compared and the sensitivities of these insects to the pure odorants tested are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988546
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential uses of kairomones for behavioral manipulation ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1377-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Cotesia ; (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; kairomone ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of kairomone pattern and preconditioning on parasitization rates of fall armyworm larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) byCotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris (Cresson) were investigated in the laboratory and greenhouse using a hexane extract of frass and actual fall armyworm frass. Parasitization rates increased 55 and 26% in Petri dishes and on corn seedlings, respectively, when the entire experimental area was sprayed with the frass extract. Applying the extract in spots resulted in a 20–30% reduction in parasitization compared to treating the entire area. However, spot application produced significantly better parasitization rates compared to the control treatment. Exposing the parasitoids to actual fall armyworm frass resulted in ca. 50% greater retention in the release area and an increase of ca. 60–75% in the number of parasitoids searching.C. marginiventris parasitized factitious hosts topically treated with an extract of fall armyworm frass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988119
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of cephalic secretion of fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxytrigona) tataira ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; enediones ; monoketones ; carboxylic esters ; hydrocarbons ; E-3-hepten-2,5-dione ; E-3-nonen-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the volatile compounds derived from cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira by GC-MS was undertaken. The following compounds were readily identified: hydrocarbons:n-C11H24,n-C13H28,n-C14H30,n-C15H32,n-C17H36,n-C23H48,n-C15H30,n-C17H34,n-C21 H42, andn-C23H46; carboxylic acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; carboxylic esters: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, and dodecyl decanoate; monoketones: 5-hepten-2-one, 3-hepten-2-one, 2-heptanone, and 5-nonen-2-one. Two major components of the mixture were identified asE-hepten-2,5-dione andE-3-nonen-2,5-dione. Structures of these novel compounds were suggested by their GC-MS behavior and the GC-MS behavior of their dimethoximes and proved by comparison with authentic synthetic samples. Trace amounts of the corresponding Z isomers and the saturated analogs, heptan-2,5-dione and nonan-2,5-dione, were also found. The possible functions of these glandular constituents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988091
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication during tandem running inPachycondyla obscuricornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 783-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pachycondyla obscuricornis ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; chemical communication ; tandem running ; pygidial gland ; nest emigration behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Communication during tandem running inPachycondyla obscuricornis is chemically mediated by a pheromone produced in the pygidial gland, which is composed of a cluster of gland cells and an associated reservoir located beween the 6th and 7th tergites of the gaster. The secretion of the gland appears to be transferred to the hindlegs of a tandem pair leader by a series of self-grooming behaviors that occur prior to the formation of a tandem pair. During tandem running, the antennae of the following ant are kept in close contact with the leader's hindlegs and therefore with the chemical signal that provides a communicative bond between individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988543
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    (5Z,9Z)-3-alkyl-5-methylindolizidines fromSolenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) species (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1233-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ants ; Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) species ; Monomorium pharaonis ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; 3-alkyl-5-methylindolizidines ; alkaloids ; venom components ; 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The alkaloidal venom components of two species of thief ants,Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) species AA andS. (Diplorhoptrum)conjurata have been found to contain (5Z,9Z)-3-hexyl-5-methylindolizidine and a mixture of (5Z,9Z)-3-ethyl-5-methylindolizidine andcis-2-methyl-6-nonyl-piperidine,trans-2-methyl-6-nonylpiperidine,cis-2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidine, and hexadecanoic acid.Monomorium pharaonis was similarly investigated and found to contain the indolizidine and pyrrolidines previously described (Ritter et al., 1977b). Both indolizidines were synthesized along with their stereoisomers and separated by preparative gas chromatography. Spectral studies revealed the stereochemistry to be 5Z,9Z in both cases. The stereochemistry of 2-butyl-5-pentylpyrrolidine inM. phaeronis has also been established. Biosynthetic relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988551
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  • 15
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    Isolation and identification of cotton synomones mediating searching behavior by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1251-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Campoletis sonorensis ; synomone ; sesquiterpene ; α-humulene ; γ-bisabolene ; β-caryophyllene oxide ; spathulenol ; gossonorol ; β-bisabolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory bioassays, the parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis was attracted to the following sesquiterpenes isolated from cotton essential oil: α-humulene, γ-bisabolene, β-caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, β-bisabolol, and a new, naturally occurring bisabolene-related alcohol, (2-p-tolyl-6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol) which we name gossonorol. This is the first report of spathulenol in cotton. β-Caryophyllene, a major component of cotton, was not attractive to the parasitoids. The response of the parasitoids to these compounds and the possibility of augmenting parasitoid activity in the field by manipulating plant secondary metabolites is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988552
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Identification of trail pheromone of the antTetramorium caespitum L. (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1453-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; Tetramorium caespitum ; trail pheromone ; 2,5-dimethylpyrazine ; poison gland ; venom ; Hymenoptera ; Myrmicinae ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The trail pheromone of the antTetramorium caespitum L. is a 70∶30 mixture of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 3-ethyl-2, 5-dimethylpyrazine. The average total amount of the two pyrazines present in the poison vesicle was found to be 3.9 ng per ant, of which 2.7 ± 0.4 ng is 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 1.15 ±0.25 ng is 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine. The pyrazines constitute only 0.03% of the volume of the poison vesicle but account for the whole of the trail-following activity. A 70∶30 mixture of the respective pyrazines evoked the highest activity in artificial trail-following tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990315
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Role of diet in host selection ofHeliothis virescens by parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1535-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Campoletis sonorensis ; Heliothis virescence ; synomone ; kairomone ; host location ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that chemicals attractive toCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron), previously identified in cotton, were not present in wheat germ diet-rearedHeliothis virescens (F.) larvae. Diet-reared larvae fed cotton obtained the chemicals from cotton, with the consequence of enhanced kairomonal activity of the larvae and their frass toC. sonorensis. Parasitoids, presented a choice between cotton, cotton plus hosts, hosts alone, and control in an olfactometer, responded non-randomly, with the greatest number of responses to cotton plus hosts, and three times as many responses to cotton alone as to larvae alone. The role of the plant in the parasitoid-host relationship is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988422
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  • 18
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    Identification and source of a queen-specific chemical in the pharaoh's ant,Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1731-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ants ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Monomorium pharaonis ; caste ; diterpene ; neocembrene ; exocrine ; Dufour's ; pheromone ; queen substance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fertile queens of the antMonomorium pharaonis produce a chemical substance which is not present in worker ants or in young, alate (virgin) queens. The material has been identified as (E,E,E)-1-isopropenyl-4,8,12-trimethylcyclotetradeca-3,7,11-triene (neocembrene). This chemical is produced in the Dufour's gland of fertile queens and may serve as a queen-recognition pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987358
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  • 19
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    Identification of ant repellent allomone produced by social waspPolistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1799-1807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Social wasp ; Polistes fuscatus ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; Formicidae ; ant repellent ; defensive allomone ; fatty acid esters ; methyl myristate ; methyl palmitate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two active components were isolated from the ant repellent secretion produced by glandular cells on the sixth (terminal) gastral sternite ofPolistes fuscatus (F.) females. One of the components was identified as methyl palmitate. Field bioassays with synthetic methyl palmitate showed it had repellent activity againstSolenopsis geminata (F.)Forelius pruinosus (Roger), andPheidole sp. The effectiveness of the repellent was greater againstF. pruinosus andPheidole sp. than againstS. geminata. Four methyl ester homologs of methyl palmitate also were field tested for repellent activity: methyl myristate had repellent activity against all three ant species, whereas methyl stearate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate exhibited no repellency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987362
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  • 20
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    Effect of multilure and its components on parasites ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Cheiropachus colon ; Entedon leucogramma ; Spathius benefactor ; Dendrosoter proluberans ; Cerocephala eccoptogastri ; Hymenoptera ; Pteromalidae ; Braconidae ; Eulophidae ; European elm bark beetle ; parasites ; kairomone ; multilure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several hymenopterous parasites ofScolytus multistriatus are attracted to components of its aggregation pheromone, multilure.Cheiropachus colon, Entedon leucogramma, Dendrosoter protuberans, Spathius benefactor, andCerocephala eccoptogastri are attracted in various degrees to multilure, its components (multistriatin, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, and cubebene), and component combinations.C. colon was trapped in greatest numbers, yet was usually less numerous thanE. leucogramma andD. protuberans in the study area. Impact of traps onC. colon may conceivably be reduced by multistriatin content in baits and/or by withholding traps untilS. multistriatus flight begins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987864
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  • 21
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    Behavioral and biological responses ofCotesia marginiventris to kairomones of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 521-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotesia marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; kairomones ; fall armyworm ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potential kairomone sources of the fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were bioassayed with females ofCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) in Petri dishes (10 cm diam). MatedC. marginiventris females, ranging in age from 1 to 3 days exhibited the most intense bioassay responses to potential sources of kairomone. Contacting a FAW-damaged corn leaf modified the pattern of movement inC. marginiventris from random to one exhibiting a significant increase in klinokinesis. No significant differences were present in kairomone responses of nonconditioned and conditioned parasitoids and parasitoid response to kairomones did not change throughout the photophase (0800–1800 hr). Removal of one, both, or the first eight antennal segments reduced or eliminated the response of the parasitoid to kairomones. Female parasitoids did not exhibit a preference for corn leaves damaged by a particular fall armyworm instar and parasitization rates were highest in larvae 48 hr old.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988097
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  • 22
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    Sources of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), kairomones eliciting host-finding behavior inCotesia (=Apanteles) marginivenitris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1019-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; kairomone ; host-finding behavior ; Cotsia (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; frass attraction ; scales attraction ; pest management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassay responses inCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) females to materials derived from fall armyworm (FAW) larvae,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were most intense for frass and somewhat less intense for larval and pupal cutical materials, scales, exuviae, silk, and oral secretion, with FAW larval hemolymph eliciting only a slight response. The highest percentage of ovipositor probing was caused by frass (100%) and moth scales (90%). Various types of corn-leaf damage when assayed alone did not produce responses as intense as when assayed in combination with frass, cuticle material, and oral secretion. Parasitoid response was somewhat better to frass derived from FAW larvae feeding on corn and peanut leaves than from larvae feeding on the foliage of soybeans, Bermuda grass, cowpeas, or laboratory diet. Hexane and chloroform were better than methanol and water for extracting active material from FAW frass, and chloroform was the best of these solvents for extracting corn leaves. Serial dilutions of frass extracts resulted in a reduction in parasitoid response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987510
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  • 23
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    The chemical feeding ecology ofNeodiprion dubiosus schedl,N. rugifrons midd., andN. lecontei (Fitch) on jack pine (Pinus banksiana lamb.) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1071-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Neodiprion dubiosus ; N. rugifrons ; N. lecontei ; Hymenoptera ; Diprionidae ; feeding behavior ; resin acids ; palustric ; levopimaric ; neoabietic ; dehydroabietic ; jack pine ; Pinus banksiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two monophagous sawflies,Neodiprion dubiosus andN. rugifrons, actively avoid feeding on the current season's needles of jack pine,Pinus banksiana, while the polyphagousN. lecontei feeds indiscriminately on foliage of all age classes. Bioassay studies with needle extracts indicate thatN. dubiosus andN. rugifrons larval feeding preference is governed by a group of tricyclic diterpene resin acids. Resin acids commonly occur in needles of all ages; however, levopimaric, palustric, dehydroabietic, and neoabietic acids were at higher concentrations in the new needles.N. dubiosus was significantly deterred from feeding on 1-year-old foliage when treated with the pure resin acids, palustric and levopimaric, at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml MeOH.N. rugifrons larvae were deterred from feeding by pure dehydroabietic, neoabietic, and palustric acids at 1.0 mg/ml MeOH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987514
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Volatile compounds from ponerine ants in the genusMesoponera (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 651-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Mesoponera ; ants ; ponerine ants ; secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines ; formamides ; acetamides ; isovaleramides ; 2,6-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine ; aliphatic aldehydes and acids ; phenylacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents have been characterized from two species of ponerine ants in the genusMesoponera. 2,5-Dimethyl-3-isopentyl-pyrazine has been identified from cephalic extracts ofM. castanea andM. castaneicolor, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combined gasters and thoraces of both species are also characterized by the presence of nonanal, nonanoic acid, isovaleric acid, phenylacetic acid, and undecanal, as well as a series of aliphatic amines and amides.N-Isoamylnonylamine was a major constituent that was accompanied byN-isoamylnonenylamine,N,N-diisoamylnonylamine,N-acetyl nonylamine,N-formyl isoamylnonylamine,N-isovaleroyl nonylamine, and several other secondary and tertiary amines. The possible significance of the amines and amides as idiosyncratic natural products ofMesoponera species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994226
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  • 25
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    Ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate a sex pheromone ofSyndipnus rubiginosus, a sawfly parasitoid (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Syndipnus rubiginosus ; ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate ; parasitoid ; Pikonema alaskensis ; mass spectra ; ozonolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A female-produced sex pheromone ofSyndipnus rubiginosus Walley (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was isolated and identified from hexane extracts of 250 virgin females. Column chromatography (Florisil), gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and ozonolysis indicated the structure was ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate. The optimum male response is at 300–1000 ng (3–10FE). No cross-attraction betweenS. rubiginosus and the sympatric sawfly parasitoidS. gaspesianus (Provancher) could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987857
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  • 26
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    Host acceptance and discrimination byComperia merceti (Compere) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and evidence for an optimal density range for resource utilization (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1399-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Supella longipalpa ; Orthoptera ; Blattellidae ; Comperia merceti ; Hymenoptera ; Chalcidoidea ; Encyrtidae ; host acceptance ; discrimination ; optimal density range ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cement used by females ofSupella longipala (F.) (Orthoptera∶Blattellidae) to bind their oothecae to substrates acts as a kairomone for host acceptance by the parasitoidComperia merceti. C. merceti discriminates parasitized from unparasitized oothecae and oviposts at reduced levels in the former. Low survival rates for parasitoids reared from oothecae receiving fewer than four ovipositions suggests that an “optimal density range” for resource utilization byC. merceti exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988121
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