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  • aquatic Oligochaeta  (35)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Springer  (46)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1984  (46)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (46)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (46)
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the morphology of enterochromaffin cells in the human fundic mucosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was investigated at the lightmicroscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum. EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck portion of the gland, but were found to be rather numerous in its lower half. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked pleomorphic and seemingly polynuclear EC-cells or cells with long, sometimes multipolar cytoplasmic processes. In addition, luminal contacts and contiguity between EC-cells, or interglandular connections were also encountered. The present immunohistochemical procedure permits, for the first time, a clear-cut morphological visualization of the entire population of EC-cells, and reveals the distinctive morphological features of these cells in the human fundic mucosa. These morphological findings imply that EC-cells in the fundic mucosa may be crucial in gastric function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226973
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet A cell ; Catecholamine ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217141
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex (pineal and parapineal organs) ; Development, ontogenetic ; Photoreceptor cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonin (5-HT) ; Opsin ; Teleost (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5-HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsinimmunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228440
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of endocrine cells in the gut of the insect Periplaneta americana (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut endocrine cells ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Insect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the gut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied by immunohistochemistry. During embryogenesis, the midgut begins to be formed as an outgrowth of the foregut and hindgut invaginations. Gut endocrine cells with pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity begin to appear at the anterior and posterior ends of the forming midgut. These cells are restricted to the midgut epithelium, and no mitotic cells with PP-like immunoreactivity are observed. These results strongly suggest that the gut endocrine cells, at least those with PP-like immunoreactivity, are derived from precursor cells they have in common with other epithelial cells of the midgut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic activity of prolactin cells in the pituitary glands of male and female rats of different ages (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Mitosis ; Sex difference ; Aging ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior pituitary of colchicine-pretreated male and female rats from 20 days to 12 months of age was stained immunohistochemically with anti-rat prolactin serum. Immunoreactive mitotic cells were identified in all groups of rats. In adult female rats the mitotic index of prolactin cells was higher at oestrus than at other stages of the oestrus cycle and than that in male rats of comparable ages. If adult female rats were ovariectomized on the second day of dioestrus or on the day of proestrus, the mitotic indices at presumptive oestrus were less than those in sham-operated controls at oestrus. Estrogen administration to ovariectomized rats significantly elevated the mitotic index of prolactin cells at 48 h after the treatment. The mitotic indices of prolactin cells in female rats reached a peak at 60 days of age, and then decreased with age. In male rats the mitotic indices showed a steady decrease from the value at 20 days of age. A sex difference in the mitotic indices of prolactin cells was noted from 60 days to 12 months of age. The present results clearly demonstrate that differentiated prolactin cells can undergo mitosis and that a sex difference in the mitotic activity of prolactin cells is present during adult life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226945
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey, Macaca fuscata (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Serotonin ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distributional pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was analyzed with the use of the peroxidaseantiperoxidase method in conjunction with a highly sensitive and specific anti-serotonin serum. The highest concentrations of serotonin-immunoreactive varicose fibers were found in the nucleus praeopticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, and the complex of mammillary nuclei (nucleus praemamillaris, supramamillaris, mamillaris medialis et lateralis). However, the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, where numerous serotoninergic fibers have been reported to occur in the rat, appeared to be almost devoid of these fibers. The infundibular stalk, and the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary contained considerable numbers of immunoreactive fibers. The present study provides a morphological basis for possible clarification of the influence of serotoninergic projections on various neuroendocrine mechanisms in primates. Furthermore, an attempt was made to clarify the differences and similarities concerning the distributional patterns of serotoninergic nerve fibers within the monkey hypothalamus in contrast to the rat hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217216
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustentacular cells in the fetal human adrenal medulla are immunoreactive with antibodies to brain S-100 protein (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 733-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Adrenal medulla ; Sustentacular cells ; Human fetus ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal glands of human fetuses were investigated by means of an immunohistochemical method with the use of an anti-S-100 serum. S-100-immunoreactivity was recognized in sustentacular cells located among the chromaffin cells. A characteristic circular arrangement of the immunostained cells was found in the central region of the adrenal glands. It surrounded aggregations of non-argyrophilic, small, round cells, which were identified as the remaining sympathoblasts (primitive sympathetic cells).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217246
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in paraganglia of aged Fischer-344 rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglia ; Aging ; Catecholamines ; Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were examined by immunohistochemistry in hypertrophied paraganglia of aged male Fischer-344 rats. All paraganglionic cells reacted with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Dopamine β-hydroxylase was identified in most paraganglionic cells, indicating that they synthesized norepinephrine. A variable number of paraganglia were positive for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which suggested that they synthesized epinephrine. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method demonstrated greenish-yellow fluorescence or yellowish-brown fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence was in the same range as in adrenal medullary cells. The observations indicate that paraganglia are capable of synthesizing epinephrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Monoclonal antibodies against spermatozoa of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Spermatozoa ; Surface antigens ; Reproductive organs ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane determinants on spermatozoa of the carp Cyprinus carpio L. have been produced. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that these determinants are uniformly distributed on the surface of head and midpiece. Most of them are also present on the outer membrane of precursor sperm cells. Although none of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with carp somatic tissue, five monoclonal antibodies were positive for surface membrane determinants of oogonia and early prophase oocytes in carp ovary. Preliminary analysis of the testis and ovary of three other species of fish showed that some carp determinants are shared with germ cells from Barbus conchonius, Clarias lazera, or Salmo gairdneri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216518
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Purification and immunohistology of a glycoprotein secreted from the rabbit uterus before implantation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Uterine proteins ; β-Glycoprotein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two antigens of the β-glycoprotein fraction from rabbit uterine secretion of the seventh day post coitum were purified firstly by gel filtration on Sephadex G 150, then either by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephacel or chromatofocusing on PBE 94. By the use of a specific antiserum, raised in female sheep, two antigens with α 2- and β 2-mobility in agar gel electrophoresis could be demonstrated. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterine epithelium at the seventh and eighth day post coitum showed the antigens to be localized in a ciliated cell type of conspicuous shape, which is supposed to be the site of synthesis. Stain accumulated mainly in the apical part of the cell, but there were also small deposits around the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229211
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    The auricular myocardiocytes of the heart constitute an endocrine organ characterization of a porcine cardiac peptide hormone, cardiodilatin-126 (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart, atrium ; Myoendocrine cells ; Cardiodilatin ; Peptide hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peptide hormone was extracted from the porcine right atrium following a bioassay for differential vaso-relaxant effects on smooth muscle strips from aorta and renal and inferior mesenteric arteries. The isolation procedure included several steps of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. During the isolation procedure, other peptides of smaller molecular weight were also found, which, in relation to cardiodilatin-126 (CDD-126), are shorter at their N-terminal. Among these, CDD-88 has also been isolated and characterizied, and has been established as a prominent member of the cardiac hormone family. The N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the 126 amino acid-containing molecule were synthesized and used to raise region-specific antibodies. The natural peptide was then localized within myoendocrine cells of the right atrium where specific atrial granules are located. Renal effects of cardiodilation were studied in conscious dogs and showed strong diuretic and natriuretic activities. According to our functional studies, cardiodilatin-126 and cardiodilatin-88 possess qualities of a significant hormone family regarding the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219856
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  • 12
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    The position of the Haplotaxidae in the evolution of oligochaete annelids (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; annelids ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Haplotaxidae have all the characteristics to support the hypothesis that they are the living descendents of the stem forms from which all of the Oligochaeta Clitellata (Orders Lumbriculida, Haplotaxida, Lumbricida, Tubificida) can be derived. The Aphanoneura are distinct from the Clitellata and are raised to a separate Class. There is no evidence to support the view that the elaborate setae of many Tubificida are derived from a polychaete ancestry; both are held to be independent modifications to aquatic life derived from a simple burrowing protoannelid with lumbricine setae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027889
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  • 13
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    Oligochaete communities as biological descriptors of pollution in the fine sediments of rivers (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biological quality indices ; large rivers ; pollution ; fine sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study emphasizes the usefulness of Oligochaeta communities as descriptors of pollution in the fine sediments of large rivers. Two indices of biological quality of fine bottoms are proposed and are related to chemical parameters of the water. Tentative proposals are made for an empirical classification of polluted fine sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027906
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  • 14
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    Aspects of the phylogeny of the marine Tubificidae (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A tentative phylogeny of the oligochaete family Tubificidae, with emphasis on the marine representatives, is presented. The scheme is based on the morphology and arrangements of prostate glands and the setal patterns. The rhyacodriline, more or less diffuse prostates are regarded as a primitive stage in prostate evolution, preceded only by the aprostate condition assumed for the ancestor of the family. An early split of the subfamily Rhyacodrilinae supposedly led to (1) a marine branch, from which evolved the highly diverse, exclusively marine subfamilies Phallodrilinae and Limnodriloidinae, and (2) a freshwater branch, which later divided into the Telmatodrilinae, Tubificinae and Aulodrilinae. The marine subfamilies invariably lack hair setae, whereas about half of the species within the other, freshwater subfamilies possess such setae in their dorsal bundles. Some marine genera, such as Monopylephorus (Rhyacodrilinae), Tubificoides and Clitellio (both Tubificinae) are regarded as recent off-shoots from the main freshwater stock. The families Naididae and Opistocystidae are considered likely to have evolved from rhyacodriline Tubificidae, whereas Phreodrilidae, the fourth family within the suborder Tubificina, is regarded as a sister group to the Tubificidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027890
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  • 15
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    Specific criteria in Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; oligochaete taxonomy ; Enchytraeidae ; Grania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the penial bulb and male efferent duct system of Grania species may be used in addition to setal pattern and spermathecal shape to distinguish species. Six penial bulb types are distinguished: (1) a simple, small, glandular bulb surrounding the male pore; (2) a small, glandular bulb, with a large, associated, dorso-medial gland mass; (3) a small glandular bulb, medial to the male pore, with an elongate male bursa (the aglandular sac), the vas deferens exitting directly into the invaginated male pore; (4) a glandular bulb with an aglandular sac and a small, cuticular stylet embedded in the bulb, extending from the ectal end of the vas deferens; (5) a glandular bulb and an aglandular sac with a long stylet extending from the vas deferens, through the bulb into the sac; and (6) glandular bulb reduced or absent, with or without an aglandular sac; with a long stylet and other prominent modifications, usually muscular, of the vas deferens. The details of the male duct structure were consistent within specimens grouped on the basis of setal distribution and shape and detailed spermathecal structure. Diverse male duct patterns are found within the polytypic species G. macrochaeta and G. postclitellochaeta. The positions of the spermathecal and male pores in their respective segments are distinctive for some species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027891
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  • 16
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    Capilloventer atlanticus gen. et sp.n., a member of a new family of marine Oligochaeta from Brazil (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Capilloventer ; Capilloventridae ; new family ; new genus ; Tubificida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of a previously undescribed oligochaete from the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were determined to belong to a new family of microdiles within the order Tubificida, suborder Enchytraeina. The specimens are characterized by dorsal and ventral hair setae, spermathecae in VII, testes in XI, ovaries in XII, and a clitellum. The number of primitive characters present in the new species indicate that it is a primitive member of the order that diverged early from the evolutionary line leading to the Enchytraeidae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027892
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  • 17
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    A method of identifying immature specimens of marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) by vital staining of epidermal glands (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; marine Enchytraeidae ; recognition of immature stages ; epidermal glands ; vital staining ; Neutral Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal glands in Enchytraeidae are arranged in several transverse rows in each segment. These glands are more or less inconspicuous. It is possible to show up the gland cells by vital staining with Neutral Red (dilution 1:25 000 to 1:200 000 in tap- or sea-water, pH 6.0–6.8). Studies using this staining method have shown that there is a distinct pattern of epidermal glands for each species of marine Enchytraeidae investigated. The possibility of distinguishing immature specimens of different marine enchytraeid species, found in one particular locality, is demonstrated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027893
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  • 18
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    Cytological aspects of oligochaete spermiogenesis (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; spermatozoa ; spermatogenesis ; cell differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermiogenesis in Oligochaeta occurs with peculiar modalities, common to all the species studied in this group. Gonial cells, produced in the testes, drop into coelomatic cavities (usually seminal vesicles) where they undergo a series of mitotic divisions, without cytodieresis, and finally meiosis. In the seminal vesicles, a series of ‘morulae’ is present, composed of 2, 4, 8, 18, 32, ... cells. The number of spermatids produced is variable, but is constant for each species. The process of spermiohistogenesis involves many steps, including: nuclear shaping, chromatin condensation, production of an acrosome, reduction of the number of mitochondria. The present knowledge of the mechanisms of cell differentiation, and the problem of the presence of two different sperm lines in some species is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027894
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  • 19
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    Life-cycle and karyology of Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; life-cycle ; karyology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the life-cycle of a population of Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard in a water-lily tank at the Botanical Garden in Padua are reported. The breeding period is from April to July, after which the reproductive system is partially resorbed (August–September) and reformed later in the autumn. The karyology of the species was also studied, and revealed 38 mitotic chromosomes in the gonia, and 19 bivalents in the primary spermatocytes and in the primary oocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027895
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  • 20
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    Diet and histophysiology of the alimentary canal of Lumbricillus lineatus (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; nutrition ; sediment ; histophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lumbricillus lineatus selectively ingests masses of organic and inorganic interstitial particles from a sand-clay substratum in the upper littoral zone. Particle-masses are ingested, passed along the esophagus and into the anterior intestine where the pH becomes acid. A- and C-esterases, acid β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase are present in the epithelium, while the rotating food masses are surrounded by a membrane of sulphated, acid glycoprotein. These enzymes, with the exception of acid phosphatase and the addition of aminopeptidase M, are also present in the epithelia of the mid and posterior intestinal regions where the pH is alkaline. The cells in the ventral wall of the mid intestinal region contain high concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, acid β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The food consists of absorbed organics and bacteria with absorption and intracellular digestion occurring along the intestine, particularly in the mid ventral region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027896
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  • 21
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    The gutless oligochaete Phallodrilus leukodermatus Giere, a tubificid of structural, ecological and physiological relevance (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; gutless oligochaetes ; structure ; ecology ; physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phallodrilus leukodermatus is not only characterized by the complete absence of mouth, gut, anus and nephridia, but also by an exceptional dermal ultrastructure which is associated with gram-negative bacteria. The vertical distribution of the worms from Bermudian carbonate sands is also unusual in attaining population maximum at oligoxic or anoxic depths around the redox discontinuity (RPD) layer, where extremely high concentrations of amino acids and sugars are to be recorded. Based on results from current ecophysiological and ultrastructural studies, an interpretation of the unique biology of the worms is attempted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027897
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  • 22
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    Asexual propagation and reproductive strategies in aquatic Oligochaeta (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; asexual reproduction ; genetical-ecological mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A great variety of asexual reproductive modes are known among aquatic oligochaetes. The main types of these modes are shortly described. Based upon observations on natural populations, the possible genetical and ecological implications of asexual reproduction are discussed. The following points are emphasized: (1) The often expressed expectations of a strong predominance of one particularly adaptive genotype is not born out. (2) In most cases, a number of genetically distinct clones are present in each population, and they show a strong differential distribution in heterogeneous environments, indicating an effective exploitation of the available resources. (3) Most cases of asexual propagation are reproductive strategies of their own and not escape mechanisms. (4) The mechanisms underlying asexual propagation are complex and involve many aspects of the life history. The great variety of types among aquatic oligochaetes offer particularly useful models for the study of these problems.
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    Parthenogenesis in Tubificidae (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 97-99 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; parthenogenesis ; experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of tubificids to reproduce parthenogenetically following or in place of bisexual reproduction has been proved. During parthenogenesis the spermatogenesis ceases at an early stage of sexual cell development, which, together with some peculiarities of the structure of the sexual system, rules out the possibility of self-fertilization in the worms. For two years of cultivation the life cycles of 3 parthenogenetic generations in Tubifex tubifex and 2 in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were traced.
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    Potential age of aquatic Oligochaeta (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 101-104 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; life-cycle ; aquarial cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The maximum lifetime of species with exclusively sexual reproduction covers 5–15 years or even more in aquaria, although most specimens die consecutively earlier. The zooids of paratomic species live some weeks or months, their clones usually less than a year, rarely for some years. In the species with facultative architomy (fragmentation) the clonal age also exceeds that of the individual, both lasting for several years. The actual lifetime of worms in nature may be shorter than in cultures.
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    Growth of Stylaria lacustris (L.) (Oligochaeta, Naididae) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 105-107 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; growth ; experimental
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The peculiarities of the growth in weight and length of Stylaria lacustris (L.) on the basis of observations in experimental vessels are considered. The growth of this species fits a parabolic curve. The equations relating weight to absolute growth rate as well as weight to duration of life are given.
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    The biology of Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube) in English chalk streams (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 109-112 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Psammoryctides barbatus ; growth ; cocoon production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The tubificid Psammoryctides barbatus is common in the sediments of English chalk streams. The species is primarily a spring and summer breeder with the most intense period of reproduction from April to June throughout its distribution in the river. Recruitment of juveniles takes place chiefly from June to August and most of the worms attain maturity in the following spring. In culture at 15 °C worms had attained 38 mm within 90 days of hatching and showed early signs of maturity. Growth rates and rates of cocoon production in culture are presented.
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    Oxygen demand and long term changes of profundal zoobenthos (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 121-126 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; eutrophication ; oxygen demand ; population dynamics ; zoobenthos of lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The paper attempts to combine the low oxygen content of the hypolimnion during stratification and the oxygen uptake of zoobenthos. Data of declining oxygen content in the hypolimnion and critical limits of respiration are combined for Chironomus anthracinus, Potamothrix hammoniensis and three species of Pisidium, P. casertanum, P. subtruncatum and P. henslowanum. The respiratory adaptation to low oxygen content influences both growth and population dynamics of the different species. The results have important bearing on eutrophication of the Lake Esrom ecosystem and temperate eutrophic lakes in general as well as the composition of profundal zoobenthos and its population dynamics.
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    Cohort cultures of Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube) and Spirosperma ferox Eisen: a tool for a better understanding of demographic strategies in Tubificidae (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 113-119 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; experimental ; density regulation ; bionomic strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory research on the tubificids Psammoryctides barbatus and Spirosperma ferox was done. Embryonic development time, growth, time required to attain the first cocoon laying and egg production were estimated at different temperatures and population densities. The results allow us to demonstrate some intrinsic density regulation mechanisms in the profundal tubificid communities and substantiate the hypothesis that the succession from oligotrophic to eutrophic species in the profundal of lakes undergoing eutrophication is mainly based on their biotic characteristics.
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    Eutrophication of Lakes Leman and Neuchâtel (Switzerland) indicated by oligochaete communities (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 131-138 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; benthos ; eutrophication ; indicator communities ; lake ; tubificid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In 1978–80, oligochaete communities of meso-eutrophic Lake Léman (Lake of Geneva) were compared to those of mesotrophic Lake Neuchâtel. Worm species were classified into three groups corresponding to their increasing tolerance to eutrophication: (1) oligotrophic species, mostly Peloscolex velutinus, Stylodrilus heringianus; (2) mesotrophic species, mostly Potamothrix vejdovskyi, P. bedoti; (3) eutrophic species, mostly Potamothrix hammoniensis, P. heuscheri, Tubifex tubifex. In both lakes, eutrophic species constituted the bulk of the communities in terms of absolute abundance. However, relative abundance of mesotrophic and eutrophic species was higher in Lake Léman; oligotrophic species were more important in Lake Neuchâtel. These data confirmed the trophic classification of lakes based on chemical parameters. The number of zero values, which perturbated statistical analysis, was reduced by using species groupings instead of isolated species. Thus, making the lakes more comparable even if different species were present in each one. Relative density values based on all samples were distributed among 4 density classes for the 3 species groupings. The 12 resulting frequencies described the community structure expressed in terms of eutrophication. Furthermore, these frequencies may be used for comparison of eutrophication levels in several lakes.
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    Lethal and sublethal tolerances of aquatic oligochaetes with reference to their use as a biotic index of pollution (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 139-144 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; pollution ; indicators ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of recent studies have been completed by the authors involving: 1) determining the lethal tolerances of 12 oligochaete species classified (from ecological studies) as tolerant, moderately tolerant and intolerant to selected chemical toxicants and environmental factors under defined bioassay conditions with and without sediment; 2) determining lethal tolerances of candidate species to toxicants in combination with a range of abiotic factors; 3) measuring respiratory stress imposed by exposure to individual and combined sublethal concentrations of toxicants and environmental factors; and, 4) determining differences in lethal tolerance and respiratory stress between individual and mixed species. Surprisingly few previous studies have been done in this area considering the importance of oligochaetes as field pollution indicators. The results of the above major studies coupled with histopathological work are reviewed. Data from these studies substantiate the present use of oligochaete species assemblages as indicators of organic pollution and suggest their use in the laboratory for toxicant screening tests. The range of responses of different oligochaete species to individual and combined stress is complex, particularly in mixed species, which provides useful indications of specific stress factors. The application of these experimental laboratory studies to field situations is described.
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    Short term dynamics of the dominant annelids in a polyhaline temperate estuary (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 153-158 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; long term changes ; population dynamics ; polychaetes ; recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Weekly sampling over a two year period from a muddy sand bottom in the polyhaline York River, Virginia, U.S.A., clearly identified the pattern of recruitment and survival of the dominant annelid species. Three intermingled recruitment strategies and two survival patterns were observed, ranging from the classic opportunistic life style of mass recruitment over short time periods followed by mass mortality to prolonged recruitment with lower mortality. Qualitatively the annelid assemblage was very similar from year to year with most of the changes being quantitative. Oligochaetes, Tubificoides spp., were the most stable and characteristic members of the annelid assemblage.
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    Oligochaeta of the middle Po River (Italy): principal component analysis of the benthic data (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 145-152 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; benthos ; principal component analysis
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The application of principal component analysis to two types of habitat (the benthos of macrophytes and of central river bed) enabled us to single out some of the factors that affect the dynamics and the structure of the oligochaete population and its various reactions to environmental conditions. As regards macrophytes, the distribution of the variables on the basis of the first component is correlated, to a certain extent, with a seasonal factor without any significant differences among sites. The largest population is most closely correlated with the summer months. In fact, we found that the Naididae and Tubificidae species generally develop in larger numbers at higher temperatures. For the Tubificidae, we could detect a precise seasonal cycle. In the central river bed habitat, the first component was correlated with the river discharge, which determines the granulometric characteristics of the sediment; we noticed a correlation among the sites that have the same characteristics, regardless of sampling site or date. The species which correlate most closely among themselves are the Tubificidae Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, L. udekemianus and L. profundicola, which are very characteristic of environments that contain abundant organic matter. The second component is correlated with temperature, and hence with the availability of oxygen, which determines the presence and the abundance of more sensitive species.
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    The occurrence of species of semi-aquatic Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Ireland (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 159-170 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Enchytraeidae ; environmental parameters ; ordination techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Enchytraeidae are essentially terrestrial oligochaetes but many species have marked aquatic tendencies. Over two thirds of recorded Irish species were found in soils which were submerged or frequently flooded and 35% showed a distinct preference for these conditions. Relatively few species were living in soils subject to drought. Red blood was present in 28 species, all but one from soils with more than 55% water. Cognettia sphagnetorum and C. glandulosa developed red blood in very wet conditions. In a survey of Irish wetlands, samples were taken from bog, heath, marsh, fen, margins of lakes and rivers, and saltmarsh. The influence of various environmental parameters was determined using ordination techniques. Magnesium and pH were found to be the most important factors. A high level of magnesium distinguished coastal sites and pH 5.2 separated two clusters representing acid peat and marsh-fen-aquatic sites. Groups of indicator species characterized each of the three clusters. The ecological distribution of the indicator species is described, and their usefulness in classifying enchytraeid communities is discussed.
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    The oligochaetes (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in a lake and a canal in the agricultural landscape of Poland (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 171-174 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; diversity ; respiration ; production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data are presented concerning an investigation into the diversity, abundance, production and respiration of the oligochaete fauna in the eutrophic, polymictic Lake Zbechy and in a melioration canal in the Wielkopolska Region, an area of intensive agriculture. It was found that in the canal the average biomass of oligochaetes was about four times higher than in the lake. Oligochaetes expend 1.1–4 times more energy in respiration than in tissue production. Species diversity and species number are positively correlated, while the correlation between diversity and abundance is negative.
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    Oligochaeta of the epigean and underground fauna of the alluvial plain of the French upper Rhône (biotypological trial) (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 175-182 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biotypology ; French upper Rhône
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within a framework of interdisciplinary research, a biotypological trial of the epigean and underground fauna (Oligochaeta and Aphanoneura) of the alluvial plain of the French upper Rhône is proposed, according to the partition of this hydrographic complex into superficial and subterranean functional sets.
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    Comparison of different methods of water quality evaluation by means of oligochaetes (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 183-186 
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    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; water quality ; bioindication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using as examples water bodies in different geographical zones (Lake Ladoga, the River Sukhona, shallow-water ponds of the North Caucasus) the known methods of water quality evaluation by means of oligochaetes are considered. There is no unique universal method of pollution bioindication in. this way. In water bodies of all types the mass development of oligochaetes and the reduction of their species diversity are indications of. (1) large quantities of organic matter; (2) favourable oxygen regime; (3) absence or insignificant quantity of heavy metal solids, petroleum substances and agricultural chemicals; (4) intensive self-purification of the water body.
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    On aquatic Oligochaeta Lumbricomorpha in Europe (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 187-190 
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    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Lumbricomorpha ; biology of aquatic earthworms ; breeding of aquatic earthworms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twelve species of aquatic earthworms have been found in European inland waters where they occupy different environments. Two species live exclusively in the sapropel, that is in the black fetid asphyctic mud, while four species can be found either in the sapropel or in the more oxygenated gyttja. The remaining species prefer this type of soil, but Eisenia spelaea in Italy lives only within submerged litter in mountain streams. The biology of these earthworms is discussed and the possibility of their utilization by man is considered.
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    Distribution and habitat characteristics of Naididae and Tubificidae in the inland waters of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 197-205 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; Tubificidae ; Israel & Sinai distribution ; habitat characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen species of Naididae and fourteen species of Tubificidae were found in collections from inland waters in Israel and Sinai. The local distribution patterns of the majority of these species were determined. The ranges of several physical and chemical variables characterizing the habitats of each species were defined. A correlation was found between the distribution patterns of some species and the following variables: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, current velocities and stability of the habitats.
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    Diversity and zoogeography of marine Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) with notes on variation in widespread species (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 191-196 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The specific and generic diversities of the marine Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of the NE Pacific are compared to those of the NE and NW Atlantic as well as to those of Heron Island, Australia. Diversity in the NE Pacific is relatively high when compared to that of the NE Atlantic. The Tubificidae of the NW Atlantic (limited to the eastern coast of the USA) show two distinct zoogeographic regions: Florida to Cape Hatteras; Cape Hatteras to Massachusetts. Diversity, both in terms of the number of species and number of genera, is approximately the same in these two regions, and is similar to that of both the NE Pacific and Heron Island. Evidence suggests that the widespread marine species, in particular Tubificoides pseudogaster, have a range of morphotypes across their distributions. The apparent wide distributions of these species may be due to a taxonomy unable to resolve the differences between the morphotypes. The tubificid oligochaete fauna of the NE Atlantic appears impoverished compared to the other regions examined. The NE Pacific, NW Atlantic, and Heron Island regions are not dominated by one group of species while the NE Atlantic fauna is dominated by Tubificoides benedeni and Clitellio arenarius.
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    A taxonomic and faunistic survey of the marine Tubificidae and Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) of Italy. Introduction and preliminary results (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 207-210 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; Enchytraeidae ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of material collected along the Ligurian, Tyrrhenian, Ionic and Adriatic coasts of Italy, a tentative list of 26 species (18 tubificids, 8 enchytraeids) of marine Oligochaeta is presented. Most of the species are new to science, and it can therefore be concluded that there is a very high diversity of oligochaetes in the Mediterranean Sea.
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    Ecology and importance of Oligochaeta in the biocenosis of zoobenthos in lakes of the National Park of the Lithuanian SSR (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 211-214 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; distribution according to sediment type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper aims to describe the ecology and determine the distribution of Oligochaeta according to sediment type, depth and other environmental factors in 21 lakes of the National Park of the Lithuanian SSR. Diagrams are included showing the distribution of the lakes according to the index of density and biomass of Oligochaeta in the trophic structure of biocenosis of the zoobenthos. Light is thrown on the problem of sediment composition as a significant factor in the distribution and development of aquatic Oligochaeta.
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    The distribution of aquatic oligochaetes in the fenland area of N.W. Overijssel (The Netherlands) (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 215-222 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; fenland ; cluster analysis ; ecological groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A synoptic study of the aquatic ecosystems in the Dutch province of Overijssel revealed the presence of 33 oligochaete taxa in the fendland area of N.W. Overijssel. The material was collected at 101 sampling sites in 1981. Oligochaetes were grouped by means of a normal and inverse cluster analysis. Although most oligochaetes are quite biquitous, differences in occurrence and abundance were observed and related to minor differences in environmental parameters.
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    Oligochaeta from profundal zones of Spanish reservoirs (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 223-230 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biogeography ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The profundal benthic fauna of 63 Spanish reservoirs was studied during 1972–75. Samples were taken in the deepest part of each reservoir with a modified Van Veen grab. The fauna was dominated by tubificid worms and chironomids. Sixteen species of Oligochaeta were found, two of them new for the Spanish fauna (Potamothrix heuscheri and Haber pyrenaicus). This was the first time H. pyrenaicus was found since the species was described in 1974 from the Pyrenees. Four species were frequent in the reservoirs (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, L. claparedeianus and Dero digitata) but only the first two were abundant as mature individuals. Another interesting fact is the high abundance of immature animals in all samples, accounting for more than 80% of the total individuals examined. The geographical distribution of all species in Spain and their relationship with the typology of Spanish reservoirs are discussed. There seems to be a correlation between the throphic status of the reservoirs and the relative proportion of L. hoffmeisteri as compared to T. tubifex, the number of individuals of the first species increasing with water eutrophication.
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    Two atavistic characters of some Lumbriculidae and their importance for the classification of Oligochaeta (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 15-17 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Lumbriculidae ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rudimentary atria, and the posterior sperm funnels and sperm ducts, which occur in some species of the Lumbriculidae, are discussed. It is shown that the posterior location of funnels and sperm ducts is the result of a forward shift of the atria, which refutes Stephenson's supposition that the Lumbriculidae is the most archaic family of the present-day Oligochaeta.
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    A phenetic and cladistic study of spermatozoal ultrastructure in the Oligochaeta (Annelids) (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 3-13 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; oligochaete spermatozoa ; acrosome ; electron microscopy ; phenetics ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermatozoal ultrastructure of nine oligochaete families has been examined for congruence with phylogenetic and taxonomic systems for the Oligochaeta based on general morphology, particularly the holomorphological hennigian analysis of Jamieson (1978a, 1980, 1983). Estimation of congruence has been made following phenetic and cladistic (phylogenetic) analysis. Correspondence, in phenograms and phylograms, of sperm types with taxonomic and phylogenetic groupings previously recognized is generally good. Departure from this rule in the similarity of the phreodrilid sperm to that of the Lumbricina suggests a corresponding alteration of fertilization biology in the phreodrilids. The results indicate that the Haplotaxidae lie at the base of the opisthopores though they do not unequivocally contraindicate acceptance of a Haplotaxis like form as a stem form of the Haplotaxida (opisthopores and Haplotaxidae) and Tubificida. An even more basal position for prosopores, now represented by the Lumbriculida, cannot yet be dismissed.
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    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic and taxonomic problems in freshwater Oligochaeta with special emphasis on chitinous structures in Tubificinae (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificinae ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; chitinous penis sheaths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Setae and chitinous penis sheaths are the main characters used to distinguish genera and species of the subfamily Tubificinae. Genital setae and penis sheaths are of functional importance to facilitate copulation. Similar structures in different genera may be homologous or products of parallel evolution (homoiologous). Form and dimensions of the penis sheaths of many tubificine species are very variable. Transspecific overlap of quantitative species characters can make the determination of specimens in the genus Limnodrilus difficult. The configuration of the distal ends of the penis sheaths is an important character to distinguish Limnodrilus species. The definition of the intraspecific variability of this morphological character is problematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027888
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